Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
  • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
  • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
  • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
  • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
  • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
  • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
  • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
  • F28F1/126—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element consisting of zig-zag shaped fins
  • F28F1/128—Fins with openings, e.g. louvered fins
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
  • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
  • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
  • F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
  • F28F9/0221—Header boxes or end plates formed by stacked elements
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
  • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
  • F28D2001/0253—Particular components
  • F28D2001/026—Cores
  • F28D2001/0273—Cores having special shape, e.g. curved, annular

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of heat exchangers, in particular for motor vehicles.
• a heat exchanger comprising a bundle of tubes, each tube being defined by a longitudinal axis, and at least one manifold into which the tubes of the bundle open.
• Such heat exchangers find numerous applications for effecting heat exchange between different types of fluids (gas, liquid, multi-phase fluid). They are used in particular in motor vehicles to constitute, for example, an engine cooling radiator, a cabin heating radiator, an oil cooling radiator, an air conditioning condenser, an air conditioning evaporator, etc. .
• secondary heat exchange surfaces are associated with the bundle tubes.
• these exchange surfaces are generally constituted by corrugated spacers which are arranged each time between two contiguous tubes of the bundle.
• the object of the invention is in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
• the invention provides a heat exchanger of the type defined in the introduction, in which the collecting box (es) comprise at least one curved zone, preferably each collecting box is made in several parts, each 'being curved substantially according to the same radius (s) of bending.
• the bending is carried out in the direction of the manifolds, the tubes not undergoing deformation.
• a curved heat exchanger capable of adapting to different types of configuration, in particular those in which the circulation of the fluid takes place in vertical tubes arranged between horizontal manifolds. It follows that these manifolds can have a curved shape which is particularly suitable for motor vehicles whose front face has an arcuate or curved shape.
• the longitudinal axes of the tubes are mutually parallel.
• the invention preferably applies to heat exchangers of the brazed type, but it can also be applied to other types of heat exchangers, in particular heat exchangers with mechanical assembly.
• each of the manifolds comprises at least one side wall having deformation zones allowing a deformation by compression or extension of the side wall. Compression deformation results in shrinking of the material, while extension deformation results in stretching of the material from which the side wall is formed.
• the invention applies to different types of manifolds.
• each of the manifolds has a U-shaped section with a bottom wall provided with openings for receiving the tubes and two side walls attached to the> bottom wall, these zones of deformation are preferably formed in at least one of the side walls.
• one of the side walls which can also be called “concave wall”
• inner wall which can also be called “concave wall”
• compression deformation zones can be produced in particular in the form of cups.
• one of the side walls which can also be called “convex wall” undergoes an extension during bending. It is advantageous then that the deformation zones are stretch deformation zones. These stretch deformation zones can be produced, for example, in the form of bellows.
• deformation zones are provided in the bottom wall, between the openings for receiving the tubes.
• the areas immediately surrounding the openings of the tubes are not affected during bending.
• the invention can also be applied to other types of manifolds, in particular to manifolds formed by successions of ends for receiving tubes.
• the deformation zones are formed in the bosses which form the side walls.
• the invention applies very particularly to heat exchangers in which corrugated spacers are arranged between the tubes, these spacers comprising substantially straight portions alternating with bent portions.
• the bent parts are arranged to absorb deformations resulting from the bending of the beam.
• these bent parts usually have a circular arc shape with a predefined initial radius, it will be understood that the radius of these bent parts will undergo a modification during the bending of the heat exchanger. This modification will result either in a decrease in the radius on the side of the inner face or concave face, or on the contrary by an increase in the radius on the side of the outer face or convex face.
• the invention in another aspect, relates to a method of manufacturing a heat exchanger as defined above, in which a heat exchanger is provided, comprising a bundle of tubes and at least one manifold having a configuration generally plane, which includes a bending operation of the collector box (es).
• the bending is carried out on a flat heat exchanger, initially brazed.
• the bending must be carried out gradually to bend the manifold (s), while the bundle tubes preferably remain substantially parallel to each other.
• the bending operation is carried out by means of rollers having respective axes parallel to the longitudinal axes of the tubes.
• the bending operation c) is carried out by means of a mobile press cooperating with mobile supports with variable spacing.
• this bending operation is carried out with a press having a shaped face, arranged to be applied against a first face of the heat exchanger which must be brought to a concave shape, and with two support rollers, arranged to be applied against a second face of one heat exchanger which must be brought to a convex shape.
• the two support rollers have respective axes parallel to each other and to the longitudinal axes of the bundle tubes and they are progressively spaced from each other as the press is moved towards the first face of the exchanger. heat.
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a brazed heat exchanger, curved structure, according to the invention, wherein the manifolds are of the U-type;
• Figure 2 is a partial perspective view of one heat exchanger of Figure 1, illustrating the mounting of a cover on the manifold, before brazing and before bending;
• FIG. 3 is a top view of the U-shaped manifold before bending
• Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 3 after bending (the cover of the manifold being removed);
• Figure 5 is a perspective view of the manifold of Figures 3 and 4, once bent (the cover of the manifold being removed);
• FIG. 7 is a partial perspective view of another manifold with U-section before bending
• FIG. 8 is a top view of the manifold of Figure 7 before bending
• Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 8 after bending the manifold
• FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the manifold of Figures 7 to 9, after bending;
• FIG. 12 is a partial perspective view of another U-section manifold according to the invention, before bending;
• FIG. 13 is a top view of the manifold of Figure 12 before bending
• Figure 14 is a view similar to Figure 13 after bending the manifold;
• Figure 15 is a perspective view of the manifold of Figures 12 to 14 after bending;
• - Figure 16 shows the deformation of the bottom wall of the manifold of Figures 12 to 15;
• - Figure 17 is a partial perspective view of a heat exchanger whose manifolds are each formed by a stack of end pieces which individually receive the bundle tubes;
• FIG. 18 is a top view of the manifold of one heat exchanger of Figure 17, before bending;
• Figure 19 is a view similar to Figure 18, after bending;
• FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a tip receiving one end of a tube
• FIG. 22 is a partial perspective view of a heat exchanger comprising a multiplicity of tubes and nozzles similar to Figure 21;
• FIG. 23 is a schematic representation showing the deformation of a corrugated interlayer disposed between two contiguous tubes of a bundle;
• Figures 24 and 25 show the variations of the radii of the bent parts of the corrugated inserts, respectively on the outside of the bent part and on the inside of the bent part;
• Figure 26 illustrates the bending of a heat exchanger by a process using rollers;
• FIG. 1 shows a brazed type heat exchanger, generally designated by the reference 10, in accordance with the invention.
• This exchanger comprises a bundle 12 formed of a multiplicity of parallel flat tubes 14 between which are arranged corrugated spacers 16 forming secondary heat exchange surfaces.
• the tubes 14 of the bundle 12 have longitudinal axes 15 which are mutually parallel. Only the axes 15 of two of the tubes 14 are shown in FIG. 1.
• the heat exchanger 10 is designed to be installed in a motor vehicle, the tubes 14 being generally vertical.
• the respective ends of the tubes 14 open on one side into a manifold 18 (here in the upper part) and on the other side into a manifold 20 (here in the lower part).
• a heat exchanger may in particular constitute a radiator for cooling a motor vehicle engine.
• the manifolds 18 and 20 have a curved shape and the bundle 12 has a similar curved shape, the tubes 14 being parallel to each other and the corrugated spacers 16 undergoing limited deformation during bending.
• the heat exchanger thus has an interior side CI (or concave side) and an exterior side CE (or convex side).
• the bending is carried out over the entire length of the manifolds, but it is of course possible to perform the bending on only one area of each manifold, the latter further comprising a straight area.
• the bending of the heat exchanger is carried out after assembly and brazing of its various components.
• the manifold 18 here has a rectilinear shape and a U-shaped section. It comprises a bottom wall 22 provided with openings 24 for receiving the tubes (FIGS. 2 and 3). These openings 24 are slots of elongated shape, arranged parallel to each other, and each intended to receive one end of a tube 14 of the bundle.
• the bottom wall 22 is attached to two side walls 26 generally parallel to each other.
• the manifold 18 is closed by a cover 28 having a main wall 30 and two side walls 32 ( Figure 2).
• the manifold 20 (not shown in Figure 2) is closed by a similar cover. After assembling the heat exchanger, it is brazed and then deformed to give it a curved shape. This bending results in a bending of the manifolds 18 and 20 and of the bundle 12. The tubes 14 remain parallel to each other, while the spacers 16 undergo a slight deformation.
• Figure 4 shows the deformation undergone by the manifold 18. It is seen that the sidewall 26 located on the inner side is deformed by compression (swaging of the material), whereas. the wall 28 located on the outer side undergoes deformation by extension, that is to say by stretching the material.
• FIG. 5 shows more particularly the zones 34 of deformation by compression (shrinking of the material) and the zones 36 of deformation by extension (stretching of the material).
• deformation zones 38 occur spontaneously during the bending of the manifold.
• Deformation zones 38 also appear in the bottom wall 22, as can be seen in FIG. 6. These deformation zones 38 occur in zones situated between the openings 24 for receiving the tubes.
• Figures 7 to 11 illustrate a first embodiment.
• compression deformation zones comprising cups 40
• These bowls 40 are produced in the form of folds extending in a direction generally parallel to one another and parallel to the bending generators. They are advantageously made in regions of the side wall which correspond to regions of the bottom wall, which are located between the openings, as can be seen in FIGS. 8 and 9.
• the side wall 26 situated on the side exterior has no prior deformation. It undergoes deformations by extension or stretching of the material, as shown in FIG. 10.
• the bottom wall 22 includes deformation zones 38 similar to those shown in FIG. 6.
• the inner side wall has bowls 40, made in the form of parallel folds.
• the side wall 26 located on the outside has parallel folds 42, also called bellows, which facilitate the deformation of this outer side wall during bending.
• the bellows 42 are located in zones which open into zones of the bottom wall situated outside the openings for receiving the tubes.
• FIGS. 17 to 20 show another embodiment of the invention, in which the manifold 18 is formed by a succession of end pieces 44 which individually receive the end of a tube.
• Each of the end pieces 44 delimits a housing and is extended by two bosses 46 each provided with a perforation or circular opening 48.
• These end pieces are arranged aligned and communicate with each other through their respective openings 48 to form a manifold which communicates with the tubes of the beam.
• Tips of this type are described in French patent application No. 01 17033 (publication number 2 834 336) already cited.
• Figure 21 illustrates a particular embodiment of an end piece 46 receiving a tube 14.
• Figure 22 shows a heat exchanger formed from end pieces and tubes according to Figure 21, the assembly being bent.
• corrugated spacers of the type shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, can also be inserted between the tubes.
• FIG. 23 shows, exaggeratedly, the deformation undergone by a corrugated interlayer 16 placed between two tubes 14.
• the tubes 14 are flat tubes and have large sides 50 which are parallel to each other and parallel to the sides analogues of other tubes.
• the tubes 14 and the interlayer 16 have the configuration shown in solid lines in FIG. 23.
• the tubes After bending, the tubes form an angle ⁇ between them (exaggerated in FIG. 23) and the corrugated interlayer 16 also undergoes deformation. (also exaggerated in Figure 23).
• the configuration obtained after bending is shown in broken lines in FIG. 23.
• the corrugated interlayer 16 comprises substantially straight parts 52 (possibly provided with louvers) which are joined together by bent parts. 54 which initially have a radius R. By way of example, this radius R can be 0.4 mm.
• this radius R can be 0.4 mm.
• the corrugated interlayer 16 undergoes deformation by extension or elongation.
• the bending radius R will decrease and go, for example, from 0.5mm to 0.4mm.
• the corrugated interlayer 16 undergoes compression deformation, so that the bending radius R will increase.
• this radius can go from 0.5mm to 0.6mm on the inside.
• the pitch P ( Figures 24 and 25) remains identical on the inside and on the outside.
• the deformations undergone by the corrugated spacers, during bending occur in the bent portions 54.
• the deformations can be concentrated on the corrugated spacers, without causing deformations to the tubes. As these deformations occur in the bent parts, they do not affect the solder connections between the bent parts and the tubes of the heat exchanger.
• the manufacturing method of the invention essentially comprises an operation of bending the manifold or boxes of the heat exchanger.
• a heat exchanger in one embodiment, we first begin by assembling, in a first operation, the bundle of tubes and the manifolds to form a conventional heat exchanger having a configuration generally plane. In a second operation, the heat exchanger thus assembled is brazed flat to form a brazed heat exchanger. It is only then that, in a third operation, the brazed heat exchanger is gradually bent to bend the manifolds, while the bundle tubes remain substantially parallel to each other. As already indicated, if corrugated spacers are present between the tubes of the bundle, these spacers then undergo limited deformations.
• FIG. 26 illustrates a first embodiment of the method in which the bending is carried out by means of rollers. More particularly the bending is carried out by means of three rollers which include a pair of opposite rollers 56 and 58, and a third movable roller 60. These rollers 56, 58 and 60 have respective axes 62, 64 and 66 which are parallel to each other and to the longitudinal axes 15 of the tubes of the heat exchanger.
• the brazed heat exchanger 10 initially flat, passes between the two rollers 62 and 64 which define between them a space adapted to the thickness.
• the heat exchanger 10 passes under the roller 60 which is gradually moved away from the rollers 56 and 58 in the direction of the arrow 68.
• Figures 27 and 28 illustrate another embodiment of the method of the invention which uses a press 70 and two support rollers 72 and 74 having respective axes 76 and 78 which are parallel to each other and to the longitudinal axes 15 of the tubes of the beam.
• the press 70 has a shaped face 80, arranged to be applied against a first face of the heat exchanger 10 which must be brought to a concave shape. This first face corresponds to the interior side CI.
• the support rollers 72 and 74 are applied against the opposite face, which must be brought to a convex shape, that is to say on the external side CE.
• the heat exchanger 10 initially flat, is deposited on the rollers 72 and 74 so that the longitudinal axes 15 of the tubes of the exchanger are generally parallel to the respective axes 76 and 78 of the rollers.
• the rollers 72 and 74 are brought together, then as the press is moved in the vertical direction of the arrow 82 the rollers 72 and 74 are separated from each other as shown by the arrows 84.
• a progressive deformation is thus obtained which results to a complete bending as illustrated in FIG. 28, the rollers 72 and 74 being separated as far as possible.
• the invention finds a preferential application to heat exchangers of motor vehicles, that is to say passenger vehicles, trucks, motorcycles, etc.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Geometry (AREA)
• Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=34307193

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (1)

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Family Cites Families (9)

• 2003
  • 2003-09-26 FR FR0311303A patent/FR2860289B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2004
  • 2004-09-27 JP JP2006527451A patent/JP2007506931A/ja active Pending
  • 2004-09-27 WO PCT/FR2004/002432 patent/WO2005031240A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2004-09-27 EP EP04787455A patent/EP1668305A1/fr not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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