EP1611263B1 - Method and device for coating a metal bar by hot dipping - Google Patents

Method and device for coating a metal bar by hot dipping Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1611263B1
EP1611263B1 EP04721491A EP04721491A EP1611263B1 EP 1611263 B1 EP1611263 B1 EP 1611263B1 EP 04721491 A EP04721491 A EP 04721491A EP 04721491 A EP04721491 A EP 04721491A EP 1611263 B1 EP1611263 B1 EP 1611263B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
metal
guide channel
container
coating metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP04721491A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1611263A1 (en
Inventor
Rolf Brisberger
Bernhard Tenckhoff
Holger Behrens
Hans-Georg Hartung
Walter Trakowski
Michael Zielenbach
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SMS Siemag AG
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SMS Demag AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/14—Removing excess of molten coatings; Controlling or regulating the coating thickness
    • C23C2/24—Removing excess of molten coatings; Controlling or regulating the coating thickness using magnetic or electric fields
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/003—Apparatus
    • C23C2/0036—Crucibles
    • C23C2/00361—Crucibles characterised by structures including means for immersing or extracting the substrate through confining wall area
    • C23C2/00362—Details related to seals, e.g. magnetic means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/006—Pattern or selective deposits
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
    • C23C2/36—Elongated material
    • C23C2/40—Plates; Strips

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the hot dip coating of a metal strand, in particular a steel strip, in which the metal strand is passed vertically through a container receiving the molten coating metal and through a preceding guide channel of defined height, wherein for the retention of the coating metal in the container in the region of the guide channel an electromagnetic field is produced by means of at least two inductors arranged on both sides of the metal strand, wherein a predetermined volume flow of coating metal is supplied to the guide channel in the region of its vertical extent. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for hot dip coating of a metal strand.
  • the belts are immersed in a dip-tube from above into the dip-coating bath introduced. Since the coating metal is in liquid form and one would like to use the gravitation together with blowers for adjusting the coating thickness, but the subsequent processes prohibit band contact until complete solidification of the coating metal, the band must be deflected in the coating vessel in the vertical direction. This happens with a roller that runs in liquid metal. Due to the liquid coating metal, this roller is subject to heavy wear and is the cause of downtimes and thus failures in production.
  • a generic method is also described in EP 0 630 421 B1, in which it is furthermore provided that the coating container accommodating the coating metal is assigned a premelting container which is larger in volume by a multiple than the coating container.
  • the coating container is supplied with coating metal from the pre-melt container when it is discharged from the coating container through the coated metal strand.
  • a hot-dip coating method is known in which melt is removed from the container via a channel extending downwards from the coating container and, after being diverted into the vertical in the region of the guide channel, is supplied thereto.
  • a coating process without the use of electromagnetic inductors is known from JP 63 192853 A. There is provided by means of two pairs of rollers for a closure of a guide channel for the vertical passage of the metal strand to be coated. In the channel melt is entered.
  • the electromagnetic closure used in the above-discussed solutions for sealing the guide channel thus constitutes a magnetic pump which retains the coating metal in the coating container.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method and associated apparatus for hot dip coating of a metal strand, with which or with which it is possible to overcome the mentioned disadvantage. It should therefore be ensured that the immersion bath remains quiet when using an electromagnetic shutter, whereby the quality of the coating should be increased.
  • the solution of this object by the invention according to the method is characterized in that the predetermined volume flow coating metal, which is supplied to the guide channel, a part of the required to maintain a desired level height of the coating metal in the container Vietnamesevolumens coating metal per time corresponds.
  • the predetermined volume flow corresponds to the total metal tracking volume required to maintain the level per time.
  • the electromagnet pump performing a seal to seal the guide channel is no longer quasi idle, but receives a volume flow coating metal supplied and promotes.
  • the surprising result is that on the surface of the metal bath, a calming of the bath occurs, which has a very positive influence on the quality of the hot-dip coating.
  • the container in which the coating metal is located with a supply system (supply tank) for coating metal communicates.
  • supply tank supply tank
  • From the supply tank of the bulk discharge is nachge redesignt into the container, which is required to maintain a constant level level in the container, since the metal strand promotes coating metal in its promotion by the coating system from the container.
  • the volume flow coating metal is supplied to the guide channel in a controlled or regulated manner.
  • the apparatus for hot dip coating a metal strand in which the metal strand is passed vertically through the container receiving the molten coating metal and through the upstream guide channel has at least two inductors arranged on both sides of the metal strand in the region of the guide channel for generating an electromagnetic field for retaining the coating metal in the container on. Furthermore, at least one supply line for supplying a predetermined volume flow coating metal is provided, which opens in the region of the vertical extent of the guide channel in this.
  • the device is provided in such a way that the supply lines open into the region of the longitudinal side and into the region of the end face of the guide channel.
  • the width or the diameter of the supply line in relation to the dimension of the longitudinal side of the guide channel is small; this means in particular that the width or the diameter of the supply line is at most 10% of the width of the longitudinal side of the guide channel.
  • the coating container to be connected to a coating metal supply system, from which coating metal is conducted into the supply line or into the supply lines.
  • the device shown in the figures has a container 3 which is filled with molten coating metal 2.
  • molten coating metal 2 This may be, for example, zinc or aluminum.
  • To be coated metal strand 1 in the form of a steel strip passes through the container 3 in the conveying direction R vertically upwards. It should be noted at this point that it is also possible in principle that the metal strand 1, the container 3 passes from top to bottom.
  • the molten coating metal 2 can not flow down through the guide channel 4, located on both sides of the metal strand 1, two electromagnetic inductors 5, which generate a magnetic field, which counteracts the gravitational force of the coating metal 2 and thus seals the guide channel 4 downwards.
  • the inductors 5 are two oppositely disposed alternating field or traveling field inductors, which are operated in the frequency range from 2 Hz to 10 kHz and establish an electromagnetic transverse field perpendicular to the conveying direction R.
  • the preferred frequency range for single-phase systems (AC field inductors) is between 2 kHz and 10 kHz, that for multi-phase systems (eg traveling field inductors) between 2 Hz and 2 kHz.
  • correction coils 13 are further arranged on both sides of the guide channel 4 and der Metallstranges 1. These are controlled by - not shown - control means so that the superposition of the magnetic fields of the inductors 5 and the correction coils 13 keeps the metal strand 1 always in the center of the guide channel 4.
  • the magnetic field of the inductors 5 can be amplified or attenuated depending on the control (superposition principle of the magnetic fields). In this way, the position of the metal strand 1 in the guide channel 4 can be influenced.
  • a supply system 12 supply tank
  • an inlet 16 is supplied.
  • a predetermined volume flow Q coating metal 2 is supplied to the guide channel 4 in the region of its height extension H.
  • two supply lines 6 and 7 in the region of the necessary for the passage of the metal strand 1 passage gap in the guide channel 4, in the region whose height extension H.
  • the width B of the supply lines namely in the region of their exit into the guide channel 4, is small in relation to the width of the longitudinal side 11 of the guide channel 4.
  • the supply lines 6, 7, 8 and 9 are thereby supplied with coating metal 2 by a pump 14 schematically sketched in FIG.
  • the volume flow Q supplied by the pump 14 can make up a part of the volume flow of coating metal which has to be supplied to the bath for maintaining the level height h.
  • the entire amount of coating metal 2 necessary for this purpose is supplied via the pump 14 per time, so that in this case no further pumping takes place via the pump 15.
  • first coating metal 2 is filled into the container 3 and after activating the inductors 5 the tape run is started.
  • a volume flow Q of coating metal is supplied via the supply lines 6, 7, 8 or 9 to the guide channel 4.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Schmelztauchbeschichtung eines Metallstranges, insbesondere eines Stahlbandes, bei dem der Metallstrang vertikal durch einen das geschmolzene Beschichtungsmetall aufnehmenden Behälter und durch einen vorgeschalteten Führungskanal definierter Höhe hindurchgeführt wird, wobei zum Zurückhalten des Beschichtungsmetalls im Behälter im Bereich des Führungskanals ein elektromagnetisches Feld mittels mindestens zwei beiderseits des Metallstranges angeordneter Induktoren erzeugt wird, wobei ein vorgegebener Volumenstrom Beschichtungsmetall dem Führungskanal im Bereich seiner Höhenerstreckung zugeführt wird. Des weiteren betrifft die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zur Schmelztauchbeschichtung eines Metallstranges.The invention relates to a process for the hot dip coating of a metal strand, in particular a steel strip, in which the metal strand is passed vertically through a container receiving the molten coating metal and through a preceding guide channel of defined height, wherein for the retention of the coating metal in the container in the region of the guide channel an electromagnetic field is produced by means of at least two inductors arranged on both sides of the metal strand, wherein a predetermined volume flow of coating metal is supplied to the guide channel in the region of its vertical extent. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for hot dip coating of a metal strand.

Klassische Metall-Tauchbeschichtungsanlagen für Metallbänder weisen einen wartungsintensiven Teil auf, nämlich das Beschichtungsgefäß mit der darin befindlichen Ausrüstung. Die Oberflächen der zu beschichtenden Metallbänder müssen vor der Beschichtung von Oxidresten gereinigt und für die Verbindung mit dem Beschichtungsmetall aktiviert werden. Aus diesem Grunde werden die Bandoberflächen vor der Beschichtung in Wärmeprozessen in einer reduzierenden Atmosphäre behandelt. Da die Oxidschichten zuvor chemisch oder abrasiv entfernt werden, werden mit dem reduzierenden Wärmeprozess die Oberflächen so aktiviert, dass sie nach dem Wärmeprozess metallisch rein vorliegen.Conventional metal immersion coating systems for metal strips have a maintenance-intensive part, namely the coating vessel with the equipment located therein. The surfaces of the metal strips to be coated must be cleaned of oxide residues prior to coating and activated for connection to the coating metal. For this reason, the belt surfaces are treated in a reducing atmosphere prior to coating in heating processes. Since the oxide layers are previously removed chemically or abrasive, the reducing heat process activates the surfaces in such a way that they are metallically pure after the heat process.

Mit der Aktivierung der Bandoberfläche steigt aber die Affinität dieser Bandoberflächen für den umgebenden Luftsauerstoff. Um zu verhindern, dass Luftsauerstoff vor dem Beschichtungsprozess wieder an die Bandoberflächen gelangen kann, werden die Bänder in einem Tauchrüssel von oben in das Tauchbeschichtungsbad eingeführt. Da das Beschichtungsmetall in flüssiger Form vorliegt und man die Gravitation zusammen mit Abblasvorrichtungen zur Einstellung der Beschichtungsdicke nutzen möchte, die nachfolgenden Prozesse jedoch eine Bandberührung bis zur vollständigen Erstarrung des Beschichtungsmetalls verbieten, muss das Band im Beschichtungsgefäß in senkrechte Richtung umgelenkt werden. Das geschieht mit einer Rolle, die im flüssigen Metall läuft. Durch das flüssige Beschichtungsmetall unterliegt diese Rolle einem starken Verschleiß und ist Ursache von Stillständen und damit Ausfällen im Produktionsbetrieb.With the activation of the strip surface but increases the affinity of these strip surfaces for the surrounding atmospheric oxygen. In order to prevent atmospheric oxygen from getting back to the belt surfaces before the coating process, the belts are immersed in a dip-tube from above into the dip-coating bath introduced. Since the coating metal is in liquid form and one would like to use the gravitation together with blowers for adjusting the coating thickness, but the subsequent processes prohibit band contact until complete solidification of the coating metal, the band must be deflected in the coating vessel in the vertical direction. This happens with a roller that runs in liquid metal. Due to the liquid coating metal, this roller is subject to heavy wear and is the cause of downtimes and thus failures in production.

Durch die gewünschten geringen Auflagedicken des Beschichtungsmetalls, die sich im Mikrometerbereich bewegen können, werden hohe Anforderungen an die Qualität der Bandoberfläche gestellt. Das bedeutet, dass auch die Oberflächen der bandführenden Rollen von hoher Qualität sein müssen. Störungen an diesen Oberflächen führen im allgemeinen zu Schäden an der Bandoberfläche. Dies ist ein weiterer Grund für häufige Stillstände der Anlage.Due to the desired low coating thickness of the coating metal, which can move in the micrometer range, high demands are placed on the quality of the strip surface. This means that the surfaces of the tape-guiding rollers also have to be of high quality. Disturbances on these surfaces generally lead to damage to the strip surface. This is another reason for frequent shutdowns of the plant.

Um die Probleme zu vermeiden, die im Zusammenhang mit den im flüssigen Beschichtungsmetall laufenden Rollen stehen, sind Lösungen bekannt, die ein nach unten offenes Beschichtungsgefäß einsetzen, das in seinem unteren Bereich einen Führungskanal definierter Höhe zur vertikalen Banddurchführung nach oben aufweist und zur Abdichtung einen elektromagnetischen Verschluss einzusetzen. Es handelt sich hierbei um elektromagnetische Induktoren, die mit zurückdrängenden, pumpenden bzw. einschnürenden elektromagnetischen Wechsel- bzw. Wanderfeldern arbeiten, die das Beschichtungsgefäß nach unten abdichten.In order to avoid the problems associated with the rollers running in the liquid coating metal, solutions are known which use a downwardly open coating vessel having in its lower region a guide channel of defined height for vertical tape feed-through upwards and for sealing an electromagnetic Insert lock. These are electromagnetic inducers that work with backward, pumping or constricting electromagnetic alternating or traveling fields that seal the coating vessel down.

Eine solche Lösung ist beispielsweise aus der EP 0 673 444 B1 bekannt. Einen elektromagnetischen Verschluss zur Abdichtung des Beschichtungsgefäßes nach unten setzt auch die Lösung gemäß der WO 96/03533 bzw. diejenige gemäß der JP 5086446 ein.Such a solution is known, for example, from EP 0 673 444 B1. An electromagnetic closure for sealing the coating vessel downwards is also employed by the solution according to WO 96/03533 or that according to JP 5086446.

Für eine genaue Regelung der Lage des Metallstranges im Führungskanal sehen die DE 195 35 854 A1 und die DE 100 14 867 A1 spezielle Lösungen vor. Gemäß den dort offenbarten Konzepten ist vorgesehen, dass neben den Spulen zur Erzeugung des elektromagnetischen Wanderfeldes zusätzliche Korrekturspulen vorgesehen sind, die mit einem Regelungssystem in Verbindung stehen und dafür Sorge tragen, dass das Metallband beim Abweichen von der Mittellage in diese wieder zurückgeholt wird.For an accurate control of the position of the metal strand in the guide channel DE 195 35 854 A1 and DE 100 14 867 A1 provide special solutions. According to the concepts disclosed therein, provision is made for additional correction coils to be provided in addition to the coils for generating the electromagnetic traveling field, which are connected to a control system and ensure that the metal strip is returned to it when departing from the central position.

Ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren wird auch in der EP 0 630 421 B1 beschrieben, in der weiterhin vorgesehen ist, dass dem das Beschichtungsmetall aufnehmenden Beschichtungsbehälter ein Vorschmelzbehälter zugeordnet ist, der volumenmäßig um ein Vielfaches größer als der Beschichtungsbehälter ist. Der Beschichtungsbehälter wird aus dem Vorschmelzbehälter mit Beschichtungsmetall versorgt, wenn dieses durch den beschichteten Metallstrang aus dem Beschichtungsbehälter ausgefördert wird.A generic method is also described in EP 0 630 421 B1, in which it is furthermore provided that the coating container accommodating the coating metal is assigned a premelting container which is larger in volume by a multiple than the coating container. The coating container is supplied with coating metal from the pre-melt container when it is discharged from the coating container through the coated metal strand.

Aus der FR 2 804 443 A ist ein Schmelztauchbeschichtungsverfahren bekannt, bei dem über einen sich aus dem Beschichtungsbehälter nach unten erstreckenden Kanal Schmelze aus dem Behälter abgeführt und nach Umleitung in die Vertikale im Bereich des Führungskanals diesem zugeführt wird.From FR 2 804 443 A, a hot-dip coating method is known in which melt is removed from the container via a channel extending downwards from the coating container and, after being diverted into the vertical in the region of the guide channel, is supplied thereto.

Ein Beschichtungsverfahren ohne Einsatz elektromagnetischer Induktoren ist aus der JP 63 192853 A bekannt. Dort wird mittels zweier Walzenpaare für einen Verschluss eines Führungskanals zum vertikalen Durchtritt des zu beschichtenden Metallstrangs gesorgt. In den Kanal wird Schmelze eingegeben.A coating process without the use of electromagnetic inductors is known from JP 63 192853 A. There is provided by means of two pairs of rollers for a closure of a guide channel for the vertical passage of the metal strand to be coated. In the channel melt is entered.

Der bei den vorstehend diskutierten Lösungen zum Einsatz kommende elektromagnetische Verschluss zur Abdichtung des Führungskanals stellt insoweit eine magnetische Pumpe dar, die das Beschichtungsmetall im Beschichtungsbehälter zurückhält.The electromagnetic closure used in the above-discussed solutions for sealing the guide channel thus constitutes a magnetic pump which retains the coating metal in the coating container.

Die industrielle Erprobung derartiger Anlagen hat ergeben, dass das Strömungsbild auf der Oberfläche des Metallbades, d. h. die Badoberfläche, relativ unruhig ist, was auf die elektromagnetischen Kräfte durch den Magnetverschluss zurückgeführt werden kann. Die Unruhe im Bad hat zur Folge, dass die Qualität der Schmelztauchbeschichtung negativ beeinflusst wird.Industrial testing of such equipment has shown that the flow pattern on the surface of the metal bath, i. H. the bath surface, is relatively restless, which can be attributed to the electromagnetic forces through the magnetic closure. The unrest in the bathroom has the consequence that the quality of the hot-dip coating is adversely affected.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine zugehörige Vorrichtung zum Schmelztauchbeschichten eines Metallstranges zu schaffen, mit dem bzw. mit der es möglich ist, den genannten Nachteil zu überwinden. Es soll also sichergestellt werden, dass das Tauchbad beim Einsatz eines elektromagnetischen Verschlusses ruhig bleibt, wodurch die Qualität der Beschichtung erhöht werden soll.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method and associated apparatus for hot dip coating of a metal strand, with which or with which it is possible to overcome the mentioned disadvantage. It should therefore be ensured that the immersion bath remains quiet when using an electromagnetic shutter, whereby the quality of the coating should be increased.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe durch die Erfindung ist verfahrensgemäß dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der vorgegebene Volumenstrom Beschichtungsmetall, der dem Führungskanal zugeführt wird, einem Teil des zur Aufrechterhaltung einer gewünschten Pegelhöhe des Beschichtungsmetalls im Behälter erforderlich Nachführvolumens Beschichtungsmetall pro Zeit entspricht. Alternativ dazu kann auch vorgesehen werden, dass der vorgegebene Volumenstrom dem gesamten zur Aufrechterhaltung des Pegels erforderlichen Metall-Nachführvolumens pro Zeit entspricht.The solution of this object by the invention according to the method is characterized in that the predetermined volume flow coating metal, which is supplied to the guide channel, a part of the required to maintain a desired level height of the coating metal in the container Nachführvolumens coating metal per time corresponds. Alternatively, it can also be provided that the predetermined volume flow corresponds to the total metal tracking volume required to maintain the level per time.

Mit dieser Maßnahme wird in Kombination mit dem eingangs genannten Verfahren erreicht, dass der eine elektromagnetische Pumpe darstellende Verschluss zur Abdichtung des Führungskanals nicht mehr quasi im Leerlauf arbeitet, sondern einen Volumenstrom Beschichtungsmetall zugeführt bekommt und fördert. Das überraschende Resultat ist, dass es auf der Oberfläche des Metallbades zu einer Beruhigung des Bades kommt, was die Qualität der Schmelztauchbeschichtung sehr positiv beeinflusst.With this measure, it is achieved in combination with the method mentioned that the electromagnet pump performing a seal to seal the guide channel is no longer quasi idle, but receives a volume flow coating metal supplied and promotes. The surprising result is that on the surface of the metal bath, a calming of the bath occurs, which has a very positive influence on the quality of the hot-dip coating.

Zumeist ist vorgesehen, dass der Behälter, in dem sich das Beschichtungsmetall befindet, mit einem Versorgungssystem (Versorgungstank) für Beschichtungsmetall in Verbindung steht. Aus dem Versorgungstank wird derjenige Massenaustrag in den Behälter nachgefördert, der zur Aufrechterhaltung einer konstanten Pegelhöhe im Behälter erforderlich ist, da der Metallstrang bei seiner Förderung durch die Beschichtungsanlage Beschichtungsmetall aus dem Behälter herausfördert.In most cases it is provided that the container in which the coating metal is located, with a supply system (supply tank) for coating metal communicates. From the supply tank of the bulk discharge is nachgefördert into the container, which is required to maintain a constant level level in the container, since the metal strand promotes coating metal in its promotion by the coating system from the container.

Mit Vorteil wird der Volumenstrom Beschichtungsmetall dem Führungskanal in gesteuerter oder geregelter Weise zugeführt.Advantageously, the volume flow coating metal is supplied to the guide channel in a controlled or regulated manner.

Die Vorrichtung zur Schmelztauchbeschichtung eines Metallstranges, in der der Metallstrang vertikal durch den das geschmolzene Beschichtungsmetall aufnehmenden Behälter und durch den vorgeschalteten Führungskanal hindurchgeführt wird, weist mindestens zwei beiderseits des Metallstranges im Bereich des Führungskanals angeordneten Induktoren zur Erzeugung eines elektromagnetischen Feldes zum Zurückhalten des Beschichtungsmetalls im Behälter auf. Weiterhin ist mindestens eine Zuführleitung zum Zuführen eines vorgegebener Volumenstroms Beschichtungsmetall vorgesehen, die im Bereich der Höhenerstreckung des Führungskanals in diesen einmündet.The apparatus for hot dip coating a metal strand in which the metal strand is passed vertically through the container receiving the molten coating metal and through the upstream guide channel has at least two inductors arranged on both sides of the metal strand in the region of the guide channel for generating an electromagnetic field for retaining the coating metal in the container on. Furthermore, at least one supply line for supplying a predetermined volume flow coating metal is provided, which opens in the region of the vertical extent of the guide channel in this.

Erfindungsgemäß ist die Vorrichtung dabei vorgesehen, dass die Zuführleitungen in den Bereich der Längsseite und in den Bereich der Stirnseite des Führungskanals münden.According to the invention, the device is provided in such a way that the supply lines open into the region of the longitudinal side and into the region of the end face of the guide channel.

Bevorzugt ist die Breite bzw. der Durchmesser der Zuführleitung im Verhältnis zu der Abmessung der Längsseite des Führungskanals klein; darunter ist insbesondere zu verstehen, dass die Breite bzw. der Durchmesser der Zuführleitung höchstens 10 % der Breite der Längsseite des Führungskanals beträgt.Preferably, the width or the diameter of the supply line in relation to the dimension of the longitudinal side of the guide channel is small; this means in particular that the width or the diameter of the supply line is at most 10% of the width of the longitudinal side of the guide channel.

Eine bevorzugte Weiterbildung sieht schließlich vor, dass der Beschichtungsbehälter mit einem Versorgungssystem für Beschichtungsmetall in Verbindung steht, von dem aus Beschichtungsmetall in die Zuführleitung bzw. in die Zuführleitungen geleitet wird.Finally, a preferred development provides for the coating container to be connected to a coating metal supply system, from which coating metal is conducted into the supply line or into the supply lines.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt.
Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
schematisch eine Schmelztauch-Beschichtungsvorrichtung mit einem durch diese hindurch geführten Metallstrang und
Fig. 2
den Schnitt A-A gemäß Fig. 1.
In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is shown.
Show it:
Fig. 1
schematically a hot-dip coating device with a guided through this metal strand and
Fig. 2
the section AA of FIG. 1.

Die in den Figuren dargestellte Vorrichtung weist einen Behälter 3 auf, der mit schmelzflüssigem Beschichtungsmetall 2 gefüllt ist. Bei diesem kann es sich beispielsweise um Zink oder Aluminium handeln. Der zu beschichtende Metallstrang 1 in Form eines Stahlbandes passiert den Behälter 3 in Förderrichtung R vertikal nach oben. Es sei an dieser Stelle angemerkt, dass es grundsätzlich auch möglich ist, dass der Metallstrang 1 den Behälter 3 von oben nach unten passiert.The device shown in the figures has a container 3 which is filled with molten coating metal 2. This may be, for example, zinc or aluminum. To be coated metal strand 1 in the form of a steel strip passes through the container 3 in the conveying direction R vertically upwards. It should be noted at this point that it is also possible in principle that the metal strand 1, the container 3 passes from top to bottom.

Zum Durchtritt des Metallstranges 1 durch den Behälter 3 ist dieser im Bodenbereich geöffnet; hier befindet sich ein übertrieben groß bzw. breit dargestellter Führungskanal 4. Dieser weist dabei eine vorgegebene Höhe H auf.For the passage of the metal strand 1 through the container 3, this is open in the bottom area; Here is an exaggeratedly large or broad guide channel 4. This has a predetermined height H.

Damit das schmelzflüssige Beschichtungsmetall 2 nicht durch den Führungskanal 4 nach unten abfließen kann, befinden sich beiderseits des Metallstranges 1 zwei elektromagnetische Induktoren 5, die ein magnetisches Feld erzeugen, das der Schwerkraft des Beschichtungsmetalls 2 entgegenwirkt und damit den Führungskanal 4 nach unten hin abdichtet.So that the molten coating metal 2 can not flow down through the guide channel 4, located on both sides of the metal strand 1, two electromagnetic inductors 5, which generate a magnetic field, which counteracts the gravitational force of the coating metal 2 and thus seals the guide channel 4 downwards.

Bei den Induktoren 5 handelt es sich um zwei gegenüber angeordnete Wechselfeld- oder Wanderfeldinduktoren, die im Frequenzbereich von 2 Hz bis 10 kHz betrieben werden und ein elektromagnetisches Querfeld senkrecht zur Förderrichtung R aufbauen. Der bevorzugte Frequenzbereich für einphasige Systeme (Wechselfeldinduktoren) liegt zwischen 2 kHz und 10 kHz, der für mehrphasige Systeme (z. B. Wanderfeldinduktoren) zwischen 2 Hz und 2 kHz.The inductors 5 are two oppositely disposed alternating field or traveling field inductors, which are operated in the frequency range from 2 Hz to 10 kHz and establish an electromagnetic transverse field perpendicular to the conveying direction R. The preferred frequency range for single-phase systems (AC field inductors) is between 2 kHz and 10 kHz, that for multi-phase systems (eg traveling field inductors) between 2 Hz and 2 kHz.

Zur Stabilisierung des Metallstranges 1 in der Mittenebene des Führungskanals 4 sind ferner Korrekturspulen 13 beiderseits des Führungskanals 4 bzw. des Metallstranges 1 angeordnet. Diese werden von - nicht dargestellten - Regelungsmitteln so angesteuert, dass die Überlagerung der magnetischen Felder der Induktoren 5 und der Korrekturspulen 13 den Metallstrang 1 stets mittig im Führungskanal 4 hält.To stabilize the metal strand 1 in the center plane of the guide channel 4 correction coils 13 are further arranged on both sides of the guide channel 4 and der Metallstranges 1. These are controlled by - not shown - control means so that the superposition of the magnetic fields of the inductors 5 and the correction coils 13 keeps the metal strand 1 always in the center of the guide channel 4.

Mittels der Korrekturspulen 13 kann das magnetische Feld der Induktoren 5 je nach Ansteuerung verstärkt oder abgeschwächt werden (Superpositionsprinzip der Magnetfelder). Auf diese Weise kann auf die Lage des Metallstranges 1 im Führungskanal 4 Einfluss genommen werden.By means of the correction coils 13, the magnetic field of the inductors 5 can be amplified or attenuated depending on the control (superposition principle of the magnetic fields). In this way, the position of the metal strand 1 in the guide channel 4 can be influenced.

Beim Hindurchbewegen des Metallstranges 1 durch die Beschichtungsvorrichtung erfolgt aufgrund des am Metallstrang 1 anhaftenden Beschichtungsmetalls 2 ein Austrag Beschichtungsmetall aus dem Behälter 3. Um eine gewünschte Pegelhöhe h für das Beschichtungsmetall 2 im Behälter 3 aufrechtzuerhalten, ist es daher erforderlich, Beschichtungsmetall 2 in den Behälter 3 nachzufördern.When passing the metal strand 1 through the coating device takes place due to the adhering to the metal strand 1 coating metal 2 a discharge coating metal from the container 3. In order to maintain a desired level height h for the coating metal 2 in the container 3, it is therefore necessary, coating metal 2 in the container. 3 nachzufördern.

Dies erfolgt im Ausführungsbeispiel durch ein Versorgungssystem 12 (Versorgungstank), von dem über eine Pumpe 15 ein Zulauf 16 versorgt wird.This is done in the embodiment by a supply system 12 (supply tank), from which via a pump 15, an inlet 16 is supplied.

Um eine Beruhigung der Badoberfläche im Behälter 3 zu erreichen, ist vorgesehen, dass ein vorgegebener Volumenstrom Q Beschichtungsmetall 2 dem Führungskanal 4 im Bereich seiner Höhenerstreckung H zugeführt wird. Wie Fig. 1 entnommen werden kann, führen zu diesem Zwecke zwei Zuführleitungen 6 und 7 in den Bereich des für den Durchtritt des Metallstranges 1 notwendigen Durchtrittsspalt im Führungskanal 4, und zwar in Bereich dessen Höhenerstreckung H.In order to achieve a calming of the bath surface in the container 3, it is provided that a predetermined volume flow Q coating metal 2 is supplied to the guide channel 4 in the region of its height extension H. As can be seen in Fig. 1, lead for this purpose, two supply lines 6 and 7 in the region of the necessary for the passage of the metal strand 1 passage gap in the guide channel 4, in the region whose height extension H.

Wie es Fig. 2 entnommen werden kann, ist dabei vorgesehen, dass insgesamt vier Zuführleitungen 6, 7, 8 und 9 zum Durchtrittsspalt im Führungskanal 4 führen. Zwei davon - nämlich die Zuführleitungen 6 und 7 - münden dabei in die Längsseite 11 des Führungskanals 4; zwei weitere - nämlich die Zuführleitungen 8 und 9 - münden in die Stirnseite 10 des Führungskanals 4.As can be seen in FIG. 2, it is provided that a total of four supply lines 6, 7, 8 and 9 lead to the passage gap in the guide channel 4. Two of them - namely the supply lines 6 and 7 - open into the longitudinal side 11 of the guide channel 4; two more - namely the supply lines 8 and 9 - open into the end face 10 of the guide channel. 4

Wie ferner gesehen werden kann, ist die Breite B der Zuführleitungen, namentlich im Bereich ihres Austritts in den Führungskanal 4, klein im Verhältnis zur Breite der Längsseite 11 des Führungskanals 4.As can also be seen, the width B of the supply lines, namely in the region of their exit into the guide channel 4, is small in relation to the width of the longitudinal side 11 of the guide channel 4.

Die Zuführleitungen 6, 7, 8 und 9 werden dabei von einer in Fig. 1 schematisch skizzierten Pumpe 14 mit Beschichtungsmetall 2 versorgt. Wie bereits erwähnt, kann der durch die Pumpe 14 zugeführte Volumenstrom Q einen Teil des Volumenstroms Beschichtungsmetall ausmachen, das dem Bad zur Aufrechterhaltung der Pegelhöhe h zugeführt werden muss. Es kann aber auch vorgesehen werden, dass über die Pumpe 14 die gesamte hierfür nötige Menge Beschichtungsmetall 2 pro Zeit zugeleitet wird, so dass in diesem Falle über die Pumpe 15 keine Förderung mehr erfolgt.The supply lines 6, 7, 8 and 9 are thereby supplied with coating metal 2 by a pump 14 schematically sketched in FIG. As already mentioned, the volume flow Q supplied by the pump 14 can make up a part of the volume flow of coating metal which has to be supplied to the bath for maintaining the level height h. However, it can also be provided that the entire amount of coating metal 2 necessary for this purpose is supplied via the pump 14 per time, so that in this case no further pumping takes place via the pump 15.

Beim Anfahren der Beschichtungsanlage wird zunächst Beschichtungsmetall 2 in den Behälter 3 gefüllt und nach Aktivieren der Induktoren 5 der Bandlauf gestartet. Im stationären Betrieb der Anlage wird dann wie erläutert ein Volumenstrom Q Beschichtungsmetall über die Zuführleitungen 6, 7, 8 bzw. 9 dem Führungskanal 4 zugeführt.When starting the coating system, first coating metal 2 is filled into the container 3 and after activating the inductors 5 the tape run is started. In stationary operation of the system, as explained, a volume flow Q of coating metal is supplied via the supply lines 6, 7, 8 or 9 to the guide channel 4.

Eine weitere sehr vorteilhafte Wirkungsweise der erläuterten Vorrichtung und des Verfahrens zum Betreiben der Anlage betrifft die Arbeitsweise beim Abschalten bzw. Herunterfahren der Anlage:Another very advantageous mode of operation of the illustrated device and the method for operating the system relates to the operation when switching off or shutdown of the system:

Im bisher üblichen Betrieb bleibt immer ein Rest an Beschichtungsmetall 2 im Führungskanal 4, was auch durch den Metallstrang 1 nicht mehr aus dem Führungskanal 4 herausgefördert werden kann. Der Rest des flüssigen Metalls muss mit hohem Aufwand nach dem Abstellen der Induktoren 5 mit einem Auffangsystem unten aufgefangen werden.In the usual operation, there is always a residue of coating metal 2 in the guide channel 4, which can no longer be conveyed out of the guide channel 4 by the metal strand 1. The remainder of the liquid metal must be collected with great effort after stopping the inductors 5 with a collection system below.

Mit der vorgeschlagenen Lösung eröffnet sich folgende Möglichkeit:The proposed solution opens the following possibility:

Man fährt gezielt die Induktoren 5 auf volle Abdichtleistung und führt über die Zuführleitungen 6, 7, 8, 9 kein weiteres Beschichtungsmetall mehr nach (Abschalten der Pumpe 14). Die Zuführleitungen 6, 7, 8, 9 laufen daraufhin leer und stehen damit dem Abführen des Restes Beschichtungsmetall im Führungskanal 4 zur Verfügung.It selectively drives the inductors 5 to full sealing performance and performs on the supply lines 6, 7, 8, 9 no more coating metal after (switching off the pump 14). The supply lines 6, 7, 8, 9 then run empty and are thus the removal of the remainder coating metal in the guide channel 4 available.

Befinden sich zusätzlich noch in Höhe der Zuführleitungen 6, 7, 8, 9 Korrekturspulen 13 im Führungskanal 4 (wie oben erläutert), so werden auch diese auf volle Leistung zum Abfahren hochgefahren. Die zusätzlichen Korrekturspulen 13 bilden dann in der Mitte des Führungskanals 4 eine zusätzliche Feldverstärkung, durch deren "Potentialberg" der Rest des Beschichtungsmetalls 2 veranlasst wird, seitlich in die Zuführleitungen 6, 7, 8, 9 auszuweichen. Hierdurch wird das Ausfördern der Restmenge Beschichtungsmetall 2 im Führungskanal 4 unterstützt.If there are additionally correction coils 13 in the guide channel 4 in the amount of the supply lines 6, 7, 8, 9 (as explained above), then these too are brought up to full power for shutdown. The additional correction coils 13 then form an additional field reinforcement in the middle of the guide channel 4, through whose "potential peak" the remainder of the coating metal 2 is caused to escape laterally into the supply lines 6, 7, 8, 9. As a result, the discharge of the residual amount of coating metal 2 in the guide channel 4 is supported.

Bezugzeichenliste:LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Metallstrang (Stahlband)Metal strand (steel strip)
22
Beschichtungsmetallcoating metal
33
Behältercontainer
44
Führungskanalguide channel
55
Induktorinductor
66
Zuführleitung.Feed.
77
Zuführleitungfeed
88th
Zuführleitungfeed
99
Zuführleitungfeed
1010
Stirnseite des FührungskanalsFront side of the guide channel
1111
Längsseite des FührungskanalsLongitudinal side of the guide channel
1212
Versorgungssystemsupply system
1313
Korrekturspulecorrection coil
1414
Pumpepump
1515
Pumpepump
1616
ZulaufIntake
HH
Höhe des FührungskanalsHeight of the guide channel
QQ
Volumenstromflow
hH
Pegelhöhelevel height
BB
Breite der ZuführleitungWidth of the feed line
RR
Förderrichtungconveying direction

Claims (6)

  1. Method for hot-dip coating of a metal strip (1), particularly a steel strip, in which the metal strip (1) is led vertically through a container (3), which receives the molten coating metal (2) and through an upstream guide (4) of defined height (H), wherein for retaining of the coating metal (2) in the container (3) an electromagnetic field is generated in the region of the guide channel (4) by means of at least two inductors (5) arranged on either side of the metal strip (1), wherein a predetermined volume flow (Q) of coating metal (2) is fed to the guide channel (4) in the region of its height extent (H), characterised in that the predetermined volume flow (Q) of coating metal (2), which is fed to guide channel (4), corresponds with a part or the entirety of the top-up volume, which is required for maintenance of a desired level height (h) of the coating metal (2) in the container (3), of the coating metal (2) per unit of time.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the volume flow (Q) of coating metal (2) fed to the guide channel (4) is fed in controlled or regulated manner.
  3. Device for hot-dip coating of a metal strip (1) particularly steel strip, in which the metal strip (1) is led vertically through a container (3), which receives the molten coating metal (2), and through an upstream guide channel (4), with at least two inductors (5), which are arranged on either side of the metal strip (1) in the region of the guide channel (4), for generating an electromagnetic field for retaining the coating metal (2) in the container (3), wherein at least one feed duct (6, 7, 8, 9) for feeding a predetermined volume flow (Q) of coating metal (2) into the region of the height extent (H) of the guide channel (4) opens into this, for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the feed duct (6, 7, 8, 9) opens in the region of the longitudinal side (11) and in the region of the end face (10) of the guide channel (4).
  4. Device according to claim 3, characterised in the width (B) or the diameter of the feed duct (6, 7, 8, 9) is small by comparison with the size of the longitudinal side (11) of the guide channel (4).
  5. Device according to claim 4, characterised in the width (B) or the diameter of the feed duct (6, 7, 8, 9) is at most 10% of the width of the longitudinal side (11) of the guide channel (4).
  6. Device according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterised in that the coating container (3) is connected with a supply system (12) for coating metal (2), from which coating metal (2) is conducted in the feed duct or feed ducts (6, 7, 8, 9).
EP04721491A 2003-04-09 2004-03-18 Method and device for coating a metal bar by hot dipping Expired - Lifetime EP1611263B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10316137A DE10316137A1 (en) 2003-04-09 2003-04-09 Method and device for hot-dip coating a metal strand
PCT/EP2004/002786 WO2004090189A1 (en) 2003-04-09 2004-03-18 Method and device for coating a metal bar by hot dipping

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JP (1) JP4495148B2 (en)
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AR (1) AR043843A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE342383T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2004227038B2 (en)
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CA (1) CA2521299A1 (en)
DE (2) DE10316137A1 (en)
EG (1) EG23811A (en)
ES (1) ES2275214T3 (en)
MX (1) MXPA05010876A (en)
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RS (1) RS50749B (en)
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WO2013062436A1 (en) * 2011-10-25 2013-05-02 Kulakovsky Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Device for applying a coating to an elongate article
WO2013141739A1 (en) * 2012-03-23 2013-09-26 Kulakovsky Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Device for applying a coating to an extended article

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DE102005030766A1 (en) * 2005-07-01 2007-01-04 Sms Demag Ag Device for the hot dip coating of a metal strand
FR2905955B1 (en) * 2006-09-18 2009-02-13 Vai Clecim Soc Par Actions Sim DEVICE FOR GUIDING A BAND IN A LIQUID BATH
ITMI20071167A1 (en) * 2007-06-08 2008-12-09 Danieli Off Mecc METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE CONTROL OF THE COATING THICKNESS OF A METAL METAL PRODUCT
WO2012056473A1 (en) * 2010-10-27 2012-05-03 Envision Scientific Private Limited Method and system for coating substrates
RU2686399C1 (en) * 2018-03-02 2019-04-25 Владимир Михайлович Борисов Device and method for coating long products
CN109161833B (en) * 2018-09-30 2020-11-27 江苏华电铁塔制造有限公司 Galvanized workpiece hanging and supporting device

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DE4208578A1 (en) * 1992-03-13 1993-09-16 Mannesmann Ag METHOD FOR COATING THE SURFACE OF STRAND-SHAPED GOODS
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FR2804443A1 (en) * 2000-01-28 2001-08-03 Usinor Device for the coating of metal strip defiling upwards by dipping in a liquid coating metal whilst preventing any contact between the strip and the walls of the inlet slot
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WO2013062436A1 (en) * 2011-10-25 2013-05-02 Kulakovsky Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Device for applying a coating to an elongate article
RU2488644C2 (en) * 2011-10-25 2013-07-27 Александр Александрович Кулаковский Device for application of coating onto extended product
WO2013141739A1 (en) * 2012-03-23 2013-09-26 Kulakovsky Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Device for applying a coating to an extended article
RU2521759C2 (en) * 2012-03-23 2014-07-10 Александр Александрович Кулаковский Applicator of coating on long article

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DE10316137A1 (en) 2004-10-28
RS50749B (en) 2010-08-31
EP1611263A1 (en) 2006-01-04
AU2004227038A1 (en) 2004-10-21
ES2275214T3 (en) 2007-06-01
CN100519817C (en) 2009-07-29
AR043843A1 (en) 2005-08-17
DE502004001733D1 (en) 2006-11-23
US20070172598A1 (en) 2007-07-26
TW200424354A (en) 2004-11-16
ZA200506763B (en) 2006-06-28
RS20050762A (en) 2007-09-21
KR101156952B1 (en) 2012-06-20
WO2004090189A1 (en) 2004-10-21
ATE342383T1 (en) 2006-11-15
CN1771347A (en) 2006-05-10
JP4495148B2 (en) 2010-06-30
KR20050121713A (en) 2005-12-27
JP2006522867A (en) 2006-10-05
EG23811A (en) 2007-09-12
UA80608C2 (en) 2007-10-10
MY136041A (en) 2008-08-29
AU2004227038B2 (en) 2008-05-08
RU2339732C2 (en) 2008-11-27
MXPA05010876A (en) 2005-11-25

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