EP1641950B1 - Beta-titanium alloy, method for producing a hot-rolled product based on said alloy and the uses thereof - Google Patents

Beta-titanium alloy, method for producing a hot-rolled product based on said alloy and the uses thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1641950B1
EP1641950B1 EP04740562A EP04740562A EP1641950B1 EP 1641950 B1 EP1641950 B1 EP 1641950B1 EP 04740562 A EP04740562 A EP 04740562A EP 04740562 A EP04740562 A EP 04740562A EP 1641950 B1 EP1641950 B1 EP 1641950B1
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Prior art keywords
titanium alloy
beta titanium
hot
alloy
mass
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1641950A1 (en
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Heinz Sibum
Oliver Schauerte
Georg Frommeyer
Sven Knippscheer
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Max Planck Institut fuer Eisenforschung
VDM Metals GmbH
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Max Planck Institut fuer Eisenforschung
ThyssenKrupp Titanium GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon

Definitions

  • Beta-titanium alloys with high vanadium contents are characterized by good strength and at the same time good toughness and ductility. They are usually processed in a thermoforming process into semi-finished products, such as sheets, rods, hollow or solid sections, wires, from which then high-quality lightweight components are produced.
  • beta titanium alloys generally contain V, Nb, Ta, Mo, Fe and Cr as the main alloying elements stabilizing the Krz ⁇ mixed crystal, as well as certain contents of Zr, Sn, Al and additions of Si.
  • a beta titanium alloy and a method for producing components made of this alloy are also known from DD 281 422 A5 known.
  • the contents of Cr and V are in total 1.5 to 4.5 mass%.
  • the content of Cr is limited to less than 2.5 mass%.
  • the known alloy contains less than 2.0 mass% Fe, 3.8-4.8 mass% Al, 1.5-4.5 mass% Mo and 1.5-2.5 mass% Sn , 2.8-4.8 mass% Zr and less than 0.3 mass% Si.
  • a melt of this type is cast into ingots, which are then thermoformed into a component in a two-stage process.
  • the obtained component is subjected to a heat treatment in which its temperature is 10 ° C to 40 ° C under a in the DD 281 422 A5 held "transus ⁇ " real value, brought into solid solution. After this heat treatment, the part is held between 550 ° C to 650 ° C for four to twelve hours.
  • the parts thus treated have a yield strength R p0.2 of at least 1100 MPa and a tensile strength R m of at least 1200 MPa.
  • beta titanium alloys are in the AT-PS 272 677 , of the EP 0 408 313 B1 and the EP 0 600 -579 B1 given.
  • Common to the prior art documented in these documents is the desire to provide a titanium alloy which is as cast as possible, which at the same time has good mechanical properties and can be produced cost-effectively.
  • the invention therefore an object of the invention to provide a high-strength beta-titanium alloy with good plastic properties before curing for the purpose of good formability and high fatigue strength after curing, which can be produced inexpensively.
  • a procedure should be specified become, with which from such an alloy heavy-duty components can be produced inexpensively.
  • this object is achieved by a beta titanium alloy containing (in% by mass) V: 10-17%, Fe: 2-5%, Al: 2-5%, Mo: 0.1-3 %, and optionally one or more alloying elements from the group Sn, Si, Cr, Nb, Zr according to the following proviso: Sn: 0.1-3%, Si: 0.1 ⁇ 2%, Cr: ⁇ 2%, Nb: ⁇ 2%, Zr: ⁇ 2, and the remainder contains Ti and unavoidable impurities.
  • a beta-titanium alloy composed according to the invention certainly achieves a yield strength R p0.2 of at least 1400 MPa, a tensile strength R m of at least 1500 MPa and a plastic strain ⁇ p0.2 of more than 4%.
  • Their density ⁇ does not exceed 4.8 g / cm 3 , so that not only extremely solid but also weight-optimized components can be produced with a beta titanium alloy according to the invention.
  • the alloy according to the invention has vanadium contents which are markedly higher than those provided in the prior art in beta titanium alloys.
  • the high V contents stabilize the ⁇ -phase of the microstructure and increase the heat resistance. Therefore, the V content in an alloy according to the invention is preferably in the range of 12-17% by mass, in particular in the range of 13-17% by mass.
  • the effect of the iron in the composite titanium alloy according to the invention consists in a stabilization of the ⁇ -phase of the structure, an increase in the heat resistance and an improvement of the mixed crystal formation.
  • Molybdenum in contents of 0.1 to 3 mass%, preferably at least 0.5 mass%, is contained in a titanium material according to the invention in order to stabilize the ⁇ -phase of the microstructure and to increase the heat resistance.
  • a beta titanium alloy according to the invention additionally contains one or more alloying elements from the group Sn, Si, Cr, Nb, Zr.
  • the Sn contents are preferably in the range of 0.5 to 3 mass%.
  • Silicon increases the heat resistance and the oxidation resistance in an alloy according to the invention.
  • Chromium can be added to the alloy to stabilize the ⁇ -phase of the microstructure and increase the heat resistance.
  • niobium has a favorable influence on the heat resistance and the oxidation resistance of the alloy.
  • the alloy according to the invention may contain further constituents, as long as they do not adversely affect the properties achieved according to the invention.
  • contents of carbon and contents of elements belonging to the group of lanthanides are to be mentioned in this connection.
  • Optimum properties of the beta-titanium alloys according to the invention are obtained when the above-mentioned limit values are exactly adhered to at least two decimal places.
  • the hot forming can be performed for the production of strips or sheets as hot rolls, which can be followed, if necessary, a reel.
  • the Ti alloy according to the invention can be produced particularly cost-effectively by alloying the alloying elements V, Fe and Al in a manner known per se not individually but in the form of a master alloy.
  • Such master alloys are commercially available.
  • the hot end product obtained by the process according to the invention after thermoforming consists of single-phase, metastable beta titanium whose transus temperature T B is about 788 ° C.
  • T B transus temperature
  • the hot end product is produced by hot rolling, it has stretched crystals in the rolling direction and has a partially dynamically recrystallized structure.
  • V acuum A rc R emelt - Oven acuum A rc R emelt - Oven
  • the precursor can be, for example, round blocks, which are then hot-formed in the course of hot forming into billets or blanks.
  • Billets of this type are typically square-shaped with edge lengths of, for example, 70 mm or round with a diameter of, for example, 60 mm.
  • Hot-end forming is typically performed at forming temperatures that range from 950 ° C to 1150 ° C to provide effective Cross-section reduction and a homogenization of the composition and the structure to achieve.
  • the hot forming is carried out as hot rolling, provides an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention that the final product is solution-annealed after the final heat deformation.
  • the solution annealing is followed by cold forming.
  • Solution annealing is typically carried out at 875 ° C for 30 minutes.
  • the optionally solution-annealed final product is subjected to recrystallization annealing.
  • the temperatures during this annealing treatment are typically in the range of 775 ° C to 875 ° C with hold times of 20 to 40 minutes.
  • the final product obtained after cold working has a yield strength R p0.2 of at least 870 MPa to 900 MPa, a tensile strength R m which is 890 MPa to 944 MPa, and a plastic elongation of 14-17%.
  • the product obtained has a yield strength R p0.2 of at least 1400 MPa, a yield strength R m of at least 1500 MPa and an elongation ⁇ p1 of at least 4%.
  • the typical temperature of the curing treatment is about 480 ° C. In compliance with these time and temperature specifications, an optimal range of properties of the end products according to the invention is established.
  • semi-finished products such as blanks, sheets, rods, profiles or wires can be produced, which, because of their property profile, are outstandingly suitable for components which are highly resilient.
  • the semi-finished products can be produced inexpensively, in particular by using the method according to the invention.
  • Beta-titanium alloys according to the invention prove to be particularly suitable as a construction material for the production of components used in rail-bound or road-bound vehicles as well as in the aerospace industry.
  • axle springs, connecting rods, piston pins, high-strength screws, brake pistons and discs are mentioned.
  • beta-titanium alloys according to the invention due to their special properties, are particularly suitable for the production of components used in the field of general mechanical engineering, apparatus engineering, plant engineering, container construction, cryogenics, vehicle construction or sports.
  • beta-titanium alloys according to the invention are particularly suitable for the production of components which are used in the temperature range of -196 ° C to 300 ° C.
  • the billets are hot rolled into wire at hot rolling temperatures ranging from 1100 ° C to 950 ° C, and then coiled into coils.
  • the wire had single-phase metastable ⁇ -titanium (transus temperature T ⁇ about 788 ° C.) with crystallites stretched in the direction of the wire axis and partially dynamically recrystallized microstructure.
  • the wire was solution annealed at 875 ° C for 30 minutes. After the solution annealing the cold forming of the wire took place. After cold working, the wire was recrystallized at temperatures ranging from 775 ° C to 875 ° C with a holding period ranging from 20 minutes to 40 minutes.
  • the as-annealed wire had a yield strength R p0.2 between 870 MPa and 900 MPa, a tensile strength R m between 890 MPa - 944 MPa, and an elongation A between 14% -17 %.
  • the recrystallization annealing was followed by a curing treatment in which the wire was held at 480 ° C for 5 hours.
  • the thus finished wire had at room temperature a yield strength R p0.2 of more than 1400 MPa, a tensile strength R m of more than 1500 MPa and an elongation A which was at least in the range of 4% to 5%.

Abstract

The invention relates to a beta titanium alloy that has high strength and good plastic characteristics prior to curing for the purposes of effective formability and also has high fatigue strength. The beta titanium alloy accordingly contains (in mass %): V: 10 to 17%, Fe: 2 to 5%, Al: 2 to 5%, Mo: 0.1 to 3%, and optionally one or more alloy elements from the group of Sn, Si, Cr, Nb, Zr according to the following proportions: Sn: 0.1 to 3%, Si: 0.1<=2%, Cr: <=2%, Nb: <=2%, Zr: <=2%, wherein additional contents of C and of elements from the group of the lanthanides may be present, and as the remainder Ti and inevitable impurities. The invention also relates to a method by means of which high-strength components may be produced cost-effectively from an alloy of this type.

Description

Beta-Titanlegierungen mit hohen Vanadiumgehalten zeichnen sich durch gute Festigkeiten bei gleichzeitig guter Zähigkeit bzw. Duktilität aus. Sie werden üblicherweise in einem Warmformgebungsverfahren zu Halbzeugen, wie Blechen, Stäben, Hohl- oder Vollprofilen, Drähten, verarbeitet, aus denen dann hochwertige Leichtbaukomponenten hergestellt werden.Beta-titanium alloys with high vanadium contents are characterized by good strength and at the same time good toughness and ductility. They are usually processed in a thermoforming process into semi-finished products, such as sheets, rods, hollow or solid sections, wires, from which then high-quality lightweight components are produced.

Die Grundlagen der Herstellung und Eigenschaften von Beta-Titanlegierungen sind in U. Zwicker "Titan- und Titanlegierungen", Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1974 erläutert. Neben Titan als Matrixmetall enthalten demnach Beta-Titanlegierungen als den krz β-Mischkristall stabilisierende Hauptlegierungselemente üblicherweise V, Nb, Ta, Mo, Fe und Cr sowie gewisse Gehalte an Zr, Sn, Al und Zusätze an Si.The basics of manufacturing and properties of beta titanium alloys are in U. Zwicker "titanium and titanium alloys", Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1974 explained. Accordingly, in addition to titanium as the matrix metal, beta titanium alloys generally contain V, Nb, Ta, Mo, Fe and Cr as the main alloying elements stabilizing the Krz β mixed crystal, as well as certain contents of Zr, Sn, Al and additions of Si.

Eine Beta-Titanlegierung und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bauteilen aus dieser Legierung sind auch aus der DD 281 422 A5 bekannt. Bei der bekannten Legierung betragen die Gehalte an Cr und V in Summe 1,5 - 4,5 Masse-%. Gleichzeitig ist der Gehalt an Cr auf weniger als 2,5 Masse-% beschränkt. Zusätzlich enthält die bekannte Legierung weniger als 2,0 Masse-% Fe, 3,8 - 4,8 Masse-% Al, 1,5 - 4,5 Masse-% Mo sowie 1,5 - 2,5 Masse-% Sn, 2,8 - 4,8 Masse-% Zr und weniger als 0,3 Masse-% Si. Gemäß dem bekannten Verfahren wird eine derart zusammengesetzte Schmelze zu Barren vergossen, die anschließend in einem zweistufig durchgeführten Vorgang zu einem Bauteil warmverformt werden. Das erhaltene Bauteil wird durch eine Wärmebehandlung, bei der seine Temperatur 10 °C bis 40 °C unter einem in der DD 281 422 A5 "transus β"-Echtwert bezeichneten Wert gehalten wird, in feste Lösung gebracht. Nach dieser Wärmebehandlung wird das Teil für vier bis zwölf Stunden zwischen 550 °C bis 650 °C gehalten. Die so behandelten Teile weisen eine Dehngrenze Rp0,2 von mindestens 1100 MPa und Zugfestigkeit Rm von mindestens 1200 MPa auf.A beta titanium alloy and a method for producing components made of this alloy are also known from DD 281 422 A5 known. In the known alloy, the contents of Cr and V are in total 1.5 to 4.5 mass%. At the same time, the content of Cr is limited to less than 2.5 mass%. In addition, the known alloy contains less than 2.0 mass% Fe, 3.8-4.8 mass% Al, 1.5-4.5 mass% Mo and 1.5-2.5 mass% Sn , 2.8-4.8 mass% Zr and less than 0.3 mass% Si. According to According to the known method, a melt of this type is cast into ingots, which are then thermoformed into a component in a two-stage process. The obtained component is subjected to a heat treatment in which its temperature is 10 ° C to 40 ° C under a in the DD 281 422 A5 held "transus β" real value, brought into solid solution. After this heat treatment, the part is held between 550 ° C to 650 ° C for four to twelve hours. The parts thus treated have a yield strength R p0.2 of at least 1100 MPa and a tensile strength R m of at least 1200 MPa.

Weitere Beispiele für Beta-Titanlegierungen sind in der AT-PS 272 677 , der EP 0 408 313 B1 und der EP 0 600 -579 B1 gegeben. Dem in diesen Druckschriften dokumentierten Stand der Technik gemeinsam ist das Bestreben, eine möglichst gut vergießbare Titanlegierung zur Verfügung zu stellen, die gleichzeitig gute mechanische Eigenschaften besitzt und sich kostengünstig erzeugen lässt.Other examples of beta titanium alloys are in the AT-PS 272 677 , of the EP 0 408 313 B1 and the EP 0 600 -579 B1 given. Common to the prior art documented in these documents is the desire to provide a titanium alloy which is as cast as possible, which at the same time has good mechanical properties and can be produced cost-effectively.

Die Praxis zeigt jedoch, dass die bekannten Legierungen einerseits hinsichtlich ihrer Festigkeiten und andererseits hinsichtlich ihres Dehnungsverhaltens die von den Verarbeitern und Verwendern gestellten Anforderungen nicht ausreichend erfüllen.However, practice shows that the known alloys on the one hand do not adequately meet the requirements imposed by processors and users on the one hand with respect to their strengths and on the other hand with regard to their elongation behavior.

Der Erfindung lag daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine hochfeste Beta-Titanlegierung mit guten plastischen Eigenschaften vor der Aushärtung zum Zwecke einer guten Umformbarkeit sowie hoher Dauerfestigkeit nach der Aushärtung zu schaffen, die sich kostengünstig erzeugen lässt. Darüber hinaus sollte ein Verfahren angegeben werden, mit dem sich aus einer solchen Legierung hochbelastbare Bauteile kostengünstig herstellen lassen.The invention therefore an object of the invention to provide a high-strength beta-titanium alloy with good plastic properties before curing for the purpose of good formability and high fatigue strength after curing, which can be produced inexpensively. In addition, a procedure should be specified become, with which from such an alloy heavy-duty components can be produced inexpensively.

In Bezug auf den Werkstoff wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Beta-Titanlegierung gelöst, die (in Masse-%) V: 10 - 17 %, Fe: 2 - 5 %, Al: 2 - 5 %, Mo: 0,1 - 3 %, sowie optional eines oder mehrere Legierungselemente aus der Gruppe Sn, Si, Cr, Nb, Zr gemäß folgender Maßgabe: Sn: 0,1 - 3 %, Si: 0,1 ≤ 2 %, Cr: ≤ 2 %, Nb: ≤ 2 %, Zr: ≤ 2, und als Rest Ti und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen enthält.With respect to the material, this object is achieved by a beta titanium alloy containing (in% by mass) V: 10-17%, Fe: 2-5%, Al: 2-5%, Mo: 0.1-3 %, and optionally one or more alloying elements from the group Sn, Si, Cr, Nb, Zr according to the following proviso: Sn: 0.1-3%, Si: 0.1 ≤ 2%, Cr: ≤ 2%, Nb: ≤ 2%, Zr: ≤ 2, and the remainder contains Ti and unavoidable impurities.

Eine erfindungsgemäß zusammengesetzte Beta-Titanlegierung erreicht bei Raumtemperatur sicher eine Dehngrenze Rp0,2 von mindestens 1400 MPa, eine Zugfestigkeit Rm von mindestens 1500 MPa und eine plastische Dehnung εp0,2 von mehr als 4 %. Dabei übersteigt ihre Dichte ρ 4,8 g/cm3 nicht, so dass sich mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Beta-Titanlegierung nicht nur extrem feste, sondern auch gewichtsoptimierte Bauteile erzeugen lassen.At room temperature, a beta-titanium alloy composed according to the invention certainly achieves a yield strength R p0.2 of at least 1400 MPa, a tensile strength R m of at least 1500 MPa and a plastic strain ε p0.2 of more than 4%. Their density ρ does not exceed 4.8 g / cm 3 , so that not only extremely solid but also weight-optimized components can be produced with a beta titanium alloy according to the invention.

Dies wird zum einen dadurch erreicht, dass die erfindungsgemäße Legierung Vanadium-Gehalte aufweist, die deutlich über denen liegen, die beim Stand der Technik in Beta-Titanlegierungen vorgesehen sind. Durch die hohen V-Gehalte wird die β-Phase des Gefüges stabilisiert und die Warmfestigkeit erhöht. Daher liegt der V-Gehalt in einer erfindungsgemäßen Legierung bevorzugt im Bereich von 12 - 17 Masse-%, insbesondere im Bereich von 13 - 17 Masse-%.This is achieved, on the one hand, by the fact that the alloy according to the invention has vanadium contents which are markedly higher than those provided in the prior art in beta titanium alloys. The high V contents stabilize the β-phase of the microstructure and increase the heat resistance. Therefore, the V content in an alloy according to the invention is preferably in the range of 12-17% by mass, in particular in the range of 13-17% by mass.

Gehalte von 2 - 5 Masse-% Aluminium stabilisieren die α-Phase des Gefüges und bewirken eine effektive Mischkristallhärtung.Contents of 2-5% by mass of aluminum stabilize the α-phase of the structure and cause effective solid solution hardening.

Die Wirkung des Eisens in der erfindungsgemäß zusammengesetzten Titanlegierung besteht in einer Stabilisierung der β-Phase des Gefüges, einer Erhöhung der Warmfestigkeit und einer Verbesserung der Mischkristallbildung.The effect of the iron in the composite titanium alloy according to the invention consists in a stabilization of the β-phase of the structure, an increase in the heat resistance and an improvement of the mixed crystal formation.

Molybdän in Gehalten von 0,1 - 3 Masse-%, bevorzugt mindestens 0,5 Masse-%, ist in einem erfindungsgemäßen Titanwerkstoff enthalten, um die β-Phase des Gefüges zu stabilisieren und die Warmfestigkeit zu erhöhen.Molybdenum in contents of 0.1 to 3 mass%, preferably at least 0.5 mass%, is contained in a titanium material according to the invention in order to stabilize the β-phase of the microstructure and to increase the heat resistance.

Optional enthält eine erfindungsgemäße Beta-Titanlegierung darüber hinaus eines oder mehrere Legierungselemente aus der Gruppe Sn, Si, Cr, Nb, Zr.Optionally, a beta titanium alloy according to the invention additionally contains one or more alloying elements from the group Sn, Si, Cr, Nb, Zr.

Die Anwesenheit von Zinn wirkt sich dabei günstig auf die Mischkristallhärtung und die Warmfestigkeit aus. Daher liegen die Sn-Gehalte bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,5 - 3 Masse-%.The presence of tin has a favorable effect on the solid solution hardening and the hot strength. Therefore, the Sn contents are preferably in the range of 0.5 to 3 mass%.

Silizium erhöht in einer erfindungsgemäßen Legierung die Warmfestigkeit und die Oxidationsresistenz.Silicon increases the heat resistance and the oxidation resistance in an alloy according to the invention.

Chrom kann der Legierung zugegeben werden, um die β- Phase des Gefüges zu stabilisieren und die Warmfestigkeit zu erhöhen.Chromium can be added to the alloy to stabilize the β-phase of the microstructure and increase the heat resistance.

Zugaben an Niob haben darüber hinaus einen günstigen Einfluss auf die Warmfestigkeit und die Oxidationsresistenz der Legierung.In addition, additions of niobium have a favorable influence on the heat resistance and the oxidation resistance of the alloy.

Schließlich kann es zur Verbesserung der Mischkristallbildung und der Oxidationsresistenz auch vorteilhaft sein, der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung Zirconium zuzugeben.Finally, to improve the formation of mixed crystals and the oxidation resistance, it may also be advantageous to add zirconium to the alloy according to the invention.

Neben den voranstehend hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkung im Einzelnen erläuterten Bestandteilen kann die erfindungsgemäße Legierung weitere Bestandteile enthalten, solange diese die erfindungsgemäß erzielten Eigenschaften nicht negativ beeinflussen. In diesem Zusammenhang zu nennen sind insbesondere Gehalte an Kohlenstoff und Gehalte an Elementen, die der Gruppe der Lanthaniden zugeordnet sind.In addition to the constituents explained in detail above with respect to their effect, the alloy according to the invention may contain further constituents, as long as they do not adversely affect the properties achieved according to the invention. In particular, contents of carbon and contents of elements belonging to the group of lanthanides are to be mentioned in this connection.

Optimale Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Beta-Titanlegierungen stellen sich dann ein, wenn die voranstehend angegebenen Grenzwerte auf mindestens zwei Dezimalstellen genau eingehalten werden.Optimum properties of the beta-titanium alloys according to the invention are obtained when the above-mentioned limit values are exactly adhered to at least two decimal places.

In Bezug auf das Verfahren wird die oben angegebene Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass bei der Herstellung eines aus einer Beta-Titanlegierung erzeugten Produktes folgende Arbeitsschritte durchlaufen werden:

  • Erschmelzen einer erfindungsgemäß beschaffenen Beta-Titan-Schmelze zu einem blockförmigen Vorprodukt,
  • Warmumformen des Vorprodukts,
  • Warmendumformen des warmumgeformten Vorprodukts zu einem Warmendprodukt,
  • Lösungsglühen des Warmendproduktes,
  • Kaltumformen des Warmendproduktes zu einem Endprodukt,
  • Aushärtungsbehandlung des Endproduktes.
With respect to the method, the above-mentioned object is achieved by carrying out the following work steps during the production of a product produced from a beta titanium alloy:
  • Melting a beta-titanium melt according to the invention into a block-shaped intermediate product,
  • Hot forming of the precursor,
  • Hot forming the thermoformed precursor into a final thermoformed product,
  • Solution annealing of the final product,
  • Cold forming the final product into a final product,
  • Curing treatment of the final product.

Dabei kann die Warmumformung für die Herstellung von Bändern oder Blechen als Warmwalzen ausgeführt werden, an das sich erforderlichenfalls ein Haspeln anschließen kann.Here, the hot forming can be performed for the production of strips or sheets as hot rolls, which can be followed, if necessary, a reel.

Besonders kostengünstig lässt sich die erfindungsgemäße Ti-Legierung dadurch erzeugen, dass die Legierungselemente V, Fe und Al in an sich bekannter Weise nicht einzeln, sondern in Form einer Vorlegierung zulegiert werden. Derartige Vorlegierungen sind im Handel erhältlich.The Ti alloy according to the invention can be produced particularly cost-effectively by alloying the alloying elements V, Fe and Al in a manner known per se not individually but in the form of a master alloy. Such master alloys are commercially available.

Das durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren nach der Warmendumformung erhaltene Warmendprodukt besteht aus einphasigem, metastabilen Beta-Titan, dessen Transustemperatur TB bei ca. 788 °C liegt. Wird das Warmendprodukt durch Warmwalzen erzeugt, so weist es in Walzrichtung gestreckte Kristalle auf und besitzt ein teilweise dynamisch rekristallisiertes Gefüge.The hot end product obtained by the process according to the invention after thermoforming consists of single-phase, metastable beta titanium whose transus temperature T B is about 788 ° C. When the hot end product is produced by hot rolling, it has stretched crystals in the rolling direction and has a partially dynamically recrystallized structure.

Das im Zuge des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens verarbeitete blockförmige Vorprodukt wird durch ein Umschmelzen gewonnen. Dazu kann in an sich bekannter Weise ein Vakuumumschmelzofen ("Vacuum Arc Remelt - Ofen") eingesetzt werden.The processed in the course of the process according to the invention block-shaped precursor is obtained by remelting. For this purpose, in a manner known per se Vakuumumschmelzofen ( "V acuum A rc R emelt - Oven") are used.

Bei dem Vorprodukt kann es sich beispielsweise um Rundblöcke handeln, die dann im Zuge der Warmumformung zu Knüppeln oder Platinen warmumgeformt werden. Knüppel dieser Art sind typischerweise vierkantförmig mit Kantenlängen von beispielsweise 70 mm oder rund mit einem Durchmesser von beispielsweise 60 mm ausgebildet.The precursor can be, for example, round blocks, which are then hot-formed in the course of hot forming into billets or blanks. Billets of this type are typically square-shaped with edge lengths of, for example, 70 mm or round with a diameter of, for example, 60 mm.

Die Warmendumformung wird typischerweise bei Umformtemperaturen durchgeführt, die im Bereich von 950 °C bis 1150 °C liegen, um eine effektive Querschnittsreduzierung und eine Homogenisierung der Zusammensetzung und des Gefüges zu erreichen.Hot-end forming is typically performed at forming temperatures that range from 950 ° C to 1150 ° C to provide effective Cross-section reduction and a homogenization of the composition and the structure to achieve.

Für den Fall, dass die Warmendumformung als Warmwalzen durchgeführt wird, sieht eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vor, dass das Warmendprodukt nach der Warmendumformung lösungsgeglüht wird. An die Lösungsglühung schließt sich die Kaltumformung an. Die Lösungsglühung erfolgt typischerweise für 30 Minuten bei 875 °C.In the event that the hot forming is carried out as hot rolling, provides an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention that the final product is solution-annealed after the final heat deformation. The solution annealing is followed by cold forming. Solution annealing is typically carried out at 875 ° C for 30 minutes.

Zur weiteren Steigerung der Werte der mechanischen Eigenschaften wird das ggf. lösungsgeglühte Warmendprodukt rekristallisierend geglüht. Die Temperaturen während dieser Glühbehandlung liegen bei Haltezeiten von 20 bis 40 Minuten typischerweise im Bereich von 775 °C bis 875 °C.In order to further increase the values of the mechanical properties, the optionally solution-annealed final product is subjected to recrystallization annealing. The temperatures during this annealing treatment are typically in the range of 775 ° C to 875 ° C with hold times of 20 to 40 minutes.

Anschließend erfolgt die Kaltumformung, beispielsweise durch Kaltwalzen. Das nach der Kaltumformung erhaltene Endprodukt besitzt eine Dehngrenze Rp0,2 von mindestens 870 MPa bis 900 MPa, eine Zugfestigkeit Rm, die 890 MPa bis 944 MPa beträgt, sowie eine plastische Dehnung von 14 - 17 %.Subsequently, the cold forming takes place, for example by cold rolling. The final product obtained after cold working has a yield strength R p0.2 of at least 870 MPa to 900 MPa, a tensile strength R m which is 890 MPa to 944 MPa, and a plastic elongation of 14-17%.

Nachdem das rekristallisierend geglühte Walzprodukt dann einer Aushärtungsbehandlung unterzogen worden ist, weist das erhaltene Produkt eine Dehngrenze Rp0,2 von mindestens 1.400 MPa, eine Streckgrenze Rm von mindestens 1.500 MPa und eine Dehnung εp1 von mindestens 4 % auf. Bei einer Behandlungsdauer von typischerweise 5 Stunden liegt die typische Temperatur der Aushärtungsbehandlung bei ca. 480 °C. Bei Einhaltung dieser Zeit- und Temperaturvorgaben stellt sich ein optimales Eigenschaftsspektrum der erfindungsgemäß erzeugten Endprodukte ein.After the recrystallized annealed rolled product is then subjected to a curing treatment, the product obtained has a yield strength R p0.2 of at least 1400 MPa, a yield strength R m of at least 1500 MPa and an elongation ε p1 of at least 4%. At a treatment time of typically 5 hours, the typical temperature of the curing treatment is about 480 ° C. In compliance with these time and temperature specifications, an optimal range of properties of the end products according to the invention is established.

Aus einer erfindungsgemäß beschaffenen Beta-Titanlegierung lassen sich Halbzeuge, wie Platinen, Bleche, Stäbe, Profile oder Drähte herstellen, die sich aufgrund ihres Eigenschaftsprofils hervorragend zu hoch belastbaren Bauelementen eignen. Dabei lassen sich die Halbzeuge insbesondere durch Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens kostengünstig erzeugen.From a beta-titanium alloy according to the invention, semi-finished products such as blanks, sheets, rods, profiles or wires can be produced, which, because of their property profile, are outstandingly suitable for components which are highly resilient. In this case, the semi-finished products can be produced inexpensively, in particular by using the method according to the invention.

Als besonders geeignet erweisen sich erfindungsgemäße Beta-Titanlegierungen als Konstruktionswerkstoff für die Fertigung von Komponenten, die bei schienen- oder straßengebundenen Fahrzeugen sowie in der Luft- und Raumfahrt eingesetzt werden. Als Beispiele für diese Verwendung sind Achsfedern, Pleuel, Kolbenbolzen, hochfeste Schrauben, Bremskolben und -scheiben zu nennen.Beta-titanium alloys according to the invention prove to be particularly suitable as a construction material for the production of components used in rail-bound or road-bound vehicles as well as in the aerospace industry. As examples of this use axle springs, connecting rods, piston pins, high-strength screws, brake pistons and discs are mentioned.

Ebenso eignen sich erfindungsgemäße Beta-Titanlegierungen aufgrund ihrer besonderen Eigenschaften besonders gut zur Herstellung von Komponenten, die im Bereich des allgemeinen Maschinenbaus, des Apparatebaus, des Anlagenbaus, des Behälterbaus, der Kryogentechnik, des Fahrzeugbaus oder im Bereich des Sports eingesetzt werden.Likewise, beta-titanium alloys according to the invention, due to their special properties, are particularly suitable for the production of components used in the field of general mechanical engineering, apparatus engineering, plant engineering, container construction, cryogenics, vehicle construction or sports.

Dabei hat sich gezeigt, dass sich erfindungsgemäß beschaffene Beta-Titanlegierungen insbesondere für die Herstellung von Bauteilen eignen, die im Temperaturbereich von -196 °C bis 300 °C eingesetzt werden.It has been found that beta-titanium alloys according to the invention are particularly suitable for the production of components which are used in the temperature range of -196 ° C to 300 ° C.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment.

In einem VAR-Ofen sind Rundblöcke, die (Angaben in Masse-%) 15 % V, 4 % Fe, 3 % Al, 1 % Mo, 1 % Sn und 0,3 % Si, Rest Ti und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen enthielten, erschmolzen worden, die anschließend in einer Schmiedeoperation zu vierkantförmigen Knüppeln warmverformt worden sind. Beim Legieren der Schmelze sind die Legierungsbestandteile V, Fe und Al in Form einer kostengünstig erhältlichen Vorlegierung gemeinsam dem Matrixwerkstoff Ti zugegeben worden.In a VAR oven are round blocks containing (in mass%) 15% V, 4% Fe, 3% Al, 1% Mo, 1% Sn and 0.3% Si, balance Ti and unavoidable impurities, were melted, which were then hot-formed in a forging operation to square-shaped billets. When alloying the melt, the alloying constituents V, Fe and Al have been added jointly to the matrix material Ti in the form of a prealloy which can be obtained at low cost.

Nach dem Schmieden sind die Knüppel bei Warmwalztemperaturen, die im Bereich von 1100 °C bis 950 °C lagen, zu Draht warmgewalzt und anschließend zu Coils gehaspelt worden. Nach dem Warmwalzen wies der Draht einphasiges metastabiles β-Titan (Transustemperatur Tβ ca. 788 °C) mit in Richtung der Drahtachse gestreckten Kristalliten und teilweise dynamisch rekristallisiertem Gefüge auf.After forging, the billets are hot rolled into wire at hot rolling temperatures ranging from 1100 ° C to 950 ° C, and then coiled into coils. After hot rolling, the wire had single-phase metastable β-titanium (transus temperature T β about 788 ° C.) with crystallites stretched in the direction of the wire axis and partially dynamically recrystallized microstructure.

Im Anschluss an das Haspeln ist der Draht bei 875 °C für 30 Minuten lösungsgeglüht worden. Im Anschluss an die Lösungsglühung erfolgte die Kaltumformung des Drahtes. Nach der Kaltumformung ist der Draht bei Temperaturen, die zwischen 775 °C und 875 °C lagen, bei einer Haltedauer, die im Bereich von 20 Minuten bis 40 Minuten lag, rekristallisierend geglüht worden. Der derart geglühte Draht wies eine zwischen 870 MPa und 900 MPa liegende Dehngrenze Rp0,2, eine zwischen 890 MPa - 944 MPa liegende Zugfestigkeit Rm und eine zwischen 14 % - 17 % liegende Dehnung A auf. An die Rekristallisationsglühung schloss sich eine Aushärtungsbehandlung an, bei der der Draht für 5 Stunden bei 480 °C gehalten worden ist.Following the coiling, the wire was solution annealed at 875 ° C for 30 minutes. After the solution annealing the cold forming of the wire took place. After cold working, the wire was recrystallized at temperatures ranging from 775 ° C to 875 ° C with a holding period ranging from 20 minutes to 40 minutes. The as-annealed wire had a yield strength R p0.2 between 870 MPa and 900 MPa, a tensile strength R m between 890 MPa - 944 MPa, and an elongation A between 14% -17 %. The recrystallization annealing was followed by a curing treatment in which the wire was held at 480 ° C for 5 hours.

Der derart fertig behandelte Draht wies bei Raumtemperatur eine Dehngrenze Rp0,2 von mehr als 1400 MPa, eine Zugfestigkeit Rm von mehr als 1500 MPa und eine Dehnung A auf, die mindestens im Bereich von 4 % bis 5 % lag.The thus finished wire had at room temperature a yield strength R p0.2 of more than 1400 MPa, a tensile strength R m of more than 1500 MPa and an elongation A which was at least in the range of 4% to 5%.

Claims (22)

  1. Beta titanium alloy containing (in mass %): - V: 10 to 17%, - Fe: 2 to 5%, - Al : 2 to 5%, - Mo: 0.1 to 30,
    - and optionally one or more alloy elements from the group of Sn, Si, Cr, Nb, Zr according to the following proportions: - Sn: 0.1 to 3%, - Si: 0. 1 ≤ 2%, - Cr: ≤ 2%, - Nb: ≤ 2%, - Zr: ≤ 2%,
    - and as the remainder Ti and inevitable impurities.
  2. Beta titanium alloy containing (in mass %): - V: 10.00 to 17.00%, - Fe: 2.00 to 5.00%, - Al: 2.00 to 5.00%, - Mo: 0.10 to 3.00%,
    - and optionally one or more alloy elements from the group of Sn, Si, Cr, Nb, Zr according to the following proportions: - Sn: 0.10 to 3.00%, - Si: 0.10 to 2.00%, - Cr: ≤ 2.00%, - Nb: ≤ 2.00%, - Zr: ≤ 2.00%,
    - and as the remainder Ti and inevitable impurities.
  3. Beta titanium alloy according to any one of the preceding claims, containing 12 to 17 mass % V.
  4. Beta titanium alloy according to any one of the preceding claims, containing 0.5 to 3 mass % Mo.
  5. Beta titanium alloy according to any one of the preceding claims, containing 0.5 to 3 mass % Sn.
  6. Beta titanium alloy according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at ambient temperature it has a yield point Rp0.2 of at least 1,400 MPa.
  7. Beta titanium alloy according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at ambient temperature it has a tensile strength Rm of at least 1,500 MPa.
  8. Beta titanium alloy according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at ambient temperature it has a plastic strain εp0.2 of more than 4%.
  9. Beta titanium alloy according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that its density ρ does not exceed 4.8 g/cm3.
  10. Method for manufacturing a product produced from a beta titanium alloy, comprising the following steps:
    - melting a beta titanium melt having the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9 to form a preliminary product in block form,
    - hot-forming the preliminary product,
    - hot end forming the hot-formed preliminary product to form a hot end product,
    - solution annealing the hot end product,
    - cold-forming the hot end product to form an end product,
    - curing treatment of the end product.
  11. Method according to claim 10, characterised in that the hot end forming process is carried out as a hot-rolling process.
  12. Method according to claim 11, characterised in that the hot-rolling process is followed by a coiling process.
  13. Method according to claims 10 to 12, characterised in that the alloy elements V, Fe and Al are added by alloying in the form of a master alloy.
  14. Method according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterised in that the preliminary products are rounded blocks, which are hot-formed during the hot-forming process to form billets or mill bars.
  15. Method according to any one of claims 10 to 14, characterised in that the hot end product is a wire or a metal sheet.
  16. Method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, characterised in that the hot end product is solution annealed after the coiling process.
  17. Method according to claim 16, characterised in that the solution annealed hot end product is cold-formed.
  18. Semi-finished product produced from a beta titanium alloy having the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
  19. Use of a beta titanium alloy having the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for the production of components that are used in the temperature range from -196°C to 300°C.
  20. Use of a beta titanium alloy having the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for the production of vehicle components.
  21. Use of a beta titanium alloy having the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for the production of components used in plant or apparatus engineering.
  22. Use of a beta titanium alloy having the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for the production of sports equipment.
EP04740562A 2003-07-03 2004-07-02 Beta-titanium alloy, method for producing a hot-rolled product based on said alloy and the uses thereof Not-in-force EP1641950B1 (en)

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PCT/EP2004/007201 WO2005003399A1 (en) 2003-07-03 2004-07-02 Beta-titanium alloy, method for producing a hot-rolled product based on said alloy and the uses thereof

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RU2614356C1 (en) * 2016-04-13 2017-03-24 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов" (ФГУП "ВИАМ") Titanium-based alloy and product made from it
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