EP1656194B1 - Element filtrant ceramique pour la purification de l'eau - Google Patents

Element filtrant ceramique pour la purification de l'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1656194B1
EP1656194B1 EP04762527A EP04762527A EP1656194B1 EP 1656194 B1 EP1656194 B1 EP 1656194B1 EP 04762527 A EP04762527 A EP 04762527A EP 04762527 A EP04762527 A EP 04762527A EP 1656194 B1 EP1656194 B1 EP 1656194B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter element
ceramic filter
housing
water
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP04762527A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1656194A1 (fr
Inventor
Olaf Binkle
Ralph Nonninger
Harald Rohde
Romeo Volz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Itn Nanovation AG
Original Assignee
Itn Nanovation AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Itn Nanovation AG filed Critical Itn Nanovation AG
Publication of EP1656194A1 publication Critical patent/EP1656194A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1656194B1 publication Critical patent/EP1656194B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/06—Tubular membrane modules
    • B01D63/066—Tubular membrane modules with a porous block having membrane coated passages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/003—Membrane bonding or sealing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
    • B01D67/0041—Inorganic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles in the dry state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
    • B01D67/0041—Inorganic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles in the dry state
    • B01D67/00411—Inorganic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles in the dry state by sintering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
    • B01D67/0088—Physical treatment with compounds, e.g. swelling, coating or impregnation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/04—Tubular membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/02—Inorganic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/02—Inorganic material
    • B01D71/0215—Silicon carbide; Silicon nitride; Silicon oxycarbide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/02—Inorganic material
    • B01D71/024—Oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C02F1/002—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using small portable filters for producing potable water, e.g. personal travel or emergency equipment, survival kits, combat gear
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C02F1/003—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using household-type filters for producing potable water, e.g. pitchers, bottles, faucet mounted devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
    • B01D2325/24—Mechanical properties, e.g. strength
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
    • C02F1/505—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment by oligodynamic treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a filter with a ceramic filter element for the purification of water.
  • Sewage treatment plants, seawater desalination plants, etc. serve to address the water problem on a large scale.
  • these measures are very cost-intensive, more than half of the world's population already lives today with poor quality, in most cases germinated drinking water.
  • drinking water is bought in canisters on the market. The individual's need for clean drinking water does not start far away from civilization, when drinking water can only be obtained from pools, streams, fountains or rivers, but much earlier.
  • the company Doulton uses so-called ceramic candles as the outer shell of their filters.
  • ceramic candles which have no filter function, are permeable to water and contain silver ions, which promote the sterilization.
  • These candles are filled with the actual filter material activated carbon, which can adsorb the pollutants due to their high surface area and thus cleans the water.
  • the object of the invention is to develop a new water filter, which has a simple, cost-effective separation principle, realized easy handling, mechanically, chemically and physically stable over a wide temperature range and, moreover, easy to clean.
  • the object is achieved by a filter with a ceramic filter element according to claim 1.
  • the filter element consists of a tubular body formed of at least one wall and at least one over the entire length of the tubular body Passage opening is formed, wherein the at least one wall is formed as a functional layer or as a carrier with a functional coating and the water to be filtered pressurized flows either from the outer surface into the passage opening or via the inner surface of the passage opening to the outer surface of the ceramic filter element.
  • the ceramic filter element is installed in a housing which has a water outlet and preferably at an open first end of the passage opening a water inlet, wherein the housing has a, an open second end of the passage opening closing, screw plug.
  • the passage opening is opened, whereby a flushing of the filter element is made possible without complete disassembly.
  • the closure screw is removed from the housing and the ceramic filter element can be traversed over its entire axial length of liquid for cleaning purposes.
  • the ceramic filter element can be traversed over its entire axial length of liquid for cleaning purposes.
  • functional layer in this context a ceramic molding or a ceramic layer of any thickness, through which the filter function is exercised.
  • the thickness of the wall can be different seen over the cross section of the filter element.
  • a ceramic filter element which can be manufactured in a compact design, for example with a diameter of 2.5 cm to 3.5 cm and a length of about 15 cm. This makes it easy to transport.
  • the ceramic filter element Can be used for filtration of any contaminated water and can be operated in different ways. It is mechanically stable to polymer filters, chemically inert and resistant to high temperatures. On the temperature during sintering (fire) and the particle size of the materials used in the ceramic filter elements can also continue to tailor the pore size distribution of the ceramic filter element tailor made, so that, for example, bacteria or virus filter can be represented.
  • these ceramic filter elements can also be optionally provided with silver ion-containing compounds, which in turn have a bactericidal effect.
  • the ceramic filter element can be easily cleaned by brushing, backwashing or by boiling in water and is suitable for long-term use without restriction. However, cleaning is also via a chemical treatment, e.g. possible with oxidizing agents or acids.
  • the ceramic filter element is formed as a rod-shaped element in cross-section circular with a plurality of passage openings, then a large filter surface can be created with the smallest external dimensions.
  • the ceramic filter element is produced by a sintering process from chemical compounds from the group of chalcogenides, preferably oxides and / or sulfides and / or carbides or nitrides. These are (optionally hydrated) oxides of, for example, the following elements: Zn, Ce, Sn, Al, B, Si, Ti, Zr, Y, La, Fe, Cu, Ag, Ta, Nb, V, Mo or W, preferably ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , Ce x O y , Fe x O y , ZnO, Y 2 O 3 , SnO 2 , and SiO 2 , but also phosphates, silicates, aluminates and stannates, eg barium stannate, sulfides of eg Zn and Ag, carbides of, for example, W or Si, nitrides of, for example, Al, Si or Ti, corresponding mixed oxides, such as metal-t
  • the ceramic filter elements can be made exclusively from the aforementioned mixtures or the ceramic filter elements are coated on the inner and / or outer surface, wherein the individual coatings may consist of the aforementioned powder mixtures. Coatings are made coating thicknesses of preferably 100 nm to 200 microns and predominantly coating thicknesses of 2 microns to 100 microns are used.
  • the ceramic filter elements are produced exclusively from a functional layer, then these functional layers can be made porous after application with pores in the size range from 100 nm to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the pore distribution can be chosen very narrow or wide spread as needed.
  • the ceramic filter elements are made of a carrier and a functional coating, the carrier usually has a pore size of 1 to 2 ⁇ m and the coatings have a pore size which is always smaller than the particles of the substance to be filtered out.
  • the ceramic filter element has a mouthpiece.
  • the ceramic filter element can also be operated by applying a vacuum. In the simplest case by immersing the ceramic filter element with a closed end, so preferably with the end closed with the screw plug, in dirty water and at the open end of the ceramic filter element forms a mouthpiece.
  • the ceramic filter element according to the invention can be used in this context as a straw. Also conceivable are embodiments without a mouthpiece.
  • the ceramic filter element is installed in a housing having a water inlet and a water outlet, it can be screwed to any faucet and is thus suitable for mass use and extremely user-friendly. Typical pressures from water pipes of 2 to 6 bar are sufficient for the filtration of dirty water.
  • quick fasteners for coupling to fittings and / or hoses can be attached and / or formed on the housing cover and / or housing body.
  • the ceramic filter element can be connected to any common water supply. This can be done via a screw cap or via a so-called quick release (for example Gardena system) or all types of closure known to those skilled in the art.
  • the ceramic filter element can also be operated when the dirty water conveying pressure does not come from a water pipe system.
  • the housing is preferably formed in several parts from a housing cover and a housing body in this context. This has the advantage that the ceramic filter element can be easily maintained and cleaned. Either the ceramic filter element to be cleaned or replaced can be exchanged by opening the housing or by removing the screw plug by a simple twist and thus achieving a very efficient backwash for cleaning the filter.
  • the housing has a multi-part construction, then the individual housing parts are connected to each other in a liquid-tight detachable manner. This has the advantage that the ceramic filter element according to the invention can be operated pressurized.
  • the ceramic filter element made of a coarsely porous carrier and a thin functional coating formed for the actual Pore size distribution is responsible, this has the advantage that a water to be filtered through the coarse-porous carrier with less resistance can flow through this carrier. With this measure, the flow rates can be significantly increased compared to fine-pored filter elements that have this fine-pored structure over their entire cross-section and the efficiency of the ceramic filter element used is increased.
  • the housing interior surfaces and the ceramic filter element itself may be biocidally and / or coated and / or treated with a material containing silver ions. This extends the possible uses of the ceramic filter element.
  • Fig. 1 shows a ceramic filter element 10 in a vertical section with walls 11 made of a porous sintered material and passage openings 12, through which either the water to be filtered or the filtrate can flow.
  • the ceramic filter element 10 has an open first end 13 and an open second end 14.
  • Amströmeurosen for the water to be filtered are indicated by the arrows 15 and 16. If one of the ends 13, 14 is closed, a water to be filtered can be pressurized through the walls of an inner surface 17 or an outer surface 18.
  • a fine-pored coating may additionally be applied to the inner surface 17 or to the outer surface 18.
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a ceramic filter element according to II-II of FIG. 1.
  • the ceramic filter element 10 is of circular design and has a plurality of passage openings 12. Between the individual passage openings 12 walls 11 are formed which serve partially or completely as a filter surface.
  • the inner surface 17 and / or the outer surface 18 may have functional coatings which are matched to the application areas of the respective ceramic filter elements 10 according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section of a filter according to the invention with a ceramic filter element 10, as it is installed in a housing consisting of a housing cover 19, a housing body 20.
  • the housing cover 19 has a water inlet 21 and the housing body 20 has a water outlet 22.
  • the water to be treated flows through the water inlet 21 through the housing cover 19 into the ceramic Filter element 10 and leaves via the water outlet 22 as a filtrate housing.
  • the housing itself is pressure-stable and can be made of plastic or metal.
  • a screw plug 23 is provided, which can be unscrewed from the housing body 20 for backwashing and for cleaning the ceramic filter element 10.
  • the ceramic filter element 10 is inserted via seals 24 in the housing body 20 and in the housing cover 19 and also the closure screw 23 is liquid-tight screwed into the housing body 20.
  • the housing cover 19 is detachable, but liquid and pressure-tight connected to the housing body 20.
  • Fig. 4 shows a filter according to the invention in longitudinal section.
  • the filter element of the filter is constructed according to the filter element shown in Fig. 3, but in addition has an activated carbon filter element 30 which surrounds the tubular body of the ceramic filter element 10.
  • the activated carbon filter element 30 and the tubular body of the ceramic filter element 10 are integrated into the housing, which has a water inlet 21 and a water outlet 22.
  • the activated carbon filter element 30 is sealingly arranged around the tubular body of the ceramic filter element 10 by means of a respective sealing seat 31.
  • the water to be filtered flows pressurized, so it is a forced flow formed over the inner surface of the passage openings to the outer surface of the tubular body and further through the activated carbon filter element 30, ie from the inside to the outside.
  • the water to be purified flows successively through the tubular body of the ceramic filter element 10 and the activated carbon filter element 30.
  • the activated carbon filter element can also be formed from a loose bed of activated carbon. A sealing seat can then be omitted.
  • the activated carbon filter element 30 serves, for example, for the removal of organic flavorings and / or chlorine from the water to be filtered.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément filtrant céramique (10) pour la purification de l'eau, lequel se présente sous la forme d'un corps tubulaire qui est constitué d'au moins une paroi (11) et est traversé, sur toute sa longueur, par au moins une ouverture de passage (12). La paroi (11) se présente sous la forme d'une couche fonctionnelle ou d'un support pourvu d'un revêtement fonctionnel. L'eau à filtrer, soumise à une pression, traverse la surface extérieure (18) et sort dans l'ouverture de passage (12), ou bien l'eau à filtrer, soumise à une pression, s'écoule de la surface intérieure (17) de l'ouverture de passage (12) à la surface extérieure (18) de l'élément filtrant céramique (10). Une extrémité de l'ouverture de passage (12) est fermée par un bouchon filetée (23) vissé dans le logement (20) de l'élément filtrant.

Claims (9)

  1. Filtre comprenant un carter et un élément filtrant céramique (10) pour la purification de l'eau, constitué d'un corps de forme tubulaire qui est formé par au moins une paroi (11) et au moins une ouverture de passage (12) réalisée sur la totalité de la longueur du corps de forme tubulaire, ladite au moins une paroi (11) étant réalisée en tant que couche fonctionnelle ou en tant que support ou substrat d'un revêtement fonctionnel, et l'eau à filtrer s'écoulant, soumise à pression, soit de la surface extérieure (18) dans l'ouverture de passage (12), soit à partir de la surface intérieure (17) de l'ouverture de passage (12) vers la surface extérieure (18) de l'élément filtrant céramique (10),
    caractérisé en ce que l'élément filtrant céramique (10) est monté dans le carter qui comporte un écoulement de sortie d'eau (22) et, de préférence à une première extrémité (13) ouverte de l'ouverture de passage (12), une arrivée d'entrée d'eau (21), le carter comprenant une vis de fermeture (23) qui obture une deuxième extrémité (14) ouverte de l'ouverture de passage (12), et l'ouverture de passage (12) pouvant être ouverte par dévissage de la vis de fermeture (23), en permettant ainsi un rinçage de l'élément filtrant (10) sans démontage complet du filtre.
  2. Filtre selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'élément filtrant céramique (10) est réalisé en tant qu'élément en forme de barre de section transversale ronde circulaire, avec plusieurs ouvertures de passage (12).
  3. Filtre selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'élément filtrant céramique (10) est fabriqué à l'aide d'un procédé de frittage de composés chimiques du groupe des chalcogénures, de préférence des oxydes et/ou des sulfures et/ou des carbures et/ou des nitrures.
  4. Filtre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le corps de forme tubulaire de l'élément filtrant céramique (10) est enveloppé par un élément filtrant à charbon actif (30).
  5. Filtre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'élément filtrant céramique (10) présente un embout buccal.
  6. Filtre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le carter est réalisé en plusieurs parties, à savoir un couvercle de carter (19) et un corps de carter (20), les parties individuelles du carter étant assemblées les unes aux autres de manière démontable et étanche aux liquides.
  7. Filtre selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que sur le couvercle de carter (19) et/ou sur le corps de carter (20) peuvent être rapportés et/ou sont réalisés des raccords, de préférence des raccords rapides, pour le couplage à des systèmes de robinetteries et/ou à des tuyaux.
  8. Filtre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'élément filtrant céramique (10) est formé par un support ou substrat à pores grossiers et un revêtement fonctionnel à pores fins.
  9. Filtre selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'élément filtrant céramique (10) est revêtu et/ou traité biocide et/ou avec une matière renfermant des ions argent.
EP04762527A 2003-08-01 2004-07-28 Element filtrant ceramique pour la purification de l'eau Not-in-force EP1656194B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10335343A DE10335343A1 (de) 2003-08-01 2003-08-01 Keramisches Filterelement zur Reinigung von Wasser
PCT/DE2004/001682 WO2005011839A1 (fr) 2003-08-01 2004-07-28 Element filtrant ceramique pour la purification de l'eau

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1656194A1 EP1656194A1 (fr) 2006-05-17
EP1656194B1 true EP1656194B1 (fr) 2007-11-28

Family

ID=34111851

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04762527A Not-in-force EP1656194B1 (fr) 2003-08-01 2004-07-28 Element filtrant ceramique pour la purification de l'eau

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20080197069A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1656194B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1842362A (fr)
DE (2) DE10335343A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2295902T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005011839A1 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
EP1656194A1 (fr) 2006-05-17
US20080197069A1 (en) 2008-08-21
DE10335343A1 (de) 2005-03-03
WO2005011839A1 (fr) 2005-02-10
CN1842362A (zh) 2006-10-04
DE502004005616D1 (de) 2008-01-10
ES2295902T3 (es) 2008-04-16

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