EP1669465B1 - Process and device for the rolling and annealing of a stainless steel sheet - Google Patents

Process and device for the rolling and annealing of a stainless steel sheet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1669465B1
EP1669465B1 EP05370037A EP05370037A EP1669465B1 EP 1669465 B1 EP1669465 B1 EP 1669465B1 EP 05370037 A EP05370037 A EP 05370037A EP 05370037 A EP05370037 A EP 05370037A EP 1669465 B1 EP1669465 B1 EP 1669465B1
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Prior art keywords
stainless steel
annealing
rolling
strip
steel band
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1669465A3 (en
EP1669465A2 (en
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Alain DMS Société Anonyme Marchal
Francis DMS Société Anonyme Bourdon
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Fives DMS SA
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DMS SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C21D8/0421—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0436—Cold rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C21D8/0447—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/0473—Final recrystallisation annealing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of annealing a strip of stainless steel.
  • the material hardens and loses its ductility because of the heavy constraints.
  • annealing processes consist in bringing the material back into a stable state. The material is then softened and thus regains its ductility.
  • annealing There are two types of annealing, a so-called intermediate annealing, and a so-called final annealing.
  • the stainless steel strip To obtain a desired sheet thickness, it is often necessary to subject the stainless steel strip to several successive cold rolling stages. In this case, the stainless steel strip circulates in a closed circuit to pass several times between the rolling rolls.
  • the sheet or strip of stainless metal After having undergone a final cold rolling step, the sheet or strip of stainless metal must be softened and have an irreproachable finish to be salable; it's the final annealing.
  • the final annealing may be either a bright annealing or said annealing-stripping.
  • the bright annealing is carried out in a closed chamber furnace and under a non-oxidizing controlled atmosphere which is composed of a mixture H 2 / N 2 with a maximum proportion of N 2 at 25%, or even pure H 2 .
  • Gloss annealing can also be achieved by means of a transverse magnetic flux induction heating method, which directly raises the temperature of the strip.
  • the furnace is followed by at least one pair of rollers whose envelope wall is polished like a mirror, called "passing skin", capable of subjecting the strip to a superficial rolling.
  • This brilliant annealing process gives good results and makes it possible to obtain plates whose finishing is of quality, defined BA according to the international qualification of the metals.
  • this quality finish has too low roughness, which does not allow, later, easy stamping of said sheets. Indeed, a surface that is too smooth is unfavorable for stamping.
  • the annealing is then performed in an open chamber furnace.
  • the oxygen content is controlled between 3 and 6% depending on the grade of the steel. Because of the oxidizing atmosphere, a chemical pickling treatment is required to remove the oxide layer, also called calamine.
  • This chemical treatment involves the implementation of different chemicals depending on the grade of the treated steel, generating effluents that may be in a gaseous or liquid state.
  • the quality of finish is called 2D according to the international qualification of metals.
  • the sheet metal strip can then pass between two mirror polished rollers to obtain a low roughness by subjecting it to a very low elongation.
  • the quality of finish is called 2B. Nevertheless, it will be understood that the chemicals required for pickling, as well as the energy to use them, in particular for heating chemical baths and electrolysis, as well as the measures to be taken for the depollution represent significant operating costs.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an annealing process which overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks, and in particular overcomes the use of chemical agents.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a method of final annealing of stainless steel strips, equivalent to grades 2B, subsequently authorizing stamping operations.
  • the figure 1 illustrates a cold rolling process 1, comprising a prior art annealing process, and comprises a first chemical agent annealing and pickling step. As illustrated, the quality of the stainless steel strip at the output of this step is called 2D in accordance with the international qualification of metals.
  • the stainless steel strip is then subjected to a superficial rolling step, in particular by means of mirror polished rollers 21. quality of the stainless steel strip at the exit of this stage is said 2B according to the international qualification of metals.
  • the annealing process 20, consisting of the annealing and pickling step, may constitute an intermediate annealing process. Indeed, the metal strip can follow a closed loop and undergo several passes in the rolling rolls until the thickness of the desired band.
  • the figure 2 schematically illustrates a cold rolling process comprising a final annealing step of bright annealing type known from the prior art. It should be noted that in bright annealing, no chemical treatment is necessary. Advantageously, the dew point in each bright annealing furnace must be as low as possible.
  • Induction heating furnaces with transverse magnetic flux are also known.
  • the main advantages of induction heating are their high electrical efficiency, and a high power density to achieve, as quickly as possible, the right temperature in said band.
  • the principle of bright annealing is adapted to a process which makes it possible to obtain a product equivalent to that obtained in the Annealing stripping by chemical agent.
  • the reducing atmosphere may especially consist of an H 2 / N 2 mixture containing a maximum proportion of N 2 of 25% or, at the limit, pure H 2 .
  • the location of the heating sections of the strip will be vertical.
  • the steel strip is cooled with the circulation of a reducing gas.
  • the process will achieve significant production capacity exceeding 200,000 tons / year. Also, one will implement a heating and a fast cooling, with heating powers of the Mega W / m 2 order and cooling rates of the order of 100 ° C / s.
  • a roughness is printed by a superficial rolling causing a very slight elongation of the stainless steel strip.
  • sufficient surface roughness is printed by superficial rolling in order to facilitate the stamping of the stainless steel strip.
  • a roughness equivalent to the roughness of a stainless steel of quality 2B defined by the international qualification of metals is printed.
  • This quality of steel can in particular be obtained, with the annealing processes of the prior art, by an annealing-stripping step to which is added a superficial rolling step by means of mirror polished rollers.
  • the means for surface printing a roughness to said stainless steel strip consist of a rolling device comprising at least one pair of rollers with a rough surface.
  • the heating means are constituted by a vertical furnace 2 having induction heating means.
  • the induction heating means may advantageously consist of two coils parallel to said steel strip and capable of generating a magnetic field transverse to said strip. They allow to bring the stainless steel strip to a temperature up to 1,200 ° C.
  • the cooling means make it possible to accelerate the temperature drop of said strip.
  • These cooling means take the form of gas circulation means.
  • the circulating cooling gas is non-oxidizing.
  • the cooling means allow a temperature drop at a speed greater than or equal to 100 ° C / s.
  • the device may furthermore comprise means for measuring the roughness of the stainless steel strip and / or actuating means able to control the pressure of the rough surface rollers.
  • a rolling installation comprises cold rolling rolls 1 and an annealing device according to the invention, consisting of a transverse induction vertical furnace 2 and a surface rolling device comprising at least one pair of rollers 23 with a rough surface.
  • the annealing device is located downstream of said rolling rolls 1.
  • the stainless steel strip can also traverse a closed circuit 22 'allowing several sequences of passage of said strip between the rolling rolls 1.
  • the quality of said stainless steel strip is called 2B + (of a quality equivalent to the quality 2B traditionally obtained with a pickling annealing process).
  • the annealing process will find particular application in a rolling method as an intermediate annealing method for softening the material and recovering ductility of said stainless steel strip.
  • the annealing process will find another application in a rolling process as a final annealing process. It will be used in particular as a final annealing process for stainless steel strips to be stamped.
  • the stainless steels concerned by this annealing process will in particular be of two types, namely AISI 300 or AISI 400.
  • the annealing method according to the invention makes it possible to have a high rate of temperature increase and a high energy yield.
  • the process according to the invention makes it possible to avoid the use of polluting chemical agents. This is why this annealing process can be advantageous on an ecological level.
  • the same rolling plant may be flexible and may be equipped, depending on use, rough rolls or mirror polished rollers.
  • the rollers will be removable to be changed according to use.
  • the plant is equipped with a surface rolling device comprising at least one pair of rollers 23 with a rough surface which makes it possible, at the outlet 23 ', to obtain a strip of stainless steel of quality 2B + .
  • rollers with rough surface 23 can be replaced by mirror polished rollers 21.
  • the steel strip may not undergo rolling.
  • surface and in particular the rough surface rollers 23 or mirror polished rollers 21 may simply be open.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

An annealing process of a stainless steel band, after exposure to at least one first rolling step, comprises heating under reducing atmosphere the stainless steel band, cooling the stainless steel band, and printing on its surface a roughness onto the stainless steel band. Independent claims are also included for: (A) an annealing device for implementing the inventive method, comprising a mechanism for heating under reducing atmosphere the stainless steel band, a mechanism for cooling the stainless steel band, and a rolling device for printing on the surface a roughness on the stainless steel band; and (B) use of the inventive annealing process in a rolling process such as an intermediate annealing process intended for softening the material and restoring the ductility of the stainless steel band, or in a rolling process such as a final annealing process.

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé de recuit d'une bande d'acier inoxydable.The present invention relates to a method of annealing a strip of stainless steel.

Dans le domaine de l'industrie métallurgique, il est connu de fabriquer des bobines de tôle en faisant subir au métal une ou plusieurs étapes de laminage à froid.In the field of the metallurgical industry, it is known to manufacture sheet metal coils by subjecting the metal to one or more cold rolling stages.

Pour ce faire, une bande de tôle défile sur un circuit déterminé et est laminée entre deux rouleaux pour réduire son épaisseur.To do this, a strip of metal rolls over a determined circuit and is laminated between two rollers to reduce its thickness.

Ce faisant, la matière se durcit et perd sa ductilité du fait des fortes contraintes subies.In doing so, the material hardens and loses its ductility because of the heavy constraints.

Pour pouvoir retravailler la bande métallique, on connaît alors des procédés de recuit qui consistent à ramener la matière dans un état stable. La matière est alors adoucie et retrouve ainsi sa ductilité.In order to be able to rework the metal strip, annealing processes are then known which consist in bringing the material back into a stable state. The material is then softened and thus regains its ductility.

On distingue alors deux types de recuits, un recuit dit intermédiaire, et un recuit dit final.There are two types of annealing, a so-called intermediate annealing, and a so-called final annealing.

Pour obtenir une épaisseur de tôle désirée, il est souvent nécessaire de soumettre la bande de métal inoxydable à plusieurs étapes successives de laminage à froid. Dans ce cas, la bande d'acier inoxydable circule en suivant un circuit fermé pour passer plusieurs fois entre les rouleaux de laminage.To obtain a desired sheet thickness, it is often necessary to subject the stainless steel strip to several successive cold rolling stages. In this case, the stainless steel strip circulates in a closed circuit to pass several times between the rolling rolls.

Néanmoins, après chaque séquences de passages entre lesdits rouleaux, on doit adoucir la bande de métal pour effectuer une nouvelle séquence : c'est le recuit intermédiaire.Nevertheless, after each sequence of passages between said rollers, the metal strip must be softened to perform a new sequence: this is the intermediate annealing.

Après avoir subi une dernière étape de laminage à froid, la tôle ou bande de métal inoxydable doit être adoucie et présenter une finition irréprochable pour être vendable ; c'est le recuit final.After having undergone a final cold rolling step, the sheet or strip of stainless metal must be softened and have an irreproachable finish to be salable; it's the final annealing.

On comprendra, que la qualité de finition à atteindre après le procédé de recuit intermédiaire n'est pas nécessairement la même que dans le recuit final. On connaît ainsi un procédé adapté : le recuit et le décapage par agent chimique.It will be understood that the quality of finish to be achieved after the intermediate annealing process is not necessarily the same as in the final annealing. Thus, a suitable method is known: annealing and etching by chemical agent.

Le recuit final peut être soit un recuit brillant, soit ledit recuit-décapage.The final annealing may be either a bright annealing or said annealing-stripping.

Le recuit brillant est réalisé dans un four à chambre fermée et sous une atmosphère contrôlée non oxydante qui est composée d'un mélange H2/N2 avec une proportion maximale de N2 à 25 %, voire même du pur H2.The bright annealing is carried out in a closed chamber furnace and under a non-oxidizing controlled atmosphere which is composed of a mixture H 2 / N 2 with a maximum proportion of N 2 at 25%, or even pure H 2 .

Il est traditionnellement réalisé à l'aide d'un four à résistance électrique, d'un four à moufle fonctionnant au gaz, ou encore, d'un four hydride combinant les deux technologies précédentesIt is traditionally made using an electric resistance furnace, a muffle furnace operating on gas, or a hybrid furnace combining the two previous technologies

Le recuit brillant peut être également réalisé au moyen d'un procédé de chauffage par induction à flux magnétique transverse, qui permet d'élever directement la température de la bande.Gloss annealing can also be achieved by means of a transverse magnetic flux induction heating method, which directly raises the temperature of the strip.

Généralement, le four est suivi d'au moins une paire de rouleaux dont la paroi d'enveloppe est polie comme un miroir, dit « skin passant », apte à faire subir à la bande un laminage superficiel.Generally, the furnace is followed by at least one pair of rollers whose envelope wall is polished like a mirror, called "passing skin", capable of subjecting the strip to a superficial rolling.

Ce procédé de recuit brillant donne de bons résultats et permet d'obtenir des tôles dont la finition est de qualité, définie BA selon la qualification internationale des métaux.This brilliant annealing process gives good results and makes it possible to obtain plates whose finishing is of quality, defined BA according to the international qualification of the metals.

Néanmoins, cette qualité de finition présente une trop faible rugosité, qui ne permet pas, par la suite, l'emboutissage aisé desdites tôles. En effet, une surface trop lisse est défavorable à l'emboutissage.Nevertheless, this quality finish has too low roughness, which does not allow, later, easy stamping of said sheets. Indeed, a surface that is too smooth is unfavorable for stamping.

Dans ce cas, il est connu de traiter la bande d'acier par le procédé de recuit-décapage qui permet d'obtenir une rugosité de surface suffisante facilitant l'emboutissage.In this case, it is known to treat the steel strip by the annealing-stripping process which makes it possible to obtain a sufficient surface roughness facilitating the stamping.

Le recuit est alors réalisé dans un four à chambre ouverte. Le contenu en oxygène est contrôlé entre 3 et 6 % en fonction du grade de l'acier. A cause de l'atmosphère oxydante, un traitement chimique de décapage est nécessaire pour enlever la couche d'oxyde, encore appelée calamine.The annealing is then performed in an open chamber furnace. The oxygen content is controlled between 3 and 6% depending on the grade of the steel. Because of the oxidizing atmosphere, a chemical pickling treatment is required to remove the oxide layer, also called calamine.

Ce traitement chimique implique la mise en oeuvre de différents produits chimiques en fonction du grade de l'acier traité, générant des effluents pouvant se trouver dans un état gazeux ou liquide.This chemical treatment involves the implementation of different chemicals depending on the grade of the treated steel, generating effluents that may be in a gaseous or liquid state.

Des exemples des substances chimiques connues utilisées peuvent être :

  • le sulfate de sodium utilisé comme bain d'électrolyse pour l'AISI 300 et l'AISI 400, néanmoins, cette solution génère du Cr6+ ;
  • de l'acide nitrique (HNO3) pour la passivation de l'AISI 400, néanmoins la réaction génère des nitrates ;
  • un mélange d'acides composés d'acide fluorhydrique (HF) et d'acide nitrique (HNO3) ; néanmoins, cette réaction génère des fumées de NOx (de couleur jaune), des nitrates et de fluorides.
Examples of known chemical substances used may be:
  • sodium sulfate used as electrolysis bath for AISI 300 and AISI 400, however, this solution generates Cr 6+ ;
  • nitric acid (HNO3) for the passivation of AISI 400, nevertheless the reaction generates nitrates;
  • a mixture of acids composed of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and nitric acid (HNO3); nevertheless, this reaction generates fumes of NOx (of yellow color), nitrates and fluorides.

En sortie de cette étape de décapage, la qualité de finition est dite 2D selon la qualification internationale des métaux. La bande de tôle peut ensuite passer entre deux rouleaux poli miroir pour obtenir une faible rugosité en lui faisant subir une très faible élongation.At the end of this stripping step, the quality of finish is called 2D according to the international qualification of metals. The sheet metal strip can then pass between two mirror polished rollers to obtain a low roughness by subjecting it to a very low elongation.

Après cette étape, la qualité de finition est dite 2B. Néanmoins, on comprendra que les produits chimiques nécessaires au décapage, ainsi que l'énergie pour les utiliser, notamment pour le chauffage des bains chimiques et l'électrolyse, ainsi que les dispositions à prendre pour la dépollution représentent des coûts significatifs d'exploitation.After this step, the quality of finish is called 2B. Nevertheless, it will be understood that the chemicals required for pickling, as well as the energy to use them, in particular for heating chemical baths and electrolysis, as well as the measures to be taken for the depollution represent significant operating costs.

Il est à noter que le procédé connu de recuit et décapage par agents chimiques a une capacité de production comprise généralement entre 180.000 tonnes par an et 230.000 tonnes par an. Le recuit brillant à four traditionnel, quant à lui, a une capacité de production moindre comprise entre 60.000 tonnes par an et 100.000 tonnes par an.It should be noted that the known method of annealing and stripping with chemical agents has a production capacity generally between 180,000 tons per year and 230,000 tons per year. Traditional oven bright annealing, on the other hand, has a lower production capacity of between 60,000 tons per year and 100,000 tons per year.

On connaît également du document US 3.556.874 , daté de 1967, une bande d'acier inoxydable d'aspect mat et lustré. Cette bande est obtenue après laminage à froid, par une étape de recuit brillant et une étape dans laquelle on lamine superficiellement la bande au moyen de cylindres rugueux. L'installation de recuit de ce document est de faible capacité, bien inférieure aux installations de recuit-décapage.Document is also known US 3,556,874 , dated 1967, a strip of stainless steel matte and glossy appearance. This strip is obtained after cold rolling, by a bright annealing step and a step in which the strip is superficially laminated by means of rough rolls. The annealing facility of this document is of low capacity, much lower than the annealing-stripping facilities.

Le document US 6.301.943 , publié le 16 octobre 2001, décrit un procédé de recuit d'une bande d'acier inoxydable, comprenant une étape de polissage et une étape d'impression d'une rugosité en surface. Le document déconseille l'utilisation d'une étape de recuit brillant, à cause d'un manque d'efficacité de celle-ci.The document US 6,301,943 , published Oct. 16, 2001, discloses a method of annealing a stainless steel strip, comprising a polishing step and a step of printing a surface roughness. The document does not recommend the use of a bright annealing step, because of a lack of efficiency thereof.

Le but de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé de recuit qui pallie les inconvénients précités, et notamment s'affranchissant de l'utilisation d'agents chimiques.The object of the present invention is to provide an annealing process which overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks, and in particular overcomes the use of chemical agents.

Un autre but de l'invention est de proposer un procédé de recuit final de bandes d'acier inoxydable, équivalentes aux qualités 2B, autorisant par la suite les opérations d'emboutissage.Another object of the invention is to propose a method of final annealing of stainless steel strips, equivalent to grades 2B, subsequently authorizing stamping operations.

D'autres buts et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront au cours de la description qui va suivre, qui n'est donnée qu'à titre indicatif et qui n'a pas pour but de la limiter.Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the description which follows, which is given for information only and which is not intended to limit it.

L'invention concerne tout d'abord un procédé de recuit d'une bande d'acier inoxydable, ayant préalablement subi au moins une première étape de laminage, dans lequel on effectue, notamment successivement, au moins les étapes suivantes :

  • on chauffe sous une atmosphère réductrice ladite bande d'acier inoxydable par les techniques de chauffage à flux magnétique transverse,
  • on refroidit ladite bande d'acier inoxydable avec la circulation d'un gaz réducteur et on abaisse la température de la bande à une vitesse supérieure ou égale à 100 °C/seconde,
  • on imprime en surface une rugosité à ladite bande d'acier inoxydable, équivalente à la rugosité d'un acier de qualité 2B.
The invention relates first of all to a method of annealing a strip of stainless steel, having previously undergone at least a first rolling step, in which at least the following steps are carried out successively:
  • said stainless steel strip is heated under a reducing atmosphere by means of transverse magnetic flux heating techniques,
  • said stainless steel strip is cooled with the circulation of a reducing gas and the temperature of the strip is lowered at a speed greater than or equal to 100 ° C./second,
  • a surface roughness is imparted to said stainless steel strip, equivalent to the roughness of a steel of quality 2B.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description, accompagnée des dessins en annexe, parmi lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une illustration schématique d'un procédé de laminage à froid comprenant notamment une étape de recuit et de décapage par agent chimique de l'art antérieur,
  • la figure 2 est une illustration schématique d'un procédé de laminage à froid comprenant une étape finale de recuit brillant de l'art antérieur,
  • la figure 3 est une illustration schématique d'un procédé de laminage à froid comprenant un procédé de recuit conforme à l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description, accompanied by the appended drawings, among which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a cold rolling process comprising in particular a prior art chemical annealing and pickling step of the prior art,
  • the figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a cold rolling process comprising a final brilliant annealing step of the prior art,
  • the figure 3 is a schematic illustration of a cold rolling process comprising an annealing method according to the invention.

La figure 1 illustre un procédé de laminage à froid 1, comprenant un procédé de recuit de l'art antérieur, et comprend une première étape 20 de recuit et de décapage par agent chimique. Comme illustrée, la qualité de la bande d'acier inoxydable en sortie de cette étape est dite 2D conformément à la qualification internationale des métaux.The figure 1 illustrates a cold rolling process 1, comprising a prior art annealing process, and comprises a first chemical agent annealing and pickling step. As illustrated, the quality of the stainless steel strip at the output of this step is called 2D in accordance with the international qualification of metals.

La bande d'acier inoxydable subit ensuite une étape de laminage superficiel au moyen notamment de rouleaux poli miroir 21. La qualité de la bande d'acier inoxydable à la sortie de cette étape est dite 2B selon la qualification internationale des métaux.The stainless steel strip is then subjected to a superficial rolling step, in particular by means of mirror polished rollers 21. quality of the stainless steel strip at the exit of this stage is said 2B according to the international qualification of metals.

Le procédé de recuit 20, constitué de l'étape de recuit et décapage, peut constituer un procédé de recuit intermédiaire. En effet, la bande de métal peut suivre une boucle fermée et subir plusieurs passages dans les rouleaux de laminage jusqu'à l'obtention de l'épaisseur de la bande désirée.The annealing process 20, consisting of the annealing and pickling step, may constitute an intermediate annealing process. Indeed, the metal strip can follow a closed loop and undergo several passes in the rolling rolls until the thickness of the desired band.

La figure 2 illustre schématiquement un procédé de laminage à froid comprenant une étape de recuit final de type recuit brillant connu de l'art antérieur. II est à noter que dans le recuit brillant, aucun traitement chimique n'est nécessaire. Avantageusement, le point de rosée dans chaque four de recuit brillant doit être le plus bas possible.The figure 2 schematically illustrates a cold rolling process comprising a final annealing step of bright annealing type known from the prior art. It should be noted that in bright annealing, no chemical treatment is necessary. Advantageously, the dew point in each bright annealing furnace must be as low as possible.

Aujourd'hui, on connaît trois technologies disponibles pour les fours de recuit brillant, toutes présentant une conception verticale :

  • le four en briques chauffé au moyen de résistances électriques : il s'agit d'une conception ancienne présentant une faible flexibilité et un point de rosée élevé. La capacité de ce four atteint au maximum 15 tonnes par heure,
  • les fours de type à moufle chauffés au gaz : il s'agit des fours les plus fiables. Néanmoins, leur capacité est limitée à 10 tonnes par heure en raison de la longueur de leur moufle limitée à 26-27 mètres,
  • les fours mixtes : il s'agit d'une combinaison complexe des deux précédentes conceptions autorisant une capacité maximale de 12 à 13 tonnes par heure.
Today, three technologies are known for bright annealing furnaces, all of which have a vertical design:
  • the brick furnace heated by means of electric resistances: this is an old design with a low flexibility and a high dew point. The capacity of this oven reaches a maximum of 15 tons per hour,
  • Gas-fired muffle furnaces: These are the most reliable furnaces. Nevertheless, their capacity is limited to 10 tonnes per hour because of the length of their muffle limited to 26-27 meters,
  • Mixed ovens: this is a complex combination of the two previous designs allowing a maximum capacity of 12 to 13 tonnes per hour.

On connaît également les fours à chauffage à induction à flux magnétique transverse. Les principaux avantages du chauffage à induction sont leur haut rendement électrique, et une puissance surfacique élevée permettant d'atteindre, le plus rapidement possible, la bonne température dans ladite bande.Induction heating furnaces with transverse magnetic flux are also known. The main advantages of induction heating are their high electrical efficiency, and a high power density to achieve, as quickly as possible, the right temperature in said band.

Selon l'invention, on adapte le principe du recuit brillant à un procédé permettant l'obtention d'un produit équivalent à celui obtenu dans le recuit décapage par agent chimique.According to the invention, the principle of bright annealing is adapted to a process which makes it possible to obtain a product equivalent to that obtained in the Annealing stripping by chemical agent.

L'atmosphère réductrice peut notamment être constituée d'un mélange H2/N2 contenant une proportion maximale de N2 de 25 % ou, à la limite, du pur H2.The reducing atmosphere may especially consist of an H 2 / N 2 mixture containing a maximum proportion of N 2 of 25% or, at the limit, pure H 2 .

On chauffe par les techniques de chauffage par induction à flux magnétique longitudinal ou transverse.It is heated by induction heating techniques with longitudinal or transverse magnetic flux.

L'implantation des sections de chauffage de la bande sera verticale.The location of the heating sections of the strip will be vertical.

On refroidit ladite bande d'acier avec la circulation d'un gaz réducteur.The steel strip is cooled with the circulation of a reducing gas.

Le procédé permettra d'atteindre des capacités de production importante supérieure à 200.000 tonnes/an. Aussi, on mettra en oeuvre un chauffage et un refroidissement rapide, avec des puissances de chauffage de l'ordre du Méga W/m2 et des vitesses de refroidissement de l'ordre de 100 °C/s.The process will achieve significant production capacity exceeding 200,000 tons / year. Also, one will implement a heating and a fast cooling, with heating powers of the Mega W / m 2 order and cooling rates of the order of 100 ° C / s.

Avantageusement, on imprime une rugosité par un laminage superficiel provoquant une très faible élongation de la bande d'acier inoxydable.Advantageously, a roughness is printed by a superficial rolling causing a very slight elongation of the stainless steel strip.

Selon un mode de réalisation, on imprime une rugosité suffisante par laminage superficiel afin de faciliter l'emboutissage de la bande d'acier inoxydable.According to one embodiment, sufficient surface roughness is printed by superficial rolling in order to facilitate the stamping of the stainless steel strip.

Selon l'invention, on imprime une rugosité équivalente à la rugosité d'un acier inoxydable de qualité 2B définie par la qualification internationale des métaux. Cette qualité d'acier peut notamment être obtenue, avec les procédés de recuit de l'art antérieur, par une étape de recuit-décapage auquel on ajoute une étape de laminage superficiel au moyen de rouleaux poli miroir.According to the invention, a roughness equivalent to the roughness of a stainless steel of quality 2B defined by the international qualification of metals is printed. This quality of steel can in particular be obtained, with the annealing processes of the prior art, by an annealing-stripping step to which is added a superficial rolling step by means of mirror polished rollers.

L'invention peut être mise en oeuvre dans un dispositif de recuit pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé, le dispositif comprenant:

  • des moyens 2 pour chauffer sous atmosphère réductrice ladite bande d'acier inoxydable,
  • des moyens 2 pour refroidir ladite bande d'acier inoxydable,
  • des moyens 23 pour imprimer en surface une rugosité à ladite bande d'acier inoxydable.
The invention can be implemented in an annealing device for carrying out the method, the device comprising:
  • means 2 for heating in a reducing atmosphere said stainless steel strip,
  • means 2 for cooling said stainless steel strip,
  • means 23 for surface printing a roughness to said stainless steel strip.

Les moyens pour imprimer en surface une rugosité à ladite bande d'acier inoxydable sont constitués par un dispositif de laminage comprenant au moins une paire de rouleaux à surface rugueuse.The means for surface printing a roughness to said stainless steel strip consist of a rolling device comprising at least one pair of rollers with a rough surface.

Selon un mode de réalisation, les moyens pou chauffer sont constitués par un four vertical 2 présentant des moyens de chauffage à induction.According to one embodiment, the heating means are constituted by a vertical furnace 2 having induction heating means.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le four vertical 2 comprend tout ou partie des éléments suivants :

  • des moyens d'étanchéité d'entrée,
  • des moyens pour le contrôle et la mesure de la tension de la bande d'acier inoxydable,
  • des moyens d'actionnement pour réguler la tension de la bande d'acier inoxydable,
  • des moyens de chauffage à induction à flux magnétique transverse,
  • des moyens de refroidissement,
  • des moyens d'étanchéité de sortie.
According to one embodiment, the vertical oven 2 comprises all or part of the following elements:
  • inlet sealing means,
  • means for controlling and measuring the tension of the stainless steel strip,
  • actuating means for regulating the tension of the stainless steel strip,
  • transverse magnetic flux induction heating means,
  • cooling means,
  • outlet sealing means.

Les moyens de chauffage à induction peuvent être constitués avantageusement de deux bobines parallèles à ladite bande d'acier et aptes à engendrer un champ magnétique transverse à ladite bande. Ils permettent d'amener la bande d'acier inoxydable à une température jusqu'à 1.200 °C.The induction heating means may advantageously consist of two coils parallel to said steel strip and capable of generating a magnetic field transverse to said strip. They allow to bring the stainless steel strip to a temperature up to 1,200 ° C.

Les moyens de refroidissement permettent d'accélérer la chute de température de ladite bande. Ces moyens de refroidissement prennent la forme de moyens de circulation de gaz. Avantageusement, le gaz de refroidissement circulant est non oxydant.The cooling means make it possible to accelerate the temperature drop of said strip. These cooling means take the form of gas circulation means. Advantageously, the circulating cooling gas is non-oxidizing.

Les moyens de refroidissement permettent une chute de température à une vitesse supérieure ou égale à 100 °C/s.The cooling means allow a temperature drop at a speed greater than or equal to 100 ° C / s.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif peut présenter en outre des moyens de mesure de la rugosité de la bande d'acier inoxydable et/ou des moyens d'actionnement aptes à contrôler la pression des rouleaux à surface rugueuse.According to one embodiment, the device may furthermore comprise means for measuring the roughness of the stainless steel strip and / or actuating means able to control the pressure of the rough surface rollers.

Telle qu'illustrée à la figure 3, une installation de laminage comprend des rouleaux de laminage à froid 1 et un dispositif de recuit conforme à l'invention, composé d'un four vertical à induction transverse 2 et d'un dispositif de laminage superficiel comprenant au moins une paire de rouleaux 23 à surface rugueuse.As illustrated in figure 3 , a rolling installation comprises cold rolling rolls 1 and an annealing device according to the invention, consisting of a transverse induction vertical furnace 2 and a surface rolling device comprising at least one pair of rollers 23 with a rough surface.

Avantageusement, le dispositif de recuit est situé en aval desdits rouleaux de laminage 1. La bande d'acier inoxydable peut également parcourir un circuit fermé 22' permettant plusieurs séquences de passage de ladite bande entre les rouleaux de laminage 1.Advantageously, the annealing device is located downstream of said rolling rolls 1. The stainless steel strip can also traverse a closed circuit 22 'allowing several sequences of passage of said strip between the rolling rolls 1.

Après passage entre les rouleaux à surface rugueuse 23, la qualité de ladite bande d'acier inoxydable est dite 2B+ (d'une qualité équivalente à la qualité 2B traditionnellement obtenue avec un procédé de recuit décapage).After passing between the rollers with rough surface 23, the quality of said stainless steel strip is called 2B + (of a quality equivalent to the quality 2B traditionally obtained with a pickling annealing process).

Le procédé de recuit trouvera une application particulière dans un procédé de laminage comme procédé de recuit intermédiaire destiné à adoucir la matière et retrouver une ductilité de ladite bande d'acier inoxydable.The annealing process will find particular application in a rolling method as an intermediate annealing method for softening the material and recovering ductility of said stainless steel strip.

Le procédé de recuit trouvera une autre application dans un procédé de laminage comme procédé de recuit final. Il sera notamment utilisé comme procédé de recuit final pour des bandes d'acier inoxydables destinées à être embouties. Les aciers inoxydable concernés par ce procédé de recuit seront notamment de deux types à savoir AISI 300 ou AISI 400.The annealing process will find another application in a rolling process as a final annealing process. It will be used in particular as a final annealing process for stainless steel strips to be stamped. The stainless steels concerned by this annealing process will in particular be of two types, namely AISI 300 or AISI 400.

La principale différence entre un acier inoxydable AISI 300 de qualité 2B obtenu par le procédé de recuit et décapage traditionnel et l'acier inoxydable AISI 300 de qualité 2B+ sera son apparence blanc laiteux dans le cas du 2B qui sera grise non polie dans le cas du 2B+.The main difference between a quality 2B AISI 300 stainless steel obtained by the traditional annealing and pickling process and AISI 300 grade 2B + stainless steel will be its milky white appearance in the case of 2B which will be gray unpolished in the case 2B + .

Le procédé de recuit conforme à l'invention permet de disposer d'une vitesse importante d'élévation en température et d'un rendement énergétique élevé.The annealing method according to the invention makes it possible to have a high rate of temperature increase and a high energy yield.

Le procédé conforme à l'invention permet d'éviter d'utiliser des agents chimiques polluants. C'est pourquoi ce procédé de recuit peut être avantageux sur un plan écologique.The process according to the invention makes it possible to avoid the use of polluting chemical agents. This is why this annealing process can be advantageous on an ecological level.

Avantageusement, une même installation de laminage peut être modulable et pourra être équipée, selon l'utilisation, de rouleaux rugueux ou de rouleaux poli miroir. Ainsi, les rouleaux seront démontables pour être changés selon l'utilisation.Advantageously, the same rolling plant may be flexible and may be equipped, depending on use, rough rolls or mirror polished rollers. Thus, the rollers will be removable to be changed according to use.

Ainsi, telle qu'illustrée à la figure 3, l'installation est équipée d'un dispositif de laminage superficiel comprenant au moins une paire de rouleaux 23 à surface rugueuse qui permet en sortie 23' d'obtenir une bande d'acier inoxydable de qualité 2B+.Thus, as illustrated in figure 3 , the plant is equipped with a surface rolling device comprising at least one pair of rollers 23 with a rough surface which makes it possible, at the outlet 23 ', to obtain a strip of stainless steel of quality 2B + .

Si l'on désire obtenir, en sortie 21', une qualité d'acier BA, les rouleaux à surface rugueuse 23 peuvent être remplacés par des rouleaux poli miroir 21.If it is desired to obtain, at exit 21 ', a grade of steel BA, the rollers with rough surface 23 can be replaced by mirror polished rollers 21.

Par ailleurs, dans le cas où le recuit n'est qu'intermédiaire et que la bande d'acier suit une boucle fermée 22' pour être soumise à une nouvelle séquence de laminage 1, la bande d'acier peut ne pas subir de laminage superficiel et notamment les rouleaux à surface rugueuse 23 ou encore les rouleaux poli miroir 21 peuvent être simplement ouverts.On the other hand, in the case where the annealing is only intermediate and the steel strip follows a closed loop 22 'to be subjected to a new rolling sequence 1, the steel strip may not undergo rolling. surface and in particular the rough surface rollers 23 or mirror polished rollers 21 may simply be open.

Claims (1)

  1. A method of annealing (4) of a stainless steel band, having been subjected previously to at least one first rolling step (1), wherein at least the following steps are carried out:
    - said stainless steel strip is heated (2) under reducing atmosphere by transversal magnetic flow induction heating techniques,
    - said stainless steel strip is cooled down (2) with the circulation of a reductive gas and the temperature of the strip is lowered at a velocity greater than or equal to 100 °C/second,
    - the surface of said stainless steel strip is given (23) a roughness equivalent to that of a 2B-grade steel.
EP05370037A 2004-12-13 2005-11-23 Process and device for the rolling and annealing of a stainless steel sheet Active EP1669465B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR0413221A FR2879216B1 (en) 2004-12-13 2004-12-13 METHOD FOR REINFORCING A STAINLESS STEEL STRIP

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DE102008010062A1 (en) * 2007-06-22 2008-12-24 Sms Demag Ag Process for hot rolling and heat treatment of a strip of steel
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US3556874A (en) * 1967-08-01 1971-01-19 Republic Steel Corp Metal articles with controlled finish
JPS60177137A (en) * 1984-02-22 1985-09-11 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd Annealing and pickling installation for stainless steel strip
CA2097900C (en) * 1992-06-08 1997-09-16 Saiji Matsuoka High-strength cold-rolled steel sheet excelling in deep drawability and method of producing the same
JP3241495B2 (en) * 1993-07-15 2001-12-25 川崎製鉄株式会社 Manufacturing method of ferritic stainless steel sheet with excellent gloss
FR2753989B1 (en) * 1996-10-02 1999-12-24 Steel Authority Of India Limit IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PRODUCING TWO-PHASE FERRITIC STAINLESS STEEL HAVING HIGH FORMATABILITY AND CONTAINING 17% CHROMIUM
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JP2001020045A (en) * 1999-07-07 2001-01-23 Nippon Steel Corp Stainless steel sheet stock and its production
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JP2006142343A (en) * 2004-11-22 2006-06-08 Jfe Steel Kk METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING Mo-ADDED FERRITIC STAINLESS STEEL SHEET EXCELLENT IN ANTIDAZZLE CHARACTERISTIC

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CN100513591C (en) 2009-07-15
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US20060124210A1 (en) 2006-06-15
JP2006176877A (en) 2006-07-06
EP1669465A2 (en) 2006-06-14
ATE429520T1 (en) 2009-05-15
DE602005014069D1 (en) 2009-06-04
FR2879216A1 (en) 2006-06-16
CN1800420A (en) 2006-07-12
FR2879216B1 (en) 2007-04-20

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