EP1631393A1 - Verfahren zur sinterbeschichtung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur sinterbeschichtungInfo
- Publication number
- EP1631393A1 EP1631393A1 EP04733794A EP04733794A EP1631393A1 EP 1631393 A1 EP1631393 A1 EP 1631393A1 EP 04733794 A EP04733794 A EP 04733794A EP 04733794 A EP04733794 A EP 04733794A EP 1631393 A1 EP1631393 A1 EP 1631393A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- workpiece
- work
- heat
- piece
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/18—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping
- B05D1/22—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping using fluidised-bed technique
- B05D1/24—Applying particulate materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
- B05D3/0218—Pretreatment, e.g. heating the substrate
- B05D3/0236—Pretreatment, e.g. heating the substrate with ovens
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
- B05D3/0254—After-treatment
- B05D3/0272—After-treatment with ovens
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for sinter coating a workpiece and to a device suitable for carrying out the method.
- Plastic powders suitable for carrying out such processes are e.g. offered by DEGUSSA AG, Mari, under the trade name VESTOSI NT.
- the sinter coating of a workpiece conventionally takes place in such a way that the workpiece is first heated to a temperature above the melting temperature of the material to be sintered and then brought into contact with the - generally powdery - material.
- the contact takes place at ambient temperatures, which must necessarily be below the melting temperature of the sintered material, so that the workpiece loses heat during contact with the sintered material and ultimately falls below the melting temperature of the sintered material, as a result of which the sintering process comes to a standstill.
- the thickness of the layer previously deposited on the workpiece is proportional to the time between the beginning of contact with the sintered material and the point in time at which its melting temperature falls below.
- the cooling takes place faster than with a workpiece with a higher material thickness, so that in order to achieve the same layer thicknesses on workpieces with different material thicknesses, the temperatures to which the workpieces are heated must be different they are brought into contact with the sintered material.
- sintered coatings with a desired coating thickness can thus be achieved by a suitable choice of the temperature at which workpieces are brought into contact with the sintered material.
- shock heating methods have been proposed in which the heating of the workpiece is stopped before it has reached a homogeneous temperature distribution. It is thereby achieved that, when brought into contact with the sintered material, sections of the workpiece with a low surface-related heat capacity have a higher temperature than those with a low surface-related heat capacity, so that the time periods until cooling below the melting temperature and thus the resulting layer thicknesses become approximately the same for both sections.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a method and a device which allow the production of sintered layers of high quality and homogeneous thickness on workpieces which have sections with different surface-related heat capacities.
- this goal can be achieved by adding a step of preheating the workpiece to conventional shock heating, the preheating conditions being selected such that, when the workpiece is continuously acted on, it brings the temperature to a temperature which is between the melting temperature of the workpiece Coating material and the temperature that the workpiece would reach if it were continuously exposed to the conditions of shock heating.
- Heat capacity is reduced by the preheating step, and that thereby the
- Cooling of its surface is reduced. While in the case of simple shock heating without preheating, deepened surface regions of the workpiece, in particular at a border between sections of different surface-related heat capacity, absorb comparatively little heat due to their protected location and accordingly cool quickly during coating, such areas in the method according to the invention retain a suitable surface for sintering due to the preheating Temperature at longer, so that a layer of good quality is also created in these problem areas.
- Both the preheating and the shock heating are preferably carried out by placing the workpiece in a heat bath, in particular in the form of an oven.
- the dwell time of the workpiece in the second heat bath, ie the preheating step, should preferably last longer than the stay in the first heat bath, ie the shock heating.
- these different dwell times are preferably realized by expanding the preheating furnace along a conveyor line for workpieces to be coated is larger than that of the furnace for shock heating.
- a rough surface can result in incomplete melting of the sintered material in a final phase.
- the sintered material is preferably applied to the workpiece by introducing the heated workpiece into the sintered material in a fluidized state.
- a polyamide powder such as the VESTOSINT powder mentioned above is suitable as the sintered material. This has a melting point of 176 ° C; therefore a temperature of the second heat bath between 240 and 340 ° C is suitable for preheating; a temperature of the first heat bath between 390 and 420 ° C. is preferred for shock heating.
- the shock heating is expediently stopped when the section with the higher surface-related heat capacity has reached an average temperature which is selected in a range between 300 and 370 ° C.
- the specifically selected temperature depends on the ratio of the surface-related heat capacities; the more different these are, the lower the break-off temperature must be selected in order to ensure the same layer thicknesses on the different sections of the workpiece.
- a preferred application of the method according to the invention is the coating of a heat exchanger, in particular a condenser for a refrigeration device, the section with a high surface-related heat capacity being a pipe for a heat transfer fluid and the section with a low surface-related heat capacity being a wire attached to the pipe.
- FIG. 1 shows a heat exchanger as an example of a workpiece on which the method can be carried out
- FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a system for carrying out the method
- Fig. 3 surface temperatures of the condenser as a function of time when heated according to the inventive method.
- Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a section of a known condenser in wire-tube design for a refrigerator, to which the coating method according to the invention is advantageously applicable.
- Such an evaporator is essentially constructed from two different types of elements, a zigzag-shaped steel tube 1 and a plurality of wires 2, which are each arranged transversely to straight-line sections of the steel tube 1 and connect them to one another.
- the wires 2 thus serve at the same time to stiffen the evaporator and to enlarge its heat-exchanging surface.
- the steel tube 1 typically has an outer diameter of 8 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm.
- the wires 2 are solid with a typical diameter of 1.6 mm.
- the wires 2 are fastened to the steel tube 1 by spot welding, soldering or other suitable techniques, narrow, poorly accessible angles 4 being formed in the contact area 3 between tube 1 and wire 2.
- the coating device shown in a highly schematic form in FIG. 2 comprises a conveying device 5, to which groups of several heat exchangers 6 can be fastened.
- the groups of heat exchangers 6 are conveyed through the coating device by stepwise movements of the conveying device 5, the time spans between successive conveying steps being 20 to 40 s, for example.
- the heat exchangers 6 first pass through a preheating furnace 7, which is kept at a fixed temperature between 200 and 340 ° C., here at 240 ° C., by a preheating burner 8.
- the length of the preheating furnace 7 is selected such that two groups of heat exchangers fit in or two conveying steps are required in order to convey one group through the preheating furnace 7.
- a preheating furnace 9 is directly connected to the preheating furnace 7 and is kept at a temperature between 390 and 420 ° C. by another burner 10.
- the two furnaces 7, 9 can be delimited from one another by a lock 15 indicated as a dashed line in the figure; however, this is not absolutely necessary.
- the shock heating furnace 9 has space for a group of heat exchangers 6; their residence time in the furnace 9 therefore corresponds to the time span between two conveying steps of the conveying device 5.
- the conveyor device 5 has actuators (not shown) for lowering a group of heat exchangers 6 into the fluidized bed 11 and for lifting the group again.
- the fluidized bed 11 offers space for a group of heat exchangers 6, so that the maximum residence time of the heat exchangers therein corresponds to the time interval between two conveying steps of the conveying device 5.
- the actual dwell time in the fluidized bed 11 can be shortened as desired by lifting the heat exchangers 6 out of the fluidized bed 11 at a point in time that can in principle be chosen as desired between two conveying steps of the conveying device 5.
- the heat exchangers 6 provided with a polyamide coating in the fluidized bed 11 finally reach a post-heating furnace 12 in which they are heated again to a temperature above the melting temperature of the polyamide powder.
- the reheating furnace 12 is kept at a temperature of 240 ° C. by a burner 13.
- This post-heating furnace 12 serves to improve the quality of the polyamide layers deposited on the heat exchangers 6.
- these may have a certain roughness, which is due to the fact that towards the end of the deposition of the sintered material on the heat exchangers, their temperature may have dropped to such an extent that it is no longer sufficient to completely melt the sintered material grains.
- the reheating furnace 12 offers space for two groups of heat exchangers 6, so that two steps of the conveying device 3 are required in order to convey the heat exchangers 6 through the reheating furnace 12.
- Fig. 3 shows the time course of the surface temperatures of wires and tubes of a heat exchanger 6 on its way through the furnaces 7 and 9.
- the temperature inside is 240 ° C; the temperature of the wires 2, represented by a curve 16, approaches this value faster than the temperature of the pipe 1, represented by a curve 17.
- neither the wires nor the pipe reach the air temperature of the preheating furnace; after 60 s the temperature of the wires is almost equalized at approx. 220 ° C; at around 170 ° C, that of the pipe is significantly lower.
- the heat transfer to the fluidized bed is slower due to the protected location of these locations than at exposed surface areas of the tube, so that it can be expected that at these locations a Sufficient temperature for melting the coating material remains longer than at another location, which compensates for the difficult access of the coating material to these locations and a layer of uniform thickness and high quality is obtained even at these problem locations.
Landscapes
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10322678A DE10322678A1 (de) | 2003-05-20 | 2003-05-20 | Verfahren zur Sinterbeschichtung |
| PCT/EP2004/005442 WO2004103579A1 (de) | 2003-05-20 | 2004-05-19 | Verfahren zur sinterbeschichtung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1631393A1 true EP1631393A1 (de) | 2006-03-08 |
| EP1631393B1 EP1631393B1 (de) | 2009-03-18 |
Family
ID=33441016
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04733794A Expired - Lifetime EP1631393B1 (de) | 2003-05-20 | 2004-05-19 | Verfahren zur sinterbeschichtung |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7790224B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1631393B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN100500305C (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE425816T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10322678A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2322810T3 (de) |
| RU (1) | RU2335349C2 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2004103579A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106922169B (zh) * | 2014-11-20 | 2018-02-16 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 涂装干燥装置和涂装干燥方法 |
| CN108273711A (zh) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-07-13 | 青岛乙顺铁塑制品有限公司 | 一种沾塑机 |
| CN117046667A (zh) * | 2022-05-07 | 2023-11-14 | 天辰化工有限公司 | 一种衬塑生产工艺 |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3028251A (en) * | 1956-11-20 | 1962-04-03 | Polymer Corp | Method of coating an article with a powdered resin composition and method of making the composition |
| US2974060A (en) * | 1958-07-18 | 1961-03-07 | Polymer Corp | Fluidized bed coating method |
| NL261953A (de) * | 1960-03-05 | |||
| US3479200A (en) * | 1965-03-12 | 1969-11-18 | Western Electric Co | Method of and apparatus for coating articles |
| FR2638466B1 (fr) * | 1988-11-03 | 1993-05-07 | Atochem | Procede pour revetir des substrats metalliques a l'aide d'un primaire en poudre et d'un revetement superficiel applique par trempage, compositions de primaire en poudre utilisees et materiaux composites obtenus |
| CN1091006C (zh) * | 1995-04-12 | 2002-09-18 | 美国铝公司 | 用于涂敷金属条的方法和设备及其制品 |
| DE19624071A1 (de) * | 1996-06-17 | 1997-12-18 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von bahnförmigen metallbeschichteten Folien |
| RU2091500C1 (ru) * | 1996-10-24 | 1997-09-27 | Шевелкин Валерий Иванович | Способ нанесения покрытий из поливинилбутираля на детали судового машиностроения |
| FR2795004A1 (fr) * | 1999-06-15 | 2000-12-22 | Atofina | Procede de recouvrement d'un objet par un film et appareillage pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
| US6589607B1 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2003-07-08 | Material Sciences Corporation | Method of coating a continuously moving substrate with thermoset material and corresponding apparatus |
| US6537610B1 (en) * | 2001-09-17 | 2003-03-25 | Springco Metal Coating, Inc. | Method for providing a dual-layer coating on an automotive suspension product |
-
2003
- 2003-05-20 DE DE10322678A patent/DE10322678A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-05-19 AT AT04733794T patent/ATE425816T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-05-19 DE DE502004009179T patent/DE502004009179D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-05-19 US US10/557,393 patent/US7790224B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-05-19 WO PCT/EP2004/005442 patent/WO2004103579A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2004-05-19 CN CNB2004800208396A patent/CN100500305C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-05-19 RU RU2005135736/11A patent/RU2335349C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-05-19 ES ES04733794T patent/ES2322810T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-05-19 EP EP04733794A patent/EP1631393B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2004103579A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1631393B1 (de) | 2009-03-18 |
| ES2322810T3 (es) | 2009-06-29 |
| US20070062616A1 (en) | 2007-03-22 |
| DE10322678A1 (de) | 2004-12-09 |
| US7790224B2 (en) | 2010-09-07 |
| RU2335349C2 (ru) | 2008-10-10 |
| CN100500305C (zh) | 2009-06-17 |
| WO2004103579A1 (de) | 2004-12-02 |
| RU2005135736A (ru) | 2006-07-10 |
| DE502004009179D1 (de) | 2009-04-30 |
| ATE425816T1 (de) | 2009-04-15 |
| CN1826184A (zh) | 2006-08-30 |
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