EP1663406B1 - Device for preventing backflow in ventilation ducts comprised in ventilation systems - Google Patents

Device for preventing backflow in ventilation ducts comprised in ventilation systems Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1663406B1
EP1663406B1 EP04775389.2A EP04775389A EP1663406B1 EP 1663406 B1 EP1663406 B1 EP 1663406B1 EP 04775389 A EP04775389 A EP 04775389A EP 1663406 B1 EP1663406 B1 EP 1663406B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fire
ventilation
ducts
tube
gases
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04775389.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1663406A1 (en
Inventor
Tomas Fagergren
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fagergrens Konsult AB
Original Assignee
Fagergrens Konsult AB
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fagergrens Konsult AB filed Critical Fagergrens Konsult AB
Publication of EP1663406A1 publication Critical patent/EP1663406A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1663406B1 publication Critical patent/EP1663406B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
    • F24F13/10—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C2/00—Fire prevention or containment
    • A62C2/06—Physical fire-barriers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
    • F24F11/33—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to fire, excessive heat or smoke

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a device for preventing backflow in ventilation ducts in ventilation system and further propagation of fire and fire gases through said ventilation systems.
  • a larger building shall be divided into different so called fire cells.
  • a fire cell is a room or a group of connected rooms within which a fire may develop but not propagate to other fire cells. This means that the structures that surrounds a fire cell, such as walls, framing of joists and so on, must have a certain predetermined resistivity against fire. Examples of fire cells are residential flats, different offices, meeting halls, care departments in hospitals and so on.
  • a safe way is to provide fully separate ventilation systems for each fire cell.
  • this solution means many bulky ventilation ducts and a lot of expensive air treatment apparatuses. Said solution is thus normally only used for buildings with a few large fire cells. Therefore, most often the whole or parts of the ventilation system are common for different fire cells.
  • a common solution is that common air treatment apparatuses and common so called collection ducts and/or so called distribution ducts are used for different fire cells. From these collection ducts and/or distribution ducts separate connection ducts are lead to the different fire cells. Then there is a risk that fire gases will come into the common collection ducts and/or distribution ducts when a fire occurs in a fire cell and from there propagate to adjacent fire cells through the connection ducts.
  • One way to prevent fire gases to propagate into collection ducts is to provide each connection duct to a collection duct and/or distribution duct with motor controlled valves which has a sufficient air tightness and resistivity against fire and fire gases and which automatically close at the occurrence of fire. This means often great costs and also requires quick and secure detection of a fire and also requires an automatic check of the function of the valves.
  • the method is also impossible or very difficult to apply to horizontal collection ducts due to the fact that the necessary pressure drop relation is then difficult to achieve.
  • Experiences from fires also show that the detection and opening of the pressure release valves mean a great unsecurity. Often the fans are turned off in, for example, a office building at night and weekends in order to save energy. A detector provided in collection with the outlet air fan, which is the most common way, will then never detect fire gases and open the valves until fire gases already have propagated to other fire cells.
  • the method is also complicated to apply at air treatment apparatuses in the basement since this requires special ventilation chimneys up through the outer roof of the building.
  • the disadvantages with converting the inlet air system into an outlet air system in case of fire are although several.
  • a secure detection is required, which automatically convert the system, which together with required connections and valves means costs.
  • Another disadvantage is the risk of unbalance in the system.
  • the conversion means that a severe subpressure may arise in the adjacent fire cells since there is only outlet air present and no inlet air.
  • the subpressure may itself cause problem by opening doors etc. It will also increase the risk of fire gas propagation through cracks and drafts in walls and doors and so on between the fire cell having a fire and the closest adjacent fire cells. This is due to the fact that the fire cell having a fire will be under over pressure while the adjacent fire cells by means of the conversion will be given a subpressure.
  • a further disadvantage in a converted inlet air system is the problem after a fire has occurred. Before the duct system may be used for inlet air again an extensive and costly sanitation may be required.
  • SE 518 899 C2 discloses a valve for depressurising a ventilation system.
  • Known devices for preventing the backflow in ventilation ducts by means of tubes are disclosed in US 5 421 127 A , GB 395 994 A , FR 2 598 197 A1 and US 5 970 670 A .
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a device by means of which the risk of propagation of fire and fire gases through a ventilation system will be eliminated, whereby a backflow is prevented in the ventilation ducts of the ventilation system.
  • a fire occurring in a fire cell 1 is shown.
  • the rest of the shown fire cells are numbered 2, 3 and 4, respectively.
  • the fire cells 1, 2, 3 and 4 are connected with a common outlet air duct 5 and a common inlet air duct 6, respectively.
  • Connecting ducts 7,7', 7" and 7"' are present in each fire cell from the outlet air duct 5.
  • Connecting ducts 8, 8', 8" and 8"' are present in each fire cell to the inlet air duct 6.
  • a fire results in an overpressure 9 in the fire cell 1.
  • This overpressure is present because of the fact that the fire heats the air up and because of the fire gases in the fire cell 1.
  • the temperature increase in turn makes the air and fire gases expanding in volume. The faster the temperature increase is and the denser the connecting structures of the fire cell are the greater this overpressure becomes.
  • the overpressure in the fire cell exceeds the pressure drop in the connecting duct 8 with its inlet air devices, fire gases will propagate into the common inlet air duct 6.
  • the inlet air fan then quickly will spread the fire gases to, at first hand, fire cell 3 through the connecting duct 8".
  • Fig. 2 the fire cell 1 is shown and also a typical overpressure 9 in the starting stage of the fire.
  • Theoretical calculations as well as tests show that an overpressure of 200-600 Pa quickly may occur within the fire cell. Normal pressure drops over the connecting ducts are about 50-100 Pa. This means according to the description above that a larger amount of air and fire gases will be forced into the outlet air system and that fire gases will pass backwards into the inlet air system.
  • At larger overpressures than about 600 Pa generally a quick pressure release will occur within the fire cell by means of the bursting of one or several windows. The windows may also burst at lower pressure due to high temperatures and thus bring a pressure release.
  • Typical overpressures 9 due to the fire after a window burst is about, according to Fig.
  • Fig. 4 it is shown in a known way a method of preventing back flow in ventilation ducts with so called back valves 10.
  • the back valves comprise of one or more lamellae which due to its own weight or by means of spring force close when the flow in the ventilation duct changes direction.
  • This back valves are not used in fire technical contexts since their reliability is not considered satisfactory and that the leakage over a closed valve is great. Further, these back valves are position dependent horizontally or vertically, and pressure drop and required opening pressure are relatively great in normal operation.
  • the device according to the invention on the other hand prevents effectively a back flow in ventilation ducts and give very high sealing at changed direction of air, position independent and with its design a low pressure drop is achieved at the same time as only a small opening pressure is required at normal direction of air.
  • a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown, designed as a prefabricated piece and which is formed by a distance means 11 in the form of a net 11', preferably of steel sheet material and a tube form 12 of a flexible material, which is open in both ends and which preferably is made of a flame proof textile.
  • the left part of Fig. 5 shows the prefabricated piece in its active, operative position with open through flow area along all of its length while the right part of Fig. 5 shows an embodiment where the tube form 12 collapse and start its abutment against the net 11" forming the distance means 11.
  • the prefabricated piece according to the invention is thus easily mounted in a ventilation duct 13 of a ventilation system.
  • the distance means 11 and its connected tube form 12 may naturally alse be mounted to each other directly in a ventilation duct 13 in question and therefore does not need to be comprised as a separate prefabricated piece.
  • the distance means 11 in itself corresponds mainly to the area of the ventilation duct 13 and is attached from the downstream side and extends as a tube 12' of the tube form 12 a predetermined length and which is open in its free end 15.
  • the length and the circumference of the tube 12' is adapted so that when a air flow is stopped or not occur the tube 12' collapse and when back flow occur the tube 12' is forced, thanks to its flexible material, in the direction towards the net 11', whereby a sealing delimiting wall is achieved.
  • the distance means 11 is comprised of a net 11' with a tube 12' of a flame proof textile but the distance means 11 may of course be comprised of any other suitable means that let air pass.
  • the tube 12' along the periphery at the distance means 11, which show a length which in this shown example at least corresponds the diameter of the ventilation duct 13. Further, the tube 12' is here conically tapering in its length direction towards its free end 15.
  • the length of the tube 12' may of course be shorter, i.e. the length of the tube 12' needs only be sufficiently long in order to allow a covering of the duct in case of back flow.
  • the temperature resistance of the tube 12' is adapted to the temperature arisen in the fire cell in question and its position in relation to the fire cell.
  • FIG. 7 an example of connection of a prefabricated piece according to the invention is shown in a ventilation duct 13 of a ventilation system, where a rubber ring connection 14 is used for sealingly abutment against the distance means 11 and then suitably in connection with a joint of two ventilation ducts 13 to each other.
  • the net 11' may be attached in a flange 16, which has the form of a pipe socket, which in the shown example is connection means between the both adjacent ventilation ducts 13.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Duct Arrangements (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
EP04775389.2A 2003-09-09 2004-09-07 Device for preventing backflow in ventilation ducts comprised in ventilation systems Expired - Lifetime EP1663406B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0302423A SE525749C2 (sv) 2003-09-09 2003-09-09 Anordning för att vid brand förhindra bakåtströmning i ventilationskanal i form av genomströmningarean täckande nät med infäst flexibel strut
PCT/SE2004/001284 WO2005023369A1 (en) 2003-09-09 2004-09-07 Device for preventing backflow in ventilation ducts comprised in ventilation systems

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1663406A1 EP1663406A1 (en) 2006-06-07
EP1663406B1 true EP1663406B1 (en) 2016-11-02

Family

ID=28787307

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04775389.2A Expired - Lifetime EP1663406B1 (en) 2003-09-09 2004-09-07 Device for preventing backflow in ventilation ducts comprised in ventilation systems

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1663406B1 (da)
DK (1) DK1663406T3 (da)
ES (1) ES2611283T3 (da)
NO (1) NO340416B1 (da)
SE (1) SE525749C2 (da)
WO (1) WO2005023369A1 (da)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2718632B1 (en) 2011-05-25 2017-05-10 Ekovent Ab Backflow prevention device with collapsible element within a ventilation duct and use of a collapsable element within a ventilation duct

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB395994A (en) * 1932-04-16 1933-07-27 Job Arthur Neville A device for emitting fluids under pressure
FR2598197B1 (fr) * 1986-04-30 1988-09-09 Raymond Comolet Valve a passage direct.
US5421127A (en) * 1993-12-30 1995-06-06 Stefely; Stephen F. Fire stop closure
GB9515858D0 (en) * 1995-08-02 1995-10-04 Hoffman William H Apparatus for protecting intumescent material in support means for pipes and cables passing through walls,floors or ceilings
SE518899C2 (sv) * 1997-01-12 2002-12-03 Joergen Thor Förfarande för att hindra brandgasspridning, samt tryckavlastande anordning för att hindra brandgasspridning.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO340416B1 (no) 2017-04-18
NO20061578L (no) 2006-04-07
SE525749C2 (sv) 2005-04-19
SE0302423L (sv) 2005-03-10
SE0302423D0 (sv) 2003-09-09
ES2611283T3 (es) 2017-05-08
DK1663406T3 (da) 2017-01-30
EP1663406A1 (en) 2006-06-07
WO2005023369A1 (en) 2005-03-17

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