EP1650402A1 - Method and apparatus for making tunnels by means of shield advancement - Google Patents

Abstract

The propulsion device has to be driven through a pilot opening in the wall (3). The forces resulting from the process are guided into a pressure ring (4) located behind the device by threaded pulling bars (7) arranged longitudinally along the outer surface of the device and joined with their outer ends to the wall (3), the pressure ring (4) respectively. A pressure element (5) with a hollow piston can be positioned between the pressure ring (4) and a securing nut (11).

Description

The invention relates to a method for Schildanfahrt for the production of tunnel tubes by shield tunneling, wherein a tunneling machine is driven by a passage opening a Anfahrwand and wherein the Anfahrkräfte the tunneling machine are introduced during the start-up in a arranged behind the tunneling pressure ring. The invention further relates to a device for carrying out this method.

The invention thus relates to the production of the beginning of a tunnel tube on a starting wall, for example a slot wall, before the actual so-called rule propulsion begins, in which the tunnel wall is lined with tubbings. In the Anfahrwand is usually a vertical boundary wall of a shaft or launch shaft. In the context of the invention, the term shield starting or starting operation means the initial introduction of the tunneling machine through the passage opening of the starting wall. The tunneling machine is also referred to as a tunnel boring machine or shield tunneling machine. This tunneling machine usually has a cutting wheel and a shield. The tunneling machine is moved in the known measures usually with the help of jacking presses in the direction of the working face. The jacking presses are based on the start of the pressure ring. After the starting process has ended and the pressure ring has become inoperative, the pressure ring can be removed. Then the rule propulsion is continued, in which the propulsion presses are supported on the end faces of the already built Bauwerkstübbings. - With starting forces of the tunneling machine in the context of the invention, in particular the pressure forces are meant, which are forwarded to the pressure ring during cutting with the cutting wheel of the tunneling machine and / or the propulsion of the tunneling machine. The Anfahrkräfte but also include the pressure forces resulting from load effects of earth and water pressure result and be forwarded to the pressure ring. These starting forces are usually very significant.

From practice, it is known to support the pressure ring by means of a complex steel structure, which is arranged behind the pressure ring and serves as an abutment for the propulsion tunneling machine. The starting forces of the jacking presses of the tunneling machine are introduced here by a successively larger number of intermediate dummy rings and the pressure ring in the steel structure. The steel construction and the dummy rings make a complex assembly and disassembly (deconstruction) required. In that regard, these measures cause considerable costs and the Anfahrsituation the shield tunneling is therefore in need of improvement in economic terms. Incidentally, the very complex assembly and disassembly work is associated with a not insignificant accident risk for the employees involved. Here, too, there is an urgent need to significantly reduce this risk of accidents.

Therefore, the invention is based on the technical problem of specifying a method with which a simple and inexpensive Schildanfahren is possible and with the above-described disadvantages are avoided. Furthermore, the invention is based on the technical problem of specifying a corresponding device for carrying out this method.

To solve the technical problem, the invention teaches a method for Schildanfahrt for the production of tunnel tubes by shield tunneling,
wherein a tunneling machine is advanced or advanced through a passage opening of a starting wall,
the starting forces of the tunneling machine being introduced during the starting process into a pressure ring arranged behind the tunneling machine,
which pressure ring is connected via zugkraftübertragende connecting elements to the Anfahrwand.

Traction-transmitting connecting elements here means that the pressure forces exerted on the pressure ring acting as tensile forces on the connecting elements and are introduced via the connecting elements as it were in the Anfahrwand. Conveniently, a plurality of connecting elements are provided, which are arranged distributed over the circumference of the pressure ring. It is within the scope of the invention that the connecting elements are arranged distributed only over about 300 ° of the circumference of the pressure ring, since normally a connecting element-free zone in the lower region of the pressure ring for the turtle cradle is necessary. So far as the following is therefore mentioned that the connecting elements are arranged distributed over the circumference of the pressure ring, so the embodiment is preferably meant with a distribution over about 300 ° of the circumference.

It is within the scope of the invention that as connecting elements tie rods are used, which are fixed on the one hand in the Anfahrwand and on the other hand fixed to the pressure ring. The tie rods expediently pass through corresponding fixing openings in the pressure ring. According to a proven embodiment, the tie rods are arranged distributed over the circumference of the pressure ring. Preferably, at least four, preferably more than four tie rods are used. - According to a very preferred embodiment of the invention are used as tie rods threaded rods having an external thread. The threaded rods pass through the aforementioned fixation openings on the pressure ring and are preferably using fixed by nuts put on the threaded rods respectively. It is expediently also a washer available. After or during advancement of the pressure ring in the direction of approach or propulsion direction then the nuts on the external thread of the threaded rods can be tightened accordingly.

According to a first very preferred embodiment of the invention, in the course of a Einschneidvorgangs the entire unit from the tunneling machine and the pressure ring is advanced and preferably exclusively under the action of arranged on the traction-transmitting connecting elements feed elements. Einschneidvorgang means the feed or the cutting of the cutting wheel of the tunneling machine in the soil behind the Anfahrwand. In the course of a Einschneidvorgangs means in particular that the cutting wheel of the tunneling machine is first advanced and then withdrawn and that subsequently the aggregate of the tunneling machine and the pressure ring is advanced. It is essential in this first embodiment that the tunneling machine and pressure ring are advanced together. The term aggregate of tunneling machine and pressure ring includes in particular also supporting elements with which the tunneling machine is supported on the pressure ring, for example, intermediate jacking presses and / or to the pressure ring Anfahrwandseitig subsequent tubbing. It is within the scope of the invention that the distance between the tunneling machine and the pressure ring remains constant or substantially constant during joint propulsion. In this embodiment of the invention, therefore, there is preferably no relative displacement between the tunneling machine and the pressure ring. Conveniently, the tunneling machine and pressure ring are coupled by an inner rear suspension so that there is always pressure contact between driving machine and pressure ring. According to one embodiment, the following components are interposed between pressure ring and tunneling machine: To the pressure ring closes Anfahrwandseitig directly Blindtube and on the Blindtübbingring a Bauwerkstübbingring connects and between Bauwerkstübbingring and tunneling Vortriebspressen are interposed. The propulsion presses cause but in this embodiment during the starting process no relative displacement between driving machine and pressure ring but only serve to support the tunneling machine on the pressure ring. The term Blindtübbingring means a tubbing ring, moreover, which does not remain in the building, but is removed after the assembly work again. In contrast, structural segment ring means a tubbing ring which remains in the building in the long term and is fixed there.

It is within the scope of the invention that in the first preferred embodiment of the invention initially only a feed of the cutting wheel takes place by the distance x and then takes place a retraction of the cutting wheel by the same distance x. Then the aggregate of tunneling machine and pressure ring is then advanced by this distance x. The distance x is for example 300 mm. As already explained above, the advance of the aggregate of tunneling machine and pressure ring preferably takes place exclusively or only under the action of the feed elements arranged on the tension-transmitting connecting elements. It is also within the scope of the invention that the feed of this unit substantially, that is done primarily under the action of these feed elements.

According to a preferred variant of the first embodiment of the method according to the invention, all feed elements are first activated, so that the unit is advanced from tunneling machine and pressure ring and then be disabled at first zugkraftübertragenden connecting elements arranged first advancing elements and then at this first zugkraftübertragenden connecting elements a post-tension corresponding to the feed performed the aggregate. Then the the first feed elements are activated again and then second feed elements arranged on second traction-transmitting elements are deactivated. Thereafter, a post-tension is performed according to the feed of the unit and then the second feed elements are activated again at these second traction-transmitting connecting elements. Thereafter, it is expediently a renewed feed of the cutting wheel and a subsequent retraction of the cutting wheel and then again a feed of the aggregate of tunneling machine and pressure ring with all feed elements and so on. The feed elements are preferably hollow piston presses.

In the variant of the first embodiment described above, the cutting wheel is first advanced, for example, by about 300 mm, and then the cutting wheel is retracted again by this distance. Subsequently, all hollow piston presses are activated on the threaded rods and all hollow piston presses push the aggregate of tunneling machine and pressure ring by the distance (300 mm) to the front. Then the first group of hollow piston presses is deactivated or relaxed and retracted. Then takes place at the first threaded rods on which these first hollow piston presses are arranged, a post-tension, with nuts are tightened on these first threaded rods. Then the first hollow piston presses are driven back to the appropriate pressure or activated. During the process described above, the second hollow piston presses hold the aggregate of driving machine and pressure ring in its position. Subsequently, the second hollow piston presses are deactivated or relaxed and retracted. At the second threaded rods on which these second hollow piston presses are arranged, now a post-tension by tightening nuts. Then the second hollow piston presses are activated again or brought to the appropriate pressure. Thereafter, the next feed can be made by, for example, 300 mm and so on.

According to a second variant of the first embodiment, the cutting wheel is in turn first advanced by a distance x and then retracted by the distance x. In this second variant, first feed elements arranged on first connecting elements transmitting tensile force are first activated so that the aggregate of the tunneling machine and pressure ring is advanced with these activated first feed elements, while second feed elements arranged on second connecting elements transmitting tensile force are deactivated. During or after the advance of the unit takes place at the second zugkraftübertragenden connecting elements a post-tension corresponding to the feed of the unit. Thereafter, the second feed elements are activated so that they can absorb the pressure of the unit and the first feed elements are deactivated. Subsequently, a post-tension corresponding to the feed of the unit takes place at the first traction-transmitting connecting elements. It is within the scope of the invention that then again a feed of the cutting wheel and a subsequent retraction of the cutting wheel and a subsequent feed of the unit (as explained above) takes place and so on.

This first preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized by an easily executable continuous procedure. It should be noted that the two groups of feed elements are designed so that each group of feed elements is able to absorb the starting forces or the total acting pressure (support pressure, water pressure, earth pressure). It is within the scope of the invention that both the first and the second feed elements are arranged distributed over the circumference of the pressure ring. Conveniently, one half (50%) of the advancing elements consist of the first advancing elements and one half (50%) of the second advancing elements. Preferably are a total of 15 to 25 feed elements provided, for example, a total of 20 feed elements. Then there are preferably 10 first feed elements and 10 second feed elements. The first and second feed elements are expediently arranged distributed in an alternating manner over the circumference of the pressure ring. It is within the scope of the invention that constant distances or substantially constant distances between the feed elements are provided. As already explained above, the hollow-piston presses are preferably distributed over approximately 300 ° of the circumference of the pressure ring.

Conveniently, the diameter of the body of the pressure ring is selected so that it corresponds to the mean diameter of the tunneling machine. In this way it is ensured that the components driving machine and pressure ring are arranged together on the plate cradle in the correct position and are aligned with the Anfahrwand. Kinking or twisting of the threaded rods is caused by this forced alignment, i. excluded by the exact seat on the Schildwiege.

As already stated above, the first and second feed elements are preferably first and second hollow-piston presses, which are respectively arranged on the tension-transmitting connecting elements, preferably on the threaded rods. Conveniently, all presses of a press group (first or second presses) are each connected to a single hydraulic system.

It is within the scope of the invention that the post-tensioning is in each case carried out with tensioning elements which are displaceable on the tension-transmitting connecting elements and on which the advancing elements can rest in their activated state. As already explained above, the tension-transmitting connecting elements are preferably Threaded rods and expediently, the Nachspannelemente nuts that can be tracked on the threaded rods for the Nachspann.

In the first embodiment of the invention, segment rings between the pressure ring and the tunneling machine are preferably already interposed at the beginning of the starting process. Conveniently, a Blindtübbingring connects Anfahrwandseitig immediately adjacent to the pressure ring and to this Blindtübbingring again connects a Bauwerkstübbingring. The tunneling machine is preferably supported by jacking presses on this Bauwerkstübbingring. Blindtübbingring and Bauwerkstübbingring are always advanced in the advance of the aggregate of pressure ring and tunneling machine and at the end of the startup Bauwerkstübbingring is installed as the first Bauwerkstübbingring the tunnel. Then the rule propulsion begins. After loss of function, the starting device, i. In particular, the pressure ring, the threaded rods and the Blindtübbingring be dismantled. - The invention is based on the finding that with the first embodiment of the method according to the invention a simple continuous feed during the startup process is possible. Additional complex assembly or disassembly measures are not required and therefore a relatively quick startup is possible.

Subsequently, the starting process for the first embodiment will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment: After completion of the launch shaft, a passage opening for the tunneling machine in the Anfahrwand or slot wall is broken and a concrete shell pipe is embedded in concrete. Subsequently, the installation of a driving glasses in the Anfahrwand with a corresponding seal construction. Then the shield cradle is aligned and fixed for the tunneling machine. Subsequently, the tunneling machine is applied to the plate cradle and mounted there. After that, the pre-assembled, provided with the hollow-piston presses pressure ring drained into the starting shaft and deposited on the Schildwiege. The pressure ring is designed so that it has in the area of the turtle elements that secure it against rolling. Several threaded rods are fixed on the one hand on the pressure ring and on the other hand on the Anfahrwand so that adhesion between pressure ring and Anfahrwand exists. The threaded rods pass through fixing holes of the pressure ring and behind the fixing openings a nut with washer is applied to a threaded rod in each case. Between the pressure ring and nut with washer a hollow piston press is arranged on each threaded rod.

Then the starting process or the propulsion can begin. First, the tunneling machine is advanced through the starting seal to the face contact. Now only cuts the cutting wheel of the tunneling machine and is moved forward by a certain distance. Subsequently, the cutting wheel is moved back by this distance. Thereafter, the tunneling machine and also the pressure ring with the help of hollow piston presses is advanced by this distance.

According to a second embodiment of the invention, the pressure ring is supported in addition to the rear suspension on the traction-transmitting connecting elements during the starting process on the launch shaft or at a Sohlversprung the launch shaft. It is within the scope of the invention that the pressure ring in the sole area is supported via pass-on carrier on the launch shaft or on a Sohlversprung the launch shaft. Appropriately, in the second embodiment of the invention, a feed of the pressure ring except with the feed elements additionally with at least one arranged between the pressure ring and Sohlversprung press.

An embodiment variant of the second embodiment of the invention is characterized in that propulsion presses are provided between driving machine and pressure ring and that by actuation of the propulsion presses a feed of the tunneling machine takes place relative to the pressure ring and that subsequently the pressure ring is tracked in the forward drive direction. Thus, at first only propulsion of the tunneling machine with the cutting wheel can take place, and only then is the pressure ring tracked in the direction of advance.

The tunneling machine is supported during the starting process by means of jacking presses on the pressure ring. In this case, carrier elements can be mounted on the pressure ring, which bridge the distance between the rear end of the jacking presses and the end of the shield shell of the tunneling machine and where the jacking presses each supported. Appropriately, additional support elements are present both in the ridge region of the pressure ring and in the bottom region of the pressure ring. Instead of additional support elements, for example, additional telescopic presses can be used.

As already explained above, in the context of the second embodiment of the invention, the pressure ring in the sole region can be supported via a passport carrier or carrier pieces on the launch shaft or on a bottom shoulder of the launch shaft. For this purpose, the pass-carrier or support pieces between pressure ring and Sohlversprung be interposed so that expediently a frictional connection of the pressure ring is realized to Sohlversprung. Compressive forces acting on the thrust ring in the sole area are introduced by the passport carrier into the bottom of the launch shaft. The compressive forces acting on the pressure ring in the elm area and the ridge area, on the other hand, are primarily dissipated into the starting wall via the tension-transmitting connecting elements.

In the second embodiment of the invention, the thrust ring is pushed or pushed in the direction of propulsion in a propulsion or propulsion of the tunneling machine in the direction of propulsion. There are two preferred variants of the method according to the invention. In one variant, at first only cutting of the cutting wheel of the tunneling machine takes place and initially only the cutting wheel is advanced by a certain distance (for example 250 mm). This is followed by the joint advancement of the tunneling machine and the pressure ring to the said distance (ie, for example, 250 mm). In another variant of the method, the entire tunneling machine with cutting wheel is first advanced by a certain distance. Following this, only the pressure ring will be pushed by this distance. If the pressure ring is displaced in the advancing direction, it is expedient to insert further passport carriers or passport carrier pieces between the pressure ring and the bottom vault of the launch shaft, so that a frictional connection of the pressure ring to the bottom vault is ensured.

Also in the second embodiment of the invention, the pressure ring is expediently added to threaded rods, pass through the fixing holes in the pressure ring. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the Nachschieben the pressure ring is carried out here by means of arranged on the tie rods or on the threaded rods presses. As in the first embodiment, it is advisable to hollow piston presses, which are each arranged on a threaded rod between the pressure ring and nut with intermediate washer.

It is also within the scope of the invention that in the second embodiment, the Nachschieben the pressure ring is supported by at least one arranged between the pressure ring and Sohlversprung press or jacking press. In one variant, two jacking presses are in the bottom area provided between Sohlversprung and pressure ring. It is particularly preferred in the second embodiment of the invention that a Nachschieben the pressure ring is carried out both by means of arranged on the threaded rods hollow piston presses as well as with the aid of arranged in the sole region jacking presses. All presses can be operated or controlled synchronously via a hydraulic power pack. In the second embodiment, all hollow piston presses arranged on the threaded rods are expediently activated together.

Subsequently, the starting process for the second embodiment will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment: After completion of the launch shaft, a passage opening for the tunneling machine in the Anfahrwand or slot wall is broken and einbetoniert concrete shroud. Subsequently, the installation of a driving glasses in the Anfahrwand with a corresponding seal construction. Then the shield cradle is aligned and fixed for the tunneling machine. Following this, the tunneling machine is applied to the plate cradle or mounted there and pushed into the starting goggles. Thereafter, the preassembled pressure ring is lowered into the starting shaft and deposited on the Schildwiege. The pressure ring is designed so that it has in the area of the turtle elements that secure it against rolling. Then pass-carrier between pressure ring and Sohlversprung the start shaft are arranged so that a frictional connection of the pressure ring results to Sohlversprung. In addition, two jacking presses are installed in the bottom area for the subsequent advancement of the pressure ring in the forward drive direction. Several threaded rods are fixed on the one hand on the pressure ring and on the other hand on the Anfahrwand so that adhesion between pressure ring and Anfahrwand exists. The threaded rods pass through fixation openings of the pressure ring and behind the fixation openings, a nut with a backing plate is applied to a threaded rod. Between the pressure ring and nut with shim is on each threaded rod arranged a hollow piston press. Moreover, jacking presses are provided with which the tunneling machine is supported on the pressure ring or on corresponding carrier elements of the pressure ring.

Then the starting process or the propulsion can begin. First, the tunneling machine is advanced to the working face contact. There are now two possibilities: According to the first possibility, only the cutting wheel of the tunneling machine intersects and is moved forward by a certain distance. Subsequently, the cutting wheel is moved back again. Thereafter, the tunneling machine and the pressure ring with the help of hollow piston presses and with the help of the jacking presses in the bottom area is advanced by the appropriate distance. According to a second possibility, the entire tunneling machine with cutting wheel is first driven on via the jacking presses supported on the pressure ring. Only then is the pressure ring advanced by means of the hollow-piston presses and the jacking presses arranged in the sole region.

The propulsion cycle described above is repeated several times until the pressure ring is in a specific or pre-calculated position in which it has a certain distance from the driving glasses. Then, preferably a Blindtübbingring is installed immediately adjacent to the thrust ring Anfahrwandseitig and then the first Bauwerkstübbingring is installed. The tunneling machine is then driven in Verpress-position and there is a pressing or a Vermörtelung the driving glasses instead. The starting process is completed and then the rule propulsion can take place. After lack of function, the starting device, ie in particular pressure ring, threaded rods, passport carrier and Blindtübbingring be dismantled.

The invention further relates to a device for Schildanfahrt for the production of tunnel tubes by shield tunneling, wherein a tunneling machine is provided for propulsion through a passage opening a Anfahrwand and wherein furthermore a pressure ring is provided, in which the Anfahrkräfte the tunneling machine are initiated during the startup and This pressure ring is connected via traction-transmitting connecting elements to the Anfahrwand.

The invention is based on the finding that with the method according to the invention or with the device according to the invention both a very simplified and a very precise and reliable starting operation can be achieved. The considerable effort required with the measures known from practice can be avoided and a complex steel construction and the installation of several Blindtübbingringe can be dispensed with. In that regard, the invention is characterized in comparison to the measures known from practice by a significant cost savings and thus by considerable economic benefits. Compared with the known measures both less material and less labor can be used. By reducing the assembly and disassembly work to a fraction of the work required in the known measures and the accident risk is significantly reduced.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,

Fig. 2

eine Seitenansicht des Gegenstandes gemäß Fig. 1 in einer ersten Funktionsstellung,

Fig. 3

den Gegenstand nach Fig. 2 in einer zweiten Funktionsstellung,

Fig. 4

ausschnittsweise den Gegenstand nach Fig. 2 in einer dritten Funktionsstellung,

Fig. 5

den Gegenstand gemäß Fig. 4 in einer vierten Funktionsstellung,

Fig. 6

eine Seitenansicht des Gegenstandes nach Fig. 2 in einer fünften Funktionsstellung,

Fig. 7a

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,

Fig. 7b

den Gegenstand nach Fig. 7a in einer zweiten Funktionsstellung,

Fig. 8

eine Seitenansicht der Vorrichtung nach den Fig. 7a, 7b im Schnitt,

Fig. 9

eine Draufsicht auf den Gegenstand gemäß Fig. 8 aus Richtung des Pfeiles A und

Fig. 10

den Gegenstand nach Fig. 7a und 7b in einer fortgeschrittenen Funktionsstellung.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing showing only one exemplary embodiment. In a schematic representation:

Fig. 1

a perspective view of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention,

Fig. 2

1 is a side view of the article according to FIG. 1 in a first functional position, FIG.

Fig. 3

the article of FIG. 2 in a second functional position,

Fig. 4

2, the article according to FIG. 2 in a third functional position, FIG.

Fig. 5

the article according to FIG. 4 in a fourth functional position,

Fig. 6

a side view of the article of FIG. 2 in a fifth functional position,

Fig. 7a

a perspective view of a second embodiment of the device according to the invention,

Fig. 7b

the article according to FIG. 7a in a second functional position,

Fig. 8

a side view of the device according to FIGS. 7a, 7b in section,

Fig. 9

a plan view of the article of FIG. 8 from the direction of arrow A and

Fig. 10

the article of Fig. 7a and 7b in an advanced functional position.

The figures show an apparatus for carrying out a method for Schildanfahrt for the production of tunnel tubes by shield tunneling. The device has a tunneling machine 1, which is driven by a passage opening 2 in the Anfahrwand 3. The starting forces of the tunneling machine 1, which occur during the starting process, are introduced into a pressure ring 4, which is arranged behind the tunneling machine 1. According to the invention, the pressure ring 4 is connected to the starting wall 3 by means of tension-transmitting connecting elements. As traction-transmitting connecting elements preferably tie rods are used, which are designed as threaded rods 7 with external thread. The threaded rods 7 are fixed on the one hand to the Anfahrwand 3 and on the other hand fixed to the pressure ring 4. They stiff a positive connection between the pressure ring 4 and 3 Anfahrwand sure. When 4 pressure forces act on the pressure ring, corresponding tensile forces are transmitted to the threaded rods 7, which are derived in the Anfahrwand 3.

The threaded rods 7 suitably pass through fixing openings 8 of the pressure ring 4. In the figures it can be seen that a plurality of threaded rods 7 are arranged distributed over the circumference of the pressure ring 4. The threaded rods 7 are fixed by means of nuts 11 and washers 12 each. In the embodiment according to the figures, a hollow piston press 13 is disposed between the pressure ring 4 and a nut 11 with washer 12 each.

FIGS. 1 to 6 show an apparatus for carrying out a first, very preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention. In this first embodiment, the unit from the entire tunneling machine 1 and the pressure ring 4 is advanced in the course of a Einschneidvorgangs and that only under the action of the threaded rods 7 arranged hollow piston presses 13. To the vorzuschiebenden during the startup unit also belongs to the pressure ring 4 adjacent Blind tubbing 15 and a structural tubbing segment 16 adjoining this blind tubbing 15. The tunneling machine 1 is supported by propulsion presses 5 on the structural tubbing 16. These propulsion presses 5 belong to the together to be advanced aggregate. During the starting process, the distance between the tunneling machine 1 and the pressure ring 4 always remains constant or substantially constant. That is to say, the jacking presses 5 do not cause a change in distance between the tunneling machine 1 and the pressure ring 4 during the starting process.

As already explained above, according to a variant of the first embodiment (which is claimed in claim 6), the aggregate of the tunneling machine 1 and the pressure ring 4 is advanced in each case with all hollow piston presses 13. By contrast, FIGS. 2 to 6 illustrate the individual method steps of a further variant of the first embodiment (claimed in claim 7). In Figs. 2 to 6, the various functional positions of the corresponding device according to the invention are shown. Preferably, and in the embodiment, initially only the cutting wheel 21 of the tunneling machine 1 is driven by a distance x in the soil. This is shown in phantom in Fig. 2. Subsequently, the cutting wheel 21 is moved back by this distance x again. Subsequently, the entire unit of the tunneling machine 1 and the pressure ring 4 is advanced by this distance x (Fig. 3).

For the advance of the unit, two groups of hollow piston presses 13 are provided in this variant of the first embodiment of the method according to the invention, namely first hollow piston presses 13.1 and second hollow piston presses 13.2, which are distributed over the circumference of the pressure ring 4. This distribution is advantageously carried out alternately, so that every second hollow piston press 13 belongs to the first group of hollow piston presses 13.1. As can be seen from FIG. 3, initially only the first hollow-piston presses 13.1 are activated and with these first hollow-piston presses 13.1 the aggregate of tunneling machine 1 and pressure ring 4 is advanced by the distance x. For this drive the first hollow piston presses 13.1 and are based on the respective associated nuts 11 on the threaded rods 7 from. The second hollow piston presses 13.2 are not yet activated at this time. As can be seen from a comparative examination of FIGS. 3 and 4, the nuts 11, which are associated with the second hollow-piston presses 13. 2, are subsequently tensioned on the threaded rods 7, which was indicated in FIG. 3 by an arrow. 4 shows the post-tensioned state of these nuts 11. Subsequently, the second hollow piston presses 13.2 are activated or pressurized and the first hollow piston presses 13.1 are deactivated or retracted. Thereafter, the first hollow piston presses 13.1 associated with nuts 11 can be tightened on the threaded rods 7. 4, the starting position of a nut 11, which is associated with the first hollow piston press 13.1, shown in phantom and the subsequently tensioned position shown extended. Thereafter, the cutting wheel 21 can be advanced again by a distance x and returned again. Subsequently, the aggregate of tunneling machine 1 and pressure ring 4 is advanced by now the second hollow piston presses 13.2 are activated accordingly, while the first hollow piston presses 13.1 remain disabled or retracted. In this way, the propulsion during the startup process can be continued continuously. So there is always a load change between the first hollow piston presses 13.1 and the second hollow piston presses 13.2 instead. In this way, a very effective load distribution or force distribution can be achieved and the starting process can be carried out continuously in a simple manner and in particular without mechanical constraints.

Fig. 6 shows an advanced position of the device after completion of the starting process. Here the belonging to the aggregate Bauwerkstübbing 16 was already installed in its final position and then were further Bauwerkstübbinge 16 installed in the course of normal propulsion or Regelvortriebs. When regulating propulsion can, as shown in Fig. 6, the Propulsion machine 1 via the jacking presses 5 supported on the built Bauwerkstübbings 16. After lack of function then the starting elements, in particular pressure ring 4, threaded rods 7 and Blindtübbingring 15 can be dismantled.

7 to 10 illustrate a second embodiment of a device for carrying out the method according to the invention. In this embodiment, the tunneling machine 1 is supported on the pressure ring 4 during the starting process via carrier elements 6. Conveniently, several jacking presses 5 are distributed over the circumference of the pressure ring 4. In the exemplary embodiment, the carrier elements 6 are mounted on the pressure ring 4, which are oriented in the direction of tunneling machine 1 and on which the propulsion presses 5 are supported. In this embodiment, again, the threaded rods 7 are provided, via which the pressure ring 4 is connected to the Anfahrwand 3.

Expediently, and in the exemplary embodiment, the pressure ring 4 in this second embodiment is furthermore supported in the sole region by means of a passport carrier 20 (FIG. 9) at the bottom shoulder 10 of the launch shaft. Upon subsequent advancement of the pressure ring 4 expediently further passport carrier 20 are replicated, so that always adhesion between the pressure ring 4 and Sohlversprung 10 is guaranteed. In the sole region, compressive forces acting on the pressure ring 4 are introduced through the passport carrier 20 into the bottom vault 10 of the launch shaft. - In the sole region between the pressure ring 4 and Sohlversprung 10 otherwise Sohltübbings 9 are arranged, which serve as a driving plane.

Also in this second embodiment of the method according to the invention, the pressure ring 4 can be advanced by actuation of the hollow piston presses 13 in the advancing direction. By subsequent retraction of the hollow piston presses and tracking the nuts 11, the pressure ring 4 is then fixed in its new position. Fig. 1 shows the pressure ring 4 in a first functional position and Fig. 1 shows the pressure ring in an advanced second functional position in which the nuts 11 were tracked on the threaded rods 7 according to the feed of the pressure ring 4. - Due to the configuration of the second embodiment of the device according to the invention and due to the measures provided here Ausstützungsmaßnahmen the pressure ring 4, all hollow piston presses 13 are activated or deactivated together in the second embodiment, ie, it is only worked here with a group of hollow piston presses 13.

In the exemplary embodiment, the Nachschieben the pressure ring 4 is also carried out with the help of two propulsion presses 14, which are arranged in the bottom region of the pressure ring 4 between pressure ring 4 and Sohlversprung 10. One of these jacking presses 14 can be seen in FIG. 8.

If in the second embodiment, after repeated propulsion of the tunneling machine 1 or the pressure ring 4 a certain distance of the pressure ring 4 is reached to the Anfahrwand 3 and the pressure ring 4 can not be advanced, is conveniently between Anfahrwand 3 and pressure ring 4 directly adjacent to the pressure ring. 4 a Blindtübbingring 15 installed. Furthermore, a Bauwerkstübbingring 16 is then fitted to the Blindtübbingring 15. This functional position with built-Blindtube ring 15 and Bauwerkstübbingring 16 is shown in FIG. Then a fixation of Bauwerkstübbingringes 16 in the Anfahrwand 3 and the rule propulsion can begin. After lack of function, the starting elements, in particular pressure ring 4, threaded rods 7 and Blindtübbingring 15 are dismantled.

It should also be noted that in FIG. 9 a particular embodiment of the pressure ring 4 is shown, in which the pressure ring 4 has lateral extensions 18. The threaded rods 7 are guided here by these lateral extensions 18 and, moreover, fixed to vertical supports 19 on the starting wall 3 or in front of the starting wall 3. The extensions 18 cause the advantage that no inclination of the threaded rods 7 is present. When the threaded rods 7 are connected in the annular region of the pressure ring 4, the threaded rods 7 fastened next to the Anfahrbrilie 17 on the Anfahrwand namely due to the predetermined circle diameter of the pressure ring, namely in general a tendency to. In other words, a circle drawn through the attachment points on the start-up wall 3 normally has a larger radius than a circle drawn through the attachment points on the pressure ring 4. The threaded rods 7 then form as it were a cone that tapers from the Anfahrwand 3 to the pressure ring. This inclination of the threaded rods 7 can be advantageously avoided by means of the lateral extensions 18 on the pressure ring 4.

According to another embodiment, not shown, the pressure ring 4 is fixed instead of the threaded rods 7 by means of steel profiles on the Anfahrwand 3. Preferably, only two steel profiles are mounted in the ridge region of the pressure ring 4, which are attached to the Anfahrwand 3. In this embodiment, the steel profiles are expediently made up of a plurality of subsegments, the length of which corresponds in each case to one advancing line. With each propulsion, these steel profiles are shortened by one of the subsegments.

Claims (16)

Shield approach method for the manufacture of tunnel tubes by shield propulsion,
wherein a tunneling machine (1) is driven by a passage opening (2) of a starting wall (3),
the starting forces of the tunneling machine (1) being introduced during the starting process into a pressure ring (4) arranged behind the tunneling machine (1),
which pressure ring (4) is connected to the starting wall (3) by means of tension-transmitting connecting elements. The method of claim 1, wherein the tunneling machine (1) is supported during the starting process on the pressure ring (4). Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein tension rods are used as connecting elements. Method according to claim 3, wherein threaded rods (7) are used as tie rods. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the course of a Einschneidvorgangs the unit from the tunneling machine (1) and the pressure ring (4) is advanced and under the action of arranged on the traction transmitting connecting elements feed elements. The method of claim 5, wherein first all the feed elements are activated, so that the aggregate of tunneling machine (1) and pressure ring (4) is advanced, wherein subsequently to the first zugkraftübertragenden connecting elements arranged first feed elements are deactivated and then at this first zugkraftübertragenden connecting elements a post-tension accordingly the feed of the unit is performed and in which case the first feed elements are activated again, then arranged on second zugkraftübertragenden connecting elements second feed elements are disabled, then at this second zugkraftübertragenden connecting elements a post-tension according to the feed of the unit is performed and then activates the second feed elements again become. A method according to claim 5, wherein initially arranged on the first zugkraftübertragenden connecting elements first feed elements are activated so that the aggregate of tunneling machine (1) and pressure ring (4) is advanced, wherein at second zugkraftübertragenden connecting elements, a post-tension corresponding to the feed of the unit, wherein thereafter the second advancing elements are activated and the first advancing elements are deactivated, and wherein subsequent to the first traction-transmitting connecting elements, a post-tensioning takes place in accordance with the advance of the aggregate. Method according to one of claims 6 or 7, wherein both the first and the second feed elements over the circumference of the pressure ring (4) are arranged distributed. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the feed elements hollow piston presses (13) which are respectively arranged on the traction-transmitting connecting elements, preferably on the threaded rods (7). Method according to one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the post-tensioning is carried out in each case with on the tension-transmitting connecting elements displaceable Nachspannelementen, on which the feed elements can be supported in the activated state. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pressure ring (4) is supported during the starting process in addition to the rear suspension via the traction-transmitting connecting elements on the starting shaft or at a Sohlversprung (10) of the starting shaft. The method of claim 11, wherein the pressure ring (4) is supported in the bottom region via passport carrier (20) on the starting shaft or at a Sohlversprung (10) of the starting shaft. Method according to one of claims 11 or 12, wherein a feed of the pressure ring (4) with at least one between pressure ring (4) and Sohlversprung (10) arranged press takes place. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4 or 11 to 13, wherein between the driving machine (1) and pressure ring (4) jacking presses (5) are provided and wherein by actuation of the jacking presses (5) a feed of the tunneling machine (1) takes place and subsequently the pressure ring (4) is tracked in the direction of advance. Method according to one of claims 11 to 14, wherein after a propulsion of the tunneling machine (1) and pressure ring (4) a Blindtübbingring (15) immediately adjacent to the pressure ring (4) is mounted start-up side and wherein in addition to the Blindtübbingring (15) a Bauwerkstübbingring ( 16) is installed. Shield approach device for the production of tunnel tubes by shield tunneling,
wherein a tunneling machine (1) for driving through a passage opening (2) of a starting wall (3) is provided,
wherein a pressure ring (4) is provided, in which the starting forces of the tunneling machine (1) are initiated during the starting process
and wherein the pressure ring (4) is connected via traction-transmitting connecting elements to the starting wall (3).

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