EP1645018B1 - high-frequency coupler for connecting a coaxial plug to a high-frequency transmission line on a printed circuit board - Google Patents

high-frequency coupler for connecting a coaxial plug to a high-frequency transmission line on a printed circuit board Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1645018B1
EP1645018B1 EP04763118A EP04763118A EP1645018B1 EP 1645018 B1 EP1645018 B1 EP 1645018B1 EP 04763118 A EP04763118 A EP 04763118A EP 04763118 A EP04763118 A EP 04763118A EP 1645018 B1 EP1645018 B1 EP 1645018B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit board
coupler
coaxial connector
housing
pair
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04763118A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1645018A1 (en
Inventor
Willem Blackborn
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Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik GmbH and Co KG
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Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP1645018A1 publication Critical patent/EP1645018A1/en
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Publication of EP1645018B1 publication Critical patent/EP1645018B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R24/00—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure
    • H01R24/38—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts
    • H01R24/40—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency
    • H01R24/50—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency mounted on a PCB [Printed Circuit Board]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R2103/00—Two poles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an RF coupler for connecting a coaxial connector to an RF transmission line on a printed circuit board according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • an RF coupler is described in US Pat. No. 6,471,546.
  • the invention is based on the object, an HF coupler of o.g. Art to improve that an automated manufacturing process can be performed safely and with less effort.
  • the RF coupler at least a first pair of spring blades, which is arranged and configured for electrically contacting a center conductor of the coaxial connector, and at least a second pair of spring blades, which is arranged and configured for electrically contacting an outer conductor of the coaxial connector, wherein at least one spring blade of the first pair on a side remote from the coaxial connector end a contact surface for electrically connecting the RF coupler to the RF transmission line on the circuit board and for mechanically connecting to the circuit board and at least one spring blade of the second pair to a coaxial connector remote end has a contact surface for electrically connecting the RF coupler with a ground contact on the circuit board and for mechanical connection to the circuit board.
  • a simple and machine assembly of printed circuit boards with the RF coupler in the form of a surface mount component is achieved in that the contact surfaces of the spring blades are arranged in a plane parallel to the circuit board.
  • the coaxial connector expediently has a housing lead-through section for a housing surrounding the printed circuit board.
  • all spring blades extend in a plane parallel to the circuit board.
  • the spring blades of the first pair are integrally formed in the region of the contact surface.
  • the spring blades of a pair are angled away from one another at their end facing the coaxial plug.
  • the RF coupler In order to facilitate the automatic placement of the RF coupler on a circuit board in a placement machine, the RF coupler has a housing which carries all the spring blades. As a result, a gripping tip of the placement machine only has to grasp the housing and position it on the printed circuit board, as a result of which all spring strips are automatically arranged and positioned correctly.
  • the housing is expediently designed as a planar component and preferably has at least one pin, which extends away from the housing for engagement in the circuit board.
  • the housing has a recess into which protrude into the free, the coaxial connector facing the ends of the spring blades.
  • the coaxial connector can be inserted without significant adjustments to the housing of the RF coupler between the spring blades.
  • the pin is designed to engage in a hole in the printed circuit board, wherein the pin has at least one latching nose, which protrudes in the radial direction with respect to the pin on the outer circumference, wherein the latching nose is arranged and formed on the pin, that the outer circumference of the pin in the region of the latching nose is smaller than the diameter of the hole in the printed circuit board, wherein the outer periphery of the protruding into the hole of the printed circuit board in the portion of the pin is formed such that between the outer periphery of this section and the inner wall of the hole the printed circuit board over such a portion of the outer circumference such a space with capillarity for solder results that during a soldering on a surface of the circuit board solder located by capillary action into the gap and this infill penetrates.
  • a positive connection without tolerances in the direction along a longitudinal axis of the hole of the printed circuit board is achieved in that the latching lug is arranged and formed on the pin so that when completely on the printed circuit board component, the locking lug is disposed within the hole of the circuit board.
  • the circumference of the pin is formed longitudinally over the entire portion located in the hole of the circuit board with at least one recess.
  • a particularly good form fit between the penetrating into the hole of the circuit board solder and the circuit board is achieved by the fact that the hole is metallized in the circuit board.
  • an RF coupler is as a surface-mountable component (SMD - urface S M ount D Evide)) formed and comprises a housing 10 in which a first pair of spring plates 12, 14 and a second Pair of spring blades 16, 18 are arranged.
  • the housing 10 has on one side a recess 20 in which the spring blades 12, 14, 16, 18 are exposed.
  • the spring blades 12, 14, 16, 18 are arranged and resiliently elastic, that the first pair of spring blades 12, 14 an inner conductor of an RF coaxial connector and the second pair of spring blades 16, 18 an outer conductor of the RF coaxial connector with respective free ends in the area the recess 20 electrically contacted, as will be described in more detail later.
  • the spring blades 12, 14 and 16, 18 of a pair are angled away from each other, so that there is a certain catch area, thus inserting the RF coaxial connector between the spring plates 12, 14, 16, 18 is ensured even if the alignment between RF coaxial connector and RF coupler tolerances not exactly aligned.
  • These contact surfaces are arranged in a plane and form respective pads for electrically contacting contacts on a circuit board and for mechanically connecting to the circuit board, as will be described in more detail below.
  • pins 28 are arranged, which are formed integrally with the housing 10 and extend substantially perpendicular to the plane of the contact surfaces 22, 24, 26. These pins 28 are used to engage in corresponding recesses in the circuit board in order to position the RF coupler relative to the circuit board exactly and mechanically fix.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 an installation state for an inventive RF coupler is shown by way of example.
  • the pins 28 engage in holes 30 in the circuit board 32.
  • This circuit board 32 is already installed in a housing 34.
  • This housing 34 has an opening 36 for an RF coaxial connector 38 with inner conductor 40 and outer conductor 42.
  • the coaxial plug can simply be inserted from the outside through the opening 36, the first pair of spring blades 12, 14 the inner conductor 40 and the second pair of spring blades 16, 18 the outer conductor 42 electrically contacted.
  • the spring blades of a pair 12, 14 and 16, 18 are spaced apart from each other so that the inner conductor 40 and the outer conductor 42, the free, resilient ends of the spring blades 12, 14, 16, 18 apart, so that a corresponding Contact force results, which produces an electrical contact together with a contact surface.
  • a manufacturing process for printed circuit boards with housing and breakthrough for an RF connection is as follows: First, a solder paste is applied to the circuit board by machine and all components including the invention HF couplers are applied by machine (machine assembly). Subsequently, the soldering process in a hot air oven (reflow soldering). Here, the contact surfaces 22, 24, 26 of the RF coupler according to the invention with corresponding contact points on the circuit board 32 are soldered. The contact surface 24 of the spring blades 12, 14 of the first pair, which contacts the center conductor 40 of the RF coaxial connector, is thereby electrically connected to an RF signal line on the printed circuit board 32.
  • the contact surfaces 22 and 26 of the spring blades 16, 18 of the second pair are in each case electrically connected to ground contacts on the printed circuit board 32.
  • the soldered joint also simultaneously creates a mechanical connection with the printed circuit board 32.
  • An additional mechanical fixation is provided by the two pins 28, with the pins 28 intercepting the laterally occurring forces during subsequent insertion of the RF coaxial plug that these do not damage the solder joints.
  • the printed circuit board 32 is installed in the housing 43 and the housing 34 is closed.
  • the RF coaxial connector 38 Through the opening 36 of the RF coaxial connector 38 is then inserted, whereby by the arrangement and design of the spring blades 12, 14, 16, 18 corresponding electrical contacts between the RF signal line on the circuit board 32 and the center conductor 40 of the RF coaxial connector 38 on the one hand and between corresponding ground contacts on the circuit board 34 and the outer conductor 42 of the RF coaxial connector 38 on the other hand automatically by the insertion of the RF coaxial connector 38 and without further soldering over the RF coupler are made.
  • the RF coaxial connector 38 is pressed into the housing 34, which can also be done by machine on a production line.
  • Fig. 5 shows a preferred embodiment of the component for the circuit board 32.
  • the component comprises the housing 10 and the two pins 28.
  • the component is mounted on the circuit board 32, wherein each pin 28 in a metallized hole 30 in the Printed circuit board 32 engages.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 additionally illustrate the state of the attached component prior to a soldering operation, wherein a metallization 56 of the hole 30 can be seen.
  • solder paste 50 is applied, and the pin 28 protrudes into the hole 30.
  • the pin 28 is at its free end with a latching nose 52 is formed, wherein the diameter of the pin 28 in the region of the latching lug 52 is smaller than the inner diameter of the hole 30.
  • the diameter of the pin 28 is formed smaller than that Inner diameter of the hole 30.
  • the length of the pin 28 is selected such that when completely placed on the circuit board 32 component, the locking lug 52 is still within the hole 30, as shown in particular in FIG.
  • the pin 28 is provided in the longitudinal direction with recesses 53, as shown in particular in FIG. 6.
  • the smaller diameter of the pin 28 compared to the hole 30 and the recesses 54 are chosen such that between the outer periphery of the pin 28 and the inner periphery of the hole 30, a gap is formed with capillary properties.
  • solder 50 In a manufacturing process in which all the components are first placed on the printed circuit board 32 by a placement machine and then a soldering operation takes place in a hot-air oven, the solder 50 is heated and changes into the liquid phase. The liquid solder 50 then penetrates by capillary action into the space between the outer periphery of the pin 28 and the inner periphery of the hole 30 and fills this substantially completely.

Landscapes

  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
  • Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)

Abstract

A high-frequency coupler connects a coaxial plug to a high-frequency transmission line on a printed circuit board. The coupler comprises a first pair of spring lamellae, for electrically contacting a middle conductor of the coaxial plug, and having a second pair of spring lamellae, for electrically contacting an outer conductor of the coaxial plug. A spring lamella of the first pair has, at an end facing away from coaxial plug, a contact surface that electrically connects the coupler to the transmission line on the printed circuit board and is mechanically connected to the printed circuit board. One spring lamella of the second pair has, at an end facing away from the coaxial plug, a contact surface that electrically connects the coupler to a printed circuit board ground contact and is mechanically connected to the printed circuit board.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen HF-Kuppler zum Verbinden eines Koaxialsteckers mit einer HF-Übertragungsleitung auf einer Leiterplatte, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Ein solcher HF-Kuppler ist in der Druckschrift US-B-6 471 546 beschrieben.The present invention relates to an RF coupler for connecting a coaxial connector to an RF transmission line on a printed circuit board according to the preamble of claim 1. Such an RF coupler is described in US Pat. No. 6,471,546.

Bei der Herstellung von in einem Metallgehäuse zur Abschirmung angeordneten Leiterplatten mit einem HF-Anschluß, welcher durch das Gehäuse hindurch geführt ist, wird zunächst die bestückte und in einem Heißluftofen verlötete Leiterplatte in dem offenen Gehäuse montiert und in einem nachfolgenden manuellen Arbeitsschritt ein HF-Koaxialstecker durch einen Gehäusedurchbruch eingeschoben. Entsprechende Lötfahnen am HF-Koaxialstecker müssen nun separat mit der Leiterplatte verlötet werden, bevor ein das Gehäuse verschließender Deckel montiert werden kann. Dieser Herstellungsprozeß ist dahingehend nachteilig, daß der zusätzliche, manuelle Lötvorgang einen hohen Aufwand erfordert und keine so hohe Prozeßsicherheit bietet wie das Löten der Bauteile im Heißluftofen. Zusätzlich können Leiterplatte bzw. HF-Koaxialstecker bei etwaigen Schäden nicht einfach ausgetauscht werden.In the manufacture of arranged in a metal housing for shielding printed circuit boards with an RF connector, which is passed through the housing, the assembled and soldered in a hot air oven circuit board is first mounted in the open housing and in a subsequent manual step, an RF coaxial connector inserted through a housing opening. Corresponding solder tails on the RF coaxial connector must now be soldered separately to the circuit board before a cover closing the housing can be mounted. This manufacturing process is disadvantageous in that the additional, manual soldering requires a lot of effort and does not offer as high process reliability as the soldering of the components in the hot air oven. In addition, PCB or RF coaxial connector can not be easily replaced in case of damage.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen HF-Kuppler der o.g. Art dahingehend zu verbessern, daß ein automatisierter Herstellungsprozeß prozeßsicher und mit weniger Aufwand ausgeführt werden kann.The invention is based on the object, an HF coupler of o.g. Art to improve that an automated manufacturing process can be performed safely and with less effort.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch einen HF-Kuppler der o.g. Art mit den in Anspruch 1 gekennzeichneten Merkmalen gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den weiteren Ansprüchen beschrieben.This object is achieved by an RF coupler of the type mentioned above with the features characterized in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the further claims.

Bei einem HF-Kuppler der o.g. Art ist es erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß der HF-Kuppler wenigstens ein erstes Paar Federlamellen, welches zum elektrischen Kontaktieren eines Mittelleiters des Koaxialsteckers angeordnet und ausgebildet ist, sowie wenigstens ein zweites Paar Federlamellen, welches zum elektrischen Kontaktieren eines Außenleiters des Koaxialsteckers angeordnet und ausgebildet ist, aufweist, wobei wenigstens eine Federlamelle des ersten Paares an einem dem Koaxialstecker abgewandten Ende eine Kontaktfläche zum elektrischen Verbinden des HF-Kupplers mit der HF-Übertragungsleitung auf der Leiterplatte sowie zum mechanischen Verbinden mit der Leiterplatte und wenigstens eine Federlamelle des zweiten Paares an einem dem Koaxialstecker abgewandten Ende eine Kontaktfläche zum elektrischen Verbinden des HF-Kupplers mit einem Massekontakt auf der Leiterplatte sowie zum mechanischen Verbinden mit der Leiterplatte aufweist.For an HF coupler of the above-mentioned. It is inventively provided that the RF coupler at least a first pair of spring blades, which is arranged and configured for electrically contacting a center conductor of the coaxial connector, and at least a second pair of spring blades, which is arranged and configured for electrically contacting an outer conductor of the coaxial connector, wherein at least one spring blade of the first pair on a side remote from the coaxial connector end a contact surface for electrically connecting the RF coupler to the RF transmission line on the circuit board and for mechanically connecting to the circuit board and at least one spring blade of the second pair to a coaxial connector remote end has a contact surface for electrically connecting the RF coupler with a ground contact on the circuit board and for mechanical connection to the circuit board.

Dies hat den Vorteil, daß gleichzeitig mit dem Bestücken und Verlöten von Bauteilen auf der Leiterplatte auch der HF-Kuppler bestückt und verlötet werden kann, wobei zur Herstellung einer HF-Verbindung bzw. elektrischen Kontaktierung mit der Leiterplatte, beispielsweise durch ein Gehäuse hindurch, lediglich der Koaxialstecker in die Federlamellen eingeschoben werden muß, ohne daß zur Herstellung der elektrischen Kontakte zwischen HF-Koaxialstecker und Leiterplatte zusätzliche Lötarbeiten erforderlich sind. Dadurch kann zusätzlich der Koaxialstecker jederzeit entfernt bzw. ausgetauscht werden, ohne dazu ein die Leiterplatte umgebendes Gehäuse öffnen und Lötarbeiten durchführen zu müssen.This has the advantage that simultaneously with the loading and soldering of components on the circuit board and the RF coupler can be equipped and soldered, wherein for the production of an RF connection or electrical contact with the circuit board, for example through a housing, only the coaxial connector must be inserted into the spring blades, without additional soldering is required for the preparation of electrical contacts between RF coaxial connector and PCB. As a result, in addition, the coaxial connector can be removed or replaced at any time without having to open a circuit board surrounding housing and perform soldering.

Ein einfaches und maschinelles Bestücken von Leiterplatten mit dem HF-Kuppler in Form eines oberflächenmontierbaren Bauteils erzielt man dadurch, daß die Kontaktflächen der Federlamellen in einer Ebene parallel zur Leiterplatte angeordnet sind.A simple and machine assembly of printed circuit boards with the RF coupler in the form of a surface mount component is achieved in that the contact surfaces of the spring blades are arranged in a plane parallel to the circuit board.

Zweckmäßigerweise weist der Koaxialstecker einen Gehäusedurchführungsabschnitt für ein die Leiterplatte umgebendes Gehäuse auf.The coaxial connector expediently has a housing lead-through section for a housing surrounding the printed circuit board.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform erstrecken sich alle Federlamellen in einer Ebene parallel zur Leiterplatte.In a preferred embodiment, all spring blades extend in a plane parallel to the circuit board.

Für eine gute und sichere Signalübertragung sind die Federlamellen des ersten Paares im Bereich der Kontaktfläche einstückig ausgebildet.For a good and safe signal transmission, the spring blades of the first pair are integrally formed in the region of the contact surface.

Zum Ausbilden eines vorbestimmten Fangbereiches für einen Kontaktbereich des Koaxialsteckers sind die Federlamellen eines Paares an ihrem dem Koaxialstecker zugewandten Ende voneinander weg abgewinkelt.For forming a predetermined catching area for a contact region of the coaxial plug, the spring blades of a pair are angled away from one another at their end facing the coaxial plug.

Um das automatische Anordnen des HF-Kupplers auf einer Leiterplatte in einem Bestückungsautomat zu erleichtern, weist der HF-Kuppler ein Gehäuse auf, welches alle Federlamellen trägt. Dadurch muß eine Greifspitze des Bestückungsautomaten lediglich das Gehäuse fassen und auf der Leiterplatte positionieren, wodurch automatisch alle Federlamellen korrekt angeordnet und positioniert sind. Das Gehäuse ist zweckmäßigerweise als ebenes Bauteil ausgebildet und weist bevorzugt wenigstens einen Zapfen auf, welcher sich von dem Gehäuse weg zum Eingriff in die Leiterplatte erstreckt.In order to facilitate the automatic placement of the RF coupler on a circuit board in a placement machine, the RF coupler has a housing which carries all the spring blades. As a result, a gripping tip of the placement machine only has to grasp the housing and position it on the printed circuit board, as a result of which all spring strips are automatically arranged and positioned correctly. The housing is expediently designed as a planar component and preferably has at least one pin, which extends away from the housing for engagement in the circuit board.

Zweckmäßigerweise weist das Gehäuse eine Ausnehmung auf, in die freie, dem Koaxialstecker zugewandte Enden der Federlamellen hinein ragen. Hierdurch kann der Koaxialstecker ohne wesentliche Anpassungen an das Gehäuse des HF-Kupplers zwischen die Federlamellen eingeschoben werden.Conveniently, the housing has a recess into which protrude into the free, the coaxial connector facing the ends of the spring blades. As a result, the coaxial connector can be inserted without significant adjustments to the housing of the RF coupler between the spring blades.

In einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist der Zapfen zum Eingriff in ein Loch der Leiterplatte ausgebildet, wobei der Zapfen wenigstens eine Rastnase aufweist, welche in radialer Richtung bzgl. des Zapfens über dessen Außenumfang hinausragt, wobei die Rastnase am Zapfen derart angeordnet und ausgebildet ist, daß der Außenumfang des Zapfens im Bereich der Rastnase kleiner ist als der Durchmesser des Loches in der Leiterplatte, wobei der Außenumfang des in das Loch der Leiterplatte hinein ragendem Abschnittes des Zapfens derart ausgebildet ist, daß sich zwischen dem Außenumfang dieses Abschnittes und der Innenwandung des Loches der Leiterplatte über wenigstens einen Teil des Außenumfangs ein derartiger Zwischenraum mit Kapillarität für Lot ergibt, daß während eines Lötvorgangs auf einer Oberfläche der Leiterplatte befindliches Lot durch Kapillarwirkung in den Zwischenraum hinein und diesen ausfüllend eindringt.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pin is designed to engage in a hole in the printed circuit board, wherein the pin has at least one latching nose, which protrudes in the radial direction with respect to the pin on the outer circumference, wherein the latching nose is arranged and formed on the pin, that the outer circumference of the pin in the region of the latching nose is smaller than the diameter of the hole in the printed circuit board, wherein the outer periphery of the protruding into the hole of the printed circuit board in the portion of the pin is formed such that between the outer periphery of this section and the inner wall of the hole the printed circuit board over such a portion of the outer circumference such a space with capillarity for solder results that during a soldering on a surface of the circuit board solder located by capillary action into the gap and this infill penetrates.

Dies hat den Vorteil, daß zum Bestücken und Verrasten des Bauteils auf der Leiterplatte keine besonders hohe Kraft notwendig ist, so daß diese Arbeit automatisiert maschinell auf einer Fertigungsstraße für Leiterplatten mit Bestückungsautomat und Heißluftofen durchgeführt werden kann, wobei nach dem Lötvorgang im Heißluftofen automatisch eine Verrastung des Bauteils mit dem in das Loch der Leiterplatte eingedrungenen Lot hergestellt ist. Gleichzeitig ergibt sich ein toleranzfreier Formschluß zwischen Zapfen und Innenumfang des Loches der Leiterplatte in einer Ebene der Leiterplatte. Die Bestückung von Bauteilen mit Verrastung kann dadurch sehr kostengünstig bei gleichzeitig hohen Haltekräften und wenig Toleranz erfolgen.This has the advantage that the loading and locking of the component on the circuit board, no particularly high power is necessary, so that this work automatically can be performed automatically on a production line for printed circuit boards with automatic placement and hot air oven, wherein automatically after the soldering in a hot air oven latching of the component is made with the solder penetrated into the hole of the printed circuit board. At the same time results in a tolerance-free positive connection between the pin and inner circumference of the hole of the circuit board in a plane of the circuit board. The assembly of components with locking can be done very cost-effective with high holding forces and little tolerance.

Eine formschlüssige Verbindung ohne Toleranzen in Richtung entlang einer Längsachse des Loches der Leiterplatte erzielt man dadurch, daß die Rastnase am Zapfen derart angeordnet und ausgebildet ist, daß bei vollständig auf die Leiterplatte aufgesetztem Bauteil die Rastnase innerhalb des Loches der Leiterplatte angeordnet ist.A positive connection without tolerances in the direction along a longitudinal axis of the hole of the printed circuit board is achieved in that the latching lug is arranged and formed on the pin so that when completely on the printed circuit board component, the locking lug is disposed within the hole of the circuit board.

Zum weiteren Unterstützen der Kapillarwirkung ist der Umfang des Zapfens in Längsrichtung über den gesamten im Loch der Leiterplatte befindlichen Abschnitt mit wenigstens einer Ausnehmung ausgebildet.To further assist the capillary action, the circumference of the pin is formed longitudinally over the entire portion located in the hole of the circuit board with at least one recess.

Einen besonders guten Formschluß zwischen dem in das Loch der Leiterplatte eindringenden Lot und der Leiterplatte erzielt man dadurch, daß das Loch in der Leiterplatte metallisiert ist.A particularly good form fit between the penetrating into the hole of the circuit board solder and the circuit board is achieved by the fact that the hole is metallized in the circuit board.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Diese zeigt in:

Fig. 1
eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen HF-Kupplers in perspektivischer Darstellung von oben,
Fig. 2
den HF-Kuppler gemäß Fig. 1 in perspektivischer Darstellung von unten,
Fig. 3
den HF-Kuppler gemäß Fig. 1 in eingebautem Zustand und mit aufgeschobenem HF-Koaxialstecker in perspektivischer Darstellung von oben,
Fig. 4
den HF-Kuppler gemäß Fig. 1 in eingebautem Zustand und mit aufgeschobenem HF-Koaxiaistecker in teilweise geschnittener Ansicht von unten,
Fig. 5
eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform eines Bauteils aufgesetzt auf eine Leiterplatte in Aufsicht,
Fig. 6
eine Ansicht von Detail X von Fig. 5 vor einem Lötvorgang,
Fig. 7
eine Schnittansicht entlang Linie A-A von Fig. 6,
Fig. 8
eine Ansicht von Detail X von Fig. 5 nach einem Lötvorgang und
Fig. 9
eine Schnittansicht entlang Linie B-B von Fig. 8.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. This shows in:
Fig. 1
A preferred embodiment of an RF coupler according to the invention in a perspective view from above,
Fig. 2
1 shows a perspective view from below of the RF coupler according to FIG.
Fig. 3
1 in the installed state and with deferred RF coaxial connector in a perspective view from above,
Fig. 4
the RF coupler according to FIG. 1 in the installed state and with the HF coaxia plug slid in a partially cutaway view from below,
Fig. 5
a preferred embodiment of a component mounted on a printed circuit board in supervision,
Fig. 6
a view of detail X of FIG. 5 before a soldering operation,
Fig. 7
a sectional view taken along line AA of Fig. 6,
Fig. 8
a view of detail X of Fig. 5 after a soldering and
Fig. 9
a sectional view taken along line BB of Fig. 8.

Die in Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellte, bevorzugte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen HF-Kupplers ist als oberflächenmontierbares Bauteil (SMD - Surface Mount Devide)) ausgebildet und umfaßt ein Gehäuse 10, in dem ein erstes Paar Federlamellen 12, 14 und ein zweites Paar Federlamellen 16, 18 angeordnet sind. Das Gehäuse 10 weist an einer Seite eine Ausnehmung 20 auf, in der die Federlamellen 12, 14, 16, 18 frei liegen. Die Federlamellen 12, 14, 16, 18 sind derart angeordnet und federnd elastisch, daß das erste Paar Federlamellen 12, 14 einen Innenleiter eines HF-Koaxialsteckers und das zweite Paar Federlamellen 16, 18 einen Außenleiter des HF-Koaxialsteckers mit jeweiligen freien Enden im Bereich der Ausnehmung 20 elektrisch kontaktiert, wie später noch genauer beschrieben wird. An den jeweiligen freien Enden in der Ausnehmung 20 sind die Federlamellen 12, 14 bzw. 16, 18 eines Paares voneinander weg abgewinkelt, so daß sich ein gewisser Fangbereich ergibt, damit ein Einschieben des HF-Koaxialsteckers zwischen die Federlamellen 12, 14, 16, 18 auch dann gewährleistet ist, wenn die Ausrichtung zwischen HF-Koaxialstecker und HF-Kuppler toleranzbedingt nicht exakt fluchtet.. In Figure 1 and shown 2, preferred embodiment of an RF coupler according to the invention is as a surface-mountable component (SMD - urface S M ount D Evide)) formed and comprises a housing 10 in which a first pair of spring plates 12, 14 and a second Pair of spring blades 16, 18 are arranged. The housing 10 has on one side a recess 20 in which the spring blades 12, 14, 16, 18 are exposed. The spring blades 12, 14, 16, 18 are arranged and resiliently elastic, that the first pair of spring blades 12, 14 an inner conductor of an RF coaxial connector and the second pair of spring blades 16, 18 an outer conductor of the RF coaxial connector with respective free ends in the area the recess 20 electrically contacted, as will be described in more detail later. At the respective free ends in the recess 20, the spring blades 12, 14 and 16, 18 of a pair are angled away from each other, so that there is a certain catch area, thus inserting the RF coaxial connector between the spring plates 12, 14, 16, 18 is ensured even if the alignment between RF coaxial connector and RF coupler tolerances not exactly aligned.

Wie insbesondere aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich, weist jede Federlamelle 12, 14, 16, 18 an einem der Ausnehmung 20 bzw. dem HF-Koaxialstecker abgewandten Ende eine Könfaktfläche 22, 24, 28 auf, wobei die Federlamellen 12, 14 des ersten Paares im Bereich der Kontaktfläche 24 einstückig ausgebildet sind. Diese Kontaktflächen sind in einer Ebene angeordnet und bilden jeweilige Lötflächen zum elektrischen Kontaktieren von Kontakten auf einer Leiterplatte und zum mechanischen Verbinden mit der Leiterplatte, wie nachfolgend noch genauer beschrieben wird. Seitlich am Gehäuse 10 sind Zapfen 28 angeordnet, welche einstückig mit dem Gehäuse 10 ausgebildet sind und sich im wesentlichen senkrecht zur Ebene der Kontaktflächen 22, 24, 26 erstrecken. Diese Zapfen 28 dienen zum Eingriff in entsprechende Ausnehmungen in der Leiterplatte, um den HF-Kuppler relativ zur Leiterplatte exakt zu positionieren und mechanisch zu fixieren.As can be seen in particular from FIG. 2, each spring blade 12, 14, 16, 18 on one of the recess 20 and the RF coaxial connector facing away from a Könfaktfläche 22, 24, 28, wherein the spring blades 12, 14 of the first pair in Region of the contact surface 24 are integrally formed. These contact surfaces are arranged in a plane and form respective pads for electrically contacting contacts on a circuit board and for mechanically connecting to the circuit board, as will be described in more detail below. On the side of the housing 10, pins 28 are arranged, which are formed integrally with the housing 10 and extend substantially perpendicular to the plane of the contact surfaces 22, 24, 26. These pins 28 are used to engage in corresponding recesses in the circuit board in order to position the RF coupler relative to the circuit board exactly and mechanically fix.

In den Fig. 3 und 4 ist beispielhaft ein Einbauzustand für einen erfindungsgemä-ßen HF-Kuppler dargestellt. Die Zapfen 28 greifen in Löcher 30 in der Leiterplatte 32. Diese Leiterplatte 32 ist bereits in ein Gehäuse 34 eingebaut. Dieses Gehäuse 34 weist einen Durchbruch 36 für einen HF-Koaxialstecker 38 mit Innenleiter 40 und Außenleiter 42 auf. Wie insbesondere aus Fig. 4 ersichtlich, kann auch nach vollständigem Verschließen des Gehäuses 34 der Koaxialstecker einfach von außen durch den Durchbruch 36 eingeschoben werden, wobei das erste Paar Federlamellen 12, 14 den Innenleiter 40 und das zweite Paar Federlamellen 16, 18 den Außenleiter 42 elektrisch kontaktiert. Hierbei sind die Federlamellen eines Paares 12, 14 bzw. 16, 18 derart voneinander beanstandet, daß der Innenleiter 40 bzw. der Außenleiter 42 die freien, federnd elastischen Enden der Federlamellen 12, 14, 16, 18 auseinander drückt, so daß sich eine entsprechende Kontaktkraft ergibt, die zusammen mit einer Kontaktfläche einen elektrischen Kontakt herstellt.In FIGS. 3 and 4, an installation state for an inventive RF coupler is shown by way of example. The pins 28 engage in holes 30 in the circuit board 32. This circuit board 32 is already installed in a housing 34. This housing 34 has an opening 36 for an RF coaxial connector 38 with inner conductor 40 and outer conductor 42. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 4, even after complete closure of the housing 34, the coaxial plug can simply be inserted from the outside through the opening 36, the first pair of spring blades 12, 14 the inner conductor 40 and the second pair of spring blades 16, 18 the outer conductor 42 electrically contacted. Here, the spring blades of a pair 12, 14 and 16, 18 are spaced apart from each other so that the inner conductor 40 and the outer conductor 42, the free, resilient ends of the spring blades 12, 14, 16, 18 apart, so that a corresponding Contact force results, which produces an electrical contact together with a contact surface.

Ein Herstellungsverfahren für Leiterplatten mit Gehäuse und Durchbruch für einen HF-Anschluß stellt sich wie folgt dar: Zuerst wird auf die Leiterplatte maschinell eine Lotpaste aufgetragen und alle Bauteile einschließlich des erfindungsgemäßen HF-Kupplers werden maschinell aufgebracht (maschinelle Bestückung). Anschließend erfolgt der Lötprozeß in einem Heißluftofen (reflow löten). Hierbei werden die Kontaktflächen 22, 24, 26 des erfindungsgemäßen HF-Kupplers mit entsprechenden Kontaktstellen auf der Leiterplatte 32 verlötet. Die Kontaktfläche 24 der Federlamellen 12, 14 des ersten Paares, welches den Mittelleiter 40 des HF-Koaxialsteckers kontaktiert, wird dabei mit einer HF-Signalleitung auf der Leiterplatte 32 elektrisch verbunden. Die Kontaktflächen 22 und 26 der Federlamellen 16, 18 des zweiten Paares werden dabei jeweils mit Massekontakten auf der Leiterplatte 32 elektrisch verbunden. Wie bei SMD-Bauteilen üblich, schafft die Lötverbindung auch gleichzeitig eine mechanische Verbindung mit der Leiterplatte 32. Eine zusätzlich mechanische Fixierung stellen die beiden Zapfen 28 zur Verfügung, wobei die Zapfen 28 die beim späteren Einstecken des HF-Koaxialsteckers seitlich auftretenden Kräfte abfangen, so daß diese nicht die Lötverbindungen beschädigen. Anschließend wird die Leiterplatte 32 in das Gehäuse 43 eingebaut und das Gehäuse 34 verschlossen. Durch den Durchbruch 36 wird dann der HF-Koaxialstecker 38 eingeschoben, wobei durch die Anordnung und Ausbildung der Federlamellen 12, 14, 16, 18 entsprechende elektrische Kontakte zwischen der HF-Signalleitung auf der Leiterplatte 32 und dem Mittelleiter 40 des HF-Koaxialsteckers 38 einerseits sowie zwischen entsprechenden Massekontakten auf der Leiterplatte 34 und dem Außenleiter 42 des HF-Koaxialsteckers 38 andererseits automatisch durch das Einschieben des HF-Koaxialsteckers 38 und ohne weitere Lötarbeiten über den HF-Kuppler hergestellt werden. Der HF-Koaxialstecker 38 wird in das Gehäuse 34 eingepreßt, wobei dies ebenfalls maschinell auf einer Fertigungsstraße erfolgen kann.A manufacturing process for printed circuit boards with housing and breakthrough for an RF connection is as follows: First, a solder paste is applied to the circuit board by machine and all components including the invention HF couplers are applied by machine (machine assembly). Subsequently, the soldering process in a hot air oven (reflow soldering). Here, the contact surfaces 22, 24, 26 of the RF coupler according to the invention with corresponding contact points on the circuit board 32 are soldered. The contact surface 24 of the spring blades 12, 14 of the first pair, which contacts the center conductor 40 of the RF coaxial connector, is thereby electrically connected to an RF signal line on the printed circuit board 32. The contact surfaces 22 and 26 of the spring blades 16, 18 of the second pair are in each case electrically connected to ground contacts on the printed circuit board 32. As usual with SMD components, the soldered joint also simultaneously creates a mechanical connection with the printed circuit board 32. An additional mechanical fixation is provided by the two pins 28, with the pins 28 intercepting the laterally occurring forces during subsequent insertion of the RF coaxial plug that these do not damage the solder joints. Subsequently, the printed circuit board 32 is installed in the housing 43 and the housing 34 is closed. Through the opening 36 of the RF coaxial connector 38 is then inserted, whereby by the arrangement and design of the spring blades 12, 14, 16, 18 corresponding electrical contacts between the RF signal line on the circuit board 32 and the center conductor 40 of the RF coaxial connector 38 on the one hand and between corresponding ground contacts on the circuit board 34 and the outer conductor 42 of the RF coaxial connector 38 on the other hand automatically by the insertion of the RF coaxial connector 38 and without further soldering over the RF coupler are made. The RF coaxial connector 38 is pressed into the housing 34, which can also be done by machine on a production line.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine bevorzugte Weiterbildung des Bauteils für die Leiterplatte 32. Das Bauteil umfaßt das Gehäuse 10 und die zwei Zapfen 28. In Fig. 1 ist das Bauteil auf die Leiterplatte 32 aufgesetzt, wobei jeder Zapfen 28 in ein metallisiertes Loch 30 in der Leiterplatte 32 greift.Fig. 5 shows a preferred embodiment of the component for the circuit board 32. The component comprises the housing 10 and the two pins 28. In Fig. 1, the component is mounted on the circuit board 32, wherein each pin 28 in a metallized hole 30 in the Printed circuit board 32 engages.

Fig. 6 und 7 veranschaulichen zusätzlich den Zustand des aufgesetzten Bauteils vor einem Lötvorgang, wobei eine Metallisierung 56 des Loches 30 ersichtlich ist. Um einen Teil des Umfanges des Loches 30 ist Lotpaste 50 aufgetragen, und der Zapfen 28 ragt in das Loch 30 hinein. Der Zapfen 28 ist an seinem freien Ende mit einer Rastnase 52 ausgebildet, wobei der Durchmesser des Zapfens 28 im Bereich der Rastnase 52 kleiner ist als der Innendurchmesser des Loches 30. Auch im restlichen Abschnitt des Zapfens 28, der in das Loch 30 eingreift, ist der Durchmesser des Zapfens 28 kleiner ausgebildet als der Innendurchmesser des Loches 30. Zusätzlich ist die Länge des Zapfens 28 derart gewählt, daß sich bei vollständig auf die Leiterplatte 32 aufgesetztem Bauteil die Rastnase 52 noch innerhalb des Loches 30 befindet, wie insbesondere aus Fig. 7 ersichtlich. Zusätzlich ist der Zapfen 28 in Längsrichtung mit Ausnehmungen 53 versehen, wie insbesondere aus Fig. 6 ersichtlich. Der geringere Durchmesser des Zapfens 28 im Vergleich zum Loch 30 und die Ausnehmungen 54 sind derart gewählt, daß zwischen dem Außenumfang des Zapfens 28 und dem Innenumfang des Loches 30 ein Zwischenraum mit kapillaren Eigenschaften ausgebildet ist.FIGS. 6 and 7 additionally illustrate the state of the attached component prior to a soldering operation, wherein a metallization 56 of the hole 30 can be seen. Around a portion of the circumference of the hole 30 solder paste 50 is applied, and the pin 28 protrudes into the hole 30. The pin 28 is at its free end with a latching nose 52 is formed, wherein the diameter of the pin 28 in the region of the latching lug 52 is smaller than the inner diameter of the hole 30. Also in the remaining portion of the pin 28 which engages in the hole 30, the diameter of the pin 28 is formed smaller than that Inner diameter of the hole 30. In addition, the length of the pin 28 is selected such that when completely placed on the circuit board 32 component, the locking lug 52 is still within the hole 30, as shown in particular in FIG. 7. In addition, the pin 28 is provided in the longitudinal direction with recesses 53, as shown in particular in FIG. 6. The smaller diameter of the pin 28 compared to the hole 30 and the recesses 54 are chosen such that between the outer periphery of the pin 28 and the inner periphery of the hole 30, a gap is formed with capillary properties.

In einem Herstellungsverfahren, bei dem zunächst alle Bauteile von einem Bestückungsautomaten auf die Leiterplatte 32 aufgesetzt werden und anschließend ein Lötvorgang in einem Heißluftofen erfolgt, wird das Lot 50 erwärmt und geht in die flüssige Phase über. Das flüssige Lot 50 dringt dann durch die Kapillarwirkung in den Zwischenraum zwischen dem Außenumfang des Zapfens 28 und dem Innenumfang des Loches 30 ein und füllt diesen im wesentlichen vollständig aus.In a manufacturing process in which all the components are first placed on the printed circuit board 32 by a placement machine and then a soldering operation takes place in a hot-air oven, the solder 50 is heated and changes into the liquid phase. The liquid solder 50 then penetrates by capillary action into the space between the outer periphery of the pin 28 and the inner periphery of the hole 30 and fills this substantially completely.

Fig. 8 und 9 zeigen den Zustand nach dem Abkühlen und Aushärten des Lotes 50. Der Zwischenraum ist vom Lot 50 gefüllt, und das Lot 50 hat sich mit der Metallisierung 56 des Loches 30 formschlüssig verbunden. Dies ergibt bereits eine formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen der Leiterplatte 32 und dem Zapfen 28 in einer Ebene der Leiterplatte 32. Zusätzlich ergibt sich durch die Rastnase 52 ein Formschluß in Richtung der Längsachse des Loches 30, d.h. in eine Richtung senkrecht zur Leiterplatte 32. Insgesamt ist somit der Zapfen 28 in allen drei Richtungen des Raumes fest mit der Leiterplatte 32 verbunden bzw. verrastet. Hierfür mußte, wie unmittelbar ersichtlich, keine Einsteckkraft oder Verrastkraft aufgewendet werden. Die Verrastung wurde automatisch im Lötvorgang hergestellt. Zusätzlich ist offensichtlich, daß die Verbindung zwischen Zapfen 28 und Leiterplatte 32 toleranzfrei ist.8 and 9 show the state after cooling and curing of the solder 50. The gap is filled by the solder 50, and the solder 50 has positively connected to the metallization 56 of the hole 30. This already results in a positive connection between the circuit board 32 and the pin 28 in a plane of the printed circuit board 32. In addition, results from the locking lug 52 is a positive engagement in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the hole 30, i. in a direction perpendicular to the circuit board 32. Overall, thus, the pin 28 is fixedly connected in all three directions of the room with the circuit board 32 and locked. For this purpose, as immediately apparent, no insertion or latching force had to be spent. The locking was automatically made in the soldering process. In addition, it is obvious that the connection between pin 28 and circuit board 32 is free of tolerance.

Claims (11)

  1. HF coupler for connecting a coaxial connector (38) to a HF transmission line on a circuit board (32), characterised in that the HF coupler has at least one first pair of sprung blades (12, 14), which is arranged and designed for electrically contacting a central conductor (40) of the coaxial connector (38), and at least one second pair of sprung blades (16, 18) which is arranged and designed for electrically contacting an outer conductor (42) of the coaxial connector (38), wherein at least one sprung blade (12, 14) of the first pair has, on an end facing away from the coaxial connector (38), a contact surface (24) for electrically connecting the HF coupler to the HF transmission line on the circuit board (32) and for mechanically connecting to the circuit board (32) and at least one sprung blade (16, 18) of the second pair has a contact surface (22, 26) on an end facing away from the coaxial connector (38) for electrically connecting the HF coupler to an earth contact on the circuit board (32) and for mechanically connecting to the circuit board (32); that the HF coupler has a housing (10) which carries all the sprung blades (12, 14, 16, 18); that the housing (10) has at least one peg (28), which extends away from the housing (10) to engage in the circuit board (32) and that the peg (28) is designed for engaging in a hole (30) of the circuit board (32), wherein the peg (28) has at least one latching lug (52), which projects in the radial direction relative to the peg (28) beyond its outer periphery, wherein the latching lug (52) is arranged on the peg (28) and designed such that the outer periphery of the peg (28) is smaller in the region of the latching lug (52) than the diameter of the hole (30) in the circuit board (32), wherein the outer periphery of the section of the peg (28) extending into the hole (30) in the circuit board (32) is designed such that between the outer periphery of this section and the inner wall of the hole (30) of the circuit board (32) an intermediate space is formed over at least part of the outer periphery such that during a soldering procedure, solder (50) situated on the surface of the circuit board (32) penetrates by capillary action into the intermediate space, filling it.
  2. HF coupler according to claim 1, characterised in that the contact surfaces (22, 24, 26) of the sprung blades (12, 14, 16, 18) are arranged in a plane parallel to the circuit board (32).
  3. HF coupler according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the coaxial connector (38) has a housing feed-through section for a housing (34) surrounding the circuit board (32).
  4. HF coupler according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that all the sprung blades (12, 14, 16, 18) extend in a plane parallel to the circuit board (32).
  5. HF coupler according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the sprung blades (12, 14) of the first pair are formed in one piece in the region of the contact surface (24).
  6. HF coupler according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the sprung blades (12, 14 or 16, 18) of a pair are angled away from each other at their end facing towards the coaxial connector (38) .
  7. HF coupler according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the housing (10) is designed as a planar component.
  8. HF coupler according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the latching lug (52) is arranged on the peg (28) and designed such that with the component fully placed onto the circuit board (32), the latching lug (52) is arranged within the hole (30) in the circuit board (32).
  9. HF coupler according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the periphery of the peg (28) is designed in the longitudinal direction over the entire section situated in the hole (30) of the circuit board (32) with at least one recess (54).
  10. HF coupler according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the hole (30) in the circuit board (32) is metallised.
  11. HF coupler according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the housing (10) has a recess (20) into which free ends of the sprung blades (12, 14, 16, 18) facing towards the coaxial connector (38) extend.
EP04763118A 2003-07-14 2004-07-07 high-frequency coupler for connecting a coaxial plug to a high-frequency transmission line on a printed circuit board Expired - Lifetime EP1645018B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE20310786U DE20310786U1 (en) 2003-07-14 2003-07-14 RF coupler for connecting a coaxial connector to an RF transmission line on a circuit board
PCT/EP2004/007438 WO2005006501A1 (en) 2003-07-14 2004-07-07 High-frequency coupler for connecting a coaxial plug to a high-frequency transmission line on a printed circuit board

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1645018A1 EP1645018A1 (en) 2006-04-12
EP1645018B1 true EP1645018B1 (en) 2006-11-22

Family

ID=29225389

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04763118A Expired - Lifetime EP1645018B1 (en) 2003-07-14 2004-07-07 high-frequency coupler for connecting a coaxial plug to a high-frequency transmission line on a printed circuit board

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US7318728B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1645018B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4767846B2 (en)
CN (1) CN100444475C (en)
AT (1) ATE346402T1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0412070A (en)
CA (1) CA2532171C (en)
DE (2) DE20310786U1 (en)
DK (1) DK1645018T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2274481T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2005006501A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200510222B (en)

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DE10331840A1 (en) 2003-07-14 2005-02-24 Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Component for a printed circuit board and method for assembling the printed circuit board with this component
CN106877032B (en) * 2017-02-21 2019-07-26 中航光电科技股份有限公司 A kind of chip-type contact and the electric connector using the chip-type contact
CN109638494B (en) * 2018-12-31 2020-12-22 深圳北芯生命科技有限公司 Fixing device for plug-in connector
CN111641059B (en) * 2020-04-24 2024-06-11 东莞中探探针有限公司 Low-cost high-frequency electric connector
EP3910298B1 (en) * 2020-05-15 2022-05-04 VEGA Grieshaber KG Removable display and control module for a field device

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1645018A1 (en) 2006-04-12
WO2005006501A1 (en) 2005-01-20
ES2274481T3 (en) 2007-05-16
BRPI0412070A (en) 2006-09-05
JP4767846B2 (en) 2011-09-07
CA2532171C (en) 2012-09-18
DK1645018T3 (en) 2007-01-22
JP2009514143A (en) 2009-04-02
CA2532171A1 (en) 2005-01-20
ATE346402T1 (en) 2006-12-15
CN100444475C (en) 2008-12-17
DE20310786U1 (en) 2003-10-09
DE502004002110D1 (en) 2007-01-04
US7318728B2 (en) 2008-01-15
ZA200510222B (en) 2007-02-28
US20060166521A1 (en) 2006-07-27
CN1823452A (en) 2006-08-23

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