EP1673789A2 - Kondensator mit keramischer separationsschicht - Google Patents
Kondensator mit keramischer separationsschichtInfo
- Publication number
- EP1673789A2 EP1673789A2 EP04766545A EP04766545A EP1673789A2 EP 1673789 A2 EP1673789 A2 EP 1673789A2 EP 04766545 A EP04766545 A EP 04766545A EP 04766545 A EP04766545 A EP 04766545A EP 1673789 A2 EP1673789 A2 EP 1673789A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- capacitor according
- carrier
- particles
- separation layer
- capacitor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012799 electrically-conductive coating Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005621 tetraalkylammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005497 tetraalkylphosphonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 6
- XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003985 ceramic capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C=C FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsilane Chemical class [SiH3]C=C UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitrate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GEWWCWZGHNIUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 GEWWCWZGHNIUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDZYGYFHTPFREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-aminopropyl(dimethoxy)silyl]oxypropan-1-amine Chemical compound NCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OCCCN ZDZYGYFHTPFREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002016 Aerosil® 200 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHXQIAWFIIMOKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N NClO Chemical compound NClO PHXQIAWFIIMOKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- IQOGQTMDKOGOOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C.CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C IQOGQTMDKOGOOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001600 hydrophobic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010220 ion permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- UIUXUFNYAYAMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsilane Chemical class [SiH3]C UIUXUFNYAYAMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005588 protonation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- BPCXHCSZMTWUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)CCC(F)(F)F BPCXHCSZMTWUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/02—Diaphragms; Separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/52—Separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/44—Fibrous material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a capacitor which has a ceramic separation layer.
- Winding capacitors In the case of winding capacitors, the metal coatings are firmly wound into a winding with the dielectric as a tape. The wrap is usually placed in a metal cup and sealed with a sealing compound to protect it against moisture.
- Paper capacitors They have two or more layers of cellulose paper as their dielectric.
- the coverings are made of aluminum foils.
- the connecting wires are welded to thin sheets that are also wrapped.
- Plastic film capacitors They have a dielectric made of plastic films such as polypropylene, polyester or polycarbonate. In the film-film capacitors, the metal coatings are aluminum foils. In the case of metallized plastic film capacitors (MK capacitors), the metal coatings are vacuum-deposited onto the plastic films. 4. Electrolytic capacitors: They have a thin oxide layer as a dielectric. This makes it possible to build small capacitors with large capacities.
- Ceramic capacitors They have a ceramic mass as a dielectric. Small ceramic capacitors are designed as tube and disc capacitors.
- Electrochemical capacitors also called supercapacitors or ultracapacitors, store energy in the electrical field of the electrochemical double layer.
- porous electrodes with a very large surface area are used.
- Modern ECs cover the area between conventional capacitors (high power density, low energy density) and batteries or fuel cells (low power densities, high energy densities).
- Double-layer capacitors "classic" variant in which the electrical energy is stored in an electrical double layer on the electrode surface.
- Typical electrode material here is graphite (natural, artificial, nanotubes, ...) with a lot large surfaces of up to 2,500 m 2 / g.
- Polymer capacitors pseudocapacitor behavior due to p- or n-doping in polymers with conjugated ⁇ -electron systems.
- Metal oxide capacitors also pseudo-capacitor behavior due to fast, reversible Faraday protonation of the electrode surface.
- Typical electrode material here is RuO 2 in an acidic electrolyte.
- a porous separator mechanically separates the electrodes from one another.
- Aqueous or non-aqueous solvents with a suitable conductive salt are used as the electrolyte.
- Polymer membranes are used as separators in aqueous systems; paper or a polyolefin, such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), is used in the area of non-aqueous systems.
- PE polyethylene
- PP polypropylene
- the use of ceramic separation layers on supports as separators can improve the thermal stability of capacitors and that the production of such separation layers is easy.
- the separation layers can be applied both to electrodes as supports (separator electrode unit) or to supports having polymer fibers. Through these different types of production of the separation layer, the capacitor according to the invention can be added by adding little or no modifications according to the most of the usual manufacturing processes for capacitors.
- a separator for electrochemical capacitors is a thin, porous, electrically insulating material with high ion permeability, good mechanical strength and long-term stability against those in the system, e.g. B. in the electrolyte of the electrochemical cell, chemicals and solvents used. It is intended to completely electronically isolate the cathode from the anode in electrochemical cells.
- Separators currently used consist predominantly of porous organic polymer films or other organic or inorganic nonwovens, such as. B. Papers. These are made by different companies. Important producers are: Celgard, Tonen,ditee, Asahi, Binzer, Mitsubishi, Daramic and others.
- separators are mechanically very unstable and easily lead to short circuits, so that a long service life cannot be achieved.
- a major disadvantage of organic polyolefin separators is their low thermal resistance of below 150 ° C. Even briefly reaching or exceeding the melting point of these polymers leads to a substantial melting of the separator and to the destruction of the capacitor. The use of such separators is therefore generally not safe, because when higher temperatures are reached, in particular above 150 ° C. or even 180 ° C., these separators and thus the capacitors are destroyed.
- polyolefin separators are extremely non-polar. However, since the electrolytes used are mostly very polar, there are great problems with wetting. This leads to extremely long filling times for the capacitors with the electrolyte and to a very limited selection of usable electrolytes.
- separators have recently been developed which have ceramic coatings on various substrates.
- DE 198 38 800 Cl proposes an electrical separator with a composite structure, which comprises a flat, flexible substrate provided with a plurality of openings with a coating thereon.
- the material of the substrate is selected from metals and the coating is a continuous, porous, electrically non-conductive ceramic coating.
- the use of the ceramic coating promises thermal and chemical Resistance.
- the separators which have a carrier or a substrate made of electrically conductive material (as stated in the example), have proven unsuitable for electrochemical cells, since the coating of the thickness described cannot be produced without defects over a large area. Short circuits are therefore very easy.
- metal meshes as thin as are required for very thin separators are not commercially available.
- DE 101 42 622 it could be shown that with a material which comprises a flat, flexible substrate provided with a plurality of openings with a coating located on and in this substrate, the material of the substrate being selected from woven or non-woven, non-electrically conductive fibers of glass or ceramic or a combination of such materials and the coating is a porous, electrically insulating, ceramic coating, and wherein the resulting battery separator has a thickness of less than 100 ⁇ m and is bendable, a battery separator can be produced , which has a sufficiently low resistance in connection with the electrolyte and nevertheless has a sufficiently large long-term resistance.
- the weight and thickness of the battery separator for lithium high-energy batteries was reduced by using a polymer fleece.
- separators described there are also suitable for use in capacitors, in particular in those which have no aqueous electrolytes, has not been recognized or described to date.
- the present invention therefore lies in the use of separators in capacitors which have a separation layer on a porous support, the separation layer being a porous inorganic, non-electrically conductive coating which is bonded to one another and to the support by particles of the elements A1 which are bonded to one another by an inorganic adhesive , Si and / or Zr.
- the present invention therefore relates to a capacitor which has a separation layer, which is characterized in that the separation layer is present on a carrier, preferably a porous carrier, and is a porous inorganic, non-electrically conductive coating which is bonded to one another by an inorganic adhesive and particles of compounds of the elements AI, Si and / or Zr bonded to the carrier includes and its use as a storage for electrical energy, for example, for use in vehicles.
- the separators according to the invention have the advantage that they are extremely wettable, in particular by organic polar solvents, and above all have good thermal stability. Due to the thermal stability, the assembly of the capacitors is easier on the one hand (welding), on the other hand, the separator does not melt or decompose if a cell should become too hot during operation. In particular, this makes a stack of capacitors, as is required to achieve higher voltages, significantly more fail-safe.
- the electrochemical cell can be filled with electrolyte very quickly. This shortens the manufacturing time of the capacitors considerably.
- many other solvents can now be used that are difficult or impossible to use with polyolefin separators.
- capacitors and the production of the same can e.g. the documents EP 1 202 299, US 6,585,152, EP 1 314 174 and EP 1 212 763 can be found.
- the construction and functioning of a capacitor can be the contribution of D.K. Haskeil, A.C. Kolb and W.G. McMillan in Encyclopedia of Applied Physics, Volume 6, pages 155 to 176, VCH Publishers New York, 1993 and the literature cited therein.
- the capacitor according to the invention which has a (ceramic) separation layer, is characterized in that the separation layer is present on a support, preferably a porous support, and is bonded to it, and is a porous inorganic, non-electrically conductive coating which is provided by an inorganic Adhesive particles and particles of compounds of the elements Al, Si and / or Zr bonded to one another and to the carrier, in particular oxide particles of these elements.
- the inorganic adhesive in the separation layer in the capacitor according to the invention is preferably selected from oxides of the elements Al, Si and / or Zr.
- the inorganic adhesive can have, for example, particles with an average particle size of less than 20 nm and have been produced via a particulate sol or have an inorganic network of the oxides which has been produced via a polymeric sol.
- the separation layer additionally has an inorganic, silicon-containing network, the silicon of the network being bonded to the oxides of the inorganic coating via oxygen atoms and to the support having polymer fibers via an organic residue.
- an adhesion promoter is used in the production of the separation layer and this adhesion promoter is subjected to the thermal treatment customary in the production.
- the separation layer can have oxide particles of the elements Al, Si and / or Zr in different sizes.
- Capacitors according to the invention preferably have a separation layer which has particles with an average particle size of 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 5 ⁇ m. Larger and smaller particle sizes are also conceivable, depending on the carrier used.
- the particles are particularly preferably bonded to an oxide of the metals Zr or Si.
- the ceramic material of the separation layer in the capacitor according to the invention formed by the particles and the inorganic adhesive preferably has an average pore size in the range from 50 nm to 5 ⁇ m and preferably from 80 nm to 800 nm.
- the separation layer present in the capacitor according to the invention can be present on a wide variety of supports.
- the separation layer is present on a carrier which has fibers of polymers, glass and / or ceramics, polymer fibers being preferred.
- the separation layer can be present on or on and in the carrier mentioned and form a separator with it in the usual sense.
- the capacitors according to the invention preferably have carriers which are flexible and preferably have a thickness of less than 50 ⁇ m exhibit.
- the flexibility of the carrier ensures that the separator can also be flexible.
- Such flexible separators are essential, for example, in wound capacitors according to the invention.
- the capacitor according to the invention preferably has a separator with a carrier which has a thickness of less than 30 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than 20 ⁇ m.
- the separator according to the invention has a carrier which preferably has a porosity of greater than 50%, preferably 50 to 97%, particularly preferably 60 to 90% and very particularly preferably has from 70 to 90%.
- the porosity is defined as the volume of the carrier (100%) minus the volume of the fibers of the carrier, that is, the proportion of the volume of the carrier that is not filled by material.
- the volume of the carrier can be calculated from the dimensions of the carrier.
- the carrier is a fleece with a pore size of 5 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 200 ⁇ m. It can also be advantageous if the carrier has a pore radius distribution in which at least 50% of the pores have a pore radius of 75 to 150 ⁇ m.
- the porous (openwork) support preferably has woven or non-woven polymer or glass fibers.
- the carrier particularly preferably has a glass or polymer fabric or nonwoven or is such a fabric or nonwoven.
- the carrier preferably has non-electrically conductive fibers of polymers, which are preferably selected from polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyester, such as, for. B. polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide (PA) and / or polyolefin (PO), such as. B. polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE) or mixtures of such polyolefins.
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PA polyamide
- PO polyolefin
- PP polypropylene
- PE polyethylene
- the carrier according to the invention has polymer fibers which have a softening temperature of greater than 100 ° C. and a melting temperature of greater than 110 ° C. exhibit.
- the carrier can comprise fibers and / or filaments with a diameter of 0.1 to 150 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 20 ⁇ m, and / or threads with a diameter of 3 to 150 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 70 ⁇ m.
- the support has polymer fibers, these preferably have a diameter of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 1 to 5 ⁇ m.
- Particularly preferred flexible nonwovens, in particular polymer nonwovens have a basis weight of less than 20 g / m 2 , preferably 5 to 15 g / m 2 . In this way, a particularly low thickness and high flexibility of the carrier is guaranteed.
- the capacitor according to the invention particularly preferably has a polymer fleece as a carrier, which has a thickness of less than 30 ⁇ m, preferably with a thickness of 10 to 20 ⁇ m.
- a particularly homogeneous pore radius distribution in the nonwoven is particularly important for use in a separator according to the invention.
- a homogeneous pore radius distribution in the nonwoven in conjunction with optimally coordinated oxide particles of a certain size leads to an optimized porosity of the separator according to the invention.
- the capacitor according to the invention may be advantageous to use supports made of certain polymer fibers.
- the capacitors or the separation layer be impregnated with an organic solvent, e.g. a carbonate or acetonitrile
- the capacitor preferably has supports which have fibers made of polyethylene terephthalates (PET) or polyamides (PA) or consist of these.
- PET polyethylene terephthalates
- PA polyamides
- the separators of separation layer and carrier present in the capacitor according to the invention in accordance with this embodiment can preferably be damaged down to any radius down to 100 m, preferably down to a radius of 100 m down to 50 mm and very particularly preferably from 50 mm down Bend 2 mm.
- These separators are also distinguished by the fact that they can have a tensile strength of at least 1 N / cm, preferably at least 3 N / cm and very particularly preferably greater than 6 N / cm.
- the high tensile strength and the good flexibility of the separator according to the invention has the The advantage of this separator is that it is easy to produce commercially standardized winding capacitors. In these cells, the electrode / separator layers are wound up in a spiral in standardized size and contacted.
- the separation layer present in this embodiment of the capacitor preferably has a porosity of 30 to 70%.
- the porosity relates to the attainable, i.e. open, pores.
- the porosity can be determined using the known method of mercury porosimetry or can be calculated from the volume and density of the feedstocks used if it is assumed that there are only open pores.
- the separator present in the capacitor according to the invention can have a thickness in the range from 10 to 1000 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ m, very particularly preferably 10 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the separators preferably have a thickness of less than 50 ⁇ m, preferably less than 40 ⁇ m, particularly preferably a thickness of 5 to 30 ⁇ m and very particularly preferably a thickness of 15 to 25 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the separator has a certain influence on the properties of the capacitor. Thin separators allow an increased packing density in a capacitor stack, so that a larger amount of energy can be stored in the same volume.
- the latter has a porous electrode as a carrier and is suitable as an electrode in a capacitor and forms a so-called separator-electrode unit.
- electrodes are such
- the separator-electrode unit comprises a porous one as an electrode in one
- Capacitor suitable electrode and a separation layer applied to this electrode which is characterized in that it comprises particles of the elements Al, Si and / or Zr bonded to one another and to the carrier by means of an inorganic adhesive.
- the inorganic adhesive can e.g. be a fraction of metal oxide particles which differ in their average particle size, preferably by more than a factor of 10 and / or in the metal, from the particles of the elements Al, Si and / or Zr.
- the two particle fractions have metal oxide particles which differ both in the metal and in their particle size.
- Separation layer can contain small amounts of inorganic components organic, in particular organosilicon compounds.
- the proportion of these organic constituents in the inorganic separation layer is, however, preferably less than 5% by weight, particularly preferably less than 1% by weight and particularly preferably less than 0.1% by weight.
- These silanes serve as adhesion promoters in order to achieve a better connection of the ceramic to the electrodes.
- the two particle fractions in the separation layer regardless of whether they have oxides of the same or different metals as metal oxide, preferably have particles whose particle sizes differ by at least a factor of 10 and particularly preferably by at least a factor of 100.
- the separator-electrode unit according to the invention preferably has a separation layer which has metal oxide particles with an average particle size (D g ) larger than the average pore size (d) of the pores of the porous electrode, which are separated by metal oxide particles which have a particle size ( Dk) smaller than the pores of the porous electrode, are glued.
- the thickness (z) of the separation layer is preferably less than 100 D g and greater than or equal to 1.5 D g and particularly preferably of less than 20 D g and greater than or equal to 5 D g .
- the metal oxide particles with an average particle size (D g ) larger than the average pore size (d) of the pores of the porous electrode are preferably Al 2 O 3 and / or ZrO 2 particles.
- the metal oxide particles with an average particle size (D k ) smaller than the average pore size (d) of the pores of the porous electrode are preferably SiO 2 and / or ZrO 2 particles.
- the separator electrode units according to the invention particularly preferably have metal oxide particles with an average particle size (D g ) larger than the average pore size (d) of the pores of the porous electrode and an average particle size (D g ) of less than 10 ⁇ m, preferably less than 5 ⁇ m and very particularly preferably from less than 3 ⁇ m.
- D g average particle size
- Preferred layer thicknesses of the separation layer have thicknesses less than 25 ⁇ m, preferably from 10 to 15 ⁇ m. If necessary, the thickness of the separation layer can also be less than 10 ⁇ m.
- the application weights are preferably from 10 to 200 g / m, preferably smaller 100 g / m 2 and very particularly preferably less than 50 g / m 2 .
- the separation layer of the separator-electrode unit of the capacitor according to the invention preferably has a porosity of 30 to 70% (determined by means of mercury porosimetry). Due to the high porosity and the good wettability of the separation layer, the separator-electrode unit or the capacitor can be easily impregnated or infested with electrolytes. In addition, thinner separator layers allow an increased packing density in a capacitor stack, so that a larger amount of energy can be stored in the same volume. The separator-electrode unit is therefore particularly suitable for capacitors with increased energy density.
- the mechanical properties of the separator-electrode unit are essentially determined by the electrode due to the small thickness of the separation layer. Typical tensile strengths are in the range of the tensile strengths of the metallic carrier used for the production. In the case of expanded metals, depending on the expanded metal used, this is approx. 10 N / cm and higher and when using metal foils it is greater than 15 N / cm.
- the separator-electrode unit can be flexible.
- a separator-electrode unit according to the invention can preferably be down to a radius of down to 100 m, preferably to a radius of 100 m to down to 50 cm and particularly preferably to a radius of 50 cm down to 5, 4, 3, Bend 2 or 1 mm.
- the separator-electrode unit according to the invention can have any conventional electrode that can be used in an electrochemical capacitor as a positive or negative electrode.
- the separator-electrode unit according to the invention preferably has an electrode as an electrode which is used in double-layer capacitors or metal oxide capacitors and which therefore has activated carbon with the largest possible surface area, such as activated carbon or RuO 2 or IrO 2 particles.
- Pastes are usually produced from these compounds in combination with graphite or carbon black, a temperature-stable polymer such as polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylic or polystyrene, and a solvent, which are applied to a thin metal foil (as a current collector), such as aluminum foil or copper foil, and through Removing the solvent can be solidified.
- Preferred electrodes have the highest possible porosity, preferably in the range from 20 to 40% (determined by mercury porosimetry) in order to provide the largest possible active surface. It is particularly important that not only a large specific surface area is important, but also that the pores have to have a certain minimum size so that they can be filled with electrolyte. Many small pores make a large contribution to the surface, but are ineffective for the capacitor.
- the minimum size of the active pores is about 5 nm.
- Particularly preferred electrodes have average pore sizes (d) from 5 nm to 20 ⁇ m, preferably from 10 nm to 1 ⁇ m. Multimodal pore distributions with many small pores but also a few large pores are preferred.
- the metal foil can be coated either simply or preferably on both sides. With both electrodes, in the case of current collectors coated on both sides, the separation layer can be applied on one or both sides, depending on how the capacitor is further constructed.
- a double-sided coating of at least one electrode with a separation layer additionally simplifies the construction of a winding module, since one of the separation layers can serve as a separator, while the other layer represents the insulation layer that insulates the electrode from the counter electrode lying over it during winding.
- the capacitor according to the invention has a separation layer in which at least two fractions of oxides selected from Al 2 O 3
- the first ceramic fraction being obtained from a sol and the second fraction having particles with an average particle size of 200 nm to 5 ⁇ m, and the first fraction being present as a layer on the particles of the second fraction and the first fraction with a proportion of the coating of 1 to 30 parts by mass, the second fraction with a proportion of the coating of 5 to 94 parts by mass is present in the ceramic coating and a silicon network is also present, the silicon of the Network via oxygen atoms to the oxides of the ceramic coating, via organic residues to the polymer fleece and via at least one,
- Chain containing carbon atoms is bonded to another silicon.
- the chain having carbon atoms preferably also has at least one
- the separation layer according to the invention preferably has a silicon network, in which the chains with which the silicon atoms are connected to one another are connected via carbon atoms, silicon atoms connected by nitrogen-containing chains was obtained by adding an amino group to a glycidyl group.
- silicon atoms connected by nitrogen-containing chains was obtained by adding an amino group to a glycidyl group.
- the separation layer has at least three fractions of oxides selected from Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 and / or SiO 2 , the third fraction having particles with an average primary particle size of 10 nm to 199 nm and the first Fraction is present as a layer on the particles of the second and third fractions and the first fraction with a proportion of the coating from 1 to 30 parts by mass, the second fraction with a proportion of the coating from 30 to 94 parts by mass and the third fraction with a proportion is present in the coating of 5 to 50 parts by mass in the ceramic coating.
- the large particles (second fraction) serve as filling material for the large meshes present in the carrier.
- the first ceramic fraction serves as an inorganic binder (inorganic adhesive), which fixes the particles to one another and to the carrier (or to the inorganic silicon network formed by the adhesion promoters).
- the inorganic network ensures particularly good adhesion of the ceramic coating to organic carriers, e.g. Polymer fleece sure.
- the particles of the third fraction which have a medium particle size, are probably responsible for the particularly good flexibility.
- the capacitor according to the invention particularly preferably has a separation layer in which the third fraction has particles with an average primary particle size of 30 nm to 60 nm and the second fraction has particles with an average particle size of 1 to 4 ⁇ m and the first fraction also a portion of the coating of 10 to 20 parts by mass, the third fraction with a portion of the coating of 10 to 30 parts by mass and the second fraction with a portion of the coating of 40 to 70 parts by mass is present in the separation layer.
- the third particle fraction contains particles which have an average aggregate or agglomerate size of 1 to 25 ⁇ m.
- the third (particle) fraction preferably contains particles which have a BET surface area of 10 to 1000, preferably 40 to 100 m 2 / g.
- a particularly high flexibility of the separation layer according to the invention can be achieved if the particles of the third fraction are zirconium oxide or preferably silicon oxide particles and the particles of the second fraction are aluminum oxide particles and the ceramic fraction is formed from silicon oxide.
- the middle particles third fraction, such as Sipemat, Aerosil or VP Zirkoniumoxid, all Degussa AG
- second fraction such as the aluminum oxides CT800SG, AlCoA, and MZS, Martinswerke
- the first ceramic fraction comes from brines, which are also commercially available or have to be produced by yourself.
- Separation layers with a composition as mentioned above can, if the carrier allows it, be bent without damage down to any radius, preferably down to 50 m, preferably 10 cm and particularly preferably 5 mm, without this causing defects in the separation layer.
- the separators according to the invention can of course also be used in all conventional capacitors
- a further embodiment of a capacitor according to the invention which can be, for example, a conventional capacitor, can have a separator-electrode unit which has a non-porous polymer film as the carrier, onto which a metal layer is vapor-deposited.
- the film can be, for example, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- Aluminum for example, is used as the metal.
- the ceramic coating described above is preferably present in a layer thickness of less than 10 ⁇ m, preferably less than 5 ⁇ m ,
- the composition of the ceramic separation layer can correspond to that described above. Due to the presence of the separation layer the risk of the capacitor breaking through compared to capacitors without such a layer is significantly reduced.
- the capacitor according to the invention has a dielectric, such as air in the case of some conventional capacitors, or an electrolyte, that is to say a system composed of solvent and Conductive salt, in the case of the electrochemical capacitor.
- PC propylene carbonate
- DMF N, N
- the capacitor according to the invention can be manufactured according to the prior art.
- the separation layer present in the capacitor according to the invention on and / or in a porous support or on the support is e.g. by applying a suspension to the support and solidifying it by heating at least once on and / or in the support, the suspension having a sol as an inorganic adhesive and at least one fraction of oxide particles selected from the oxides of the elements Al, Zr and / or Si, available.
- an appropriate carrier must be used.
- a carrier which is not suitable as an electrode, those are preferably used, the one
- Particularly preferred carriers are those as have already been described in the preceding description of the capacitor according to the invention.
- the porous support used therefore preferably has woven or non-woven polymer or glass fibers.
- a glass or polymer fabric or nonwoven is particularly preferably used as a support or such a fabric or nonwoven is used.
- the carrier used preferably has polymer fibers which have a softening temperature of greater than 100 ° C. and a melting temperature of greater than 110 ° C. It can be advantageous if the polymer fibers have a diameter of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 5 ⁇ m.
- any conventional electrode which is suitable as an electrode in a capacitor can be used.
- Such electrodes usually have a metal foil as a current collector for electrochemical capacitors, with a porous coating made of an electrically conductive material, such as RuO 2 or IrO 2 particles or activated carbon particles, coated with carbon black and graphite, and applied to one or both sides of the foil a binder are conductive to each other and connected to the current collector.
- the electrodes have a metal layer on a polymer film.
- the separation layers according to the invention are formed by applying a suspension, the inorganic electrically non-conductive particles to a, preferably porous, electrically conductive carrier (eg electrode) or a non-electrically conductive carrier (polymer fleece) and then solidifying the suspension to form an inorganic coating on and / or obtained in the porous support.
- the suspension can e.g. B. by Aufdmcken, pressing, pressing rolling, spreading, spreading, dipping, spraying or pouring onto the carrier.
- the suspension used to produce the coating has at least particles of Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 and / or SiO 2 and at least one sol, the elements Al, Zr and or Si, and is produced by suspending the particles in at least one of these sols ,
- the suspension takes place by intensive mixing of the components.
- the particles used preferably have an average particle size of 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably an average particle size of 1 to 5 ⁇ m.
- Aluminum oxide particles, which preferably have an average particle size of 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 5 ⁇ m, are particularly preferably used as metal oxide particles for producing the suspension.
- Aluminum oxide particles in the range of preferred particle sizes are offered, for example, by Martinswerke under the names MZS 3 and MZS 1 and by AlCoA under the names CT3000 SG, CL3000 SG, CT1200 SG, CT800SG and HVA SG.
- oxide particles which by a conventional method such.
- metal oxide particles which by a conventional method such.
- milling ball mill, attritor mill, mortar mill
- dispersing Ultra-Turrax, ultrasound
- the inorganic porous layer has a very uniform pore size distribution. This is achieved in particular by using oxide particles which have a maximum particle size of preferably 1/3 to 1/5 and particularly preferably less than or equal to 1/10 of the thickness of the carrier (fleece) used.
- Table 2 Typical data of ceramics depending on the type of powder used
- the mean pore size and the porosity is to be understood as the mean pore size and the porosity that can be determined using the known mercury porosimetry method with a Porosimeter 4000 from Carlo Erba Instruments.
- Mercury porosimetry is based on the Washburn equation (EW Washburn, "Note on a Method of Determining the Distribution of Pore Sizes in a Porous Material", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei., 7, 115-16 (1921) ).
- the mass fraction of the suspended component (particles) is preferably 1 to 250 times, particularly preferably 1 to 50 times the sol used.
- the sols are obtained by hydrolysing at least one (precursor) compound of the elements Zr, Al and / or Si. It may also be advantageous to add the compound to be hydrolyzed to alcohol or an acid or a combination of these liquids before the hydrolysis.
- the compound to be hydrolyzed is preferably hydrolyzed at least one nitrate, a chloride, a carbonate or an alcoholate compound of the elements Zr, Al and / or Si.
- the hydrolysis is preferably carried out in the presence of water, steam, ice, alcohol or an acid or a combination of these compounds.
- the sols are preferably obtained by hydrolyzing a compound of the elements Al, Zr or Si with water or an acid or obtained a combination of these compounds, the compounds being preferably dissolved in an anhydrous solvent and hydrolyzed with 0.1 to 100 times the molar ratio of water.
- particulate sols are produced by hydrolysis of the compounds to be hydrolyzed. These particulate sols are characterized by the fact that the compounds formed in the sol by hydrolysis are present in particulate form.
- the particulate sols can be prepared as described above or as described in WO 99/15262. These brines usually have a very high water content, which is preferably greater than 50% by weight. It may be advantageous to add the compound to be hydrolyzed to alcohol or an acid or a combination of these liquids before the hydrolysis.
- the hydrolyzed compound can be peptized with at least one organic or inorganic acid, preferably with a 10 to 60% by weight organic or inorganic acid, particularly preferably with a mineral acid selected from sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid and nitric acid or a mixture of these acids are treated.
- the particulate sols produced in this way can then be used for the production of suspensions, the production of suspensions for application to polymer fiber nonwovens pretreated with polymeric sol being preferred.
- polymeric sols are produced by hydrolysis of the compounds to be hydrolyzed. These polymeric sols are distinguished by the fact that the compounds formed in the sol by hydrolysis are polymeric (ie chain-like crosslinked over a larger space).
- the polymeric sols usually have less than 50% by weight, preferably very much less than 20% by weight, of water and / or aqueous acid.
- the hydrolysis is preferably carried out in such a way that the compound to be hydrolyzed with the 0.5 to 10 times molar ratio and preferably with half the molar ratio of water, steam or ice, based on the hydrolyzable G.
- the hydrolyzable compound is hydrolyzed.
- Up to 10 times the amount of water can be used with very slow hydrolyzing compounds such as e.g. B. be used in tetraethoxysilane.
- Very fast hydrolyzing compounds Like zirconium tetraethylate, particulate sols can already form under these conditions, which is why 0.5 times the amount of water is preferably used for the hydrolysis of such compounds.
- Hydrolysis with less than the preferred amount of water, water vapor, or ice also gives good results. However, falling below the preferred amount of half a molar ratio by more than 50% is possible but not very useful, since if this value is not reached the hydrolysis is no longer complete and coatings based on such brine are not very stable.
- the compound to be hydrolyzed is in an organic solvent, in particular ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, amyl alcohol, hexane, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate and or mixtures of these compounds is dissolved before the actual hydrolysis is carried out.
- a sol produced in this way can be used to produce the suspension according to the invention or as an adhesion promoter in a pretreatment step.
- a suspension which has a polymeric sol of a compound of silicon is particularly preferably used for producing the separation layer according to the invention.
- Both the particulate sols and the polymeric sols can be used as sols in the process according to the invention for producing the suspension.
- the particulate sols and the polymeric sols can be used as sols in the process according to the invention for producing the suspension.
- Soles that are available as just described can in principle also be commercially available brines, such as, for. B. zirconium nitrate sol or silica sol can be used.
- brines such as, for. B. zirconium nitrate sol or silica sol.
- Nonwoven materials are transferable, since the very water-containing sol systems described there often do not allow continuous wetting of the usually hydrophobic polymer fleece in depth, since the very water-containing sol systems do not or only poorly wet most polymer fleece. It was found that even the smallest non-wetted areas in the nonwoven material can result in membranes or separators being obtained that contain defects (such as Holes or cracks) and are therefore unusable.
- sols or suspensions which has been adapted to the polymers in terms of wetting behavior completely impregnates the carrier materials, in particular the nonwoven materials, and thus flawless coatings are obtainable.
- the wetting behavior of the sol or suspension is therefore preferably adjusted in the method according to the invention.
- This adaptation is preferably carried out by the production of polymeric sols or suspensions from polymeric sols, which sols one or more alcohols, such as. B. methanol, ethanol or propanol or mixtures which comprise one or more alcohols, and preferably aliphatic hydrocarbons.
- alcohols such as. B. methanol, ethanol or propanol or mixtures which comprise one or more alcohols, and preferably aliphatic hydrocarbons.
- solvent mixtures are also conceivable, which can be added to the sol or the suspension in order to adapt them to the nonwoven used (the carrier) in terms of crosslinking behavior.
- adhesion promoters such as, for example, to the suspensions used.
- B. organofunctional silanes such as. B. the Degussa silanes GLYMO, MEMO, AMEO, VTEO or Silfin.
- adhesion promoters is preferred for suspensions based on polymeric brine.
- compounds selected from the octylsilanes, the vinylsilanes, the amine-functionalized silanes and / or the glycidyl-functionalized silanes such as, for. B. the Dynasilane from Degussa can be used.
- adhesion promoters for polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) are vinyl, methyl and octylsilanes, the exclusive use of methylsilanes not being optimal, for polyamides and polyamines it is amine-functional silanes, for polyacrylates, polyacrylonitrile and polyesters it is glycidyl -functionalized silanes.
- PVDF for example, triethoxy (tridecafluorooctyl) silane is very suitable.
- Other adhesion promoters can also be used, but these have to be matched to the respective polymers.
- the adhesion promoters must be selected so that the solidification temperature is below the melting or softening point of the polymer used as the substrate and below its decomposition temperature.
- the silanes listed in Table 1 can be used as adhesion promoters.
- Suspensions according to the invention preferably have very much less than 25% by weight, preferably less than 10% by weight, of compounds which act as adhesion promoters can act.
- An optimal proportion of adhesion promoter results from the coating of the fibers and / or particles with a monomolecular layer of the adhesion promoter.
- the amount of adhesion promoter required in grams can be obtained by multiplying the amount of oxides or fibers used (in g) by the specific surface area of the materials (in m 2 g " ') and then dividing by the specific space requirement of the adhesion promoter (in m 2 g " ') are obtained, the specific space requirement often being in the order of 300 to 400 m 2 g " 1 .
- Table 2 below contains an exemplary selection of adhesion promoters which can preferably be used, based on organo-functional Si compounds for typical polymers used as nonwoven material.
- the suspension present on and / or in the carrier due to the application can e.g. B. solidified by heating to 50 to 350 ° C.
- the suspension present on and in the carrier is solidified by heating to 100 to 350 ° C. and very particularly preferably by heating to 200 to 280 ° C. It may be advantageous if the heating is carried out for 1 second to 60 minutes at a temperature of 150 to 350 ° C.
- the suspension is particularly preferably heated for solidification to a temperature of 110 to 300 ° C., very particularly preferably at a temperature of 170 to 280 ° C. and preferably for 0.5 to 10 min.
- the suspension is heated on a polymer nonwoven with polyester fibers preferably for 0.5 to 10 minutes at a temperature of 200 to 220 ° C.
- the heating of the suspension on a polymer fleece with fibers of polyamide is preferably carried out for 0.5 to 10 minutes at a temperature of 170 to 200 ° C.
- the composite can be heated by means of heated air, hot air, infrared radiation or by other heating methods according to the prior art.
- the method for producing separation layers according to the invention can, for. B. be carried out so that the carrier is unrolled from a roll, at a speed of 1 m / h to 2 m / s, preferably at a speed of 0.5 m / min. up to 20 m / min and very particularly preferably at a speed of 1 m / min to 5 m / min by at least one apparatus which brings the suspension onto and into the carrier, such as, for. B. a roller, and at least one other apparatus which allows the solidification of the suspension on and in the carrier by heating, such as. B. passes through an electrically heated oven and the carrier thus provided with a separation layer is rolled up on a second roll.
- the separation layer in a continuous process.
- the pre-treatment steps can also be carried out in a continuous process while maintaining the parameters mentioned.
- solidification is achieved by heating at least once a suspension on and in the carrier, in particular polymer fleece, the suspension being a sol and at least a fraction of oxide particles selected from the oxides of the elements Al, Zr, Ti and or Si, is characterized in that the suspension has a mixture of at least two different adhesion promoters, each based on an alkylalkoxysilane of the general formula I, before application
- the treatment with UV radiation can be carried out, for example, by means of a UV lamp, the amount of energy radiated in must be chosen so large that the adhesion promoters are crosslinked. Good results are achieved, for example, by treatment with a mercury vapor lamp for 0.1 to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 4 hours.
- the treatment with UV radiation can take place before or after the at least one heating.
- the UV treatment is preferably carried out after the suspension has been applied to the polymer fleece (the carrier) and before the suspension has been heated once.
- adhesion promoters which satisfy the formula I mentioned above and in which at least two adhesion promoters each have an alkyl radical which is capable of building up a covalent bond in a chemical reaction with the alkyl radical of the other adhesion promoter can be used as adhesion promoters.
- all chemical reactions are possible, but the chemical reaction is preferably an addition or condensation reaction.
- the adhesion promoters can each have two or one alkyl radical (x in formula I is 1 or 2).
- at least two adhesion promoters can e.g.
- an adhesion promoter having an amino group on the alkyl radical and a glycidyl group on the alkyl radical are used.
- 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (AMEO) and 3-glycidyloxytrimethoxysilane (GLYMO) are particularly preferably used as adhesion promoters in the process according to the invention.
- the molar ratio of the two adhesion promoters to one another is preferably from 100 to 1 to 1 to 100, preferably from 2 to 1 to 1 to 2 and very particularly preferably approximately 1 to 1.
- a UV-active adhesion promoter under the action of UV radiation a covalent bond between the adhesion promoter molecules is preferred.
- Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane used.
- the adhesion promoters are e.g. available from Degussa AG.
- the suspension according to the invention preferably has a proportion of 0.1 to 20% by mass, preferably 2 to 10% by mass, of adhesion promoters.
- the suspension can also have other adhesion promoters selected from the organofunctional silanes mentioned above. These adhesion promoters can also have a proportion of 0.1 to 20% by mass, preferably 2 to 10% by mass, in the suspension -% present.
- a suspension which has a sol and at least two fractions of oxide particles selected from the oxides of the elements Al, Zr, Ti and / or Si and at least a first fraction of primary particles with an average particle size of 200 nm to 5 microns and a share of the suspension of 30 to 94 parts by mass and at least a second fraction an average Has primary particle size of 10 nm to 199 nm and a proportion of the suspension of 5 to 50 parts by mass.
- the suspension can again have adhesion promoters, in particular also the reactive adhesion promoters mentioned above.
- the particles of the first fraction are preferably aluminum oxide particles and are offered, for example, by Martinswerke under the names MZS 3 and MZS1 and by AlCoA under the names CT3000 SG, CL3000 SG, CT1200 SG, CT800SG and HVA SG.
- Degussa AG offers, for example, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide or zirconium oxide particles of the second fraction under the names Sipemat, Aerosil, Aerosil P25 or Zirkoniumoxid VP.
- Suspensions are particularly preferably used in which the mass fraction of the suspended component (second and third particle fraction) is 1.5 to 250 times, particularly preferably 5 to 20 times the first fraction from the sol used.
- the suspension used preferably has metal oxide particles with an average particle size (D g ) larger than the average pore size (d) of the pores of the porous electrode.
- Al 2 O 3 and / or ZrO 2 particles are preferably used as metal oxide particles or as metal oxide particles with an average particle size (D g ) larger than the average pore size (d) of the pores of the porous electrode.
- the particles used as metal oxide particles particularly preferably have an average particle size of less than 10 ⁇ m, preferably less than 5 ⁇ m and very particularly preferably less than 3 ⁇ m.
- a suspension which has particles which are smaller than the average pore size of the pores of the electrode, it may be necessary to adjust the viscosity of the suspension.
- By setting a correspondingly high viscosity of the suspension in the absence of external shear forces penetration of the suspension into the pores of the electrode used as a carrier is prevented (starch viscosity, non-Newtonian behavior).
- Such behavior can be achieved by adding auxiliary substances that influence the flow behavior.
- Auxiliaries are also used to adjust the viscosity of the suspension preferably used inorganic materials.
- Pyrogenic silicas such as, for example, Aerosile from Degussa AG, such as, for example, Aerosil 200, are particularly preferably added to the suspension to adjust the viscosity of the suspension. Since these substances are very effective as auxiliaries for adjusting the viscosity, it is sufficient if the mass fraction of silica in the suspension is from 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 5% by weight.
- the carrier with separation layer produced in this way can be combined as a separator or as a separator-electrode unit with the other components required for a capacitor in accordance with the prior art to form a capacitor. If the capacitor produced in this way is an electrochemical capacitor, the separation layer between the electrodes must still be filled with the electrolyte system before the housing of the capacitor can be closed.
- the capacitors according to the invention produced in this way can be used as storage for electrical energy in vehicles, electric vehicles, in starter modules for engines, in particular diesel units, uninterruptible power supplies and in any technical device in which very large electrical outputs are required over only short periods of time.
- Example 1 Separator S450P according to the invention
- the separator according to Example 1 is first cut to a width of approximately 165 mm and then processed together with two electrodes to form a winding with approximately 150 windings (pairs of electrodes, each with 2 separator layers).
- This coil is put into an aluminum housing (50 mm diameter, height 172 mm), electrically connected to the external power connections and filled with the electrolyte (concentrated solution of tetraethylammonium borofluoride in acetonitrile).
- the capacitor will have a weight of approx. 400 g, a capacity of approx. 1850 farads at a voltage of 2.5 V.
- the maximum current is 450A.
- Example 3 Separator-electrode unit according to the invention
- the coating takes place in parallel on both sides.
- 30 g of a 5% strength by weight aqueous HNO 3 solution, 10 g of Dynasilan GLYMO and 10 g of Dynasilan GLYMO were first added to 130 g of water and 15 g of ethanol.
- Two separator-electrode units consisting of an electrode equipped with a separator layer according to Example 3 on one side, are processed into a coil, whereby care must be taken that a ceramic separator layer in each case cleanly separates the electrodes from one another.
- This coil is placed in an aluminum housing (60 mm diameter, height 172 mm), electrically connected to the external power connections and filled with the electrolyte (concentrated solution of tetraethylammonium borofluoride in acetonitrile).
- the capacitor will have a weight of approx. 525 g, a capacity of approx. 2700 farads at a voltage of 2.5 V.
- the maximum current is 600A.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10347568A DE10347568A1 (de) | 2003-10-14 | 2003-10-14 | Kondensator mit keramischer Separationsschicht |
| PCT/EP2004/051845 WO2005038833A2 (de) | 2003-10-14 | 2004-08-19 | Kondensator mit keramischer separationsschicht |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1673789A2 true EP1673789A2 (de) | 2006-06-28 |
Family
ID=34428365
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04766545A Withdrawn EP1673789A2 (de) | 2003-10-14 | 2004-08-19 | Kondensator mit keramischer separationsschicht |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7525788B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1673789A2 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP5064800B2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1868012A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10347568A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2005038833A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (34)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10255121B4 (de) | 2002-11-26 | 2017-09-14 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Separator mit asymmetrischem Porengefüge für eine elektrochemische Zelle |
| DE10255122A1 (de) * | 2002-11-26 | 2004-06-03 | Creavis Gesellschaft Für Technologie Und Innovation Mbh | Langzeitstabiler Separator für eine elektrochemische Zelle |
| DE10347569A1 (de) * | 2003-10-14 | 2005-06-02 | Degussa Ag | Keramische, flexible Membran mit verbesserter Haftung der Keramik auf dem Trägervlies |
| JP4360899B2 (ja) * | 2003-12-22 | 2009-11-11 | パナソニック電工株式会社 | 放電灯点灯装置及び照明器具 |
| DE102004018093A1 (de) * | 2004-04-08 | 2005-10-27 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Polymere mit H-Brücken bildenden Funktionalitäten |
| DE102004021778A1 (de) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-12-08 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Verwendung von Polyalkyl(meth)acrylaten in Schmierölzusammensetzungen |
| DE102004034618A1 (de) | 2004-07-16 | 2006-02-16 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Verwendung von Pfropfcopolymeren |
| DE102004036073A1 (de) * | 2004-07-24 | 2006-02-16 | Degussa Ag | Verfahren zur Versiegelung von Natursteinen |
| WO2006045339A2 (de) * | 2004-10-21 | 2006-05-04 | Degussa Ag | Anorganische separator-elektroden-einheit für lithium-ionen-batterien, verfahren zu deren herstellung und verwendung in lithium-batterien |
| DE102005029124A1 (de) * | 2005-06-23 | 2006-12-28 | Degussa Ag | Filmbildner freies Elektrolyt-Separator-System sowie dessen Verwendung in elektrochemischen Energiespeichern |
| DE102005042215A1 (de) * | 2005-09-05 | 2007-03-08 | Degussa Ag | Separator mit verbesserter Handhabbarkeit |
| DE102005042916A1 (de) * | 2005-09-08 | 2007-03-22 | Degussa Ag | Stapel aus abwechselnd übereinander gestapelten und fixierten Separatoren und Elektroden für Li-Akkumulatoren |
| JP4616132B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-13 | 2011-01-19 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | 電気二重層キャパシタ用セパレータ及び電気二重層キャパシタ |
| DE102006001639A1 (de) * | 2006-01-11 | 2007-07-12 | Degussa Gmbh | Keramische Wandverkleidungsverbände mit elektromagnetisch abschirmenden Eigenschaften |
| DE102006001641A1 (de) * | 2006-01-11 | 2007-07-12 | Degussa Gmbh | Substrate mit bioziden und/oder antimikrobiellen Eigenschaften |
| DE102006001640A1 (de) * | 2006-01-11 | 2007-07-12 | Degussa Gmbh | Keramische Wandverkleidungsverbände mit IR-Strahlung reflektierenden Eigenschaften |
| DE102007005156A1 (de) * | 2007-01-29 | 2008-08-14 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Keramische Membrane mit verbesserter Haftung auf plasmabehandeltem polymerem Supportmaterial, sowie deren Herstellung und Verwendung |
| DE102007042554B4 (de) | 2007-09-07 | 2017-05-11 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Vliesstoff mit Partikelfüllung |
| DE102007045146A1 (de) * | 2007-09-20 | 2009-05-28 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Einachsfahrzeug mit einer Plattform und/oder einem Sitz für einen Fahrer |
| DE102007059805A1 (de) * | 2007-12-11 | 2009-06-25 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Batteriepack |
| RU2485634C2 (ru) | 2008-02-20 | 2013-06-20 | Карл Фройденберг Кг | Нетканый материал, содержащий сшивающий материал |
| WO2010028162A2 (en) * | 2008-09-04 | 2010-03-11 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Charge storage device architecture for increasing energy and power density |
| US9275801B2 (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2016-03-01 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Systems and methods for enhanced dielectric properties for electrolytic capacitors |
| DE102010038308A1 (de) | 2010-07-23 | 2012-01-26 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Lithium-Zellen und -Batterien mit verbesserter Stabilität und Sicherheit, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Anwendung in mobilen und stationären elektrischen Energiespeichern |
| KR20140001896A (ko) * | 2010-10-12 | 2014-01-07 | 애프리콧 머티어리얼즈 테크놀로지스, 엘엘씨 | 세라믹 캐패시터 및 제조 방법 |
| DE102011003186A1 (de) | 2011-01-26 | 2012-07-26 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Dünne, makroporöse Polymerfolien |
| DE102013200722A1 (de) | 2012-01-30 | 2013-08-01 | Evonik Litarion Gmbh | Separator enthaltend eine organisch-anorganische Haftvermittlerkomponente |
| CN102881463B (zh) * | 2012-08-14 | 2016-03-02 | 北京大学 | 一种纤维状超级电容器及其制备方法 |
| JP5401617B1 (ja) * | 2013-01-24 | 2014-01-29 | 有限会社 ナプラ | 受動素子内蔵基板 |
| SG11201509147TA (en) * | 2013-06-10 | 2015-12-30 | California Inst Of Techn | Systems and methods for implementing high-temperature tolerant supercapacitors |
| US10121607B2 (en) | 2013-08-22 | 2018-11-06 | Corning Incorporated | Ceramic separator for ultracapacitors |
| EP3350853A4 (de) * | 2015-07-22 | 2019-10-09 | Celgard LLC | Verbesserte membrane, separatoren, batterien und verfahren |
| EP3669973A1 (de) | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-24 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Verbundkörper |
| CN115473007B (zh) * | 2022-09-28 | 2024-01-02 | 上海意定新材料科技有限公司 | 一种新能源汽车锂电池用陶瓷基隔膜及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (39)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4713731A (en) * | 1982-05-03 | 1987-12-15 | Standard Oil Company | Double layer capacitor |
| JPH0666231B2 (ja) * | 1985-03-07 | 1994-08-24 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 電気二重層コンデンサ |
| JPS61239616A (ja) * | 1985-04-17 | 1986-10-24 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 電気二重層コンデンサ |
| JP2761301B2 (ja) * | 1991-02-25 | 1998-06-04 | 新神戸電機株式会社 | 電解液保持体 |
| JPH04296446A (ja) * | 1991-03-26 | 1992-10-20 | Nippon Muki Co Ltd | 蓄電池用焼結式セパレータ並にその製造法 |
| US6233135B1 (en) | 1994-10-07 | 2001-05-15 | Maxwell Energy Products, Inc. | Multi-electrode double layer capacitor having single electrolyte seal and aluminum-impregnated carbon cloth electrodes |
| US5748439A (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 1998-05-05 | Telectronics Pacing Systems, Inc. | Capacitors having high strength electrolytic capacitor separators |
| JPH0967112A (ja) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-03-11 | Kyocera Corp | 固体活性炭及びその製造方法 |
| JPH09286785A (ja) * | 1996-01-10 | 1997-11-04 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | 含フッ素ジオキソラン、電解液用有機溶媒、リチウム二次電池および電気二重層コンデンサ |
| JP3028056B2 (ja) * | 1996-02-19 | 2000-04-04 | 日本電気株式会社 | 電気二重層コンデンサ基本セルおよび電気二重層コンデンサ |
| US6094338A (en) * | 1997-07-09 | 2000-07-25 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Electric double-layer capacitor |
| DE19741498B4 (de) | 1997-09-20 | 2008-07-03 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Herstellung eines Keramik-Edelstahlgewebe-Verbundes |
| WO1999057769A1 (de) * | 1998-05-06 | 1999-11-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Elektrischer separator auf basis von keramisch beschichtetem trägermaterial |
| DE19838800C1 (de) | 1998-05-06 | 2000-03-16 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Batterieseparator auf Basis von keramisch beschichtetem Trägermaterial |
| CA2299472A1 (en) | 1998-06-03 | 1999-12-09 | Creavis Gesellschaft Fur Technologie Und Innovation Mbh | Hydrophobic permeable composite, method for producing said composite and use of the same |
| JP2000331663A (ja) * | 1999-05-18 | 2000-11-30 | Nippon Kodoshi Corp | セパレータ及び該セパレータを使用した電解コンデンサ,電気二重層コンデンサ,非水系電池 |
| JP3764604B2 (ja) * | 1999-06-29 | 2006-04-12 | 京セラ株式会社 | 電気二重層コンデンサおよびその製造方法 |
| US6449139B1 (en) | 1999-08-18 | 2002-09-10 | Maxwell Electronic Components Group, Inc. | Multi-electrode double layer capacitor having hermetic electrolyte seal |
| US6627252B1 (en) | 2000-05-12 | 2003-09-30 | Maxwell Electronic Components, Inc. | Electrochemical double layer capacitor having carbon powder electrodes |
| WO2001093350A1 (en) * | 2000-05-29 | 2001-12-06 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Limited | Separator for electrochemical device and method for producing the same, and electrochemical device |
| DE10031281A1 (de) | 2000-06-27 | 2002-01-10 | Creavis Tech & Innovation Gmbh | Polyelektrolytbeschichteter, stoffdurchlässiger Verbundwerkstoff, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und die Verwendung des Verbundwerkstoffes |
| US6730439B2 (en) * | 2000-08-01 | 2004-05-04 | Tonen Tapyrus Co., Ltd. | Heat-resistant separator |
| EP1202299B1 (de) | 2000-10-25 | 2006-08-16 | Montena Components S.A. | Aus übereinander gewickelten Bändern bestehende Vorrichtung zur elektrischen Energiespeicherung und Herstellungsverfahren |
| JP5070660B2 (ja) * | 2000-10-30 | 2012-11-14 | 住友化学株式会社 | 多孔性フィルム、電池用セパレータおよび電池 |
| DE10061959A1 (de) | 2000-12-13 | 2002-06-20 | Creavis Tech & Innovation Gmbh | Kationen-/protonenleitende, mit einer ionischen Flüssigkeit infiltrierte keramische Membran, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und die Verwendung der Membran |
| DE10061920A1 (de) | 2000-12-13 | 2002-06-20 | Creavis Tech & Innovation Gmbh | Kationen-/protonenleitende keramische Membran auf Basis einer Hydroxysilylsäure, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und die Verwendung der Membran |
| DE10142622A1 (de) | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-20 | Creavis Tech & Innovation Gmbh | Elektrischer Separator, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und Verwendung |
| US20030062257A1 (en) * | 2001-10-03 | 2003-04-03 | Gozdz Antoni S. | Electrochemical cell comprising lamination of electrode and paper separator members |
| JP2003183014A (ja) * | 2001-10-10 | 2003-07-03 | Jfe Steel Kk | 多孔質炭素材料、その製造方法および電気二重層キャパシタ |
| DE10208277A1 (de) | 2002-02-26 | 2003-09-04 | Creavis Tech & Innovation Gmbh | Elektrischer Separator, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und Verwendung |
| DE10208208B4 (de) | 2002-02-26 | 2012-03-08 | Eaton Industries Gmbh | Bausatz aus mehreren Bausatzelementen und einer Welle |
| DE10208278A1 (de) | 2002-02-26 | 2003-09-04 | Creavis Tech & Innovation Gmbh | Hybridmembran, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und die Verwendung der Membran |
| DE10238944A1 (de) | 2002-08-24 | 2004-03-04 | Creavis Gesellschaft Für Technologie Und Innovation Mbh | Separator zur Verwendung in Hochenergiebatterien sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| DE10238945B4 (de) | 2002-08-24 | 2013-01-03 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Elektrischer Separator mit Abschaltmechanismus, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung, Verwendung des Separators in Lithium-Batterien und Batterie mit dem Separator |
| DE10238943B4 (de) | 2002-08-24 | 2013-01-03 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Separator-Elektroden-Einheit für Lithium-Ionen-Batterien, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und Verwendung in Lithium-Batterien sowie eine Batterie, aufweisend die Separator-Elektroden-Einheit |
| DE10238941B4 (de) | 2002-08-24 | 2013-03-28 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Elektrischer Separator, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und Verwendung in Lithium-Hochleistungsbatterien sowie eine den Separator aufweisende Batterie |
| DE10240032A1 (de) | 2002-08-27 | 2004-03-11 | Creavis Gesellschaft Für Technologie Und Innovation Mbh | Ionenleitender Batterieseparator für Lithiumbatterien, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und die Verwendung derselben |
| DE10255122A1 (de) | 2002-11-26 | 2004-06-03 | Creavis Gesellschaft Für Technologie Und Innovation Mbh | Langzeitstabiler Separator für eine elektrochemische Zelle |
| DE10255121B4 (de) | 2002-11-26 | 2017-09-14 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Separator mit asymmetrischem Porengefüge für eine elektrochemische Zelle |
-
2003
- 2003-10-14 DE DE10347568A patent/DE10347568A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-08-19 CN CNA2004800301874A patent/CN1868012A/zh active Pending
- 2004-08-19 JP JP2006534733A patent/JP5064800B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-08-19 WO PCT/EP2004/051845 patent/WO2005038833A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2004-08-19 EP EP04766545A patent/EP1673789A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-08-19 US US10/575,734 patent/US7525788B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2005038833A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20070139860A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
| JP5064800B2 (ja) | 2012-10-31 |
| WO2005038833A3 (de) | 2005-12-08 |
| CN1868012A (zh) | 2006-11-22 |
| US7525788B2 (en) | 2009-04-28 |
| JP2007508703A (ja) | 2007-04-05 |
| DE10347568A1 (de) | 2005-05-12 |
| WO2005038833A2 (de) | 2005-04-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP1673789A2 (de) | Kondensator mit keramischer separationsschicht | |
| EP1532701B1 (de) | Ionenleitender batterieseparator für lithiumbatterien, verfahren zu dessen herstellung und die verwendung desselben | |
| DE10238941B4 (de) | Elektrischer Separator, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und Verwendung in Lithium-Hochleistungsbatterien sowie eine den Separator aufweisende Batterie | |
| EP1509960B1 (de) | Elektrischer separator, verfahren zu dessen herstellung und verwendung | |
| EP1535357B1 (de) | Separator zur verwendung in hochenergiebatterien sowie verfahren zu dessen herstellung | |
| EP1671384B8 (de) | Keramische, flexible membran mit verbesserter haftung der keramik auf dem trägervlies | |
| DE10238943B4 (de) | Separator-Elektroden-Einheit für Lithium-Ionen-Batterien, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und Verwendung in Lithium-Batterien sowie eine Batterie, aufweisend die Separator-Elektroden-Einheit | |
| EP1955756B1 (de) | Keramische Membrane mit verbesserter Haftung auf plasmabehandeltem polymerem Supportmaterial, sowie deren Herstellung und Verwendung | |
| EP1925047A1 (de) | Separator mit verbesserter handhabbarkeit | |
| EP1673822A2 (de) | Keramischer separator für elektrochemische zellen mit verbesserter leitfähigkeit | |
| DE10255121A1 (de) | Separator mit asymmetrischem Porengefüge für eine elektrochemische Zelle | |
| EP1673823A1 (de) | Elektrischer separator mit abschaltmechanismus, verfahren zu dessen herstellung und verwendung in lithium-batterien | |
| DE10255122A1 (de) | Langzeitstabiler Separator für eine elektrochemische Zelle | |
| EP2700117A1 (de) | Separator mit additiv zur verbesserung der beschichtungsgüte und reduzierung von agglomeraten im keramischen kompositmaterial | |
| WO2004049480A2 (de) | Separator mit niedrigem wassergehalt für eine elektrochemische zelle | |
| WO2004021474A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines separators, insbesondere für lithium-ionen-batterien | |
| KR101067261B1 (ko) | 세라믹 분리층을 포함하는 커패시터 | |
| DE102014211998A1 (de) | Hydrophober Separator sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung des Separators |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20060223 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL HR LT LV MK |
|
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): DE FR GB NL |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: DEGUSSA GMBH |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: EVONIK DEGUSSA GMBH |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: EVONIK DEGUSSA GMBH |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20091211 |
|
| GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
| INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20160426 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20160907 |