EP1609507B1 - Dispositif d'extinction de feu par injection d'un gaz généré par la combustion d'un bloc pyrotechnique - Google Patents

Dispositif d'extinction de feu par injection d'un gaz généré par la combustion d'un bloc pyrotechnique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1609507B1
EP1609507B1 EP05104116A EP05104116A EP1609507B1 EP 1609507 B1 EP1609507 B1 EP 1609507B1 EP 05104116 A EP05104116 A EP 05104116A EP 05104116 A EP05104116 A EP 05104116A EP 1609507 B1 EP1609507 B1 EP 1609507B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
combustion
control
fire
block
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP05104116A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1609507A1 (fr
Inventor
Christian Fabre
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Airbus Operations SAS
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Airbus Operations SAS
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Publication of EP1609507A1 publication Critical patent/EP1609507A1/fr
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Ceased legal-status Critical Current
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C5/00—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use
    • A62C5/006—Extinguishants produced by combustion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide

Definitions

  • the invention relates to fire-fighting apparatus, ie fire extinguishers.
  • the invention finds its application in stationary fire extinguishing devices that can be triggered remotely.
  • the invention relates more particularly to the generation of an inert gas by combustion of a pyrotechnic composition and the diffusion of this gas in the fire zone with a controlled flow rate; the invention relates to an extinguisher comprising a combustion chamber, a control system and diffusion means in the fire zone, in particular used in the field of aeronautics.
  • extinguishing devices include a tank containing an extinguishing agent that is diffused over the fire zone to extinguish it, but also prevent its extension.
  • Agent tank extinguishers are classified into two broad categories.
  • the first category concerns permanent pressure devices in which a gas ensures the constant pressurization of the agent within a single bottle that serves as a reservoir.
  • the extinguishing agent is released by a valve at the outlet of said bottle.
  • a propellant is released only when the extinguisher is put into service and propels the extinguishing agent, which is therefore not stored under pressure.
  • extinguishers currently used to extinguish an aircraft engine fire can be considered. These devices use halon as an extinguishing agent, stored in liquid form because of the level of pressurization of the bottle used as a reservoir. Depending on the safety requirements, two or more fire extinguishers may be installed.
  • One or more distribution lines connected to each bottle allow the distribution of the agent to the area or areas to be protected.
  • a calibrated seal is used to seal the distribution line to keep the halon in the bottle.
  • a pressure sensor is also installed to continuously check the pressurization of the bottle.
  • a pyrotechnic detonator When a fire is detected, a pyrotechnic detonator is triggered: the shock wave generated by this detonator pierces the shutter seal, which causes the emptying of the bottle and the evacuation of the extinguishing agent under the effect pressure to the areas to be protected via the distribution pipes.
  • second category extinguishers For second category extinguishers, they use a separate pressurizing device. These fire-fighting devices are generally equipped with a first compressed gas tank and a second tank for the extinguishing agent. When the device is used, the gas contained in the first tank is communicated through an orifice with the second tank, which allows the pressurization of the bottle containing the extinguishing agent. Sometimes the first compressed gas tank is replaced by a gas generator as described in the document WO 98/02211 . In all cases, when the extinguishing agent is pressurized, it is ejected fire extinguishers of the second category for fire fighting, as for appliances of the first category.
  • the invention aims to overcome the drawbacks mentioned fire extinguishers, including fires in aircraft engines, among other benefits.
  • the invention relates in one aspect to a fire extinguishing device whose extinguishing agent is an inert gas produced only when necessary, that is to say at the time of use of the fire extinguisher, by burning a pyrotechnic material appropriately selected. It is thus possible to generate a large quantity of inert gas whose composition depends on the nature of the pyrotechnic material; in particular, the gas may comprise more than 20% nitrogen or more than 20%, or even 40%, of a mixture of neutral gases such as nitrogen, carbon monoxide and / or dioxide.
  • the inert gas generated will consist essentially of nitrogen given its relative ease of production by pyrotechnic combustion.
  • the generated nitrogen is injected into the areas where the fire has been detected.
  • the inert gas is expelled from the extinguishing device according to a regulated pressure, in order to be able in particular to bring the quantity of oxygen in the fire zones to follow a predetermined profile as a function of time, for example a concentration stage. quasi-constant for a non-zero time period.
  • the device according to the invention therefore comprises a pyrotechnic gas generator associated with means for distributing the gas generated as extinguishing agent and means for regulating the pressure therein.
  • the gas generator comprises an enclosure comprising a propellant block and a pyrotechnic igniter.
  • the ignition of the pyrotechnic igniter by electric current allows for example the start of the combustion of the propellant whose decomposition allows the generation of an inert gas.
  • the extinguishing device comprises filters located in the enclosure of combustion or in the distribution means, so that the soot and ash also produced by the combustion of the pyrotechnic composition do not reach the fire zone.
  • the device comprises means for cooling the generated gas.
  • the extinguishing device may comprise a variable number of gas generators, which are connected to the same distribution means. It is also possible to have several pyrotechnic materials of different compositions in the same enclosure.
  • the regulation means are parameterized beforehand by determining the pressure at which the inert gas is expelled from the chamber, directly related to the flow rate of the gas ejected on the fire zone and the concentration, oxygen or other component, sought in the areas to be treated.
  • the pressure at which the inert gas is expelled from the chamber directly related to the flow rate of the gas ejected on the fire zone and the concentration, oxygen or other component, sought in the areas to be treated.
  • the required pressure can be refined during experiments.
  • the pressure regulation means consist of at least one control valve located in the dispensing means, whose opening is controlled during the trigger sequence of the extinguisher, or by an order outside, or by pressurizing the combustion chamber.
  • the control valve is advantageously controlled according to a given law and defined by the user, possibly using the information from sensors, which for example measure the oxygen concentration in the areas to be treated; this allows a closed loop regulation, even finer, of the gas pressure.
  • the opening of the valve can be controlled remotely, by manual control, or by a control mechanism coupled to the firing means of the pyrotechnic composition.
  • the geometry of the pyrotechnic material block also makes it possible to generate combustion gases according to a predetermined law.
  • the regulating means can thus, alternatively or alternatively, consist of a determination of the various parameters of the gas generator, and in particular of the geometry of the propellant block, which ensures a controlled generation of inert gas injected into the zones to be protected.
  • the regulation can also, alternatively or in addition, be provided by other regulating devices such as a regulator associated or not with a device that creates a pressure difference (diaphragm, nozzle).
  • the extinguisher can be triggered by a remote operator. It can also be put into operation directly by an ignition device receiving the information of a sensor which detects the conditions related to the probability of a fire. To avoid undesired triggering, especially during maintenance operations, the device may be equipped with neutralization means.
  • the extinguishing device according to the invention is preferably used in aircraft, more particularly in turbojet engines where it makes it possible to dispense with the halogenated extinguishing agents currently used.
  • the extinguishing device or fire extinguisher comprises an inert gas generator 2 associated with gas distribution means 4.
  • the gas distribution means 4 may consist of a pipe long enough to reach the fire zone 6, or coupled to any known dispensing device 8, such as for example a multi-outlet pipe.
  • the gas generator 2 is constituted by a combustion chamber 10, for example cylindrical, in which is placed a pyrotechnic cartridge 12, usually consisting of propellant.
  • a combustion chamber 10 for example cylindrical
  • a pyrotechnic cartridge 12 usually consisting of propellant.
  • the combustion of the propellant, initiated by the ignition device 14, generates an inert gas which flows into the distribution means 4 via an outlet orifice 16.
  • the inert gas largely composed of nitrogen and / or carbon monoxide, produced by the combustion decomposition of pyrotechnic compositions, is at a high temperature, and a Rapid cooling may be necessary before introduction into fire zones.
  • Cooling means can thus be provided, for example an "active" filter, that is to say a chemical compound introduced into or outside the combustion chamber 10 and absorbing part of the heat of combustion, or a metal filter.
  • These different filters 18 may be located upstream and / or downstream of the gas outlet orifice 16, in the enclosure 10 or in the distribution means 4.
  • the outlet orifice 16 of the combustion chamber 10 can be closed by a closure device 20, in order to isolate the propellant from the external environment as long as its action is not required.
  • the closing device 20 may be a tared cover, that is to say a membrane which breaks or opens after ignition as soon as the pressure inside the combustion chamber 10 reaches a certain level. threshold.
  • the pressure inside the chamber 10 is advantageously atmospheric pressure when the extinguishing device 1 is not used.
  • the ignition device 14 is triggered, the propellant block 12 begins to burn and to generate a pressure in the chamber 10.
  • the ignition device 14 may consist of any known device. It can be triggered manually, by direct action on the device 14.
  • the ignition device 14 is triggered remotely via a control line 22, which can be coupled to a control unit 24.
  • a signal 26 from a fire detector can be used as an automatic release via the control unit 24.
  • the gas generated by the combustion of the pyrotechnic unit 12 and ejected by the dispensing device 8 makes it possible to reduce the relative concentration of 'oxygen. It is desirable that the gas generated is inert, but also that it is not polluting or corrosive, especially in the context of a fire zone 6 located in an aircraft engine. In this regard, the gas generated therefore comprises a nitrogen portion, at least 20% or even 40%, obtained by the combustion of a pyrotechnic composition strongly "nitrogenous"; it is also possible to associate the nitrogen, for example with carbon dioxide to increase the concentration of injected neutral gas and reach the desired thresholds.
  • a fire extinguisher 1 is provided with a system for regulating the flow of gas at the outlet of line 8 in the fire zone 6, that is to say means for regulating the pressure prevailing in the distribution means 4.
  • a pressure control it is possible to minimize the quantity of pyrotechnic material 12 and / or the size of the enclosure 10 while ensuring that the fires are off.
  • the pressure regulating means make it possible to obtain a predetermined profile of the oxygen concentration in the fire zone, such as a plateau during a non-zero period of time, or a slotted profile; it is clear that each of the concentrations can have a margin of error with respect to the theoretical fixed value of the plateau.
  • a bearing may be a "flattened Gaussian", or a curve between two values separated by less than 10% of the value of the bearing.
  • the closing device 20 of the gas generator 2 can thus be a control valve, advantageously controlled remotely by first control means 32.
  • control valves are known for example from WO 93/25950 or US-A-4,877,051 , and commercially available.
  • the first control means 32 may be a control line coming from a control unit 24, advantageously confused with that used to trigger the ignition device 14.
  • the information input into the control unit 24 makes it possible to modify manually or automatically, according to a predetermined sequence or as a function of measured parameters, the degree of opening and / or closing of the valve 20.
  • the unit 24 can modify the signal sent by the first control means 32 to regulate the opening of the valve 20.
  • Extinguishing devices 1 can be connected in parallel and for example be connected to the same distribution device 8.
  • Another embodiment, presented on the figure 2 relates to the presence of several generators 2a-2e of inert gas within the same extinguishing device 1.
  • the pyrotechnic material blocks 12a-12e of each of these generators can be of nature (composition, geometry, as it will be explained later) similar or different.
  • the ignition devices 14a-14e of each of the generators 2a-2e can be triggered independently or simultaneously.
  • control means can trigger selectively combustion and thus optimize the number of generators 2a-2e used according to the detection and fire parameters, or choose the most appropriate generator if the nature of the propellant blocks 12 is different.
  • each gas generator 2a, 2b it is possible for each gas generator 2a, 2b to be placed in communication with the distribution means 4 by its own duct 4a, 4b provided with its regulation valve 20a, 20b. It is also possible to provide a single valve 20f located on a conduit 4f leading to generators 2c, 2d, 2e coupled together via conduits 4c, 4d, 4e. As for the embodiment presented in figure 1 , the regulation can be carried out in open or closed loop.
  • Another possibility for realizing the regulation of the pressure according to the invention is to calibrate the block of pyrotechnic material in order to generate a pressure in the enclosure 10 conforming to a defined profile.
  • This pressure P stop pressure
  • This pressure P is transmitted directly, and in a parameterized and controlled manner, to the distribution means 4 and thus to the fire zone 6.
  • the outlet orifice 16 is provided with a nozzle 36, shaped if possible so that the speed of sound is reached at the minimum section of the nozzle 36. This allows to isolate the gas generator 2 distribution means 4; the pressure fluctuations in the distribution pipe 4 do not therefore disturb the combustion of the pyrotechnic material 12, which allows better control of the parameters.
  • the surface S c depends on the shape of the block; in particular, it can be scalable during combustion.
  • the device according to the invention is particularly suitable for application in aircraft.
  • the figure 4 schematically shows the mounting on board a turbine engine 40 of an aircraft of a device 1 for extinguishing engine fire according to the invention, which can be triggered on detection of fire and / or smoke.
  • Example Application of the invention to extinguishing engine fire for aircraft.
  • inert gas preferably nitrogen, and more than 20%, or even 30% or 40%
  • inert gas preferably nitrogen, and more than 20%, or even 30% or 40%
  • the main characteristics to consider when choosing a pyrotechnic composition are the efficiency in terms of gas production, the density of the material, the combustion temperature and the secondary species generated by the combustion.
  • the toxic or / and corrosive appearance of the fumes must also be taken into account, which leads to the automatic elimination of certain compositions.
  • a composition recommended in the context of aircraft relates to a mixture of sodium azide and copper oxide (NaN 3 / CuO) which gives by combustion 40.1% nitrogen.
  • guanidine nitrate associated with strontium nitrate NG / Sr (NO 3 ) 2
  • strontium nitrate NG / Sr (NO 3 ) 2
  • BCN / NG basic copper nitrate and guanidine nitrate
  • a motor 40 will be considered according to the figure 4 with both fire zones A and B having the following characteristics: Volume V (m 3 ) Ventilation Q R (m 3 / s) (air change rate) Zone A 1,416 0.212 Zone B 0.476 0.285
  • the inert agent generator is constituted as previously described by a combustion chamber 10, provided with a block 12 of pyrotechnic product as specified above, an ignition device 14 and a filter 18, equipped to an end of a nozzle 36 shaped so that the speed of sound is reached at the minimum section of the nozzle.
  • the flow rate of nitrogen (or of inert gas) is lower than during the extinction phase E.
  • This two-phase regime can be obtained in various ways, such as the use of two different pyrotechnic compositions.
  • the evolution of the combustion profile of the propellant block makes it possible to obtain such a regime.
  • the flow difference between the two phases E and M is in a ratio of 20; or the outlet orifice 16 (calibrated nozzle 36) of the combustion chamber 10 is identical in both cases.
  • the operating pressure P of the gas generator 10 will thus also evolve in a ratio of 20.
  • the combustion surfaces can be obtained in several ways, with blocks burning on one side "in cigarette", on several sides, etc. .
  • the shape to give the block depends on the conditions of manufacture, the surface evolution, but also the mode of ignition. It is possible to optimize the evolution of the combustion surface over time to obtain a desired flow law.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
EP05104116A 2004-05-19 2005-05-17 Dispositif d'extinction de feu par injection d'un gaz généré par la combustion d'un bloc pyrotechnique Ceased EP1609507B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0450997 2004-05-19
FR0450997A FR2870459B1 (fr) 2004-05-19 2004-05-19 Dispositif d'extinction de feu par injection d'un gaz genere par la combustion d'un bloc pyrotechnique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1609507A1 EP1609507A1 (fr) 2005-12-28
EP1609507B1 true EP1609507B1 (fr) 2012-07-04

Family

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EP05104116A Ceased EP1609507B1 (fr) 2004-05-19 2005-05-17 Dispositif d'extinction de feu par injection d'un gaz généré par la combustion d'un bloc pyrotechnique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US7735571B2 (ru)
EP (1) EP1609507B1 (ru)
CA (1) CA2507562C (ru)
FR (1) FR2870459B1 (ru)
RU (1) RU2372956C2 (ru)

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DE102005053692B3 (de) 2005-11-10 2007-01-11 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Brandschutz mit Brennstoffzellenabluft
WO2007054316A1 (en) 2005-11-10 2007-05-18 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Fuel cell system for extinguishing fires
FR2899227B1 (fr) * 2006-04-04 2008-10-24 Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Sa Objets pyrotechniques monolithes de grandes dimensions, obtention et utilisation
FR2905454B1 (fr) 2006-09-01 2011-03-18 Pyroalliance Generateur de gaz pyrotechnique a regulation de pression et dispositif de propulsion de liquide l'incorporant dans sa structure
DE602006013822D1 (de) * 2006-09-21 2010-06-02 Siemens Sas Antriebsvorrichtung für ein in einem Hohlraum enthaltenem Mittel
FR2911168B1 (fr) 2007-01-10 2009-04-10 Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Sa Procede et dispositif pyrotechnique, autonome, d'injection d'un fluide
US8783372B2 (en) * 2007-10-30 2014-07-22 Airbus Operations S.A.S. Fluid ejection device with reinforced seal
WO2010137933A1 (en) * 2009-05-26 2010-12-02 Boris Jankovski Gas generating charges for aerosol fire suppression devices and their production technology
US8695720B2 (en) 2010-10-28 2014-04-15 Honeywell International Inc. Fireproof systems in aircraft engines
DE102012218621A1 (de) * 2012-10-12 2014-04-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Sicherheitsvorrichtung für eine Energieerzeugungsanlage und Verfahren zum Betrieb derselben
US10940341B2 (en) 2013-03-06 2021-03-09 Airbus Canada Limited Partnership Interface between fire suppressant conduit and cargo compartment of an aircraft
US10238902B2 (en) * 2016-09-07 2019-03-26 The Boeing Company Expulsion of a fire suppressant from a container
US10722741B2 (en) * 2017-12-01 2020-07-28 International Business Machines Corporation Automatically generating fire-fighting foams to combat Li-ion battery failures
US10912963B2 (en) * 2017-12-01 2021-02-09 International Business Machines Corporation Automatically generating fire-fighting foams to combat Li-ion battery failures
DE102018109305A1 (de) * 2018-04-19 2019-10-24 Fogtec Brandschutz Gmbh & Co. Kg Brandbekämpfungseinrichtung
US11241599B2 (en) * 2018-05-09 2022-02-08 William A. Enk Fire suppression system
DE102018130087A1 (de) * 2018-11-28 2020-05-28 Rheinmetall Landsysteme Gmbh Feuerlöscher
FR3130751A1 (fr) * 2021-12-22 2023-06-23 Safran Nacelles Intégration de buses d’extinction en zone « feu » d’une turbomachine
FR3130752B1 (fr) * 2021-12-22 2023-11-10 Safran Nacelles Intégration d’un extincteur en zone "feu" d’une turbomachine
CN115487454B (zh) * 2022-10-17 2023-08-04 汕头市奔华电子科技有限公司 一种超高层构筑内自动喷水灭火系统及使用方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2372956C2 (ru) 2009-11-20
CA2507562A1 (fr) 2005-11-19
CA2507562C (fr) 2013-02-26
US20050257937A1 (en) 2005-11-24
RU2005115167A (ru) 2006-11-27
FR2870459A1 (fr) 2005-11-25
US7735571B2 (en) 2010-06-15
FR2870459B1 (fr) 2006-08-25
EP1609507A1 (fr) 2005-12-28

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