Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
  • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
  • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
  • H04L25/0264—Arrangements for coupling to transmission lines
  • H04L25/028—Arrangements specific to the transmitter end
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
  • H04L25/38—Synchronous or start-stop systems, e.g. for Baudot code
  • H04L25/40—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits
  • H04L25/45—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using electronic distributors
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
  • H04L5/14—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
  • H04L5/16—Half-duplex systems; Simplex/duplex switching; Transmission of break signals non-automatically inverting the direction of transmission

Definitions

• the invention relates to a circuit arrangement according to the
• SIM cards have become the standard for authenticating a user of a GSM mobile radio device.
• the card reader for SIM cards is integrated in the device.
• the importance of SIM cards also increases, which are no longer only used to check authorization to make calls, but for applications as diverse as access authorization to security areas, i.e. ultimately as a key replacement, or for Payment functions, is used.
• the SIM card reader can be inserted into a corresponding card reader of an automobile in order to thereby authenticate a user for a GSM system in the vehicle.
• a user can authenticate himself via a SIM card reader for telephone systems, computers, network parts, automatic teller machines or other devices with GSM functionality. For security reasons, you want to
• Transfer the authentication data provide a direct connection between the cLem card reader and the GSM device, which in the applications mentioned is often due to the spatial Conditions must be several meters long.
• the electrical drivers for the SIM card interface in GSM modems are only designed for distances of less than 50 cm.
• GSM modems with a remote access function for SIM data (so-called Remote SIM Access or RSA).
• AT commands Hybrid standard command set for modems, from ATtention.
• the data can be transmitted via wire or radio (e.g. Bluetooth).
• This solution is also cost-intensive and also requires the use of GSM modems with RSA functionality, which are only available on the market in isolated cases.
• the object of the invention is therefore the possibility of a
• An essential point of the invention is therefore that the data line between the two devices to be connected, ie the GSM modem and the SIM card reader, has at least is coupled to an edge driver.
• the edge driver is used as the driver of the bidirectional data line and amplifies a corresponding edge of the signal, in order to counteract effects that result from the capacitance of the connecting line and lead to a flattening of the edge.
• the edge drivers support the reloading of the capacity of the extension line or make it quick. After the capacity has been reloaded, the edge drivers have no effect, so that there is no further influence on static signals. Furthermore, the edge drivers enable the SIM interface to be extended without signal evaluation and without a signal direction signal, the functionality of the interface being restricted.
• the static properties of the SIM interface are not influenced by this exclusively dynamic behavior of the edge drivers.
• the SIM interface must be completely shut down (switched off) in terms of hardware. This switch-off is carried out by the GSM modem. Since the edge drivers act dynamically, they do not hinder this function, which ensures unrestricted operation of the interface.
• the data line is coupled to at least one edge driver both on the modem side and on the card side.
• the edge drivers act on the active side, i.e. on the output side of the data line as the driver of the extension line and on the passive side, i.e. thus on the input line side of the data line as a signal regenerator.
• positive and negative edge drivers used.
• Positive edge drivers are provided for the positive edge of the signal, ie for a rising edge; Accordingly, negative edge drivers support negative edges. A simultaneous use of positive and negative edge drivers ensures optimal processing of the data signal.
• the or each edge driver is preferably constructed from discrete components. In particular, this offers an inexpensive solution to the problem on which the invention is based.
• the or each edge driver can also be in the form of an integrated circuit, which means that it takes up little space.
• the or each edge driver can be adapted to different signal frequencies, in particular by dimensioning a coupling capacitor that couples the edge driver to the data line. This enables a wide range of applications with regard to the frequencies used.
• a resistor connected downstream of the coupling capacitor improves the signal-to-noise ratio. This increases the functionality onsecurity of the circuit arrangement and improves the quality of the data transmission.
• the response threshold of the or each edge driver can be adjustable or tunable in a further advantageous embodiment, in particular by inserting a resistor into the circuit, with tunability being achieved, for example, with the aid of a potentiometer or a switchable resistor network.
• the visual arrangement is preferably characterized by a capacitor which serves to improve the behavior against transient disturbances. This also increases the functional reliability of the circuit arrangement according to the invention.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram or a block diagram of a GSM modem and a SIM card with holder with the two aforementioned connecting lines,
• FIG. 2 shows the circuit diagram of a first embodiment of a positive edge driver
• FIG. 3 shows the circuit diagram of a first embodiment of a negative edge driver
• FIG. 4 shows the circuit diagram of a second embodiment of a positive edge driver and in FIG Fig. 5 shows the circuit diagram of a second embodiment of a negative edge driver.
• a SIM card 1 with holder and a GSM modem 2 are shown in a schematic representation.
• the SIM card 1 and the GSM modem 2 are connected to one another via the following lines: a CCVCC line 3, which provides the SIM card 1 with an operating voltage of 3 volts; a CCGND line 4 which provides the SIM card 1 with ground potential; a CCIO line 5 serving as a bidirectional data line; a CCCLK line 6, which represents the clock line, the usual clock frequencies being approximately 1 MHz to approximately 4 MHz, and a CCRST line 7 as the reset line of the arrangement.
• the desired extension of the lines connecting the SIM card 1 to the GSM modem 2 is indicated by the extension line 8 shown in the middle of the figure.
• a switch contact 9 is additionally provided on the SIM card holder, which on the one hand monitors whether a SIM card 1 is inserted into the card holder at all, and on the other hand evaluates whether the SIM card 1 is removed from the SIM card holder during operation of the arrangement is pulled.
• the switch contact is made to be premature, i.e. So such that the GSM modem by monitoring the level at a CCIN input 10 when the
• the SIM card from the SIM card holder is enabled to shut down the entire SIM interface and switch to high-resistance even before the interface contacts are interrupted when the SIM card is removed from the SIM card holder.
• Extension of the operating voltage line (CCVCC line 3) and the SIM ground line (CCGND line 4) does not pose any special requirements and is therefore not critical.
• CCVCC line 3 and the CCVCC line 3 do not pose any special requirements and is therefore not critical.
• CCGND line 4 a back-up capacitor can be provided on the card side (not shown in FIG. 1). Furthermore, the line should be as low-resistance as possible.
• the CCIO line 5 is a bidirectional line which, as already mentioned, represents the data line of the arrangement. This means that both the GSM modem 2 and SIM card 1 can send and receive each other on the same line. To avoid damage during conflicts, i.e. if GSM modem 2 and SIM card 1 are both switched to output and simultaneously send against each other, the outputs on both sides are designed as "open drain”.
• the common drain resistor 11 required for this is integrated in the GSM modem 2.
• positive edge drivers 12 and negative edge drivers 13 are coupled both on the modem side and on the card side to the CCIO line 5, the structure and mode of operation of which are explained in more detail later becomes. After reloading the capacitance of the CCIO line 5, including its extension, both the positive edge drivers 12 and the negative edge drivers 13 have no effect.
• the edge drivers act on the active, ie on the output side, as drivers for the signal on the CCIO line 5, including their connections. extension, and on the passive side, ie on the input side as a signal regenerator.
• the edge of the signal on the transmitting side is thus supported, ie an amplification of the signal, which serves to load the capacitance of the line, keeps the edge as steep as possible; on the receiving side, the edge of the signal is additionally processed again in a further amplification step.
• edge drivers are not absolutely necessary depending on the line length and the signal quality provided by the respective CCIO output 14, four edge drivers are not absolutely necessary. It is also conceivable to use only one positive edge driver 12 or, in the case of longer line lengths, two positive edge drivers 12 without negative edge drivers 13, and alternatively a combination of positive edge drivers 12 and negative edge drivers 13.
• the CCCLK line 6 is a unidirectional line from the GSM modem 2 to the SIM card 1.
• the clock driver stage integrated in the GSM modem 2 (not shown in FIG. 1) has a so-called "push-pull output".
• the clock line is extended symmetrically to improve the radiation resistance.
• an inverter 15 is provided, which can be tuned with a resistor 16 to the same internal resistance as the clock line (CCCLK line 6).
• resistors 17, 18 are provided for this purpose on the SIM card side as line termination, which act against the SIM card ground CCGND 4 via DC capacitors 19, 20.
• extension line is long, 6 edge drivers can also be coupled to the CCCLK line. It should also be noted that the aforementioned method of symmetrically extending the line also to others Lines, such as the CCIO line 5 can be used.
• the CCRST line 7 has a unidirectional signal flow from the GSM modem 2 to the SIM card 1.
• the driver stage integrated in the GSM modem 2 has a push-pull output. It should also be noted here that, particularly in the case of long extension lines and if the push-pull output is not capable of being driven properly, the coupling of one or more edge drivers to the CCRST line 7 is conceivable.
• the position of the switching contact 9 on the card holder is signaled at the CCIN input 10. If the contact is used to shutdown the SIM interface, the information must be transferred quickly. A driver is therefore provided on the card side, which consists of a transistor 21 and two resistors 22, 23. If the SIM card is pulled out of the SIM card holder during operation, the entire SIM interface can be shut down by monitoring the level at CCIN input 10 and switched to high impedance even before the interface contacts are interrupted when the SIM card is removed become.
• the mode of operation of a positive edge driver 12 or a negative edge driver 13 is considered in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.
• the flank drivers are made up of discrete components; the positive edge driver and the negative edge driver are complementary to one another, but are basically identical in structure. The function is first discussed in the following using the positive edge driver:
• a transistor 24 becomes conductive when the above-mentioned positive change in the line level of the CCIO line 5 as soon as its base-emitter threshold voltage (approx. 0.6 V) is exceeded, the coupling in of the line level of the CCIO line 5 via a capacitor 25 takes place.
• the conductive transistor 24 switches a transistor 28 on via a voltage divider, which is formed from resistors 26, 27.
• the transistor 28 raises the CCEO line 5 to the positive potential of the CCVCC line 3 via its collector. This increase in potential acts in turn via the capacitor 25 on the base of the transistor 24.
• it is a dynamically coupled-in amplifier arrangement. The mechanism described is only active until the capacitor 25 is charged.
• the dimensioning of the capacitor 25 is such that, depending on the signal frequency between two edges of the signal, the capacitor 25 can always be completely recharged (charged and discharged).
• the discharge of the capacitor 25 is supported by a diode 29 when a negative edge occurs. After the capacitor 25 has been charged, the entire circuit arrangement has no effect until the next positive signal edge. This ensures that it is tolerant of static signal levels and an electrical shutdown of the SIM interface by the GSM modem 2.
• a capacitor 30 has been added to the capacitor 25.
• the response threshold of the transistor 24 is increased and thus the signal-to-noise ratio is increased.
• the function of the negative edge driver is discussed below: If the potential of the CCIO line 5 changes from the potential of the CCVCC line 3 to that of the CCGND line 4, a transistor 24 'becomes conductive as soon as its base-emitter threshold voltage (approx. 0.6 V) is exceeded.
• the line level is coupled in analogy to the positive edge driver 12 via a capacitor 25 '.
• This is also a dynamically coupled amplifier arrangement. The mechanism described is only active until the capacitor 25 'is charged.
• the dimensioning requirements with regard to the capacitance of the capacitor 25 ' are the same as for the positive edge driver.
• the discharge of the capacitor 25 ' is supported by a diode 29' when a positive edge occurs. After the capacitor 25 'has been charged, the entire circuit arrangement has no effect until the next negative signal edge. It is also tolerant of static signal levels and an electrical shutdown of the SIM interface by the GSM modem 2.
• a resistor 30 ' can also be connected downstream of the capacitor 25' in the case of the negative edge driver 13 to improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
• the response threshold of the transistor 24' is increased.
• a resistor 32 which forms a voltage divider with the resistor 31, is arranged downstream of the capacitor.
• a capacitor 33 is also connected in parallel to the base-emitter path of the transistor 28. This leads to a delay in the response time of transistor 28.
• the negative edge driver according to FIG. 5 has a resistor 32 'and a capacitor 33', which perform the same function as the resistor 32 and capacitor 33.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Signal Processing (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
• Communication Control (AREA)
• Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
• Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
• Dc Digital Transmission (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=34305472

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Cited By (2)

Families Citing this family (6)

Family Cites Families (9)

• 2003
  • 2003-09-10 CN CNA038270307A patent/CN1826825A/zh active Pending
  • 2003-09-10 US US10/571,502 patent/US20060293082A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-09-10 EP EP03747836A patent/EP1665844A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2003-09-10 WO PCT/DE2003/003046 patent/WO2005027549A1/de active Application Filing
• 2004
  • 2004-06-30 TW TW093119532A patent/TW200511800A/zh unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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