EP1668430B1 - Escape wheel - Google Patents

Escape wheel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1668430B1
EP1668430B1 EP04761902A EP04761902A EP1668430B1 EP 1668430 B1 EP1668430 B1 EP 1668430B1 EP 04761902 A EP04761902 A EP 04761902A EP 04761902 A EP04761902 A EP 04761902A EP 1668430 B1 EP1668430 B1 EP 1668430B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wheel
finger
thickness
threshold
teeth
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Not-in-force
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EP04761902A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1668430A1 (en
Inventor
Willy Meier
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Eterna AG Uhrenfabrik
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Eterna AG Uhrenfabrik
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Priority to EP04761902A priority Critical patent/EP1668430B1/en
Publication of EP1668430A1 publication Critical patent/EP1668430A1/en
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Publication of EP1668430B1 publication Critical patent/EP1668430B1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/15—Intermittent grip type mechanical movement
    • Y10T74/1502—Escapement

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of mechanical watchmaking. It relates, more particularly, a wheel of an exhaust mechanism of the type receiving energy from a mainspring and driving a rocker by means of an anchor provided with pallets.
  • the escape wheel is provided with teeth arranged to cooperate with the pallets of the anchor.
  • the problem of lubrication is particularly difficult to solve. Indeed, the oil used must be stable, especially withstand oxidation and temperature differences and, especially, stay on the contact area without spreading on the wheel. Indeed, the forces involved are very small, it is necessary that the oil is fluid. However, shocks during pulses are important. There is therefore a significant risk that the oil disperses and spreads on the wheel, or even in the gears, which is very detrimental.
  • each tooth of the escape wheel has a portion whose thickness is less than that of the escape wheel, the boundary between these two parts forming an oiler with the thin portion of the tooth.
  • the present invention aims to improve the constituency of the lubricant to the contact area of the escape wheel and pallets of the anchor and, above all, to simplify the realization of the wheel.
  • the invention relates to an escape wheel whose direction of rotation defines an upstream direction and a downstream direction, intended to take place in an exhaust mechanism and formed of a hub, a mounted serge on the hub and teeth arranged radially on said serge, said teeth having a root terminated by a finger, the finger having a first portion of thickness E located on the side of the serge and a second portion, of lower thickness e , located on the side of the end of the finger, the border between these two parts defining a threshold which forms an oiler, with the face of the second part which is adjacent thereto.
  • the wall of the oiler that forms said threshold is concave.
  • an escape wheel 10 formed of a hub 12, four arms 14 coplanar and of the same length and arranged orthogonally on the hub 12, a serge 16 held by the arms 14 and teeth 18, typically twenty in number , located on the periphery of the wheel, in the continuity of the serge 16.
  • the dimensions of the wheel vary according to the caliber in which it is used.
  • the escape wheel illustrated on the figure 2 works by turning in a clockwise direction. This direction of rotation defines, for each tooth, an upstream facing side of the wheel and a downstream side.
  • the teeth 18 have a triangular root 20 ( figure 3a ) whose end is truncated and replaced by a finger 22 formed of a base 23 and a spout 24. More specifically, the spout 24 has, on the upstream side, a portion 25 aligned with the edge of the base 23 and on the downstream side, a bevel 26 extending through a straight portion 28 parallel to the portion 25.
  • the finger 22 has a first portion 22a located on the side of the serge 16 and the same thickness as it, and a second portion 22b, of lower thickness, located on the side of the end of the finger.
  • the boundary between these two parts defines a threshold 22c.
  • the thickness of the portion 22a is 0.15 mm, that of the portion 22b is 0.08 mm.
  • the second part 22b and the threshold 22c form a limited space ensuring a function of oiler.
  • the space intended to ensure the retention of the oil is well defined.
  • the quantity of lubricant available can thus be increased without risk of contamination.
  • this space retains the lubricant during the impact of the escape wheel against the pallet at the end of the impulse.
  • the threshold 22c forms a concave wall which connects, in a quarter-circle, a point A situated downstream side, at the junction of the base 23 and the bevel 26, and a point B located upstream of the base 23 .
  • the threshold 22c is parallel to the end of the tooth 18 and passes through a point C located on the bevel 26.
  • the threshold 22c connects a point D located on the upstream side on the base 23, and a point E located on the downstream side along a line substantially tangential to a circle passing through the center of the wheel.
  • the figure 6 shows a fourth variant, subject of the invention, in which the threshold 22c defines a concave space which connects a point F situated at the junction of the base 23 and the bevel 26, and a point G situated at the same distance of the end of the finger 22 as the point F.
  • figure 7 illustrates yet another variant of the invention.
  • the threshold 22c connects a point H located at the junction of the bevel 26 and the right portion 28 which terminates the spout 24, and a point I located at the same distance from the end of the finger 22 as the point H. Between these two points, the threshold 22c forms three concave waves and shares the width of the finger 22 in three identical housings.
  • the wall formed by the threshold 22c thus has continuity solutions, which further improve the retention of the oil.
  • the lubricant deposited on the lower part 22b of the finger 22 has a surface tension such that it can spread over the end of the spout 24, particularly on the zone of contact with the pallets of the anchor, while the height and the shape of the threshold 22c prevents it from spreading on the escape wheel and in the movement of the watch.
  • the lower part 22a and the threshold 22c thus form an oiler, an integral part of each of the teeth of the wheel 10.
  • the lower thickness portion 22b may further include a cavity or appendage such as a pin or pin.
  • Such an escape wheel can be manufactured in a particularly simple, reliable and precise manner, for example by electroforming.

Abstract

The wheel has a finger (22) comprising a part (22a) situated at side of a felloe and a part (22b) situated at end side of the finger that terminates stem of teeth (18) arranged on the felloe. The part (22b) has a thickness equal to half of thickness of the part (22a). A boundary between the parts defines a sill (22c) forming a concave wall. The part (22b) and the sill form a limited space assuring a cruet function.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte au domaine de l'horlogerie mécanique. Elle concerne, plus particulièrement, une roue d'un mécanisme d'échappement du type recevant de l'énergie d'un ressort-moteur et entraînant un balancier au moyen d'une ancre munie de palettes. La roue d'échappement est munie de dents agencées pour coopérer avec les palettes de l'ancre.The present invention relates to the field of mechanical watchmaking. It relates, more particularly, a wheel of an exhaust mechanism of the type receiving energy from a mainspring and driving a rocker by means of an anchor provided with pallets. The escape wheel is provided with teeth arranged to cooperate with the pallets of the anchor.

L'interaction entre les palettes et les dents de la roue d'échappement engendre des frottements. Sans lubrification de la zone de contact entre ces pièces, celles-ci s'usent prématurément. De plus, le rendement de l'échappement en est sensiblement affecté.The interaction between the vanes and the teeth of the escape wheel causes friction. Without lubrication of the contact area between these parts, they wear prematurely. In addition, the efficiency of the exhaust is substantially affected.

Le problème de la lubrification est particulièrement difficile à résoudre. En effet, l'huile utilisée doit être stable, notamment résister à l'oxydation et aux écarts de température et, surtout, rester sur la zone de contact sans se répandre sur la roue. En effet, les forces en jeu étant très faibles, il est nécessaire que l'huile soit fluide. Or, les chocs lors des impulsions sont importants. Il y a donc un important risque que l'huile se disperse et se répande sur la roue, voire jusque dans les engrenages, ce qui est fort préjudiciable.The problem of lubrication is particularly difficult to solve. Indeed, the oil used must be stable, especially withstand oxidation and temperature differences and, especially, stay on the contact area without spreading on the wheel. Indeed, the forces involved are very small, it is necessary that the oil is fluid. However, shocks during pulses are important. There is therefore a significant risk that the oil disperses and spreads on the wheel, or even in the gears, which is very detrimental.

Une des solutions habituellement utilisée pour résoudre ce problème est présentée sur les figures 1a et 1 b. Les dents 6 de la roue d'échappement se terminent en un plan biseauté 8 formant un angle obtus avec le plan de la roue. L'huile déposée sur le plan 8 y adhère et s'étale, grâce à des phénomènes de tension de surface, sur l'extrémité 9 de la dent qui définit la zone de contact avec les palettes de l'ancre.One of the solutions usually used to solve this problem is presented on Figures 1a and 1 b. The teeth 6 of the escape wheel end in a beveled plane 8 forming an obtuse angle with the plane of the wheel. The oil deposited on the plane 8 adheres to it and spreads, thanks to surface tension phenomena, on the end 9 of the tooth which defines the zone of contact with the pallets of the anchor.

Dans la solution divulguée dans le document CH 281 799 , l'extrémité de chaque dent de la roue d'échappement comporte une partie dont l'épaisseur est inférieure à celle de la roue d'échappement, la frontière entre ces deux parties formant un huilier avec la partie fine de la dent.In the solution disclosed in the document CH 281 799 , the end of each tooth of the escape wheel has a portion whose thickness is less than that of the escape wheel, the boundary between these two parts forming an oiler with the thin portion of the tooth.

La présente invention a pour but d'améliorer la circonscription du lubrifiant à la zone de contact de la roue d'échappement et des palettes de l'ancre et, surtout, de simplifier la réalisation de la roue.The present invention aims to improve the constituency of the lubricant to the contact area of the escape wheel and pallets of the anchor and, above all, to simplify the realization of the wheel.

De façon plus précise, l'invention concerne une roue d'échappement dont le sens de rotation définit une direction amont et une direction aval, destinée à prendre place dans un mécanisme d'échappement et formée d'un moyeu, d'une serge montée sur le moyeu et de dents disposées radialement sur ladite serge, lesdites dents présentant une racine terminée par un doigt, le doigt comportant une première partie d'épaisseur E située du côté de la serge et une deuxième partie, d'épaisseur e inférieure, située du côté de l'extrémité du doigt, la frontière entre ces deux parties définissant un seuil qui forme un huilier, avec la face de la deuxième partie qui lui est attenante.More specifically, the invention relates to an escape wheel whose direction of rotation defines an upstream direction and a downstream direction, intended to take place in an exhaust mechanism and formed of a hub, a mounted serge on the hub and teeth arranged radially on said serge, said teeth having a root terminated by a finger, the finger having a first portion of thickness E located on the side of the serge and a second portion, of lower thickness e , located on the side of the end of the finger, the border between these two parts defining a threshold which forms an oiler, with the face of the second part which is adjacent thereto.

Selon l'invention, la paroi du huilier que forme ledit seuil est concave.According to the invention, the wall of the oiler that forms said threshold is concave.

La roue présente encore l'une ou l'autre des caractéristiques suivantes :

  • la paroi du huilier présente des solutions de continuité,
  • la deuxième partie comporte une cavité pratiquée dans son épaisseur, et
  • la deuxième partie porte un appendice s'étendant dans l'épaisseur de la roue.
The wheel still has one or more of the following characteristics:
  • the wall of the oiler presents solutions of continuity,
  • the second part has a cavity made in its thickness, and
  • the second part carries an appendage extending in the thickness of the wheel.

D'autres caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description qui suit, faite en référence au dessin annexé dans lequel :

  • la figure 2 est une vue de dessus d'une roue d'échappement, et
  • les figures 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6 et 7 sont des vues agrandies de dents de la roue d'échappement selon différentes variantes, seules les figures 6 et 7 montrant des modes de réalisation de l'invention, les figures 3a, 3b, 4 et 5 montrant les variantes qui ne font pas partie de l'invention et qui sont données à titre d'information technique.
Other features of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the description which follows, made with reference to the appended drawing in which:
  • the figure 2 is a top view of an escape wheel, and
  • the Figures 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are enlarged views of teeth of the escape wheel according to different variants, only the Figures 6 and 7 showing embodiments of the invention, the Figures 3a, 3b, 4 and 5 showing the variants which are not part of the invention and which are given as technical information.

On a représenté sur la figure 2 une roue d'échappement 10 formée d'un moyeu 12, de quatre bras 14 coplanaires et de même longueur et disposés orthogonalement sur le moyeu 12, d'une serge 16 tenue par les bras 14 et de dents 18, typiquement au nombre de vingt, situées à la périphérie de la roue, dans la continuité de la serge 16. Les dimensions de la roue varient selon le calibre dans lequel elle est utilisée.We have shown on the figure 2 an escape wheel 10 formed of a hub 12, four arms 14 coplanar and of the same length and arranged orthogonally on the hub 12, a serge 16 held by the arms 14 and teeth 18, typically twenty in number , located on the periphery of the wheel, in the continuity of the serge 16. The dimensions of the wheel vary according to the caliber in which it is used.

La roue d'échappement illustrée sur la figure 2 travaille en tournant dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre. Ce sens de rotation définit, pour chaque dent, un côté amont orienté vers l'avancé de la roue et un côté aval.The escape wheel illustrated on the figure 2 works by turning in a clockwise direction. This direction of rotation defines, for each tooth, an upstream facing side of the wheel and a downstream side.

Dans un mécanisme d'échappement à ancre suisse qui est, de loin, le plus largement utilisé, les dents 18 présentent une racine triangulaire 20 (figure 3a) dont l'extrémité est tronquée et remplacée par un doigt 22 formé d'une base 23 et d'un bec 24. Plus précisément, le bec 24 présente, du côté amont, une partie 25 alignée avec le bord de la base 23 et, du côté aval, un biseau 26 se prolongeant par une partie droite 28, parallèle à la partie 25.In a Swiss lever escapement mechanism which is by far the most widely used, the teeth 18 have a triangular root 20 ( figure 3a ) whose end is truncated and replaced by a finger 22 formed of a base 23 and a spout 24. More specifically, the spout 24 has, on the upstream side, a portion 25 aligned with the edge of the base 23 and on the downstream side, a bevel 26 extending through a straight portion 28 parallel to the portion 25.

Comme le montre la figure 3b, le doigt 22 comporte une première partie 22a située du côté de la serge 16 et de même épaisseur qu'elle, et une deuxième partie 22b, d'épaisseur inférieure, située du côté de l'extrémité du doigt. La frontière entre ces deux parties définit un seuil 22c. Typiquement, l'épaisseur de la partie 22a est de 0,15 mm, celle de la partie 22b est de 0.08mm.As shown in figure 3b , the finger 22 has a first portion 22a located on the side of the serge 16 and the same thickness as it, and a second portion 22b, of lower thickness, located on the side of the end of the finger. The boundary between these two parts defines a threshold 22c. Typically, the thickness of the portion 22a is 0.15 mm, that of the portion 22b is 0.08 mm.

La deuxième partie 22b et le seuil 22c forment un espace limité assurant une fonction d'huilier. De la sorte, l'espace destiné à assurer la rétention de l'huile est bien défini. La quantité de lubrifiant disponible peut ainsi être augmentée sans risque de contamination. De plus, cet espace retient le lubrifiant lors du choc de la roue d'échappement contre la palette, en fin d'impulsion.The second part 22b and the threshold 22c form a limited space ensuring a function of oiler. In this way, the space intended to ensure the retention of the oil is well defined. The quantity of lubricant available can thus be increased without risk of contamination. In addition, this space retains the lubricant during the impact of the escape wheel against the pallet at the end of the impulse.

Les variantes suivantes, décrites en référence aux figures 3, 4 et 5 ne font pas partie de l'invention couverte par les revendications et ne sont données qu'à titre d'information technique. Dans une première variante illustrée sur la figure 3, le seuil 22c forme une paroi concave qui relie, selon une courbe en quart de cercle, un point A situé, côté aval, à la jonction de la base 23 et du biseau 26, et un point B situé côté amont de la base 23.The following variants, described with reference to Figures 3, 4 and 5 are not part of the invention covered by the claims and are given for technical information only. In a first variant illustrated on the figure 3 , the threshold 22c forms a concave wall which connects, in a quarter-circle, a point A situated downstream side, at the junction of the base 23 and the bevel 26, and a point B located upstream of the base 23 .

Dans une deuxième variante présentée à la figure 4, le seuil 22c est parallèle à l'extrémité de la dent 18 et passe par un point C situé sur le biseau 26. Selon une troisième variante (figure 5), le seuil 22c relie un point D situé du côté amont sur la base 23, et un point E situé du côté aval selon une ligne sensiblement tangente à un cercle passant par le centre de la roue.In a second variant presented to figure 4 , the threshold 22c is parallel to the end of the tooth 18 and passes through a point C located on the bevel 26. According to a third variant ( figure 5 ), the threshold 22c connects a point D located on the upstream side on the base 23, and a point E located on the downstream side along a line substantially tangential to a circle passing through the center of the wheel.

La figure 6 montre une quatrième variante, faisant l'objet de l'invention, dans laquelle le seuil 22c définit un espace concave qui relie un point F situé à la jonction de la base 23 et du biseau 26, et un point G situé à la même distance de l'extrémité du doigt 22 que le point F. The figure 6 shows a fourth variant, subject of the invention, in which the threshold 22c defines a concave space which connects a point F situated at the junction of the base 23 and the bevel 26, and a point G situated at the same distance of the end of the finger 22 as the point F.

Enfin, la figure 7 illustre encore une autre variante de l'invention. Le seuil 22c relie un point H situé à la jonction du biseau 26 et de la partie droite 28 qui termine le bec 24, et un point I situé à la même distance de l'extrémité du doigt 22 que le point H. Entre ces deux points, le seuil 22c forme trois vagues concaves et partage la largeur du doigt 22 en trois logements identiques. La paroi formée par le seuil 22c présente ainsi des solutions de continuité, qui améliorent encore la rétention de l'huile.Finally, figure 7 illustrates yet another variant of the invention. The threshold 22c connects a point H located at the junction of the bevel 26 and the right portion 28 which terminates the spout 24, and a point I located at the same distance from the end of the finger 22 as the point H. Between these two points, the threshold 22c forms three concave waves and shares the width of the finger 22 in three identical housings. The wall formed by the threshold 22c thus has continuity solutions, which further improve the retention of the oil.

Pour assurer la lubrification de l'échappement, on place généralement une goutte d'huile sur le plan d'impulsion de la palette d'entrée de l'ancre, cette dernière étant arrêtée. Lorsque l'échappement se met à fonctionner, une partie de l'huile est transférée de la palette sur chacune des dents de la roue, et de là sur la palette de sortie. Très rapidement, l'huile se répartit donc de manière régulière entre les différentes parties de l'échappement.To ensure the lubrication of the exhaust, a drop of oil is usually placed on the pulse plane of the pallet entry of the anchor, the latter being stopped. When the exhaust starts to work, some of the oil is transferred from the pallet to each of the teeth of the wheel, and from there to the pallet outlet. Very quickly, the oil is distributed evenly between the different parts of the exhaust.

Le lubrifiant déposé sur la partie inférieure 22b du doigt 22 a une tension de surface telle qu'il peut s'étaler sur l'extrémité du bec 24, particulièrement sur la zone de contact avec les palettes de l'ancre, alors que la hauteur et la forme du seuil 22c l'empêchent de se répandre sur la roue d'échappement et dans le mouvement de la montre. La partie inférieure 22a et le seuil 22c forment ainsi un huilier, partie intégrante de chacune des dents de la roue 10.The lubricant deposited on the lower part 22b of the finger 22 has a surface tension such that it can spread over the end of the spout 24, particularly on the zone of contact with the pallets of the anchor, while the height and the shape of the threshold 22c prevents it from spreading on the escape wheel and in the movement of the watch. The lower part 22a and the threshold 22c thus form an oiler, an integral part of each of the teeth of the wheel 10.

De manière à encore augmenter la surface de rétention du lubrifiant, la partie d'épaisseur inférieure 22b peut encore comporter une cavité ou un appendice tel qu'un tenon ou une goupille.In order to further increase the lubricant retention area, the lower thickness portion 22b may further include a cavity or appendage such as a pin or pin.

Bien entendu, les exemples qui viennent d'être donnés ne limitent pas la portée de l'invention comme définie par les revendications, et le seuil 22c peut être réalisé de nombreuses autres manières.Of course, the examples which have just been given do not limit the scope of the invention as defined by the claims, and the threshold 22c can be achieved in many other ways.

Une telle roue d'échappement peut être fabriquée de manière particulièrement simple, fiable et précise, par exemple par électroformage.Such an escape wheel can be manufactured in a particularly simple, reliable and precise manner, for example by electroforming.

Claims (4)

  1. An escape wheel (10), the sense of rotation of which defining an upstream and a downstream direction, designed to be placed into an escape mechanism and made from a hub (12), a felloe mounted on the hub, and teeth (18) arranged radially on said felloe, said teeth having a root (20) ending in a finger (22), said finger (22) comprising a first part (22a) having a thickness E, located on the side of the felloe (16), and a second part (22b), having a smaller thickness e, located on the side of the end of the finger, the limit between these two parts defining a threshold (22c) forming an oil-sink, with the face of the second part adjacent thereto,
    characterized in that the wall of the oil-sink formed by said threshold is concave.
  2. The wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that said wall has continuity solutions.
  3. The wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that said second part (22b) comprises a cavity made in the thickness thereof.
  4. The wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that said second part bears an appendix extending in the thickness of the wheel.
EP04761902A 2003-09-22 2004-09-08 Escape wheel Not-in-force EP1668430B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04761902A EP1668430B1 (en) 2003-09-22 2004-09-08 Escape wheel

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03405690A EP1517198A1 (en) 2003-09-22 2003-09-22 Escapement wheel
EP04761902A EP1668430B1 (en) 2003-09-22 2004-09-08 Escape wheel
PCT/CH2004/000562 WO2005029203A1 (en) 2003-09-22 2004-09-08 Escape wheel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1668430A1 EP1668430A1 (en) 2006-06-14
EP1668430B1 true EP1668430B1 (en) 2010-08-11

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03405690A Withdrawn EP1517198A1 (en) 2003-09-22 2003-09-22 Escapement wheel
EP04761902A Not-in-force EP1668430B1 (en) 2003-09-22 2004-09-08 Escape wheel

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EP03405690A Withdrawn EP1517198A1 (en) 2003-09-22 2003-09-22 Escapement wheel

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US (1) US20070251340A1 (en)
EP (2) EP1517198A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2007506073A (en)
CN (1) CN1856749A (en)
AT (1) ATE477519T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602004028637D1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005029203A1 (en)

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EP2887157B1 (en) * 2013-12-23 2018-02-07 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. Optimised escapement
JP6282884B2 (en) * 2014-02-17 2018-02-21 セイコーインスツル株式会社 Escape wheel, movement and watch
JP6355358B2 (en) * 2014-02-17 2018-07-11 セイコーインスツル株式会社 Escape wheel, movement and watch
EP3547040B1 (en) * 2018-03-29 2021-03-10 Rolex Sa Wheel for a clock movement
EP4113214A1 (en) * 2021-07-02 2023-01-04 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Escape wheel, tool for the production of an escape wheel and method for manufacturing an escape wheel

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DE1192984B (en) * 1961-11-09 1965-05-13 Far Fab Assortiments Reunies Escape wheel designed for a clockwork
CH1713666A4 (en) * 1966-11-28 1968-09-13 Enicar S A Anchor escapement for timepiece
JPS5027128B1 (en) * 1970-03-23 1975-09-05

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US20070251340A1 (en) 2007-11-01
JP2007506073A (en) 2007-03-15
DE602004028637D1 (en) 2010-09-23
EP1668430A1 (en) 2006-06-14
EP1517198A1 (en) 2005-03-23
WO2005029203A1 (en) 2005-03-31
ATE477519T1 (en) 2010-08-15
CN1856749A (en) 2006-11-01

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