Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
  • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
  • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
  • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
  • G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
  • G05B19/0423—Input/output
  • G05B19/0425—Safety, monitoring
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
  • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
  • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
  • G05B19/418—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM]
  • G05B19/4185—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM] characterised by the network communication
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
  • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
  • G05B2219/20—Pc systems
  • G05B2219/25—Pc structure of the system
  • G05B2219/25156—Full echo communication check, echo back
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
  • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
  • G05B2219/20—Pc systems
  • G05B2219/25—Pc structure of the system
  • G05B2219/25181—Repeater
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
  • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
  • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
  • G05B2219/31—From computer integrated manufacturing till monitoring
  • G05B2219/31156—Network structure, internet
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
  • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
  • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
  • G05B2219/31—From computer integrated manufacturing till monitoring
  • G05B2219/31205—Remote transmission of measured values from site, local to host
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
  • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
  • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
  • G05B2219/31—From computer integrated manufacturing till monitoring
  • G05B2219/31213—Synchronization of servers in network
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
  • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
  • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
  • G05B2219/37—Measurements
  • G05B2219/37533—Real time processing of data acquisition, monitoring
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
  • Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

Definitions

• the invention relates to a modular data acquisition and transmission system with the preamble features of claim 1, a transmission device for transmitting data over a transmission link in a data network with the preamble features of claim 2 or to a module device for controlling a module on a transmission link within a Data network with the generic features of claim 21.
• Central signal processing and data acquisition devices which are mostly installed in cost-intensive, voluminous 19 housings, cannot be used at increasingly greater distances, since the highly sensitive sensor signals are already falsified by an inevitable coupling of electromagnetic interference on analog transmission paths before they are installed in a central facility can be amplified and digitized.
• PCM Pulse Code Modulation
• a local data network with the Ethernet standard is known for connecting computers, for example.
• LAN Local Area Network
• the maximum permissible distance between two computers to be connected is 205 m, provided that two so-called hubs are set up as distribution devices with a maximum permissible distance of 5 m between them and a maximum permissible distance of 100 m between a hub and a computer become.
• the other sub-standards especially those with a radio interface (WLAN: Wireless Local Area Network), are limited to maximum transmission ranges between two stations.
• the oil industry has had the longstanding problem of monitoring pipelines for the long-distance transportation of oil over hundreds of kilometers.
• Various parameters of the transport conditions and the oil are recorded at predetermined intervals using sensors and the like and transmitted to an evaluation center. Cables are used for the transmission, which due to the large distances and the mandatory shielding are complex to install and expensive.
• the object of the invention is to improve a modular data acquisition and transmission system or a transmission device for transmitting data over at least one transmission link in such a way that further distances can also be bridged. It should preferably be possible to control individual modules on a transmission link remotely with a simple effort and without special additional devices.
• the data acquisition and transmission system makes it possible to continuously record any number of different physical variables from widely distributed, stationary or mobile measuring points, to transmit them in a fail-safe manner and to output them at any location with a defined delay and / or to save them on a computer in a time-synchronized manner. It also enables simple direct control of remote modules and connected devices. Essentially inexpensive components can be used for already standardized local data networks.
• FIG. 1 shows a data acquisition and transmission system with a plurality of modules which have a transmission device for acquiring and transmitting data via two connected transmission links in each case;
• Fig. 2 an input and • output module with the possibility
• 4 shows an output module with the possibility of taking analog data from the transmission links and outputting them to external devices
• 5 shows an output module with the possibility of taking digital data from the transmission links and outputting them to an external device
• FIG. 6 shows a coupler module as a distributor device with the possibility of connecting further transmission links to the transmission links
• Fig. 7 shows a transceiver module for connecting a
• FIG. 8 shows a power supply module for feeding a supply power into the transmission links
• Fig. 10 is a bridging module for bridging larger
• 11A-11F network topologies with exemplary transmission sequences in such a data acquisition and transmission system.
• an exemplary data acquisition and transmission system is used to monitor a pipeline 49 for transporting oil over a greater distance.
• monitoring stations with input and output modules 1, 1 ° are set up along the pipeline 49.
• the input and output modules 1, 1 ° are via transmission links 9 connected to one another and via an interface module 32 to a central monitoring station PC in order to be able to communicate with one another and to exchange data d.
• the input and output modules 1, 1 ° have inputs 7 'for sensor devices 7 for detecting these physical quantities p, T, v as data d to be transmitted.
• the input and output modules 1, 1 ° preferably have combined inputs and outputs 7 'for bidirectional data exchange. This enables functional and components within the module to readjust sensor parameters independently without having to communicate with a central control device via the transmission network. For example, plausibility checks are possible in which 1 the overshoot or undershoot of limit values is monitored, for example to adjust a gain if necessary.
• the first of the input and output modules 1, 1 ° shown also has an output 7 * to an external device 7 °, for example a pump M.
• the pump M is transferred from the computer PC of the monitoring station to data d as control data ⁇ s o ii for determining its conveying speed after the pump M receives its current operating parameters ⁇ as data d to be transmitted to the monitoring station in the computer PC and as not were rated appropriately.
• the interface module 32 is connected to the central monitoring station PC via a network or connection system, for example according to USB, to an interface 34 of the monitoring station PC.
• the data is transmitted via a standardized data transmission system which may be external to the network from the point of view of the present data acquisition and transmission system.
• a direct connection to an Ethernet connection of a computer as a monitoring station instead of an interface module is also possible.
• each module 1, 1 °, 32 has two, a first and a second transmission link connection 10, 10 '. As a result, each module 1, 1 °, 32 is connected to two other modules 1, 1 °, 16, 17, 32.
• the transmission links 9 are cables with LAN lines of a standard network, preferably according to an Ethernet standard. According to the preferred embodiment, however, the cables of the transmission links 9 are specially constructed. In addition to data lines 11, the cables also have supply lines 12 for passing a supply power to the individual modules 1, 1 °, 32.
• An example of this is Power over Ethernet (PoE), in which the 4 unused wires of the 8-wire cable are used to carry out a supply voltage of 48V, each with 2 wires for the plus and minus poles, for the internal resistance and thus the voltage drop reduce long lines.
• PoE Power over Ethernet
• each module 1, 1 °, 16, 17, 32 has a transmission device 50 which has the first and second transmission link connections 10, 10 'and its own control device 3 for controlling the Transmission of data d between the transmission links 9 has.
• Each transmission link connection 10, 10 ' has a coupling device for connecting a cable of the transmission link 9. From this, a first connection with data lines 11 leads to a first or second data interface device 2, 2 ′, in particular an Ethernet LAN port. In the case of, for example, a 10OBaseT data network, the data lines 11 are provided by a cable with 8 wires for this.
• the data interface devices 2, 2 ' convert received and possibly further data d of the connected transmission link 9 into a format which can be processed by the control device 3, and the data interface devices 2, 2' add to the transmission link 9 from the control device sending data d into a format which corresponds to that of the connected transmission link 9.
• the control device 3 receives data d from one of the transmission links 9 or data interface devices 2, 2 'and processes them if necessary. If the data d are to be transmitted further via the other transmission link 9, the control device 3 forwards the possibly processed data d via the other data interface device 2 ′ or 2 and the other transmission link 9 to the next module. •
• each of the two transmission links 9 has an independent transmission link 9 or an independent data network with the two modules 16-1, 1-1 °, 1 ° connected to it - 32, 32 - 17 trained as end devices.
• the data interface devices 2, 2 ′ are controlled via the control device 3, the data d to be transmitted possibly being processed in the control device 3.
• Each transmission link 9 can have the maximum permissible length for the corresponding data network standard. This concept thus enables the transmission of the data d over a distance that is unlimited in principle by a chaining of a plurality of independent transmission paths 9 or data networks that are independent and independent.
• a second connection is carried by the coupling device of the transmission link 10, 10 ' Supply lines 12, which can also be physically identical to the data lines, to a DC voltage converter 8.
• the DC voltage converter 8 provides the supply power received via the transmission link 9 for the other data interface device 2, 2 ′ or the other transmission link 9.
• the DC voltage converter 8 provides a supply power suitable for the module, in particular a suitable operating voltage and operating power.
• the preferred DC voltage converter 8 has an input connection for a supply power with a large input voltage range, e.g. 5 - 250 V, and transforms this to at least one output voltage value, which is required for the control device 3.
• a supply power from a multiplicity of different voltage sources can be provided via the supply line 12 of the transmission link 9, so that the use of the overall system is independent with regard to the power supply of the individual modules.
• Usual voltage networks in particular direct or alternating voltage networks, battery-buffered solar cells or diesel generators can be connected.
• the cable of the transmission link 9 preferably has two supply lines 12, whereby these can also be distributed over a plurality of wires of the cable.
• the use of only one supply line 12 and direct grounding of each module is also possible. It is also possible to use a cable without supply lines 12 if the modules have an independent power supply.
• Data and supply lines can also be physically identical, with the data being modulated onto the supply lines and coupled out again at the receiving end using suitable low, high or bandpass filters.
• Both the data interface devices 2, 2 ′ and the DC voltage converter 8 are designed in such a way that there is galvanic isolation 13 of their input and output lines.
• FIGS. 2-10 The further exemplary modules shown are described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 2-10.
• the same reference numerals are used for functional and structural elements that have the same or comparable functionality. In order to avoid repetitions, a repeated description of the functional and structural elements already described is omitted in each case.
• the input and output module 1 has in addition to the
• Data interface devices 2, 2 'inputs and outputs 7' which are designed to transmit data d and signals of various types between the module and in particular external devices.
• Control device 3 further functional and components 4 - 6, 14 switched.
• a memory 14 is connected to the control device 3.
• the memory 14 serves for the temporary storage of data d which are to be transmitted between one of the transmission links 9 and one of the further inputs or outputs 7 '.
• the control device 3 advantageously has its own memory.
• the standard protocol preferred for the transmission links 9 expediently provides for an asynchronous transmission of the data d.
• sensor data p, v, T, ⁇ are transmitted synchronously and in a fixed, predetermined time sequence by a large number of conventional sensor devices 7.
• the intermediate memory 14 or a further memory is therefore dimensioned so large that a sufficient number of data d to be processed synchronously can be stored before asynchronous transmission is possible.
• data d received asynchronously are buffered until synchronous processing is possible. There is thus a separation between an asynchronous and a synchronously operated section of the input and output module 1.
• the input and output module 1 has, in addition to the control device 3, which is used for asynchronous data processing, an independent data processing device 4, which is used for synchronous data processing and data acquisition.
• Data d originating from the inputs 7 ′ are preprocessed by the data processing device 4 and transmitted indirectly to the control device 3 via the memory 14 or directly.
• the control device 3 is used to control the transmission of data d via the transmission links 9 and the data processing device 4 is used to transmit and process data d and signals via the inputs and outputs 7 ′ to further external devices.
• the data processing device 4 is connected to analog filters 5, analog signal processing devices 6 and analog / digital converters, which are preferably integrated in the data processing device 4.
• the properties of the analog filter 5 and the analog signal processing device 6 in the first input and output module 1 can be digitally programmed by the control device 3 or the data acquisition device 4. Corresponding connections of the data processing devices are then bidirectional. It is also possible to set up a digital transmission in the direction from the data acquisition device 4 to the signal processing device 6 and an analog transmission in the opposite direction.
• the input and output module 1 also has a clock 15, in particular a precision clock.
• the clock 15 is used to synchronize data d that have been or are to be transmitted via the asynchronous transmission paths 9.
• FIG. 3 shows a combined digital input and output module 18. Since there is no analog processing, the various components (5, 6) for analog processing are unnecessary and omitted. The data processing device (4) is also missing in this module, since no sampling of analog data and conversion into digital data is required. Accordingly, the combined input and output 19 for digital data d from or to external digital devices is connected directly to the memory 14. In a particularly simple embodiment, even the memory 14 can be omitted. This makes it possible, depending on the configuration as an input and / or output module, to connect at least one external device which continuously outputs serial or parallel digital data 19. Accordingly, at least one external device can also be connected provides or reads serial or parallel, digital data 19 for reading.
• Fig. 4 shows a pure analog output module 20.
• a data output device 21 receives data d from the control device 3 and / or the memory 14 and prepares it for the output to the outputs 22.
• the data output device 21 also has at least one digital / analog converter, the value-discrete analog output data of which can optionally be smoothed by an analog filter 5. This enables time-continuous output of analog data on at least one channel or one line.
• FIG. 5 shows a pure digital output module 23.
• the data d are output directly to the digital output 19 via the memory 14.
• This module 24 has more than two data interface devices 2, 2 ', 2 °, 2 ° ° C, 2 * and transmission link connections 10, 10', 10 °, 10 ° ° C, 10 * for connecting more than two transmission links 9.
• the distribution device 25 is a hub or switch known per se. Data d that were received via a transmission link 9 are forwarded over all, one or more selected ones of the transmission links 9.
• the transceiver module 26 has only one data interface device 2 and one transmission link connection 10 to a line or cable-bound transmission link.
• Data d to be transmitted are between the data interface device 2 and a radio interface control device or one Radio interface access point 27 transmitted.
• the radio interface control device 27 transmits the data d via at least one antenna 28 from or to another transceiver module, which can also be a conventional WLAN transceiver module (WLAN access point).
• the data d are sent and possibly received via a radio-supported transmission link 35, ie via a WLAN communication channel.
• the transceiver module 26 with at least one antenna 28 and a single WLAN access point 27 for bridging larger distances than would actually be permitted for the radio system.
• the data will e.g. Received via a radio-supported transmission link, buffered and then sent on to another module via another radio-supported transmission link.
• two transceiver modules 26 can also be provided, which operate on different carrier frequencies and via which two independent radio-supported transmission links 35 to other transceiver modules 26 are set up.
• the 8 shows a power supply module 29.
• the purpose of this is to feed a supply power into the supply lines 12 of the transmission link 9 which is used to supply power to other modules on the transmission link.
• the two supply lines 12 are separated from the communication and data lines 11 from the cable and connected to the output of a voltage converter 30.
• the voltage converter is supplied by an internal or external voltage source 31.
• 9 shows the interface module 32.
• the control device 3 is connected to an interface converter 33.
• the interface converter 33 converts data d from the transmission link into a format which is adapted to a standard interface of another system or standard. The converted data d are then transmitted via a corresponding connection to an external device with a corresponding standard interface 34.
• the interface converter 33 conversely converts data d for the transmission link from a format which is adapted to the standard interface of the other system or standard in order to be able to receive data from the other system and to forward it to the transmission link.
• the interface module 32 enables the connection of at least one external device 34 with at least one standard interface that is compatible with, for example, USB, RS232, RS422, RS485, Centronics, IEC, CAN, Profibus, FLAN, FireWire, SCSI, IrDA, I 2 C, SPI, QSPI, ISDN, DSL, GSM, GPRS or UMTS.
• a bridging module 51 shown in FIG. 10 for bridging further lines without other intermediate modules advantageously has only one transmission device 50 without further components.
• 100 Mbps Ethernet (lOOBaseT) as the standard for the transmission of data d over the respective transmission link 9 is its individual maximum length 100 m, with WLAN Ethernet with a legal restriction of the radiated power of 20dBm (100mW) and line of sight approx .500 m.
• 10 Mbps Ethernet the maximum distances that can be bridged are larger, but also limited.
• sensor devices 7 or external devices 7 ° are required as interfaces between two independent transmission paths 9, however, only at kilometer intervals.
• the bridging module 51 is preferred and, in the case of radio transmissions by means of WLAN Ethernet, one or two transceiver modules 26 connected in particular to it
• Transmission path 9 can be connected directly to one another.
• a bridging module is not required in this case.
• the individual modules are preferably also modular in themselves so that they can be built up if necessary, disassembled after use and put together again for other purposes if necessary.
• the interface devices (2, 2 '; 27) can e.g. as an internal assembly directly connected to the control device (3) or as an external assembly via an interface connection to the control device.
• modules are also possible to combine various of the modules described or other functional and structural elements to form a larger device.
• a close coupling of several independent modules of this type is preferred.
• the modules advantageously have housings with mechanical and / or electrical coupling elements.
• Coupling with conventional Ethernet LAN or WLAN data network devices is also possible as long as their maximum distance to the coupling point is maintained.
• 11 shows six data network topologies on the basis of the individual illustrations 11A-11F.
• 11A shows the case of a linearly linked sequence of modules 1, 18, 20, 23, 29, 32, 51 as LAN topology 38.
• Modules described above are linked in each case, for example input and output modules 1, digital input and output modules 18, analog output modules 20, digital output modules 23, power supply modules 29, interface modules 32 and / or bridging modules 51.
• the transmission links are each formed by a cable with data lines 11 and supply lines 12, each of which is connected to one of the two transmission link connections 10 or 10 'of one of the connected modules 1, 18, 20, 23, 29, 32, 51.
• a computer 36 is connected via a LAN data interface device 2, e.g. an Ethernet network card.
• the computer serves as a central control device for the sensors to be addressed and devices that are connected externally or internally to the modules.
• a power supply device 37 is connected to supply the modules to the entire route.
• the modules from FIG. the first input and output module 1 advantageously directly with the LAN interface device, i.e. the central network card.
• the two supply lines 12 remain open in this case. It is also possible to connect a standard LAN cable between the computer PC and the module connected to it, provided that the module provides a corresponding connection socket. It is also possible to supply directly from the PC via selected lines of the LAN cable, provided that the PC has a suitable connection to a power supply device 37. An example of this is the standard Power-over-Ethernet (PoE).
• PoE Power-over-Ethernet
• 11B shows an arrangement of a data network 39 with a linearly concatenated LAN / WLAN topology comprising line-coupled and radio-supported transmission links 9, 35.
• 11C shows an arrangement of a data network 40 with a linearly chained WLAN topology composed of radio-supported transmission links 35.
• Further line-coupled modules 1, 18, 20, 23, 32, 51 are connected to the transceiver modules 26.
• FIG. HD shows an arrangement of a data network 41 with a hierarchical LAN topology composed of line-coupled transmission links 9, which are connected to a coupler or distributor module 24.
• FIG. HE shows an arrangement of a data network 42 with a hierarchical WLAN topology with radio-supported transmission links 35, in which the data of a transceiver module 26 are transmitted to a plurality of remote transceiver modules 26 via a radio-supported transmission link 35.
• HF shows an arrangement of a data network 43 with a ring-shaped LAN topology composed of line-coupled transmission links 9, the first and the last module of the chain being connected to one another via transmission link 9.
• the system is characterized by the connection of any number of input / output modules 1, 18, 20, 23 for input or output of digital or analog data, network modules 26, 24 for wireless transmission and network branching, power supply modules 29 for voltage supply, interface modules 32 for integration external devices with standard interfaces, computers 36 and power supplies 37.
• any two neighboring modules 1, 18, 20, 23, 24, 26, 29, 32, 51 with the exception of two network modules Transceiver 26 are each connected via an autonomous cable connection, e.g. a solid jumper or a 100 m long cable with lOOBaseT Ethernet, from the transmission link or output port 10 of the one module is connected to the input port 10 'of the other module.
• the cable connections have a LAN-compatible communication channel 11.
• a supply channel 12 for the power supply is additionally implemented.
• the connection between at least two adjacent network modules can also be carried out wirelessly via transceivers 26 and a WLAN-compatible communication channel 35, for example over a distance of 500 m.
• the system enables the most diverse, in particular all, network topologies 38-43 and all their combinations to be mapped both via wired LAN and via wireless WLAN.
• a particular advantage compared to conventional central measuring systems are the linearly chained topologies 38 - 40, which can be used to transmit measurement data from objects that are spatially extended. For example, data of a 200 km long pipeline with equidistant measuring points can be transmitted to any point every 500 m, e.g. the computer PC, 36 of a monitoring station.
• Each module 1, 18, 20, 23, 24, 26, 29, 32, 51 is designed to forward the data of its predecessor module 16 to its successor module 17, possibly by adding or removing its own data. Even ring-shaped topologies 43 for increasing security are possible, in which the transmission network remains fully functional after a connection has been interrupted.
• the modules 1, 18, 20, 23, 29, 32, 51 have at least one input port 10 for connection to a predecessor module 16 and / or at least one output port 10 ′ independent of this, for connection to a successor module 17.
• the coupler / distributor module 24 has at least one transmission link connection 10 for connection to a predecessor module 16 and at least two independent transmission link connections 10 ', 10 °, 10 °°, 10 * for connection to several Successor modules 17.
• the transceiver module 26 has at least one port, which optionally serves as a transmission link 10 or transmission link 10 ', and at least one antenna 28 or, for example, two antennas 28 with diversity as a connection to a WLAN communication channel 35.
• the terms "predecessor” and “successor” are to be read in the respective transmission direction of a current data transmission.
• the DC voltage converter 8 generates all internally required supply voltages, e.g. typically +3.3 V and +/- 5.0 V, and has a galvanic isolation device 13 between input and output to avoid earth loops at long distances.
• the very wide input voltage range e.g. 5 - 50 V, enables the supply by DC power supply devices with different output voltages, e.g. DC / DC converter, AC / DC converter, batteries, accumulators or solar cells and enables the tolerance of voltage drops due to very long cable runs.
• the two supply channels 12 can be bridged in the DC converter 8. However, they can also be separated, so that the respective module 1, 18, 20, 23, 24, 32, 51 can be supplied either by the predecessor module 16 or by a successor module 17.
• the central control device 3 e.g. B. ' an embedded system with microcontroller, random access memory (RAM: Random Access Memory), non-volatile flash memory (EEPROM: Electrical Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory) and its own operating system, such as Linux or Windows.
• RAM Random Access Memory
• EEPROM Electrical Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory
• the control device 3 is connected to at least two independent internal or external LAN ports as data interface devices 2 in most modules.
• the latter also have a galvanic isolation device 13 with, for example, 1500 V DC isolation voltage, so that the components responsible for data input and output are electrically isolated both from the LAN communication channel 11 and from the supply channel 12.
• At least one internal, i.e. implemented within the module, or external, i.e. Sensor 7 placed outside the module can be connected.
• the sensor 7 is used to detect any physical quantities, such as Forces, pressures, strains, torsions, material loads, vibrations, vibrations, paths, speeds, accelerations, angles of rotation, rotational speeds and accelerations, acoustic signals, (ultra) sound levels, temperatures, voltages, currents, resistances, frequencies, optical light and Image signals and all forms of spectral components.
• an analog signal conditioning device 6 can be implemented by interchangeable modules, can be configured via jumpers or can be digitally programmed. This concerns, for example, the parameterization of the analog signal amplification or the sensor supply, such as constant current or voltage.
• the sensor signal which is preferably prepared as a high-level voltage, is fed to an analog filter 5 before digitization to avoid anti-aliasing effects.
• the filter frequency can be programmed by the control device 3 or can also be designed as a simple pre-filter, provided that the subsequent data acquisition is carried out by means of oversampling and subsequent digital filtering.
• the data acquisition device 4 preferably consists of at least one analog input with internal or external sample and hold stages (sample / hold) and at least one internal or external analog-digital Converter and can be implemented, for example, by a digital signal processor with analog inputs.
• the parameterization of the data acquisition device 4, for. B. channel sampling rate, channel resolution and channel bandwidth, can be done manually or by digital signals from the control device 3.
• the analog filters 5 and analog signal processing devices 6 can be parameterized either by the control device 3 or the data acquisition device 4.
• the control device 3 responsible for forwarding the data must also be operated asynchronously.
• a buffer 14 for data buffering is therefore expediently part of the input and output modules 1.
• the memory 14 can e.g. as a FIFO (first-in-first-out) or dual-port RAM.
• the intermediate memory 14 is part of the data acquisition device 4, the data output device 21 or the control device 3.
• asynchronous transport of the measurement data is that it is not known when they will reach their destination, for example the computer 36 of the measurement station, especially since the transmission duration of individual data packets can also vary in time.
• the control device 3 via a clock 15 as an internal or external precision clock.
• the measurement in the input / output modules 1, 18 begins with the opening of an input gate of the memory 14 by the control device 3.
• the current time t of the clock 15 is queried.
• This time stamp together with the sampling interval of the data acquisition device 4 for the input and output module 1 or the sampling / reading clock for the digital input and output module 18, is placed in front of a data record as header information before the measured values are successively as data at the output of the memory 14 can be read out by the control device 3. Since this procedure saves the time of acquisition of the first measured value and also the value of the generally constant time difference between two successive ' measured values, the complete data set can, after reaching its destination, e.g. a central measuring station, be used with data records from other inputs / Output modules 1, 18, which have the same header information, are correlated exactly in time.
• the output of analog and digital data in the output modules 20, 23 works in a correspondingly opposite manner.
• the control device 3 is informed of the time for the output of the data via the LAN communication channel or the data lines 11, e.g. a constant delay after reading the data from other input / output modules 1,18.
• the time of the clock 15 is then continuously queried by the control device 3. Once this has been reached, the exit gate of the buffer 14 is opened and the data are output.
• each control device 3 is able to switch its clock 15 exactly to the clock 15 of the other modules, in particular the next one, after the system is switched on To synchronize previous module 16 with a control device 3.
• the computers 36 implemented in the system are also considered a module with control device 3 and precision clock 15 in this process.
• the time difference between the own clock 15 and the clock 15 of the predecessor module is determined by determining the running time of ping signals which are sent from the module to the predecessor module 16 and reflected from there. Using suitable algorithms in connection with statistical methods, a time correction value ⁇ t is determined from several experiments in the module to be synchronized. The time t of the predecessor module 16 is then queried, the time correction value for the transport delay is added and the clock is set to this time. After this process, both clocks 15 of the modules run synchronously.
• Communication between the modules is preferably based on network and internet protocols, such as HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SMTP or P0P3.
• HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol
• HTTPS HyperText Transfer Protocol
• FTP Simple Object Transfer Protocol
• SMTP Simple Object Transfer Protocol
• P0P3 HyperText Transfer Protocol
• Web, FTP and e-mail servers or clients implemented in the control device 3 enable direct communication with the sensor via the Internet.
• the remote station can be accessed, for example, by browsing the sensor's own homepage with current measurement data, programmable parameters and links to other sensors.
• the corresponding modules 1, 1 °, as shown in FIG. 1 each have a client X or server Y, as they are known per se, for example from the Internet area.
• the client X or server Y has a unique IP address (IP: Internet Protocol), e.g. 192.168.0.1, via which the module can be uniquely addressed.
• IP Internet Protocol
• Y also provides its own so-called homepage of modules 1,1 ° via the data network, which can also be linked.
• the module and in particular the internal and external sensors and other devices connected to it can be queried and controlled via the homepage.
• the sensor is thus given an artificial intelligence that enables it to communicate with the user, operator or manufacturer in established ways that were previously reserved for pure people.
• a browser known per se can preferably be used for this.
• It is also possible to enter control data automatically or manually, for example ⁇ 1010 Umin -1 , which are transmitted from the central control device PC via the transmission links 9 to the module and an internal or external device 7 ° to be controlled.
• the use of standard browsers and / or standard e-mail programs has the great advantage that no software is installed on the PC and after activation of Internet gateways behind the PC, access to the system from any terminal worldwide, e.g. in an internet cafe.
• pressure sensors can be used in a train to test the pressure conditions when passing through a tunnel.
• further sensors can be arranged in the tunnel.
• the two systems can be synchronized, for example, when entering the tunnel via one of the radio-supported transmission links.
• the data recorded in one of the two systems can be transmitted to the central control device of the other of the two systems via such a radio-supported transmission link.

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• 2003
  • 2003-05-13 DE DE10321652A patent/DE10321652A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2004
  • 2004-05-13 EP EP04732572A patent/EP1625451A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2004-05-13 WO PCT/DE2004/001004 patent/WO2004102293A1/de active Application Filing

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