EP1657786A1 - Linsenantenne - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP1657786A1
EP1657786A1 EP04257101A EP04257101A EP1657786A1 EP 1657786 A1 EP1657786 A1 EP 1657786A1 EP 04257101 A EP04257101 A EP 04257101A EP 04257101 A EP04257101 A EP 04257101A EP 1657786 A1 EP1657786 A1 EP 1657786A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
dielectric lens
shaped
mounting plate
optical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04257101A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Robert Ian Henderson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BAE Systems PLC
Original Assignee
BAE Systems PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BAE Systems PLC filed Critical BAE Systems PLC
Priority to EP04257101A priority Critical patent/EP1657786A1/de
Publication of EP1657786A1 publication Critical patent/EP1657786A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/062—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for focusing

Definitions

  • This invention relates to shaped-dielectric lens antennae and, in particular, to shaped-dielectric lens antennae providing wide-angle coverage with millimetre-wave radio signals.
  • Preferred embodiments of the present invention are particularly well suited for use with a communications apparatus and in particular with a mobile terminal unit as will be described hereinbelow where a wide angle of coverage is required, up to approximately 85° as measured from an axis of forward projection for the antenna.
  • Preferred embodiments of the present invention relate to an apparatus designed to provide a communications path between terminals, at least one of which is a mobile terminal unit.
  • one or more high bandwidth communications channels are to be provided to enable wireless communication between a central terminal and one or more mobile devices, for example high-definition television cameras moving within a relatively enclosed environment such as a large TV studio or film set.
  • highfrequency signals preferably of the order of 55-65GHz, which when communicated wirelessly, are subject to attenuation, distortion and other effects. Such effects are not typically encountered, or not encountered to the same extent, in conventional mobile communications systems which operate with lower frequency signals and in more open environments.
  • a preferred apparatus comprises a base station and one or more remote antenna units (RAUs).
  • RAUs remote antenna units
  • a preferred mobile terminal unit transmit/receive interface will also be described for use with the preferred base station and remote antenna units.
  • the base station 100 is arranged to modulate data signals received for example from a central terminal unit 105 or other terminal device and to transmit them optically, with low loss, to each of the RAUs 110 over the downlink optical fibres 115.
  • Each of the RAUs 110 is arranged to convert the received optical signals into millimetre-wave signals for wireless transmission from their antennae.
  • a target mobile data terminal 120, 125 moving within the area of radio coverage 130 of one or more of the RAUs 110 is then able to receive the transmitted signal.
  • a radio-frequency signal transmitted by a mobile data terminal 120, 125 may be received by one or more RAUs 110.
  • Each receiving RAU 110 is arranged to down-convert the received signal into an intermediate frequency (IF) data signal and to optically transmit the IF data signal over the respective uplink optical fibre 118 for reception by the base station 100. After demodulating the optically carried IF data signal the base station 100 outputs the resultant signal.
  • IF intermediate frequency
  • downlink 115 and uplink 118 optical fibre transmission lines are specified for simplicity, it is possible to combine downlink and uplink transmission lines between the base station 100 and an RAU 110 in a single optical fibre through use of appropriate multiplexing and modulation techniques and interfaces to split and combine fibres at the base station 100.
  • a single mobile terminal unit 120, 125 would require the entire bandwidth of a data channel for its own use, at least in an uplink direction.
  • the base station 100 would be equipped to provide as many data channels as required by the particular application.
  • limitations in frequency availability would ultimately limit the number of channels that may be provided.
  • use of the 55-65GHz band provides sufficient bandwidth to handle a number of high data rate duplex channels.
  • the downlink optical signal is input to an optical splitter 220 where it is divided and injected into each of the downlink optical fibre links 115 by means of an appropriate interface to be conveyed to each of the RAUs 110.
  • any RF signal transmitted by a mobile data terminal 120, 125 and received at an antenna 325 is passed to an uplink signal converter 330 arranged to convert the received RF signal into an intermediate frequency (IF) data signal.
  • the uplink signal converter 330 uses the local oscillator signal separated by the diplexer 312 to convert the received RF signal into the IF data signal which in turn is passed to the uplink optical transmitter 335 to generate an uplink optical signal for transmission to the base station 100 over the uplink optical fibre 118.
  • the uplink optical transmitter 335 transmits the IF data signal either by directly modulating a laser diode or by modulating the light from a (CW) laser diode in an external optical modulator.
  • a different predetermined frequency is allocated to each data channel provided by the base station 100 and RAUs 110.
  • the use of a different frequency per data channel provides one of the preferred elements in embodiments of the present invention that enables a single frequency (per mobile data terminal 120, 125) mobile communications network to be operated.
  • Another preferred element enabling the single frequency network to operate is the choice of modulation technique implemented by the modulators 205 and demodulators 240 in the base station 100 and replicated in each of the mobile data terminals 120, 125.
  • COFDM is a form of multi-carrier digital modulation wherein data are modulated onto a large number of closely-spaced carriers whose separation in the frequency domain is carefully chosen so that each carrier is orthogonal to the other carriers, so eliminating interference between them when transmitted simultaneously.
  • Each carrier is arranged to send one symbol at a time. The time taken to transmit a symbol is called the symbol duration.
  • the symbol duration may be extended by the modulator by the insertion of a so-called guard interval of predetermined length between transmitted symbols on the particular carrier to ensure that the next symbol on the carrier arrives at the receiver after the last delayed arrival of the first symbol.
  • the signal output from the filter 405 for each channel is then input to the downlink signal converter 210 for conversion into a signal of a predetermined frequency allocated for that data channel, preferably in the range 1.5 to 3.5GHz.
  • the downlink signal converter 210 comprises, for each data channel, a mixer 410 and a local oscillator (LO) 415, 418.
  • the frequencies of the local oscillators 415, 418 are selected to ensure that when the oscillator signal is mixed (410) with the output signal from the filter 405, a signal of the predetermined frequency for that channel is generated.
  • n modems 205, filters 405, mixers 410 and local oscillators 415, 418 would typically need to be provided, each local oscillator being set to a different frequency such as to generate a channel signal within a predetermined frequency range, e.g. 1.5-3.5GHz.
  • the process of selecting channel frequencies and hence corresponding oscillator frequencies takes place as part of an overall design stage for the apparatus.
  • a switching arrangement can be implemented to enable different local oscillators to be selected to enable switching between data channels and hence communication with different mobile terminal units 120, 125.
  • tuneable local oscillators may be provided to achieve a similar effect.
  • the optical transmitter 215 is constructed according to a cascaded optical modulator design.
  • An optical carrier generated by a laser 430 is optically coupled using polarisation maintaining optical fibre to a first optical modulator 440 arranged to modulate the optical carrier with an amplified (437) and filtered (439) oscillator signal generated by an oscillator 435 to form an optical oscillator signal and, in a second optical modulator 445, optically coupled using polarisation maintaining optical fibre to the first optical modulator 440, the optical oscillator signal is modulated with an amplified (447) and filtered (449) composite signal output by the combiner 425.
  • the optical modulators 440 and 445 are preferably commercially available high frequency Mach-Zehnder (MZ) optical modulators.
  • the first optical modulator 440 is biased at the minimum of its transfer characteristic so that a frequency-doubling effect can be achieved in modulating the laser light (430), preferably output by 50mW DFB laser diode 430, with the amplified oscillator signal (435, 437, 439).
  • Frequency doubling may be achieved by biasing the first optical modulator 440 at either its maximum or minimum. However, it is preferable to bias at the minimum point as this minimises the dc light level at a photo-receiver and thus provides the best noise performance.
  • the result of mixing the 60.5GHz local oscillator signal with the received uplink signal is, amongst other mixing products, an uplink IF signal in the frequency range 1.5-3.5GHz.
  • the mixer output is amplified in an amplifier 655 before filtering out all but the uplink IF signal in the frequency range 1.5-3.5GHz in a band-pass filter 660.
  • the uplink signal converter 330 outputs the uplink IF signal to the uplink optical transmitter 335.
  • the uplink optical transmitter 335 comprises an optical modulator 670 to modulate the uplink IF signal onto an optical carrier signal provided by a laser 675 to generate an uplink optical signal which is then injected into the uplink optical fibre 118 to the base station 100.
  • a preferred mobile transmit/receive interface will now be described, with reference to Figure 8, for use in a mobile terminal unit 120, 125 to enable communication with the base station 100 via the RAUs 110.
  • the mobile transmit/receive interface may be physically mounted and electronically connected to a movable television camera to enable the camera to transmit image data to and receive control data from a central studio, for example, by means of the RAUs 110 and base station 100.
  • components in a preferred mobile terminal unit 120, 125 are shown, including a data source 805, a TV camera for example, linked for uplink communications to the mobile transmit/receive interface 810 by means of a COFDM modulator 815.
  • a downlink signal output from the mobile transmit/receive interface 810 is demodulated in a COFDM demodulator 820 for output (825) to a TV monitor, for example.
  • Both the COFDM modulator 815 and demodulator 820 are arranged to cooperate with the demodulators 240 and modulators 205 respectively, as used in the base station 100.
  • the COFDM modulator 815 includes circuitry to convert a baseband modulated signal into an IF uplink data signal of a predetermined frequency specific to that mobile transmit/receive interface 810, either 1.95GHz or 3.2GHz in the present two-channel example.
  • the COFDM demodulator 820 includes circuitry to convert a downlink IF data signal into a signal of the required frequency for demodulation by the COFDM demodulator 820.
  • a signal transmitted by one or more RAUs 110. in the preferred downlink wireless communication frequency range of 57-59GHz for the present example is received at an antenna 860.
  • the received downlink signal is filtered in a 57-59GHz band-pass filter 865 and amplified in a low-noise amplifier (LNA) 870 before input to a mixer 875 arranged to mix the amplified signal with the local oscillator signal from oscillator 840.
  • LNA low-noise amplifier
  • One of the results of mixing the oscillator signal with a signal in the range 57-59GHz is a downlink IF data signal in the frequency range 1.5-3.5GHz.
  • All other mixer products are blocked in a band-pass filter 880, leaving the downlink IF data signal to be amplified in an IF amplifier 885 for output from the mobile transmit/receive interface 810.
  • the output IF data signal is converted and demodulated in the COFDM demodulator 820 and output (825), for example to a TV monitor.
  • each of the antennae are designed for use with signals in the frequency range 57 to 64GHz, although it would be apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the field of antenna design that the antennae may be designed to operate in other frequency ranges according to the particular application of the apparatus of the present invention.
  • the waveguide assembly 1025 comprises an air-filled polariser, of conventional design, arranged in two parts to emit radiation with circular polarisation into the dielectric lens: a rectangular-sectioned portion 1030 leading to a flattened circular sectioned portion 1035, with appropriately shaped transition sections 1040 and 1045 disposed between the rectangular 1030 and flattened circular 1035 air-filled sections and between the air-filled flattened circular 1035 and dielectric-filled entry hole 1020, respectively. That portion of the hole 1020 not occupied by the waveguide feeder transition section 1045 is filled with dielectric material, preferably the same material as that used for the lens 1005 itself.
  • the feeder 1045 should have a diameter of approximately one wavelength of the signal to be transmitted in order to minimise cross-polarisation.
  • a feeder diameter of 3.9mm has been found to give satifactory results at 60GHz.
  • Circular polarisation is preferred because it enables unbroken communication between fixed and mobile antennae with the antennae in any orientation. It also gives some protection against multipath signals because the first bounce reflection from a nearby object is mainly cross-polarised.
  • a portion of the dielectric material may have a central bore or alternatively have its external radius reduced in order to provide an impedance matching section between the air-filled circular waveguide and dielectric-filled entry hole.

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  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
EP04257101A 2004-11-16 2004-11-16 Linsenantenne Withdrawn EP1657786A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04257101A EP1657786A1 (de) 2004-11-16 2004-11-16 Linsenantenne

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04257101A EP1657786A1 (de) 2004-11-16 2004-11-16 Linsenantenne

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1657786A1 true EP1657786A1 (de) 2006-05-17

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Family Applications (1)

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EP04257101A Withdrawn EP1657786A1 (de) 2004-11-16 2004-11-16 Linsenantenne

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EP (1) EP1657786A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110011075A (zh) * 2019-05-17 2019-07-12 江苏集萃移动通信技术研究所有限公司 一种高性能波束赋形天线及波束赋形方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB688374A (en) * 1948-09-02 1953-03-04 Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) Improvements in or relating to dielectric antennae
US5859615A (en) * 1997-03-11 1999-01-12 Trw Inc. Omnidirectional isotropic antenna
US6310587B1 (en) * 1997-05-30 2001-10-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Antenna for high frequency radio signal transmission
WO2004088793A1 (en) * 2003-03-31 2004-10-14 Bae Systems Plc Low-profile lens antenna

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB688374A (en) * 1948-09-02 1953-03-04 Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) Improvements in or relating to dielectric antennae
US5859615A (en) * 1997-03-11 1999-01-12 Trw Inc. Omnidirectional isotropic antenna
US6310587B1 (en) * 1997-05-30 2001-10-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Antenna for high frequency radio signal transmission
WO2004088793A1 (en) * 2003-03-31 2004-10-14 Bae Systems Plc Low-profile lens antenna

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
FERNANDES C A: "SHAPED DIELECTRIC LENSES FOR WIRELESS MILLIMETER-WAVE COMMUNICATIONS", IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE, IEEE INC, NEW YORK, US, vol. 41, no. 5, October 1999 (1999-10-01), pages 141 - 150, XP000853450, ISSN: 1045-9243 *
FERNANDES J ET AL: "Impact of shaped lens antennas on MBS systems", PERSONAL, INDOOR AND MOBILE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS, 1998. THE NINTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BOSTON, MA, USA 8-11 SEPT. 1998, NEW YORK, NY, USA,IEEE, US, vol. 2, 8 September 1998 (1998-09-08), pages 744 - 748, XP010314551, ISBN: 0-7803-4872-9 *
WU X ET AL: "DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SINGLE- AND MULTIPLE-BEAM MM-WAVE CIRCULARLY POLARIZED SUBSTRATE LENS ANTENNAS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, IEEE INC. NEW YORK, US, vol. 49, no. 3, March 2001 (2001-03-01), pages 431 - 441, XP001086701, ISSN: 0018-9480 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110011075A (zh) * 2019-05-17 2019-07-12 江苏集萃移动通信技术研究所有限公司 一种高性能波束赋形天线及波束赋形方法
CN110011075B (zh) * 2019-05-17 2023-10-13 江苏集萃移动通信技术研究所有限公司 一种高性能波束赋形天线及波束赋形方法

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