WO2005003399A1 - Beta-titanium alloy, method for producing a hot-rolled product based on said alloy and the uses thereof - Google Patents
Beta-titanium alloy, method for producing a hot-rolled product based on said alloy and the uses thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005003399A1 WO2005003399A1 PCT/EP2004/007201 EP2004007201W WO2005003399A1 WO 2005003399 A1 WO2005003399 A1 WO 2005003399A1 EP 2004007201 W EP2004007201 W EP 2004007201W WO 2005003399 A1 WO2005003399 A1 WO 2005003399A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- titanium alloy
- beta titanium
- hot
- alloy
- beta
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
Definitions
- Beta titanium alloy process for producing a hot rolled product from such an alloy and their uses
- Beta titanium alloys with high vanadium contents are characterized by good strength and good toughness and ductility. They are usually processed in an arm shaping process into semi-finished products, such as sheets, rods, hollow or solid profiles, wires, from which high-quality lightweight components are then manufactured.
- beta-titanium alloys typically contain V, Nb, Ta, Mo, Fe and Cr as the main alloy elements stabilizing the krz ß mixed crystal, as well as certain contents of Zr, Sn, Al and additives of Si.
- a beta titanium alloy and a method for producing components from this alloy are also from the
- the Cr content is less than
- a melt composed in this way is cast into ingots, which are then thermoformed into a component in a two-stage process.
- the component obtained is brought into solid solution by a heat treatment in which its temperature is kept at 10 ° C. to 40 ° C. below a value specified in the DD 281 422 A5 "transus ⁇ " real value. After this heat treatment, the part is held between 550 ° C to 650 ° C for four to twelve hours.
- the parts treated in this way have a proof stress R p o, 2 of at least 1100 MPa and tensile strength R m of at least 1200 MPa.
- beta titanium alloys are given in AT-PS 272 677, EP 0 408 313 B ⁇ and EP 0 600 579 B1.
- AT-PS 272 677 Further examples of beta titanium alloys are given in AT-PS 272 677, EP 0 408 313 B ⁇ and EP 0 600 579 B1.
- Common to the state of the art documented in these publications is the effort to provide a titanium alloy which is as easy to cast as possible, which at the same time has good mechanical properties and can be produced inexpensively.
- the object of the invention was therefore to create a high-strength beta titanium alloy with good plastic properties before curing for the purpose of good formability and high fatigue strength after curing, which can be produced inexpensively.
- a procedure should also be specified with which such an alloy can be used to produce high-strength components at low cost.
- this task is solved by a beta titanium alloy, which (in mass%) V: 10 - 17%, Fe: 2 - 5%, AI: 2 - 5%, Mo: 0.1 - 3 %, and optionally one or more alloy elements from the group Sn, Si, Cr, Nb, Zr according to the following stipulation: Sn: 0.1 - 3%, Si: 0.1 ⁇ 2%, Cr: ⁇ 2%, Nb: ⁇ 2%, Zr: ⁇ 2, where the beta titanium alloy can additionally have contents of C and of elements from the group of the lanthanides, and the balance contains Ti and unavoidable impurities.
- a beta-titanium alloy composed according to the invention safely achieves an elastic limit R p o, 2 of at least 1400 MPa, a tensile strength R m of at least 1500 MPa and a plastic elongation ⁇ p0 , 2 of more than 4% at room temperature.
- Their density p does not exceed 4.8 g / cm 3 , so that not only extremely strong but also weight-optimized components can be produced with a beta titanium alloy according to the invention.
- the alloy according to the invention has vanadium contents which are significantly higher than those which are provided in the prior art in beta titanium alloys.
- the ß-phase of the structure is stabilized and the heat resistance increased due to the high V-content.
- the V content in an alloy according to the invention is therefore preferably in the range from 12 to 17% by mass, in particular in the range from 13 to 17% by mass.
- Levels of 2 - 5% by mass of aluminum stabilize the ⁇ phase of the structure and cause effective mixed crystal hardening.
- the effect of iron in the titanium alloy composed according to the invention consists in stabilizing the ⁇ phase of the structure, increasing the heat resistance and improving the formation of mixed crystals.
- a titanium material according to the invention contains molybdenum in amounts of 0.1-3% by mass, preferably at least 0.5% by mass, in order to stabilize the ⁇ -phase of the structure and to increase the heat resistance.
- a beta titanium alloy according to the invention also contains one or more alloy elements from the group Sn, Si, Cr, Nb, Zr.
- the presence of tin has a beneficial effect on solid solution hardening and heat resistance.
- the Sn contents are therefore preferably in the range from 0.5 to 3% by mass.
- Silicon increases the heat resistance and the oxidation resistance in an alloy according to the invention.
- Chromium can be added to the alloy to stabilize the ß-phase of the structure and to increase the heat resistance.
- Additions to niobium also have a favorable influence on the heat resistance and the oxidation resistance of the alloy.
- the alloy according to the invention can contain further components as long as these do not negatively influence the properties achieved according to the invention.
- levels of carbon and levels of elements which are assigned to the group of lanthanides are assigned to the group of lanthanides.
- Optimal properties of the beta titanium alloys according to the invention are obtained if the limit values specified above are adhered to with at least two decimal places.
- the above-mentioned object is achieved in that the following work steps are carried out when producing a product produced from a beta titanium alloy:
- the hot forming for the production of strips or sheets can be carried out as hot rolling, which can be followed, if necessary, by coiling.
- the Ti alloy according to the invention can be produced particularly cost-effectively by alloying the alloy elements V, Fe and Al in a manner known per se, not in the form of a master alloy, but individually.
- Such master alloys are commercially available.
- the hot end product obtained by the process according to the invention after the hot final forming consists of single-phase, metastable beta titanium, the transus temperature T B of which is approximately 788 ° C. If the hot end product is produced by hot rolling, it has crystals stretched in the rolling direction and has a partially dynamically recrystallized structure.
- the block-shaped preliminary product processed in the course of the method according to the invention is obtained by remelting.
- a vacuum remelting furnace can be used for this in a manner known per se.
- the preliminary product can be round blocks, for example, which are then hot-formed into billets or blanks in the course of the hot forming.
- Sticks of this type are typically square-shaped with edge lengths of, for example, 70 mm or round with a diameter of, for example, 60 mm.
- the hot final forming is typically carried out at forming temperatures which are in the range from 950 ° C. to 1150 ° C. in order to be effective Cross-section reduction and homogenization of the composition and structure.
- an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the hot final product is solution-annealed after the hot final forming.
- Cold forming follows the solution annealing.
- Solution annealing is typically carried out at 875 ° C for 30 minutes.
- the solution-annealed hot end product is annealed to recrystallize.
- the temperatures during this annealing treatment with holding times of 20 to 40 minutes are typically in the range from 775 ° C to 875 ° C.
- the end product obtained after cold working has an elastic limit R po , 2 of at least 870 MPa to 900 MPa, a tensile strength R m which is 890 MPa to 944 MPa, and a plastic elongation of 14-17%.
- the product obtained has an elastic limit R p o, 2 of at least 1,400 MPa, an elastic limit R m of at least 1,500 MPa and an elongation ⁇ p ⁇ of at least 4%.
- the typical temperature of the curing treatment is approximately 480 ° C. If these time and temperature specifications are observed, an optimal range of properties of the end products produced according to the invention is established.
- Semifinished products such as blanks, sheets, rods, profiles or wires, can be produced from a beta titanium alloy according to the invention, which, due to their property profile, are excellently suited to highly resilient components.
- the semi-finished products can be produced inexpensively, in particular by using the method according to the invention.
- Beta titanium alloys according to the invention have proven to be particularly suitable as a construction material for the production of components which are used in rail or road-bound vehicles and in the aerospace industry. Examples of this use include axle springs, connecting rods, piston pins, high-strength screws, brake pistons and discs.
- beta-titanium alloys according to the invention are particularly well suited for the production of components which are used in the field of general mechanical engineering, apparatus construction, plant construction, container construction, cryogenic technology, vehicle construction or in the field of sports.
- beta titanium alloys obtained according to the invention are particularly suitable for beta titanium alloys obtained according to the invention.
- Suitable for the production of components that are used in the temperature range from -196 ° C to 300 ° C.
- Hot rolling temperatures which were in the range from 1100 ° C to 950 ° C, were hot-rolled into wire and then coiled into coils. After hot rolling, the wire had single-phase metastable ß-titanium (transus temperature T ß approx. 788 ° C) with crystallites stretched in the direction of the wire axis and partially dynamically recrystallized structure.
- the wire was solution annealed at 875 ° C for 30 minutes. After the solution annealing, the wire was cold formed. After the cold forming, the wire was recrystallized at temperatures that were between 775 ° C and 875 ° C, with a holding time that was in the range of 20 minutes to 40 minutes.
- the annealed wire had a yield strength R p o, 2 / between 870 MPa and 900 MPa, a tensile strength R m between 890 MPa and 944 MPa and an elongation A between 14% and 17%.
- the recrystallization annealing was followed by a curing treatment in which the wire was kept at 480 ° C. for 5 hours.
- the wire treated in this way had an elastic limit R po , 2 of more than 1400 MPa, a tensile strength R m of more than 1500 MPa and an elongation A which was at least in the range from 4% to 5% at room temperature.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Nonferrous Metals Or Alloys (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/560,977 US20070175552A1 (en) | 2003-07-03 | 2004-07-02 | Beta-titanium alloy, method for the production of a hot-rolled product from an alloy of this type, and uses thereof |
JP2006518094A JP2007527466A (en) | 2003-07-03 | 2004-07-02 | Beta titanium alloy, process for producing hot rolled products from this type of alloy, and use thereof |
DE502004007396T DE502004007396D1 (en) | 2003-07-03 | 2004-07-02 | BETA TITANIUM ALLOY, METHOD FOR PRODUCING A HOT ROLLING PRODUCT FROM SUCH ALLOY AND ITS USES |
EP04740562A EP1641950B1 (en) | 2003-07-03 | 2004-07-02 | Beta-titanium alloy, method for producing a hot-rolled product based on said alloy and the uses thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10329899.1 | 2003-07-03 | ||
DE10329899A DE10329899B8 (en) | 2003-07-03 | 2003-07-03 | Beta titanium alloy, process for producing a hot rolled product from such alloy and its uses |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005003399A1 true WO2005003399A1 (en) | 2005-01-13 |
Family
ID=33521276
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2004/007201 WO2005003399A1 (en) | 2003-07-03 | 2004-07-02 | Beta-titanium alloy, method for producing a hot-rolled product based on said alloy and the uses thereof |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070175552A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1641950B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2007527466A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20060111895A (en) |
CN (1) | CN100478472C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE398686T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10329899B8 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005003399A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200510297B (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007051637A1 (en) * | 2005-11-03 | 2007-05-10 | Hempel, Robert P. | Cold-workable ti alloy |
CN110846535A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-02-28 | 江苏威拉里新材料科技有限公司 | Titanium alloy powder |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4939740B2 (en) * | 2004-10-15 | 2012-05-30 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | β-type titanium alloy |
CN100460541C (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2009-02-11 | 上海交通大学 | Composite heat-resisting enhance titanium alloy |
US9440272B1 (en) | 2011-02-07 | 2016-09-13 | Southwire Company, Llc | Method for producing aluminum rod and aluminum wire |
CN102259254A (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2011-11-30 | 宝鸡市三立有色金属有限责任公司 | Material used for producing pressure sensor and manufacturing method of pressure sensor |
CN103320672B (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2015-07-22 | 汕头经济特区超艺螺丝工业有限公司 | Damping-function titanium alloy fastening connection unit |
CN104018028B (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2016-06-29 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of high alumina height silicon cast titanium alloy |
CN105624466A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-06-01 | 安徽同盛环件股份有限公司 | Thin-wall titanium alloy ring piece and forging molding method thereof |
RU2614356C1 (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2017-03-24 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов" (ФГУП "ВИАМ") | Titanium-based alloy and product made from it |
CN105803261B (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2018-01-02 | 东莞双瑞钛业有限公司 | The high tenacity casting titanium alloy material of golf club head |
CN106435264A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2017-02-22 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Medium-strength high-toughness corrosion-resistant weldable alloy and preparation method thereof |
CN107904443A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-04-13 | 燕山大学 | Strong super-high-plasticity titanium alloy in one kind |
CN108504897B (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2019-02-19 | 西安航空学院 | A kind of forging method of near β type titanium alloys and the titanium alloy rod bar |
CN109295342A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2019-02-01 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of Ti-Al-Mo-Sn-Zr-Si-V alloy and preparation method thereof |
CN109055817A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2018-12-21 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of Ti-Al-V-Fe-Zr-Si alloy and preparation method thereof |
CN109082561A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2018-12-25 | 燕山大学 | A kind of high-ductility titanium alloy and preparation method thereof |
CN112779437B (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2022-12-27 | 大田精密工业股份有限公司 | Titanium alloy material for golf club head and golf titanium alloy club head |
CN112899522B (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2022-04-05 | 西安稀有金属材料研究院有限公司 | Ultralow-elastic-modulus ultrahigh-work-hardening-rate Ti-Al-Mo-Cr series beta titanium alloy and heat treatment process thereof |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU443090A1 (en) * | 1972-10-09 | 1974-09-15 | Предприятие П/Я Г-4361 | Titanium based alloy |
JPH09316572A (en) * | 1996-06-03 | 1997-12-09 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Heat treatment for titanium alloy casting |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE681473A (en) * | 1965-05-24 | 1966-10-31 | ||
US3615378A (en) * | 1968-10-02 | 1971-10-26 | Reactive Metals Inc | Metastable beta titanium-base alloy |
US3986868A (en) * | 1969-09-02 | 1976-10-19 | Lockheed Missiles Space | Titanium base alloy |
FR2614040B1 (en) * | 1987-04-16 | 1989-06-30 | Cezus Co Europ Zirconium | PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A PART IN A TITANIUM ALLOY AND A PART OBTAINED |
DE69024418T2 (en) * | 1989-07-10 | 1996-05-15 | Nippon Kokan Kk | Titanium-based alloy and process for its superplastic shaping |
FR2676460B1 (en) * | 1991-05-14 | 1993-07-23 | Cezus Co Europ Zirconium | PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A TITANIUM ALLOY PIECE INCLUDING A MODIFIED HOT CORROYING AND A PIECE OBTAINED. |
US5294267A (en) * | 1992-12-04 | 1994-03-15 | Titanium Metals Corporation | Metastable beta titanium-base alloy |
-
2003
- 2003-07-03 DE DE10329899A patent/DE10329899B8/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-07-02 AT AT04740562T patent/ATE398686T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-07-02 US US10/560,977 patent/US20070175552A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-07-02 DE DE502004007396T patent/DE502004007396D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-02 WO PCT/EP2004/007201 patent/WO2005003399A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2004-07-02 EP EP04740562A patent/EP1641950B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-02 JP JP2006518094A patent/JP2007527466A/en active Pending
- 2004-07-02 KR KR1020067000188A patent/KR20060111895A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-07-02 CN CNB2004800190087A patent/CN100478472C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-12-19 ZA ZA200510297A patent/ZA200510297B/en unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU443090A1 (en) * | 1972-10-09 | 1974-09-15 | Предприятие П/Я Г-4361 | Titanium based alloy |
JPH09316572A (en) * | 1996-06-03 | 1997-12-09 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Heat treatment for titanium alloy casting |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
M.J.DONACHIE JR: "Titanium - A Technical Guide", 1988, ASM, OHIO US, XP002305815 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1998, no. 04 31 March 1998 (1998-03-31) * |
SPIEKERMANN P: "LEGIERUNGEN - EIN BESONDERES PATENTRECHTLICHES PROBLEM? - LEGIERUNGSPRUEFUNG IM EUROPAEISCHEN PATENTAMT -", MITTEILUNGEN DER DEUTSCHEN PATENTANWAELTE, HEYMANN, KOLN,, DE, 1993, pages 178 - 190, XP000961882, ISSN: 0026-6884 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007051637A1 (en) * | 2005-11-03 | 2007-05-10 | Hempel, Robert P. | Cold-workable ti alloy |
CN110846535A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-02-28 | 江苏威拉里新材料科技有限公司 | Titanium alloy powder |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE502004007396D1 (en) | 2008-07-31 |
CN100478472C (en) | 2009-04-15 |
ZA200510297B (en) | 2007-01-31 |
EP1641950B1 (en) | 2008-06-18 |
JP2007527466A (en) | 2007-09-27 |
US20070175552A1 (en) | 2007-08-02 |
DE10329899B3 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
CN1902331A (en) | 2007-01-24 |
DE10329899B8 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
ATE398686T1 (en) | 2008-07-15 |
EP1641950A1 (en) | 2006-04-05 |
KR20060111895A (en) | 2006-10-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1641950B1 (en) | Beta-titanium alloy, method for producing a hot-rolled product based on said alloy and the uses thereof | |
EP3314031B1 (en) | High strength and easily reformable almg tape and method for producing the same | |
DE3621671C2 (en) | ||
DE69117066T2 (en) | IMPROVED AL-LI ALLOY SYSTEM | |
DE69203791T2 (en) | Method for producing a workpiece from a titanium alloy with a modified hot processing stage and manufactured workpiece. | |
DE3024645C2 (en) | ||
DE10392805B4 (en) | Process for producing high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy | |
EP2449145B1 (en) | AlMgSi-sheet for applications with high shaping requirements | |
EP3176275B2 (en) | Aluminium-silicon die casting alloy method for producing a die casting component made of the alloy, and a body component with a die casting component | |
DE4411126A1 (en) | Improved ballistic Ti-6Al-4V alloy | |
EP1683882A1 (en) | Aluminium alloy with low quench sensitivity and process for the manufacture of a semi-finished product of this alloy | |
DE2953182A1 (en) | Aluminum alloy | |
DE3852092T2 (en) | High-strength titanium material with improved ductility and process for producing this material. | |
WO2002083967A1 (en) | Method for producing almn strips or sheets | |
EP1017867B1 (en) | Aluminium based alloy and method for subjecting it to heat treatment | |
DE2500084C3 (en) | Process for the production of aluminum semi-finished products | |
DE69402496T2 (en) | Process for the production of sheet metal from an Al alloy, which has a delayed natural aging, excellent ductility and bake hardenability | |
DE68913561T2 (en) | Aluminum-lithium alloys. | |
DE2235168C2 (en) | Process for the production of aluminum alloys and their use | |
EP1458898A1 (en) | Hot- and cold-formed aluminium alloy | |
EP0394818A1 (en) | Rolled aluminium product and process for its production | |
EP1945827B1 (en) | Cold-workable ti alloy | |
EP1453984B1 (en) | Method for the production of hot strip or sheet from a micro-alloyed steel | |
DE4023816A1 (en) | THERMOMECHANICAL METHOD FOR TREATING TITANAL ALUMINIDES BASED ON TI (DOWN ARROW) 3 (DOWN ARROW) AL | |
DE1290727B (en) | Process for the production of high strength niobium alloys |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200480019008.7 Country of ref document: CN |
|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2004740562 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2005/10297 Country of ref document: ZA Ref document number: 200510297 Country of ref document: ZA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2006518094 Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1020067000188 Country of ref document: KR |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2004740562 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 10560977 Country of ref document: US Ref document number: 2007175552 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 10560977 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 2004740562 Country of ref document: EP |