EP1678561A1 - Procede et dispositif de combinaison d'hologrammes et de graphiques informatiques - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de combinaison d'hologrammes et de graphiques informatiques

Info

Publication number
EP1678561A1
EP1678561A1 EP04786883A EP04786883A EP1678561A1 EP 1678561 A1 EP1678561 A1 EP 1678561A1 EP 04786883 A EP04786883 A EP 04786883A EP 04786883 A EP04786883 A EP 04786883A EP 1678561 A1 EP1678561 A1 EP 1678561A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hologram
buffer
image
content
computer graphics
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04786883A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Oliver Bimber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bauhaus Universitaet Weimar
Original Assignee
Bauhaus Universitaet Weimar
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10356434A external-priority patent/DE10356434A1/de
Application filed by Bauhaus Universitaet Weimar filed Critical Bauhaus Universitaet Weimar
Publication of EP1678561A1 publication Critical patent/EP1678561A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
    • G03H1/2286—Particular reconstruction light ; Beam properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
    • G03H1/2294—Addressing the hologram to an active spatial light modulator
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/0005—Adaptation of holography to specific applications
    • G03H2001/0061—Adaptation of holography to specific applications in haptic applications when the observer interacts with the holobject
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
    • G03H1/2202—Reconstruction geometries or arrangements
    • G03H2001/2223—Particular relationship between light source, hologram and observer
    • G03H2001/2231—Reflection reconstruction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
    • G03H1/2249—Holobject properties
    • G03H2001/2284—Superimposing the holobject with other visual information
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H2223/00—Optical components
    • G03H2223/19—Microoptic array, e.g. lens array
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H2226/00—Electro-optic or electronic components relating to digital holography
    • G03H2226/05—Means for tracking the observer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H2250/00—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
    • G03H2250/40—Printed information overlapped with the hologram

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for combining an optical hologram, which contains a virtual content, with computer graphics using a partially transparent optical element, a hologram, a monitor on the side of the partially transparent element facing away from a viewer and a video projector, the holographic image of the hologram appears overlaid with the image of the monitor.
  • the invention is preferably used for displaying computer-generated information in holograms, in particular also for highlighting hologram details.
  • a hologram is a photometric emulsion that carries interference patterns from coherent light. In contrast to a photograph, the recording not only stores the amplitude and the wavelength, but also the phase information, i.e. origin or direction, of incident light rays and is therefore able to produce a complete, optical one
  • Optical holograms are static, an interaction with the viewer is not possible.
  • multiplex holograms that consist of several narrow, vertical
  • Strip holograms are composed, which contain recordings of the same scene from different times or positions, the viewer can see the recorded scene in motion when he moves relative to the hologram.
  • Three-dimensional computer graphics combined with stereoscopic display techniques are an alternative that enables interaction.
  • Modern rendering processes on modern graphics hardware can produce interactive, realistic images, but they do not come close to the quality and fidelity of holographic ones
  • Autostereoscopic display techniques make it possible to view graphics generated with computers without special glasses. There are various autostereoscopic techniques to display objects from multiple perspectives at the same time and thus support multiple viewers. However, the resolution and rendering speed are reduced by the number of views created. In contrast, holographic images can cover all image depths, the perspective, the binocular appearance, the movement parallax, the convergence and the Play adjustment and reach a theoretically unlimited number of viewers.
  • Optical holograms can store and reproduce large amounts of information in a thin, holographic emulsion with almost no loss of quality. Resolutions of less than 3 ⁇ m are possible. Until this quality is achieved by increasing the computing capacity with other methods, a combination of interactive computer graphics and optical would be
  • US 510 92 89 describes a method for highlighting a selected area of a holographic image by brightening it and / or enlarging the area by means of a movable lens in the illumination beam path.
  • the disadvantage here is that the highlighting can only be done by brightening or enlarging, no additional information can be displayed within the hologram and only one area can be highlighted with one lens.
  • WO 96/35975 describes an arrangement for displaying an image of a
  • Object known which contains an optical system for generating the image, a partially transparent mirror and a display arrangement in the background, wherein an observer sees through the mirror - the image and the background representation superimposed, wherein the optical system can contain a holographic film, so that the holographic Picture before
  • the background image can be a computer monitor with moving images.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and an arrangement for carrying out the method with which optical holograms and interactive computer graphics can be combined harmoniously and uniformly, so that all components are optically sharp and separate and the holograms changed, especially highlighted , can be displayed.
  • the task is carried out using a method which the
  • optical holograms with graphic 2D and / or 3D elements represents an acceptable compromise between quality and interactivity. While the holographic image content guarantees high quality but remains static, the additional graphic information can be generated, inserted at interactive speeds, are modified and animated and are of high quality in their scale.
  • optical linking components such as beam splitters or semi-transparent mirrors are placed behind the
  • Hologram emulsion used. This makes a very compact structure possible for transmission holograms.
  • New reflection holograms which can be produced without a darkening layer, make it possible to dispense with a partially transparent, optical element, since they themselves function as such, in that light is both transmitted and reflected. They also enable vertical parallax to be displayed in contrast to conventional transmission holograms, which only depict horizontal parallax.
  • All white light holograms can thus be used, transmission and reflection holograms, including monochrome and color holograms. Real color representation is also possible, in particular with several hologram layers in succession.
  • HDI lamps high-performance discharge lamps
  • the holographic image can advantageously be manipulated.
  • a Z buffer depth buffer
  • a stencil buffer template buffer
  • an image buffer color buffer, frame buffer
  • the lighting conditions within the holographic image can be changed, in particular to show optical highlights of hologram details, to weaken or hide unimportant parts or to adapt the lighting on the hologram to the lighting on the computer graphics.
  • the old lighting conditions are advantageously first calculated out of an already calculated lighting image and the new ones are also included.
  • the holographic and the computer-generated appear through the autostereoscopic display of the computer graphics in connection with corresponding display arrangements, in particular a lenticular screen
  • Image content in three dimensions in the same room By using a detection device for the head and / or eye position of the viewer, in particular a head finder, the required observer position can be continuously adapted to the actual conditions.
  • the arrangement of a protective layer in front of the hologram on the one hand ensures a planar shape and on the other hand significantly reduces the risk of damage.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of an arrangement according to the invention with the exception of the projector
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of an arrangement according to the invention in cross section
  • FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of an algorithm for lighting image and computer graphics
  • FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of an alternative, simplified algorithm
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration of the change in lighting
  • Figures 6 and 7 are schematic representations of results of the inventive method.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of how a transmission hologram can be combined efficiently with a lenticular screen 4 in front of an LCD display 5, which is a variant of a parallax screen that uses the refraction of a lenticular screen 4 in order to direct the light 6 onto different viewing areas.
  • the holographic emulsion 2 in front of a mirror beam splitter 3, it can be illuminated from the front by incident light 7 and can be enriched from the rear with a graphic R which emits light 6.
  • a thin glass plate 1 protects the emulsion 2 from damage.
  • the lenticular plate 4 directs the light 6 from the LCD matrix 5 through the first three layers 1, 2 and 3 to the eyes of a viewer V. That from one
  • Video projector P projected light 7 is transmitted through the first two layers 1 and 2 and partially reflected back by the beam splitter 3, the holographic image being reconstructed by the wavefront formed in the emulsion 2, which falls into the eyes of the viewer V as the emerging light 8 ,
  • a translucent reflection hologram ie without a darkening layer
  • the semitransparent mirror is not necessary, the hologram itself then acts as such.
  • any display instruments capable of displaying computer graphics can be used.
  • Flat panel channels are particularly well suited due to their space-saving design.
  • the method according to the invention naturally also works with active or passive stereoscopic instead of autostereoscopic display. Monoscopic display is also possible. Since there are currently no large autostereoscopic displays available, it is still necessary to switch to stereoscopic projection displays in order to be able to use the
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically how the selective illumination of the holographic plate 2 takes place in that the video projector P projects the illumination image I onto it. If the emulsion 2 is closely attached to the screen 5, both can be considered approximately identical.
  • the geometric area in which the display 5 shows the rendered computer graphic R is not illuminated, the viewer V sees the graphic R at this point in the holographic image without any overlay with any hologram content H.
  • the contents H and G of the hologram or the computer graphic are purely virtual and only become visible through the reconstruction of the wavefront from the emulsion 2 or through the display of the rendered graphic R on the display 5.
  • FIG. 3 An algorithm for calculating the lighting image I and the graphic R using conventional graphics hardware is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the image depth information in the form of the content H of the hologram 2 and the scene description of the content G of the computer graphics are assumed to be known. It makes sense that both are aligned to each other. This will expediently take place outside of normal operation. If optical markers are included in the recording of the hologram, cameras can be used to perform the alignment automatically.
  • the internal and external parameters of the projector P with respect to the holographic emulsion 2 must also be known. The prerequisites are expediently determined in a calibration outside of normal operation.
  • the algorithm takes into account both the three-dimensional relationships of the hologram content H and the graphic content G, with the result that, even if both virtually penetrate each other, the overall image is displayed correctly by only showing the parts of the graphic content G that are visible from the perspective of the Viewer V lie in front of the hologram content H, and on the other hand black areas are shown at the corresponding points on the illumination image I, so that the emulsion 2 is not illuminated there.
  • the hologram 2 is illuminated only at points where content H is also present, so that no undesired light reflections can occur in areas in which no hologram content H is visible.
  • a texture image T is created as an intermediate stage from the viewer V via the emulsion 2 and outside the optical axis by rendering the
  • Hologram content H generated in the defined light color and intensity in the Z and image buffer of the graphics card.
  • the graphic content G is then rendered into Z and template buffers using a Z buffer test.
  • the template areas are deleted in the image buffer with black.
  • the illumination image I is rendered on the optical axis by the projector P after all the buffers have been emptied and by writing an image of the emulsion 2 covered with the texture T into the image buffer.
  • the illumination image I is thrown onto the holographic emulsion 2 by the video projector P.
  • the graphic image R to be displayed on the screen 5 is rendered by the viewer V from and away from the optical axis in that the hologram content H is written into the Z buffer after the emptying of all buffers and the graphic content G using a Z buffer test in Z buffer and frame buffer is written.
  • An alternative, simplified algorithm is shown in FIG. 4. It works in principle the same as the algorithm described above, but irradiates hologram 2 with the exception of the areas of graphic R with predetermined color values, in particular uniformly with white light of maximum intensity.
  • step l.b) of the first algorithm above in which the hologram content H is written into the Z buffer and the image buffer, shading and shading techniques are used instead of rendering the hologram content H only with a uniform intensity.
  • the physical shading effects that have arisen from the real light sources when the hologram was recorded must first be neutralized. Then, for example, the effects of artificial light sources can be added.
  • This manipulation can also be carried out with conventional graphics hardware, in that two images of the hologram content H from the
  • a third image i 3 is generated by the hologram emulsion 2 is rendered from the perspective of the projector P from diffuse, white material with a point light source at the location of the projector P.
  • This intensity image i 3 represents the geometric relationship between the video projector P as a physical point light source and the holographic emulsion 2. It contains shape factors such as the attenuation of the intensity with the square of the distance and the angle dependence of the intensity of the light projected onto the hologram 2.
  • the final lighting image I is about the relationship for example calculated in real time with pixel shaders. This neutralizes the physical shades of the hologram image as best as possible and creates the new shades and shadows.
  • the graphic content R is again cut out using the stencil buffer.
  • Shadow casts on the graphic content G by the hologram content H can in turn be generated by known shading and shading techniques during the rendering of the graphic content G into the image buffer in the last step of the algorithm described above.
  • a detection device for the position of the viewer V is advantageously used, for example a head finder, so that the eye position of the viewer V with a defined error is known.
  • the cuboid with a cutout represents the holographic image of the hologram content H, which was illuminated from the bottom right when the picture was taken.
  • the cylinder with the pyramid-like attachment represents the computer graphics R rendered from the virtual graphic content G, which in a) is rendered with uniform brightness.
  • sub-picture b) the virtual The position and location of the graphic content G has been changed so that it appears to the cylinder in the recess in the cuboid.
  • the display 5 only shows the parts of the graphic content G as computer graphics R which would be visible in front of, next to or through the hologram content in a real arrangement.
  • the hologram 2 is illuminated in such a way that those parts that were behind the graphic content G in a real arrangement are dark, so that only the computer graphic R is visible there. Two completely different images are realistically combined.
  • the algorithm for changing the lighting is illustrated in sub-images c) and d). The original lighting of the
  • Hologram content H was neutralized and replaced by a virtual, new illumination from top left in sub-image c) and from top right in sub-image d).
  • special interaction devices can simulate a feedback based on the sense of touch on the holograpic and computer-graphic image content during the execution of the interactive tasks, for example by observing, evaluating the positions and / or movements of fingers and / or other limbs, and triggering corresponding actions.
  • the holographic image of a human skull is shown schematically in FIG. 7 a).
  • partial image b) the skull was realistically provided with chewing muscles by means of the method according to the invention.
  • the continuous muscle graphic content G is not rendered, since the zygomatic bone as part of the hologram content H during the
  • Algorithm is recognized as lying in front of the graphic content G due to its depth information.
  • An entire collection of art objects can be brought into a single album of holographic recordings and a display device similar to a light box can be used for visualization and interaction. ,
  • Optical holograms in museums can be enriched with multimedia animations. That opens up the possibility to get information about the
  • Ad variants are developed. For example, simply changing the mirror in transmission holograms allows any desired configuration
  • Shapes such as cylinders in multiplex holograms, instead simple, flat plates 1, 2, 4 and / or 5 are supported. Even without graphic enrichment, lighting with a P projector alone offers many options.
  • visual effects can be created. Certain parts of a hologram can, for example, be made temporarily or permanently invisible, while others are temporarily or permanently highlighted.
  • translucent holograms consisting of several layers can be activated in part with individual light projections by reconstruction at different angles. This simply supports animation effects similar to those of the multiplex holograms, without requiring the viewer to move with respect to the hologram or the hologram to move.
  • the techniques described can also be used for non-planar structures or holograms. All that needs to be done is to slightly change the projection techniques of the rendering process. Instead of projecting the texture onto a plane, namely the holographic plate as used in the algorithms, one has to project onto a corresponding, arbitrary geometry. In terms of rendering, this is done by covering any geometry with the generated texture as a projective texture. This projective texture mapping is supported by the hardware of every 3D graphics card; the correct texture coordinates are calculated automatically.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Holo Graphy (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de combinaison harmonique et unitaire d'hologrammes optiques et de graphiques informatiques interactifs visant à permettre une reconnaissance précise et séparée de tous les constituants et une représentation modifiée, notamment partiellement mise en valeur, des hologrammes. A cet effet, l'hologramme est éclairé par une image d'éclairage projetée par le projecteur vidéo, un front d'ondes holographique, visible pour l'observateur, est reconstitué à partir de ceci, et un graphique informatique est simultanément affiché sur l'écran. Le procédé de combinaison d'un hologramme optique (2) présentant un contenu virtuel (H), et d'un graphique informatique (G) fait intervenir un élément optique (3) partiellement transparent, un hologramme (2), un écran sur le côté de l'élément (3) opposé à un observateur (V), et un projecteur vidéo, l'image holographique tridimensionnelle de l'hologramme apparaissant de façon superposée avec l'image de l'écran.
EP04786883A 2003-10-27 2004-09-30 Procede et dispositif de combinaison d'hologrammes et de graphiques informatiques Withdrawn EP1678561A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10350223 2003-10-27
DE10356434A DE10356434A1 (de) 2003-10-27 2003-12-03 Verfahren und Anordnung zur Kombination von Hologrammen mit Computergrafik
PCT/DE2004/002171 WO2005045531A1 (fr) 2003-10-27 2004-09-30 Procede et dispositif de combinaison d'hologrammes et de graphiques informatiques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1678561A1 true EP1678561A1 (fr) 2006-07-12

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EP04786883A Withdrawn EP1678561A1 (fr) 2003-10-27 2004-09-30 Procede et dispositif de combinaison d'hologrammes et de graphiques informatiques

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20070081207A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1678561A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005045531A1 (fr)

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WO2005045531A1 (fr) 2005-05-19
US20070081207A1 (en) 2007-04-12

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