EP1605224A2 - Passive Panzerung die ein Panzerelement aus sprödem Material umfasst - Google Patents

Passive Panzerung die ein Panzerelement aus sprödem Material umfasst Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1605224A2
EP1605224A2 EP05011316A EP05011316A EP1605224A2 EP 1605224 A2 EP1605224 A2 EP 1605224A2 EP 05011316 A EP05011316 A EP 05011316A EP 05011316 A EP05011316 A EP 05011316A EP 1605224 A2 EP1605224 A2 EP 1605224A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armor
passive
assembly according
lrp
armor assembly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05011316A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1605224A3 (de
Inventor
Yehoshua Yeshurun
Yechezkel Ashuach
Zvi Rosenberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd
Original Assignee
Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd filed Critical Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd
Publication of EP1605224A2 publication Critical patent/EP1605224A2/de
Publication of EP1605224A3 publication Critical patent/EP1605224A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer

Definitions

  • This invention relates to passive armor assemblies for protecting a body disposed behind them from an oncoming long rod penetrator (hereinafter LRP).
  • LRP long rod penetrator
  • a long rod penetrator is a type of ammunition which uses kinetic energy as the primary means of penetrating armor.
  • a penetrator is considered long if it has a length to diameter (L/D) ratio of from about 5 to about 35.
  • Such penetrators are usually fired from tank guns or other guns having diameters of between 20 and 120mm, particularly 30mm.
  • the penetrator is normally made of a hard and heavy material, such as steel, tungsten alloy or depleted uranium.
  • long rod penetrators are one of the most effective ammunitions in penetrating armor today. They are typically fired at velocities of between 1000 and 1800m/s.
  • EP 943886 describes a lightweight armor assembly resistant against the penetration of firearm projectiles.
  • This assembly includes a front body of a lightweight material slanted relative the expected trajectory of an oncoming firearm projectile.
  • materials used for the front body according to this document are glass, glass ceramics, polymethyl metacrylate (hereinafter PMMA), polycarbonates, PVC, KevlarTM and SpectraTM.
  • the present invention provides a passive armor assembly for protecting a body disposed behind said armor assembly from an impact of a long rod penetrator (hereinafter LRP), said armor assembly comprising (i) an armor surface that is capable of exerting asymmetric forces on the oncoming LRP and (ii) an armor member made of a high compression strength, low density, brittle material, said armor member being disposed behind said armor surface and having a thickness along the direction of said impact, which exceeds the length of the LRP.
  • the thickness is at least 1.5 or more the length of the LRP.
  • the armor member may be made of a single body (monoblock), may be made of several layers of smaller thickness adjacent to each other, or may be made of separate sub-members. Such layers may be attached to each other, for instance, by a suitable adhesive, but this is not a necessity.
  • the thickness of each of the plurality of layers composing the armor body is at least about 20mm.
  • the density of the armor member should be low and its compression strength should be high as to ensure that the damage velocity in the member will be lower than the velocity of the LRP inside it to allow the penetrator to continuously penetrate into non-damaged portions of the armor member. It was found that materials exhibiting the combination of (a)fracture toughness smaller than 3MPam 1 ⁇ 2 or elongation to fracture of less than 5%, (b)density of less than 2g/cc, and (c)compression strength 10 2 to 10 3 MPa are suitable for composing the armor member of the invention. Some deviations from these values may be permitted, as long as the functionality of the assembly, as this is described below, is retained.
  • PMMA such materials will be referred to hereinafter as PMMA-like.
  • Non-limiting examples for such materials are polyester, epoxy resin, and various polymeric resins with brittleness increasing agents, such as ceramic powders.
  • Non-limiting examples to ceramic powders that may function as brittleness increasing agents are alumina powder and silica powder.
  • Non-limiting examples to polymeric resins, the brittleness of which may be increased by such agents is epoxy.
  • disruption of an LRP by an armor assembly according to the present invention may be caused by the combination of at least the following factors:
  • the armor member exerts different (asymmetric) forces at different times on different portions of the penetrator, and thus tends to enhance the deformation of the penetrator as it advances inside the armor member, and even brings it to breakage.
  • the main mechanism that causes the LRP to loose momentum is increase of surface area in the impact direction, caused upon deflection, deformation or breakage of the LRP
  • an armor assembly it may be advisable to include in the armor assembly, behind the armor member, a backing layer of ductile material in order to adsorb momentum of the LRP or its pieces as they exit from the back of the armor member, or make them ricochet from it.
  • a backing layer of ductile material in order to adsorb momentum of the LRP or its pieces as they exit from the back of the armor member, or make them ricochet from it.
  • This may allow using armor member of smaller thickness without compromising the degree of protection.
  • this may also allow to have armor assemblies with higher weight efficiency than may be designed without such a ductile backing layer.
  • the function of such a backing layer may be fulfilled by a wall of the body to be protected.
  • Non-limiting examples of ductile materials include ductile metals, such as steel and aluminum, and composite materials, such as high-density polyethylene or aramid fibers or fabric, as those commercially available under the trade-names KevlarTM or DyneemaTM.
  • Ricocheting from the backing material may happen with armor assemblies in accordance with the present invention almost irrespectively of the angle at which the penetrator impacts the armor surface, thanks to the deflection, deformation, and/or breakage the penetrator suffers during its penetration into the armor member.
  • the armor surface may be inclined with respect to the impact direction of the LRP.
  • suitable armor surfaces are surfaces that are not necessarily slantingly disposed, but have different local densities across their surface, for example, a net with variable density, a bumped board, and the like.
  • the angle between it and the expected trajectory of the oncoming penetrator is preferably between 5 ° and 60°, angles of 10° to 50° are preferable, and most preferable are angles of about 30°.
  • the armor surface may be, for example, the outer surface of the armor member, attached thereto, or separated therefrom.
  • the armor surface is disposed in front of the armor member, preferably parallel thereto, and the distance between the armor surface and the armor member is at least 5mm, preferably 10mm or more.
  • the effect of the armor surface being separate from the armor member is an increase of the asymmetric nature of the forces exerted on the penetrator prior to penetration deep into the armor member.
  • the armor surface is made of a metallic material, the effect the assembly has on the penetrator is particularly strong. This is so although the ductile surface is thin enough not to have a protective value by itself.
  • the explanation may lie in that forces exerted on the penetrator upon exiting from the armor surface are mainly perpendicular to the armor surface, while forces exerted thereon upon impacting the armor member are mainly parallel to the armor member.
  • the penetrator suffers forces of opposite directions, and may be caused to split. This may be of particular usefulness if the penetrator, from which protection is sought, has a hemispherical or flat head.
  • the armor surface of the invention may be advantageously covered with a front non-armor layer for protecting it from environmental hazards, such as blows, humidity, irradiation, and extreme temperature.
  • a non-armor member may be made, for instance, from a thin layer of 4mm aluminum, 10mm KevlarTM, or steel with similar areal weight.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a passive armor assembly 2 according to one embodiment of the invention for protecting a body 4 disposed behind the armor assembly from an oncoming LRP 6 .
  • the armor assembly 2 includes an armor surface 8 that is slantingly oriented in respect of the trajectory of the LRP 6 , and thus capable of exerting asymmetric forces thereon.
  • the assembly 2 also has an armor member 12 , the front surface thereof is the armor surface 8 .
  • the armor member 12 is made of a high compression strength, low density, and brittle material.
  • the armor member 12 has along the LRP impact direction a thickness ⁇ that is greater than the length L of the LRP 6 .
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows a passive armor assembly 2 according to another embodiment of the invention, where the armor member 12 is made of a plurality of mutually adjacent layers 20, 21, 22 , and 23 . It was found that in such an embodiment, it is preferable that each of the several layers 20, 21, 22, and 23 is at least 20mm thick. The several layers may be attached to each other, for instance, by a suitable adhesive, but this is not a necessity.
  • ⁇ should be at least equal to the length of a penetrator from which protection is sought.
  • Fig. 4 schematically shows a passive armor assembly 2 according to another embodiment of the invention, wherein the armor surface 8 is separate from the armor member 12 .
  • the surface 8 is a 30 ° slanted surface.
  • Fig. 5 schematically shows a passive armor assembly similar to that shown in Fig. 4, but the armor surface 8 is metallic, and parallel to the outer surface of the armor member 12 .
  • the distance between the armor surface 8 and the armor member 12 should be such that the penetrator has sufficient time to react to the forces acting thereon at the exit from the surface 8 before it meets the front surface of the member 12 . In practice this is at least 5mm, preferably at least 10mm.
  • Each of the armor assemblies described above may have a backing layer for adsorbing momentum of the LRP or its pieces as they exit from the back of the armor member and/or a front protective layer for protecting the armor member from environmental hazards.
  • Figs. 6A and 6B show schematically front and side views, respectively, of an armor assembly 2 according to another embodiment of the invention having an increased multiple hit capability.
  • the assembly 2 comprises a plurality of discrete modules 24 that preferably have size of between 30X30cm and 60X60cm, for instance, 30X60cm.
  • Each of the modules 24 may be envisaged as a mini armor assembly 2 ' encased in a box 26 .
  • the box 26 may be made of any material that is strong enough to support the mini assembly, allow its attachment to a body to be protected, and protect the mini assembly from environmental hazards.
  • One non-limiting example to such material is 2mm thick steel. Any gap between a box 26 and a mini assembly inside it may be filled, for instance, with molded rubber.
  • the mini assembly 2 ' may be in accordance with any embodiment of the invention. Furthermore, it is possible that the mini assemblies will include only the armor member, while a backing layer, a front protective layer, and/or an armor surface may be common to several modules or to the entire assembly 2 .
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic illustration of an armor assembly designed in accordance with the present invention to protect targets such as an armor personnel carrier (APC) from a tungsten heavy alloy penetrator, with diameter of 8mm and length of 160mm.
  • the designed armor assembly has good weight efficiency and acceptable volume efficiency.
  • the assembly 2 has a 30° slanted PMMA surface 8 that is a part of a slanted PMMA armor member 12, having a thickness of 140mm (280mm thickness along the line of impact, ⁇ ).
  • the PMMA surface 8 is covered with a front protective layer 16 of 10mm KevlarTM.
  • the layer 16 may be replaced by a board of 4mm Al-2024, thin steel layer of similar areal weight, or any similar material, that is known in the art to be useful for protecting PMMA from environmental hazards, such as blows, humidity, irradiation, and extreme temperature.
  • the assembly 2 also has a backing layer 14 , made of 6mm HH steel.
  • Attaching such an assembly to a wall of an armed vehicle made pf 10mm HH steel may provide protection for a special angle of 60° (calculated on the base of 30° to the horizon).
  • the total thickness of the assembly is 150mm and its weight is 450kg/m 2 (which is equivalent to 58mm steel).
  • a penetrator fired at velocity of 1400m/s did not penetrate the assembly, and thus, the weight efficiency of the assembly is about 2.
  • This assembly has better weight efficiency than any other passive assembly known to the inventors, either metallic or ceramic.
  • Fig. 8 shows X-ray photographs taken when an armor assembly of the kind shown schematically in Fig. 2 is hit by an LRP.
  • the LRP in the photograph is an APFSDS-like penetrator having 8mm diameter and 135mm length.
  • the penetrator was shot at 1400m/s.
  • the LRP is shown 100 ⁇ s (I) and 400 ⁇ s (II) after the hit.
  • position I the LRP is deformed, with its nose going upwards, and in II it is broken and turned around, with a nose piece behind a tail piece.
  • Fig. 9 shows X-ray photographs of an armor assembly according to the embodiment schematically shown in Fig. 3, where each of the sub-members is made of a plurality of mutually adjacent layers.
  • the sub-members are each 60mm thick PMMA plates and the gaps between them are each 40mm thick.
  • the sub-members are oriented 30° to the line of impact.
  • Fig. 10 is a set of X-ray photographs taken when a passive armor assembly according to the embodiment schematically shown in Fig. 4 ,with armor member made of a plurality of mutually adjacent layers was penetrated by an LRP similar to the one described in the context of Fig. 9 above, shot at 1420m/s..
  • 100 ⁇ s from the hit (I) the penetrator was deformed at the nose area, at 400 ⁇ s from the hit (II), the head was deformed and broken, and 570 ⁇ s from the hit (III) pieces of the LRP exit the back of the assembly.
  • the front armor surface ( 8 in Fig. 5) was made of 5mm thick HH steel.
  • 150 ⁇ s from the hit (I) the penetrator was deformed at the nose area in the downward direction, at 350 ⁇ s from the hit (II), the front portion of the penetrator was broken to pieces, and 490 ⁇ s from the hit (III) the entire penetrator is broken to pieces, with only a small portion thereof continuing to move along the impact direction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
EP05011316A 2004-06-03 2005-05-25 Passive Panzerung die ein Panzerelement aus sprödem Material umfasst Withdrawn EP1605224A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL16235104 2004-06-03
IL162351A IL162351A (en) 2004-06-03 2004-06-03 Passive armor assembly including an armor member made of brittle material

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1605224A2 true EP1605224A2 (de) 2005-12-14
EP1605224A3 EP1605224A3 (de) 2005-12-21

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EP05011316A Withdrawn EP1605224A3 (de) 2004-06-03 2005-05-25 Passive Panzerung die ein Panzerelement aus sprödem Material umfasst

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US (1) US20100011947A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1605224A3 (de)
IL (1) IL162351A (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009051301A1 (de) * 2009-10-29 2011-05-05 Rheinmetall Landsysteme Gmbh Schutzsystem insbesondere gegen Multislug-Projektile
FR3071597A1 (fr) * 2017-09-27 2019-03-29 Innovation Controle Sysyteme - I.C.S. Brique de protection balistique, structures en briques et procede de realisation

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITFI20050210A1 (it) * 2005-10-07 2007-04-08 Cosimo Cioffi Struttura di indumento per autoprotezione

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE194027C (de) *
FR503320A (fr) * 1917-04-25 1920-06-08 Sir W G Armstrong Perfectionnements aux blindages
EP0209221A1 (de) * 1985-06-20 1987-01-21 The State Of Israel Ministry Of Defence Rafael Armament Development Authority Panzerung für Fahrzeuge
FR2712078A1 (fr) * 1981-09-26 1995-05-12 Rheinmetall Gmbh Blindage multicouches.
EP0943886A2 (de) * 1998-03-20 1999-09-22 The State Of Israel, Ministry Of Defense, Rafael Armament Development Authority Leichtpanzerung gegen Feuerwaffengeschosse
FR2824631A1 (fr) * 2001-05-10 2002-11-15 France Etat Armement Blindage pour la protection contre les projectiles cinetiques perforants

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2213573B (en) * 1987-12-08 1991-02-20 Royal Ordnance Plc Armour constructions
US5402704A (en) * 1991-09-24 1995-04-04 Donovan; William F. Armor for defeating kinetic energy projectiles
US7163731B2 (en) * 1998-03-20 2007-01-16 Rafael Armament Development Authority, Ltd. Lightweight armor against firearm projectiles

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE194027C (de) *
FR503320A (fr) * 1917-04-25 1920-06-08 Sir W G Armstrong Perfectionnements aux blindages
FR2712078A1 (fr) * 1981-09-26 1995-05-12 Rheinmetall Gmbh Blindage multicouches.
EP0209221A1 (de) * 1985-06-20 1987-01-21 The State Of Israel Ministry Of Defence Rafael Armament Development Authority Panzerung für Fahrzeuge
EP0943886A2 (de) * 1998-03-20 1999-09-22 The State Of Israel, Ministry Of Defense, Rafael Armament Development Authority Leichtpanzerung gegen Feuerwaffengeschosse
FR2824631A1 (fr) * 2001-05-10 2002-11-15 France Etat Armement Blindage pour la protection contre les projectiles cinetiques perforants

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009051301A1 (de) * 2009-10-29 2011-05-05 Rheinmetall Landsysteme Gmbh Schutzsystem insbesondere gegen Multislug-Projektile
FR3071597A1 (fr) * 2017-09-27 2019-03-29 Innovation Controle Sysyteme - I.C.S. Brique de protection balistique, structures en briques et procede de realisation
WO2019063684A1 (fr) * 2017-09-27 2019-04-04 Innovation Contrôle Système - I.C.S. Brique de protection balistique, structure en briques et procédé de réalisation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1605224A3 (de) 2005-12-21
IL162351A0 (en) 2005-11-20
US20100011947A1 (en) 2010-01-21
IL162351A (en) 2013-01-31

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