EP1656465A1 - Procede de production d'alliages de platine et alliages obtenus au moyen de ce procede - Google Patents

Procede de production d'alliages de platine et alliages obtenus au moyen de ce procede

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Publication number
EP1656465A1
EP1656465A1 EP04744050A EP04744050A EP1656465A1 EP 1656465 A1 EP1656465 A1 EP 1656465A1 EP 04744050 A EP04744050 A EP 04744050A EP 04744050 A EP04744050 A EP 04744050A EP 1656465 A1 EP1656465 A1 EP 1656465A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
platinum
alloys
copper
alloy
heat treatment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04744050A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jozef Wieczored Waclaw
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Melick LLC
Original Assignee
Melick LLC
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Melick LLC filed Critical Melick LLC
Publication of EP1656465A1 publication Critical patent/EP1656465A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
    • C22C5/04—Alloys based on a platinum group metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing platinum alloys and alloys which can be obtained using this method.
  • the method and the alloys forming the subject of the present invention may be advantageously used in the manufacturing industry for the production of semifinished articles made of precious alloys.
  • Background art As is known, platinum, together with silver and gold, is one of the preferred metals widely used for the production of jewellery articles, among other things owing to its chemical stability and its aesthetic properties and colour which remain unchanged over time- Platinum, moreover, is distinguished by a high degree of malleability and ductility.
  • platinum and its alloys are widely used for setting precious stones, in particular diamonds, mainly because of their somewhat “neutral” colour which increases the brilliance of the stones. Consequently, as is known, nowadays the most famous diamonds are nearly all set in platinum mountings.
  • platinum content of a product is usually indicated by means of a content - referred to as "platinum content" - which is generally expressed as a fraction, i.e. thousandth part, of a metal with respect to the total weight of the said product .
  • the platinum alloys which are currently used in the precious stones industry have standardized content, i.e. 850/1000, 900/1000 or 950/1000.
  • the same content may also be expressed in carats (Kt) , in which case the fraction of metal with respect to the overall weight of the product is expressed as a twenty-fourth part (1/24) , instead of a thousandth part, as indicated by the platinum content.
  • Kt carats
  • the choice of content and metals which make up the alloy together with platinum commonly referred to in the technical sector as "alloying elements" generally depends on commercial factors and the type of product which is to be obtained.
  • the alloying elements which are currently most frequently used are cobalt (Co) , iridium (Ir) , gold (Au) , palladium (Pd) , rhodium (Rh) and rhutenium (Ru) .
  • Co cobalt
  • Ir iridium
  • Au gold
  • Pd palladium
  • Rh rhodium
  • Ru rhutenium
  • the furnaces which are traditionally used for the processing of gold and silver alloys usually operate at temperatures which are much lower than those envisaged for platinum or its alloys .
  • the welding of semifinished articles made of platinum alloys is equally problematic owing to the high melting temperature of platinum which is not normally reached by the apparatus intended for the welding of gold alloys.
  • Welding with weld material at a lower melting temperature, such as for example braze-welding although it is able to solve the problem associated with the high welding temperatures of platinum, is not convenient from a cost point of view considering the processing steps as a whole.
  • the use of impure weld material results in variations in the content of the finished product, which must be necessarily taken into account, in some cases using complex calculations, in order to determine the final content.
  • platinum alloys with fairly high fractions of platinum.
  • the platinum content of the semifinished articles would need to be determined beforehand, at the time of melting, by calculating the number of welding operations necessary for achieving the end product.
  • the management of a high and variable number of melting operations involving different platinum content is generally not practical and cost-effective.
  • the platinum alloys currently available on the market are distinguished, in mechanical terms, by a low elongation capacity, which limits the production of elongate semifinished articles in particular for chains, bands and the like.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide platinum alloys having aesthetic properties which are comparable to those of the present platinum alloys and possessing mechanical machinability properties, and in particular percentage elongation values, which are comparable to those of the current gold and silver alloys .
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide platinum alloys which are aesthetically similar to the platinum alloys which are currently available commercially, but which are able to undergo welding and diamond-cutting operations with time and cost factors comparable to those of gold and silver alloys.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an economically simple and reliable method for the production of platinum alloys having mechanical machinability properties which are comparable to those of the current gold alloys.
  • the platinum alloys obtained with the method according to the invention are distinguished by elongation values ranging between 30% and 60% and comparable to the elongation values of traditional gold alloys. These alloys are thus cold-machinable with rolling and annealing cycles which are decidedly shorter than those envisaged for the current platinum alloys.
  • the same platinum alloys according to the invention it is possible to produce articles with a hollow core, such as hollow chains.
  • a further advantage consists in the fact that the articles produced using the platinum alloys according to the invention may now undergo diamond-cutting operations resulting in wear of the tools which is comparable to that which can be encountered with gold alloys.
  • the platinum alloys according to the invention may be welded using blowtorch and laser techniques with execution times and procedures typical of gold and silver alloys.
  • the method according to the present invention envisages processing steps which are simple to manage from a production point of view and which allow the method to be adapted in a flexible manner to the market requirements .
  • the present invention relates to a method for producing platinum alloys, which comprises essentially the operating steps listed below: - A melting step; - A heat treatment step of the fusion product ,- - A final cooling step of the fusion product following the heat treatment step.
  • the melting step will be indicated by F, the heat treatment step with T and the final cooling step with R2. More in detail, once the platinum content to be obtained in the alloy has been defined, melting of a predefined and corresponding quantity of platinum and a predefined and corresponding quantity of copper is performed so as to obtain a fusion product with a corresponding predetermined platinum content.
  • the method according to the present invention envisages preferably the use of copper as a sole alloying element, although it is also possible to envisage methods which also use other alloying elements, albeit in smaller amounts, but nevertheless falling with the scope of protection of the present invention.
  • a particular solidus temperature Ti and a particular liquidus temperature Ti ' correspond to each platinum content value.
  • these two temperatures vary depending on the content of the binary alloy, respectively tracing a solidus curve, indicated in the diagram by S, and a liquidus curve, indicated by L.
  • these two curves S and L identify the temperature range within which the binary alloy is in a condition of solid/liquid equilibrium, namely partially liquid and partially solid.
  • the melting step F is performed at temperatures equal to and preferably higher than the liquidus temperature T ⁇ J , for a time period sufficient to convert the entire mass of materials to be melted into the liquid state and obtain a substantially homogeneous fusion product.
  • smelting furnaces of the known type able to reach the required melting temperatures.
  • phase separation products such as for example Cu 3 Pt and CuPt
  • phase separation products may be produced within a solidified platinum/copper alloy.
  • These compounds are chemically stable only within given temperature ranges (referred to below as “stability ranges") which in the state diagram according to Figure 1 are defined by the curves shown in broken lines underneath the solidus curve S and liquidus curve L. These curves shown in broken lines identify, for each platinum content value, an upper limit temperature T 2 of stability of these phase separation compounds.
  • the melting step F is followed by the heat treatment step T which consists substantially in keeping the fusion product at temperatures within the range lying between the solidus temperature ⁇ and the abovementioned upper limit temperature T 2 where these phase separation compounds are stable, for a time period ranging between 2 and 20 hours.
  • the heat treatment step T it is possible to eliminate preferential segregation which occurs during solidification of the fusion product, avoiding moreover the further formation of phase separation compounds otherwise present in the crystal structure.
  • This treatment T allows the destruction of compounds which may have already formed, therefore resulting in a homogeneous distribution of the elements which form the alloy and a crystal structure devoid of phase separation products.
  • the heat treatment T is performed at a temperature about 100°C higher than the abovementioned limit temperature T 2 , in order to optimize the duration of the heat treatment T and the necessary energy consumption.
  • the duration of the heat treatment T diminishes with an increase in the operating temperature at which this treatment is performed.
  • the temperature is dependent also on the performance of the type of furnace used. It is possible, nevertheless, to perform the heat treatment T at temperatures which are higher and close to the solidus temperature so as to favour in kinetic terms the processes which eliminate the segregation and phase separation products and reduce the duration of the heat treatment T.
  • the platinum/copper alloys according to the invention advantageously have platinum contents ranging between 400/1000 and 800/1000 and preferably between 400/1000 and 600/1000, so as to perform the abovementioned heat treatment T by means of furnaces generally used in the gold industry.
  • the heat treatment step T follows the final cooling step R2 , which consists in cooling down to room temperature the alloy obtained after the heat treatment step T with cooling speeds equal to or higher than 20°C/min
  • This final cooling step R2 is essential for bringing down to room temperature the alloy with a homogeneous crystal structure devoid of phase separation products, as obtained at the end of the heat treatment T.
  • the values indicated above for the cooling speed allow to avoid, firstly, an excessive increase in size of the crystal grain of the alloy and, secondly, the formation of phase separation products inside the said crystal grain during the final cooling stage R2 performed within the stability ranges of these separation products.
  • the final cooling step R2 may also be advantageously performed using a quenching process.
  • the platinum/copper alloys obtained according to this method are distinguished by a crystal structure devoid of phase separation compounds. These same alloys are also distinguished by aesthetic properties comparable to those of the current platinum alloys and by mechanical machinability properties and in particular elongation properties comparable to those of the current gold and silver alloys.
  • the final colour of the platinum alloy is particularly important in the jewellery sector.
  • the platinum content or platinum content is chosen in the range of between 400/1000 and 800/1000 and, as seen, advantageously between 400/1000 and 600/1000, where the dominance of the platinum colour over the copper colour is surprisingly noted.
  • the term "dominance” is understood as meaning the prevalence, in chromatic terms, of a first component over a second component, so that the colour of the final alloy obtained from mixing of the two components is closer to the colour of the first component.
  • the dominance of the colour of one component over the colour of another component within an alloy is not necessarily solely attributable to their percentage weight within the said alloy.
  • the same method may envisage, however, using also different alloying elements, in addition to copper, as the main alloying element without thereby departing from the inventive idea of the method claimed.
  • SEM scanning electron microscope
  • the platinum alloys obtained using the method according to the present invention are distinguished by elongation values ranging between 30% and 60%. These elongation values are physically justifiable in these alloys precisely owing to the lack of preferential segregation and of phase separation compounds, such as Cu 3 Pt or CuPt . These same compounds are instead present in the Pt-Cu alloys, as can be observed from the status diagram for Pt-Cu alloys shown in Figure 1, and reduce considerably the cold elongation of the material, obstructing the movements within the crystal structure. Tensile tests carried on Pt-Cu alloy samples which have these phase separation product divisions in their crystal structure have in fact produced elongation values which are close to 0% and which make cold-working of these alloys absolutely impossible.
  • the wear of the diamond-coated tools was entirely comparable to that found during diamond-cutting of the usual gold alloys and well-known to the person skilled in the art. Therefore, the diamond cutting technique, which was use to limited extent on the platinum alloys known hitherto owing to the extremely high operating costs, may now be used extensively on alloys obtained with the method according to the invention without any problems and in an entirely cost-effective manner, as already occurs in the case of gold alloys.
  • a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is schematically illustrated in Figure 3 which relates in particular to a platinum/copper alloy with a platinum content of 585/1000.
  • the melting step F is distinguished by an operating temperature about 100°C above the liquidus temperature of the mixture of alloying elements.
  • an intermediate cooling step indicated with Rl which allows to bring the fusion product to room temperature. Cooling may be performed using a quenching, as indicated with the vertical line in the graph of Figure 3, or alternatively may be carried out at a cooling speed equal to or greater than 20°C/min.
  • the product obtained after this intermediate cooling step Rl is subjected to a heating step C which allows to bring the fusion product up to the operative temperature to which the heat treatment is carried out .
  • the heating speeds can be chosen in the range of between l°C/min to 15°C/min. A preferred value for the heating speed is 10°C/min.
  • This heating step C is then followed by the heat treatment T which, as already mentioned, consists in keeping the fusion product at temperatures of between the solidus temperature T x and the above mentioned limit temperature T 2 of stability of the phase separation products, for a period of time chosen from the range of 2 to 20 hours.
  • T heat treatment
  • a final cooling step R2 down to room temperature is envisaged at the end of the heat treatment T. This is achieved by means of a quenching process or can alternatively be achieved with a cooling speed equal to or greater than 20°C/min.
  • FIG. 2 , 4 and 5 Another embodiment of the method is schematically shown in Figures 2 , 4 and 5 which respectively relate to alloy with a platinum content of 585/1000, 417/1000 and 800/1000.
  • the working process is envisaged without interruption between the different steps.
  • a intermediate cooling step Rl is envisaged in order to cool the fusion product down to temperatures envisaged for the heat treatment.
  • the cooling speeds are chosen from the range of l°C/min to 20°C/min.
  • a preferred value for the cooling speed is of 3°C/min.
  • the heat treatment T is envisaged.
  • Preferred values for the temperature and treatment times are 1000°C for 5 hours, as indicated both in Figure 2 and in Figure 4, or 1400°C for 2 hours, as indicated in Figure 5.
  • the heat treatment T is followed by the final cooling step R2 down to room temperature with a cooling speed equal to or greater than 20°C/min.
  • the final cooling step R2 it is also possible to vary the cooling speed, as shown by the varyingly inclined sections of the thermal profile of the step R2 illustrated in the graphs of Figures 4 and 5.
  • the step R2 may be performed also by means of quenching process.
  • this second embodiment of the method allows a reduction in the processing times for a single part since interruptions in the production process are not envisaged.
  • the method according to both embodiments illustrated envisages preferably that the melting step is performed in a controlled atmosphere achieved by means of a vacuum or by means of an inert gas flow. It is thus possible to avoid forming of oxidation products in the fusion products (for instance copper protoxides) which are hard to eliminate with the heat treatment T according to the invention, thus ensuring a greater quality of the end products .
  • Example 1 Preparation of a Pt-Cu alloy with 585/1000 platinum content 87.745 g of Pt and 62.318 g of Cu, both in powder form, were mixed together so as to obtain a homogeneous mixture of powders .
  • the mixture was then placed in an alumina crucible.
  • the total weight of the crucible and the mixed powders was equal to 277.6 g.
  • the crucible containing the powders was placed in a tubular furnace, leaving it in a flow of argon (Ar) for about one hour so as to eliminate the oxygen from the furnace, before the start of the process.
  • the melting step F was carried out in the argon flow.
  • fusion of the mixture was achieved at 1500°C with a heating speed of about 3°C/min.
  • the fusion product was then cooled (intermediate cooling step -Rl) at a speed of about 3°C/min down to 1000°C, continuing with the heat treatment T at this temperature for about 5 hours.
  • the final cooling step R2 was performed at a cooling speed of about 20°C/min down to room temperature .
  • the abovementioned process produced a brilliant light grey block without traces of oxidation, having a rough surface, especially the surface not making contact with the walls of the crucible.
  • the weight of the crucible and the sample was equal to about 276.7 g, with a weight loss of 0.9 g, equivalent to less than 1% of the total weight of the alloy.
  • the alloy thus obtained had a platinum content of
  • Example 2 Preparation of a Pt-Cu alloy with 585/1000 platinum content 87.745 g of Pt and 62.318 g of Cu, both in powder form, were mixed together so as to obtain a homogeneous mixture of powders. The mixture was then placed in an alumina crucible . The total weight of the crucible and the mixed powders was equal to 277.6 g.
  • the crucible containing the powders was placed in a tubular furnace, leaving it in a flow of argon (Ar) for about one hour so as to eliminate the oxygen from the furnace, before the start of the process.
  • the melting step F was carried out in the argon flow.
  • the melting step F at 1500°C was followed by intermediate cooling step Rl to room temperature by means of quenching process, as illustrated in the graph shown in Fig. 3, producing a grey coloured block of rough product .
  • the process was continued with heating to 1000°C (heating step C) , at a speed of about 10°C/min.
  • the heat treatment T at 1000°C lasted about 7 hours, followed then by the final cooling R2 to room temperature by means of quenching process.
  • Example 2 An end product with the same characteristics as that obtained in Example 1 was obtained, said product having a platinum content of 585/1000 (14Kt) .
  • a sample of the product was subjected to analysis by means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and using the EDAX (Energy Dispersion X-ray) technique.
  • SEM scanning electron microscope
  • EDAX Electronic Dispersion X-ray
  • the SEM microphotograph of Fig. 6 shows the granular structure of the sample not subjected to heat treatment T. It is possible to note a certain number of distinctly non-homogeneous zones characterized by divisions of phase separation products.
  • the results of the EDAX concentration analyses carried out at various points on this sample produced concentration values which have a 10% deviation from the average platinum content of 585/1000 of the product.
  • Example 3 Preparation of a Pt-Cu alloy with 417/1000 platinum content 66.72 g of platinum powder and 93.28 g of copper powder were mixed together. The mixed powder was introduced into the furnace according to Example 1, inside an alumina crucible. The powders together with the crucible had a total weight of 286.9 g.
  • a flow of argon was circulated inside the furnace for one hour so as to eliminate the oxygen from the chamber of the furnace.
  • the steps of the process are illustrated in sequence in the graph according to Fig. 4.
  • the end product with a platinum content of 417/1000 consisted of a block of brilliant light grey colour.
  • Example 4 Preparation of a Pt-Cu alloy with 800/1000 platinum content 128 g of platinum powder and 32 g of copper powder were mixed together.
  • the mixed powder was introduced into the furnace inside an alumina crucible.
  • the total weight of the powders and the crucible was 286.9 g.
  • argon was circulated for one hour so as to eliminate the oxygen from the furnace chamber.
  • the process steps are illustrated in the graph shown in Fig.
  • the end product with a platinum content of 800/1000 consisted of a block with a brilliant light grey colour. * * * *
  • the platinum/copper alloys obtained with the processes described in the Examples are distinguished by mechanical machinability properties and in particular suitability for elongation, welding and diamond-cutting, which are entirely comparable to those properties which can be found in gold alloys of the traditional type and are well-known to a person skilled in the art. These machinability properties must be considered in particular with reference to use of machinery for welding, diamond- cutting and rolling operations which are entirely conventional in the gold and silver processing sector.
  • platinum/copper alloys have also proved to be suitable for processing using alternate annealing and rolling processes so as to obtain sheets and semifinished articles which can be worked in a manner which is entirely comparable to the equivalent sheets and equivalent semifinished articles made of gold alloy.
  • articles of jewellery which had a colour and aesthetic properties similar to those of platinum with contents equal to 800/1000, 850/1000 or 950/1000 were obtained.
  • the elongation values of these alloys were between 30% and 60%.
  • the articles were processed using standard apparatus used for the processing of gold alloys, with processing times comparable to those of the gold sector and suitability for welding both with weld material and without weld material .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de production d'alliages de platine/cuivre comprenant les étapes consistant à faire fondre en atmosphère contrôlée des pièces et/ou des poudres de platine et de cuivre présentant un rapport prédéterminé et à soumettre le produit de fusion ainsi obtenu à un traitement thermique pour produire un alliage de platine/cuivre dépourvu de produits de séparation de phase et pouvant être aisément travaillé à la manière d'un alliage à base d'or.
EP04744050A 2003-08-13 2004-07-16 Procede de production d'alliages de platine et alliages obtenus au moyen de ce procede Withdrawn EP1656465A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITPD20030187 ITPD20030187A1 (it) 2003-08-13 2003-08-13 Procedimento per realizzare leghe di platino e leghe
PCT/IB2004/002392 WO2005017224A1 (fr) 2003-08-13 2004-07-16 Procede de production d'alliages de platine et alliages obtenus au moyen de ce procede

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1656465A1 true EP1656465A1 (fr) 2006-05-17

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EP04744050A Withdrawn EP1656465A1 (fr) 2003-08-13 2004-07-16 Procede de production d'alliages de platine et alliages obtenus au moyen de ce procede

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1656465A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1867690A (fr)
IT (1) ITPD20030187A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005017224A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITPD20130003A1 (it) * 2013-01-11 2014-07-12 Legor Group S P A Composizione di lega madre per la produzione di leghe di oro con innovativo sistema di affinatori e lega di oro ottenuta mediante tale composizione di lega madre

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2273806A (en) * 1941-04-24 1942-02-17 Int Nickel Co Platinum alloy
US4507156A (en) * 1984-04-09 1985-03-26 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Creep resistant dispersion strengthened metals
DE3712839C1 (en) * 1987-04-15 1988-04-21 Degussa Use of platinum alloys having spring properties for jewellery pieces
JPH03100159A (ja) * 1989-09-12 1991-04-25 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol 光輝ある黒色に着色した白金合金とその着色法
US5045280A (en) * 1989-10-04 1991-09-03 Mintek Intermetallic compounds
US5846352A (en) * 1996-11-22 1998-12-08 Kretchmer; Steven Heat treatment of a platinum-gallium alloy for jewelry
US6372060B1 (en) * 2000-02-14 2002-04-16 Keith Weinstein Platinum solder

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2005017224A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITPD20030187A1 (it) 2005-02-14
WO2005017224A1 (fr) 2005-02-24
CN1867690A (zh) 2006-11-22

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