EP1604115A1 - Integrated centrifugal compressor unit - Google Patents

Integrated centrifugal compressor unit

Info

Publication number
EP1604115A1
EP1604115A1 EP03727579A EP03727579A EP1604115A1 EP 1604115 A1 EP1604115 A1 EP 1604115A1 EP 03727579 A EP03727579 A EP 03727579A EP 03727579 A EP03727579 A EP 03727579A EP 1604115 A1 EP1604115 A1 EP 1604115A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compressor
compressor unit
casing
motor
unit according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03727579A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1604115B8 (en
EP1604115B1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Laboube
Jean-Marc Pugnet
Patrick Friez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thermodyn SAS
Original Assignee
Thermodyn SAS
Framatome SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thermodyn SAS, Framatome SA filed Critical Thermodyn SAS
Priority to SI200332488A priority Critical patent/SI1604115T1/en
Publication of EP1604115A1 publication Critical patent/EP1604115A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1604115B1 publication Critical patent/EP1604115B1/en
Publication of EP1604115B8 publication Critical patent/EP1604115B8/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/056—Bearings
    • F04D29/058—Bearings magnetic; electromagnetic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
    • F04D17/12—Multi-stage pumps
    • F04D17/122—Multi-stage pumps the individual rotor discs being, one for each stage, on a common shaft and axially spaced, e.g. conventional centrifugal multi- stage compressors
    • F04D17/125—Multi-stage pumps the individual rotor discs being, one for each stage, on a common shaft and axially spaced, e.g. conventional centrifugal multi- stage compressors the casing being vertically split
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/022—Units comprising pumps and their driving means comprising a yielding coupling, e.g. hydraulic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F04D25/0606—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven the electric motor being specially adapted for integration in the pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/053—Shafts
    • F04D29/054—Arrangements for joining or assembling shafts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a turbocharger or motor-compressor and, in particular, an integrated motor-compressor unit.
  • the integrated motor-compressor groups comprise a sealed common casing 10 in which an electric motor 12 and a compressor group 14, for example with several stages, are placed, which comprises a set of impellers , such as 16, carried by a shaft 18.
  • the motor 12 rotates a rotor 20, this rotor 20 being coupled to the shaft 18 of the compressor 14 by means of a rigid coupling 22.
  • Bearings 24, 26 and 28 are used to support the line of shafts of the motor-compressor unit.
  • the assembly is placed in a common casing 29.
  • the gas to be handled is presented at the inlet E of the turbocharger then is transmitted to the successive stages of compression of the compressor unit to be delivered at the outlet S.
  • An axial bearing 30 is used to prevent axial displacement of the compressor 14 during its operation.
  • This type of arrangement has the advantage of considerably simplifying the line of shafts of the compressor unit insofar as the assembly constituted by the motor, its rotor and its end bearings, as well as by the rigid coupling and by the axial stop, are located inside the casing and are subjected to the pressure of the gas admitted at the inlet of the first compression stage.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to overcome these drawbacks.
  • the subject of the invention is therefore a centrifugal compressor group comprising a motor, at least one compressor comprising a driven shaft driven by the motor rotor and a set of at least two paddle wheels mounted on the driven shaft, the assembly consisting of the engine and the compressor being mounted in a common gas-tight casing handled by the compressor unit.
  • the rotor and the driven shaft are connected by a flexible coupling arranged in the housing. It is therefore understandable that it is possible to overcome the crippling problems of alignment of the driving and driven trees.
  • the rotor and the compressor shaft maintain their own vibrational behavior, insofar as these elements of the line of shafts of the compressor group remain mechanically decoupled.
  • the casing comprises several casing elements secured to one another in leaktight manner, each casing element enclosing the motor or a compressor.
  • the casing is provided with an orifice formed between the adjoining casing elements for access to the flexible coupling, said orifice being provided with sealing means.
  • the flexible coupling includes a diaphragm or flexible blade coupling, or a twist shaft coupling.
  • each end of the driven shaft and of the rotor is supported by an end bearing, which can be secured to the casing.
  • the end bearings are radial magnetic bearings.
  • the compressor unit includes an axial stop on which the shaft rests driven from the compressor, during operation of the turbocharger.
  • This stop is for example a magnetic stop.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the general structure of a compressor unit according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment of a compressor unit according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a third embodiment of a compressor unit according to the invention
  • - Figure 5 illustrates a fourth embodiment of a compressor unit according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a fifth embodiment of a compressor unit according to the invention.
  • a motor compressor essentially comprises an electric motor 34 at high speed of rotation (6,000 to 16,000 rpm) powered by a frequency converter and comprising a stator 36 and a rotor 38 supported by two end bearings 40 and 42, and a compressor unit 44 comprising a set of impellers 46, 48, 50 and 52, mounted on a driven shaft
  • the assembly is mounted on a base (not shown) and is placed in a common gas-tight casing 55 handled by the turbocharger.
  • the motor-compressor unit 44 can include any number of such impellers, or, as will be described later, include another arrangement of impellers.
  • the casing is composed of an assembly of integral casing elements such as 55a and 55b, each providing support and protection for the engine or a compression stage, and secured by suitable fixing means.
  • the compressor shaft 44 revolves in bearings 55 and
  • an axial stop 62 integral with the driven shaft is disposed between two fixed bearings 66 and 68, so as to limit the axial overshoot of the driven shaft 54 of the compressor stage 44, together with an axial aerodynamic balancing piston 70.
  • a flexible coupling 72 ensures the coupling of the rotor 38 of the motor 34 and of the driven shaft 54 of the compressor stage 44.
  • Such a coupling 72 can be produced either from a coupling of the diaphragm type, or from a flexible blade type coupling, or a twist shaft type coupling.
  • any other type of flexible coupling suitable for the intended use can be used.
  • the use of a coupling with a twist shaft type makes it possible to reduce losses by ventilation, to reduce the level of noise generated, and to more easily propagate the axial thrust produced by the motor.
  • the casing is provided with an orifice 76 which opens facing the junction zone between the rotor 38 and the driven shaft 54. This orifice is associated with a removable waterproof closure device 78
  • the entire interior of the turbocharger is bathed in process gas handled by the compressor, including the flexible coupling 72.
  • the internal volume of the turbocharger does not have any shaft outlet sealing, but only rotary joints 80 which are subjected to small pressure differences, such as for example labyrinth type rotary joints which are used for the operation of the compressor.
  • the engine is left at the suction pressure of the compressor, and a gas circulation is organized to ensure its cooling.
  • the radial bearings 40, 42, 55 and 56 used for supporting the rotors do not require a supply of lubricating fluid.
  • these bearings are controlled in such a way that they adapt to the dynamic behavior of the rotor or of the driven shaft 54 for which they provide support, that is to say generally rigid on the motor side and generally flexible on the driven shaft side.
  • the bearings 40, 42, 55 and 56 are rigidly fixed relative to the casing. These forces consist of the radial weight forces, the dynamic radial forces linked to the residual unbalances, and the axial forces due to the result of aerodynamic thrust on the compression stages.
  • These bearings also allow a radial displacement of the rotor or of the driven shaft which they support, in order to allow the lineage of these elements of the line of shafts during the maintenance phases.
  • the casing is constituted by an assembly of casing elements respectively providing support for the motor and the compression stage, these casing elements being associated in a rigid and sealed manner.
  • Mutually ends opposite 82 and 84 of the casing thus formed are closed, on the one hand by a bolted bottom 86, on which are fixed the bearings 40 of the rotor 38 and, on the other hand, by a second bottom 88 which supports the bearing 56 in which journals the driven shaft 54 and the balancing piston 70, and which is fixed to the casing for example by means of shear rings
  • the invention which has just been described, which uses an electric motor and a compressor unit arranged in a sealed common casing and whose shafts respectively leading and driven are secured by means of a flexible coupling arranged in the gas handled by the turbocharger has several advantages.
  • each of the rotors, engine and compressor unit retains its own vibrational behavior.
  • the rotor of the motor is generally of rigid type, with the first critical speed of bending above the speed of rotation.
  • the compressor rotor is generally of the flexible type, with the first critical bending speed below the maximum rotation speed. This avoids creating natural modes of bending coupled between the two rotors which risk developing, during operation, hot spots on the motor rotor, constituting thermal imbalances of phase and of uncontrollable amplitude.
  • a flexible coupling also facilitates the positioning of the first natural frequency of torsion, and also contributes to reducing the stress in the shaft end of the compressor in the event of an electrical short circuit at the terminals of the motor. Furthermore, in terms of maintenance, the flexible coupling can be uncoupled from the orifice 76 passing through the casing, and each of the rotor and driven shaft can be extracted while the other continues to be supported by its two bearings. In this way, the rotor and driven shaft are protected during this operation, reassembly being much faster and lineage and dynamic balancing facilitated, due to access to the two central planes on each end of the shaft.
  • this is arranged so that the whole rotor-diaphragm assembly can be pulled from the body at the same time as the bottom 88, without having to separate the casing from its base and the piping from process gas. It will be noted that, during these assembly-disassembly phases, the rotors rest on their respective bearings without risk of damage to the rotating parts as well as to the stator parts which could otherwise come into contact with the rotors during these operations.
  • a turbocharger is shown provided with a multi-stage compressor integrated in line with a single compression section and with four stages
  • the invention also applies to other types of motor-compressors, for example with two sections SI and S2 in line, for example with two stages each, ensuring each of them the compression of a process gas with for example intermediate cooling.
  • two inputs E '1 and E'2 and two outputs S' 1 and S'2 are provided in the housing, opposite the input and the output of each of these sections (FIG. 3).
  • the first compression stage of one of the sections S2 can be arranged opposite the second compression stage of the other section SI.
  • FIG. 3 the first compression stage of one of the sections S2 can be arranged opposite the second compression stage of the other section SI.
  • each of the compression bodies has gas extraction means, or reinjection devices, which then considerably increases the number of possible combinations of arrangements.

Abstract

A centrifugal compressor unit comprising a motor (34) and at least one compressor (44) comprising a steered shaft (54) driven by the rotor of the motor and blade wheels mounted on the steered shaft (54), said unit consisting of the motor and compressor being mounted in a common housing (55) which is tight in relation to the gas manipulated by the compressor unit. The rotor and the steered shaft are joined by means of a flexible coupling (72) disposed in the housing.

Description

Groupe compresseur centrifuge Centrifugal compressor group
L'invention concerne un turbocompresseur ou moto- compresseur et, en particulier, un groupe moto-compresseur intégré. En se référant à la figure 1, les groupes- moto-compresseurs intégrés comportent un carter commun étanche 10, dans lequel sont placés un moteur électrique 12 et un groupe compresseur 14, par exemple à plusieurs étages, lequel comporte un ensemble de roues à aubes, telles que 16, portées par un arbre 18. Le moteur 12 entraîne en rotation un rotor 20, ce rotor 20 étant accouplé à l'arbre 18 du compresseur 14 par l'intermédiaire d'un accouplement rigide 22. Des paliers 24, 26 et 28 sont utilisés pour supporter la ligne d'arbres du groupe moto-compresseur. L'ensemble est placé dans un carter commun 29. En fonctionnement, le gaz à manipuler est présenté en entrée E du turbocompresseur puis est transmis aux étages successifs de compression du groupe compresseur pour être délivré en sortie S. Un palier axial 30 est utilisé pour empêcher le déplacement axial du compresseur 14 lors de son fonctionnement. Ce type d'agencement présente l'avantage de simplifier de manière considérable la ligne d'arbres du groupe compresseur dans la mesure où l'ensemble constitué par le moteur, son rotor et ses paliers d'extrémité, ainsi que par l'accouplement rigide et par la butée axiale, se situent à l'intérieur du carter et sont soumis à la pression du gaz admis en entrée du premier étage de compression. En outre, il est possible, avec un tel agencement, de doter la ligne d'arbres de plusieurs étages de compression, tout en limitant sa longueur.The invention relates to a turbocharger or motor-compressor and, in particular, an integrated motor-compressor unit. Referring to FIG. 1, the integrated motor-compressor groups comprise a sealed common casing 10 in which an electric motor 12 and a compressor group 14, for example with several stages, are placed, which comprises a set of impellers , such as 16, carried by a shaft 18. The motor 12 rotates a rotor 20, this rotor 20 being coupled to the shaft 18 of the compressor 14 by means of a rigid coupling 22. Bearings 24, 26 and 28 are used to support the line of shafts of the motor-compressor unit. The assembly is placed in a common casing 29. In operation, the gas to be handled is presented at the inlet E of the turbocharger then is transmitted to the successive stages of compression of the compressor unit to be delivered at the outlet S. An axial bearing 30 is used to prevent axial displacement of the compressor 14 during its operation. This type of arrangement has the advantage of considerably simplifying the line of shafts of the compressor unit insofar as the assembly constituted by the motor, its rotor and its end bearings, as well as by the rigid coupling and by the axial stop, are located inside the casing and are subjected to the pressure of the gas admitted at the inlet of the first compression stage. In addition, it is possible, with such an arrangement, to provide the line of shafts with several compression stages, while limiting its length.
Cependant, une telle structure présente un inconvénient majeur, dans la mesure où, lors de son assemblage, elle nécessite un alignement parfait du rotor et de l'arbre mené du compresseur. En outre, la solidarisation du rotor et de l'arbre du compresseur dégrade considérablement le comportement vibratoire de la ligne d'arbres.However, such a structure has a major drawback, insofar as, during its assembly, it requires perfect alignment of the rotor and the driven shaft of the compressor. In addition, the attachment of the rotor and the compressor shaft considerably degrades the vibratory behavior of the line of shafts.
'• m M REMPLACEMENT (RÈGLE 26) Le but de l'invention est donc de pallier ces inconvénients. L'invention a donc pour objet un groupe compresseur centrifuge comprenant un moteur, au moins un compresseur comportant un arbre mené entraîné par le rotor du moteur et un ensemble d'au moins deux roues à aubes montées sur l'arbre mené, l'ensemble constitué par le moteur et le compresseur étant monté dans un carter commun étanche au gaz manipulé par le groupe compresseur. Le rotor et l'arbre mené sont reliés par un accouplement flexible disposé dans le carter. On conçoit dès lors qu'il est possible de s'affranchir des problèmes rédhibitoires d'alignement des arbres menant et mené. En outre, le rotor et l'arbre du compresseur conservent des comportements vibratoires qui leur sont propres, dans la mesure où ces éléments de la ligne d'arbres du groupe compresseur restent mécaniquement découplés. '• m M REPLACEMENT (RULE 26) The object of the invention is therefore to overcome these drawbacks. The subject of the invention is therefore a centrifugal compressor group comprising a motor, at least one compressor comprising a driven shaft driven by the motor rotor and a set of at least two paddle wheels mounted on the driven shaft, the assembly consisting of the engine and the compressor being mounted in a common gas-tight casing handled by the compressor unit. The rotor and the driven shaft are connected by a flexible coupling arranged in the housing. It is therefore understandable that it is possible to overcome the crippling problems of alignment of the driving and driven trees. In addition, the rotor and the compressor shaft maintain their own vibrational behavior, insofar as these elements of the line of shafts of the compressor group remain mechanically decoupled.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le carter comporte plusieurs éléments de carter solidarisés entre eux de manière étanche, chaque élément de carter enfermant le moteur ou un compresseur. Afin de faciliter l' assemblage, le carter est pourvu d'un orifice ménagé entre les éléments de carter adj acents pour l'accès à l'accouplement flexible, ledit orifice étant muni de moyens d'obturation étanche.According to another characteristic of the invention, the casing comprises several casing elements secured to one another in leaktight manner, each casing element enclosing the motor or a compressor. In order to facilitate assembly, the casing is provided with an orifice formed between the adjoining casing elements for access to the flexible coupling, said orifice being provided with sealing means.
Dans différents modes de réalisation, l'accouplement flexible comporte un accouplement à diaphragme ou à lame flexible, ou un accouplement à arbre torsible.In different embodiments, the flexible coupling includes a diaphragm or flexible blade coupling, or a twist shaft coupling.
De préférence, chaque extrémité de l'arbre mené et du rotor est supportée par un palier d'extrémité, qui peut être solidarisé au carter. Par exemple, les paliers d'extrémité sont des paliers magnétiques radiaux.Preferably, each end of the driven shaft and of the rotor is supported by an end bearing, which can be secured to the casing. For example, the end bearings are radial magnetic bearings.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le groupe compresseur comporte une butée axiale sur laquelle s'appuie l'arbre mené du compresseur, lors du fonctionnement du turbocompresseur. Cette butée est par exemple une butée magnétique.According to another characteristic of the invention, the compressor unit includes an axial stop on which the shaft rests driven from the compressor, during operation of the turbocharger. This stop is for example a magnetic stop.
D'autres buts, caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description suivante, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple non limitatif, et faite en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :Other objects, characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description, given solely by way of nonlimiting example, and made with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
- la figure 1 , dont il a déjà été fait mention, illustre la structure générale d'un groupe compresseur conforme à l'état de la technique ;- Figure 1, which has already been mentioned, illustrates the general structure of a compressor unit according to the prior art;
- la figure 2 est un schéma synoptique illustrant la structure générale d'un groupe compresseur conforme à l'invention ;- Figure 2 is a block diagram illustrating the general structure of a compressor unit according to the invention;
- la figure 3 illustre un autre mode de réalisation d'un groupe compresseur conforme à l'invention ;- Figure 3 illustrates another embodiment of a compressor unit according to the invention;
- la figure 4 illustre un troisième mode de réalisation d'un groupe compresseur conforme à l'invention ; et - la figure 5 illustre un quatrième mode de réalisation d'un groupe compresseur selon l'invention ; et- Figure 4 illustrates a third embodiment of a compressor unit according to the invention; and - Figure 5 illustrates a fourth embodiment of a compressor unit according to the invention; and
- la figure 6 illustre un cinquième mode de réalisation d'un groupe compresseur selon l'invention.- Figure 6 illustrates a fifth embodiment of a compressor unit according to the invention.
En se réfèrent à la figure 2, un moto-compresseur conforme à l'invention, désigné par la référence numérique générale 32, comporte essentiellement un moteur électrique 34 à grande vitesse de rotation (6 000 à 16 000 tr/min) alimenté par un variateur de fréquence et comportant un stator 36 et un rotor 38 supportés par deux paliers d'extrémité 40 et 42, et un groupe compresseur 44 comportant un ensemble de roues à aubes 46, 48, 50 et 52, monté sur un arbre menéReferring to Figure 2, a motor compressor according to the invention, designated by the general reference numeral 32, essentially comprises an electric motor 34 at high speed of rotation (6,000 to 16,000 rpm) powered by a frequency converter and comprising a stator 36 and a rotor 38 supported by two end bearings 40 and 42, and a compressor unit 44 comprising a set of impellers 46, 48, 50 and 52, mounted on a driven shaft
54. L'ensemble est monté sur un socle (non représenté) et est disposé dans un carter 55 commun étanche au gaz manipulé par le turbocompresseur.54. The assembly is mounted on a base (not shown) and is placed in a common gas-tight casing 55 handled by the turbocharger.
Bien entendu, le groupe moto-compresseur 44 peut comporter un nombre quelconque de telles roues à aubes, ou, comme cela sera décrit par la suite, comporter un autre agencement des roues à aubes. Comme on le voit sur la figure 2, le carter est composé d'un assemblage d'éléments de carter solidarisés tels que 55a et 55b, assurant chacun le support et la protection du moteur ou d'un étage de compression, et solidarisés par des moyens de fixation appropriés. L'arbre du compresseur 44 tourillonne dans des paliers 55 etOf course, the motor-compressor unit 44 can include any number of such impellers, or, as will be described later, include another arrangement of impellers. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the casing is composed of an assembly of integral casing elements such as 55a and 55b, each providing support and protection for the engine or a compression stage, and secured by suitable fixing means. The compressor shaft 44 revolves in bearings 55 and
56. Un orifice 58 d'admission de gaz dans le turbocompresseur 32, ménagé dans le carter, débouche au niveau du premier étage de compression, constitué par la roue à aubes désignée par la référence 46, tandis qu'un orifice de sortie 60 récupère le gaz manipulé par le turbocompresseur, en sortie du dernier étage de compression constitué par la roue à aubes désignée par la référence numérique 52, comme désigné par les flèches F.56. An orifice 58 for admitting gas into the turbocharger 32, formed in the casing, opens at the level of the first compression stage, constituted by the impeller designated by the reference 46, while an outlet orifice 60 recovers the gas handled by the turbocharger, at the outlet of the last compression stage constituted by the impeller designated by the reference numeral 52, as designated by the arrows F.
Afin de supporter les efforts engendrés lors du fonctionnement de l'étage de compression 44, une butée axiale 62 solidaire de l' arbre mené est disposée entre deux paliers 66 et 68 fixes, de manière à limiter le dépassement axial de l'arbre mené 54 de l'étage compresseur 44, conjointement avec un piston d'équilibrage aérodynamique axial 70.In order to withstand the forces generated during the operation of the compression stage 44, an axial stop 62 integral with the driven shaft is disposed between two fixed bearings 66 and 68, so as to limit the axial overshoot of the driven shaft 54 of the compressor stage 44, together with an axial aerodynamic balancing piston 70.
Un accouplement flexible 72 assure l'accouplement du rotor 38 du moteur 34 et de l'arbre mené 54 de l'étage compresseur 44. Un tel accouplement 72 peut être réalisé soit à partir d'un accouplement de type à diaphragme, soit à partir d'un accouplement de type à lame flexible, ou encore un accouplement de type à arbre torsible. Cependant, tout autre type d'accouplement flexible approprié pour l'utilisation envisagée peut être utilisé. On notera néanmoins que l'utilisation d'un accouplement de type à arbre torsible permet de réduire les pertes par ventilation, de réduire le niveau de bruit généré, et de propager plus facilement la poussée axiale procurée par le moteur. Pour accéder à cet accouplement 72, le carter est pourvu d'un orifice 76 qui débouche au regard de la zone de jonction entre le rotor 38 et l'arbre mené 54. Cet orifice est associé à un dispositif d'obturation étanche 78 amovibleA flexible coupling 72 ensures the coupling of the rotor 38 of the motor 34 and of the driven shaft 54 of the compressor stage 44. Such a coupling 72 can be produced either from a coupling of the diaphragm type, or from a flexible blade type coupling, or a twist shaft type coupling. However, any other type of flexible coupling suitable for the intended use can be used. However, it should be noted that the use of a coupling with a twist shaft type makes it possible to reduce losses by ventilation, to reduce the level of noise generated, and to more easily propagate the axial thrust produced by the motor. To access this coupling 72, the casing is provided with an orifice 76 which opens facing the junction zone between the rotor 38 and the driven shaft 54. This orifice is associated with a removable waterproof closure device 78
On notera enfin que tout l'intérieur du turbocompresseur est baigné par le gaz du procédé manipulé par le compresseur, y compris l' accouplement flexible 72. En particulier, le volume interne du turbocompresseur ne comporte aucune étanchéité de sortie d'arbre, mais uniquement des joints tournants 80 qui sont soumis à de faibles différences de pression, comme par exemple des joints tournants de type labyrinthe qui servent au fonctionnement du compresseur. Afin de limiter les pertes par ventilation, le moteur est laissé à la pression d'aspiration du compresseur, et une circulation de gaz est organisée pour assurer son refroidissement.Finally, note that the entire interior of the turbocharger is bathed in process gas handled by the compressor, including the flexible coupling 72. In particular, the internal volume of the turbocharger does not have any shaft outlet sealing, but only rotary joints 80 which are subjected to small pressure differences, such as for example labyrinth type rotary joints which are used for the operation of the compressor. In order to limit losses by ventilation, the engine is left at the suction pressure of the compressor, and a gas circulation is organized to ensure its cooling.
On notera également que les paliers radiaux 40, 42, 55 et 56 utilisés pour le support des rotors ne nécessitent pas d'alimentation en fluide de lubrification. Dans le cas où l'on utilise des paliers magnétiques actifs, ces paliers sont commandés de manière qu'ils s'adaptent au comportement dynamique du rotor ou de l'arbre mené 54 dont ils assurent le support, c'est-à-dire généralement rigide du côté du moteur et généralement flexible du côté de l' arbre mené. Afin de transmettre les efforts liés au fonctionnement du groupe compresseur au carter, les paliers 40, 42, 55 et 56 sont fixés de manière rigide par rapport au carter. Ces efforts sont constitués par les efforts radiaux de poids, les efforts radiaux dynamiques liés aux balourds résiduels, et les efforts axiaux dus à la résultante de poussée aérodynamique sur les étages de compression. Ces paliers autorisent en outre un déplacement radial du rotor ou de l'arbre mené dont ils assurent le support, afin de permettre de réaliser le lignage de ces éléments de la ligne d'arbres pendant les phases de maintenance.It will also be noted that the radial bearings 40, 42, 55 and 56 used for supporting the rotors do not require a supply of lubricating fluid. In the case where active magnetic bearings are used, these bearings are controlled in such a way that they adapt to the dynamic behavior of the rotor or of the driven shaft 54 for which they provide support, that is to say generally rigid on the motor side and generally flexible on the driven shaft side. In order to transmit the forces associated with the operation of the compressor unit to the casing, the bearings 40, 42, 55 and 56 are rigidly fixed relative to the casing. These forces consist of the radial weight forces, the dynamic radial forces linked to the residual unbalances, and the axial forces due to the result of aerodynamic thrust on the compression stages. These bearings also allow a radial displacement of the rotor or of the driven shaft which they support, in order to allow the lineage of these elements of the line of shafts during the maintenance phases.
Comme indiqué précédemment, le carter est constitué par un assemblage d'éléments de carter assurant respectivement le support du moteur et de l'étage de compression, ces éléments de carter étant associés de manière rigide et étanche. Les extrémités mutuellement opposées 82 et 84 du carter ainsi formées sont obturées, d'une part par un fond boulonné 86, sur lequel sont fixés les paliers 40 du rotor 38 et, d'autre part, par un deuxième fond 88 qui supporte le palier 56 dans lequel tourillonne l'arbre mené 54 et le piston d'équilibrage 70, et qui est fixé sur le carter par exemple au moyen d'anneaux de cisaillementAs indicated above, the casing is constituted by an assembly of casing elements respectively providing support for the motor and the compression stage, these casing elements being associated in a rigid and sealed manner. Mutually ends opposite 82 and 84 of the casing thus formed are closed, on the one hand by a bolted bottom 86, on which are fixed the bearings 40 of the rotor 38 and, on the other hand, by a second bottom 88 which supports the bearing 56 in which journals the driven shaft 54 and the balancing piston 70, and which is fixed to the casing for example by means of shear rings
90.90.
Comme on le conçoit, l'invention qui vient d'être décrite, qui utilise un moteur électrique et un groupe compresseur disposés dans un carter commun étanche et dont les arbres respectivement menant et mené sont solidarisés au moyen d'un accouplement flexible disposé dans le gaz manipulé par le turbocompresseur, présente plusieurs avantages.As will be appreciated, the invention which has just been described, which uses an electric motor and a compressor unit arranged in a sealed common casing and whose shafts respectively leading and driven are secured by means of a flexible coupling arranged in the gas handled by the turbocharger has several advantages.
Tout d'abord, sur le plan de la conception mécanique, chacun des rotors, moteur et groupe compresseur, conserve le comportement vibratoire qui lui est propre. On notera que le rotor du moteur est en général de type rigide, avec la première vitesse critique de flexion au- dessus de la vitesse de rotation. Le rotor du compresseur est généralement de type flexible, avec la première vitesse critique de flexion au-dessous de la vitesse de rotation maximale. On évite ainsi de créer des modes propres de flexion couplés entre les deux rotors risquant de développer, lors du fonctionnement, des points chauds sur le rotor du moteur, constituant des balourds thermiques de phase et d'amplitude non contrôlable.First of all, in terms of mechanical design, each of the rotors, engine and compressor unit, retains its own vibrational behavior. It will be noted that the rotor of the motor is generally of rigid type, with the first critical speed of bending above the speed of rotation. The compressor rotor is generally of the flexible type, with the first critical bending speed below the maximum rotation speed. This avoids creating natural modes of bending coupled between the two rotors which risk developing, during operation, hot spots on the motor rotor, constituting thermal imbalances of phase and of uncontrollable amplitude.
De plus, l'équilibrage dynamique des deux rotors est facilité du fait du découplage ainsi réalisé.In addition, the dynamic balancing of the two rotors is facilitated due to the decoupling thus achieved.
La présence d'un accouplement flexible facilite par ailleurs le positionnement de la première fréquence propre de torsion, et contribue en outre à diminuer la sollicitation dans le bout d'arbre du compresseur en cas de court-circuit électrique aux bornes du moteur. Par ailleurs, sur le plan de la maintenance, l'accouplement souple peut être désaccouplé à partir de l'orifice 76 traversant le carter, et chacun des rotor et arbre mené, peut être extrait alors que l'autre continue à être supporté par ses deux paliers. De cette façon, les rotor et arbre mené sont protégés lors de cette opération, le remontage étant beaucoup plus rapide et le lignage et l'équilibrage dynamique facilités, en raison de l'accès aux deux plans centraux sur chaque bout d'arbre.The presence of a flexible coupling also facilitates the positioning of the first natural frequency of torsion, and also contributes to reducing the stress in the shaft end of the compressor in the event of an electrical short circuit at the terminals of the motor. Furthermore, in terms of maintenance, the flexible coupling can be uncoupled from the orifice 76 passing through the casing, and each of the rotor and driven shaft can be extracted while the other continues to be supported by its two bearings. In this way, the rotor and driven shaft are protected during this operation, reassembly being much faster and lineage and dynamic balancing facilitated, due to access to the two central planes on each end of the shaft.
Par ailleurs, l'utilisation d'un fond boulonné d'un côté et d'un fonds retenu par anneaux de cisaillement de l'autre, pour l'obturation du carter, permet de faciliter le démontage du turbocompresseur. En effet, pour procéder à ce démontage, il convient tout d'abord d'ôter le fond boulonné 86 et d'extraire le groupe moteur 34.Furthermore, the use of a bolted bottom on one side and a bottom retained by shear rings on the other, for closing the casing, makes it easier to dismantle the turbocharger. Indeed, to proceed with this disassembly, it is first of all necessary to remove the bolted bottom 86 and to extract the motor unit 34.
En ce qui concerne le groupe compresseur 44, celui-ci est agencé de sorte que tout l'ensemble rotor-diaphragme puisse être tiré du corps en même temps que le fond 88, sans avoir à désolidariser le carter de son socle et des tuyauteries de gaz de procédé. On notera que, au cours de ces phases de montage-démontage, les rotors reposent sur leurs paliers respectifs sans risque d'endommagement des pièces tournantes ainsi que des pièces statoriques qui pourraient sinon entrer en contact avec les rotors lors de ces opérations.As regards the compressor unit 44, this is arranged so that the whole rotor-diaphragm assembly can be pulled from the body at the same time as the bottom 88, without having to separate the casing from its base and the piping from process gas. It will be noted that, during these assembly-disassembly phases, the rotors rest on their respective bearings without risk of damage to the rotating parts as well as to the stator parts which could otherwise come into contact with the rotors during these operations.
On notera enfin que l'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation décrit.Finally, it should be noted that the invention is not limited to the embodiment described.
En effet, alors que sur la figure 2, on a représenté un turbocompresseur muni d'un compresseur multi-étagé intégré en ligne à une seule section de compression et à quatre étages, l'invention s'applique également à d'autres types de moto-compresseurs, par exemple à deux sections SI et S2 en ligne, par exemple à deux étages chacune, assurant à chacune la compression d'un gaz de procédé avec par exemple refroidissement intermédiaire. Dans ce cas, on prévoit, dans le carter, deux entrées E' 1 et E'2 et deux sorties S' 1 et S'2 en regard de l'entrée et de la sortie de chacune de ces sections (figure 3) . Dans ce cas, comme visible sur cette figure 3, le premier étage de compression de l'une des sections S2 peut être disposé en regard du deuxième étage de compression de l'autre section S I . Au contraire, comme visible sur la figure 4, pour une configuration connue sous l'appellation "back to back", les premiers étages de compression de chacune des sections SI et S2 peuvent être disposés côte à côte. On notera enfin que, comme visible sur la figure 5, l'invention s'applique également à un agencement dans lequel on utilise, disposés dans un carter commun, un moteur 34 et deux groupes compresseurs 44' et 44", pourvus chacun d'étages respectifs de compression 46', 48 ', 50', 52' et 46" , 48", 50" et 52" montés chacun sur un arbre mené 54' et 54" , ces arbres 54' et 54" étant fixés à deux extrémités mutuellement opposées du rotor 38 du moteur en utilisant des accouplements flexibles 72' et 72". Bien entendu, cet agencement à deux groupes de compression peut utiliser l'un ou l'autre des agencements de compression décrits précédemment en référence aux figures 2 à 4. Dans ce cas, selon cet agencement, selon lequel les groupes compresseurs sont disposés de part et d'autre du moteur, la pression régnant dans le moteur sera celle d'aspiration du côté basse pression.In fact, while in FIG. 2, a turbocharger is shown provided with a multi-stage compressor integrated in line with a single compression section and with four stages, the invention also applies to other types of motor-compressors, for example with two sections SI and S2 in line, for example with two stages each, ensuring each of them the compression of a process gas with for example intermediate cooling. In this case, two inputs E '1 and E'2 and two outputs S' 1 and S'2 are provided in the housing, opposite the input and the output of each of these sections (FIG. 3). In this case, as visible in this FIG. 3, the first compression stage of one of the sections S2 can be arranged opposite the second compression stage of the other section SI. On the contrary, as visible in FIG. 4, for a configuration known under the name "back to back", the first compression stages of each of the sections SI and S2 can be arranged side by side. Finally, it will be noted that, as visible in FIG. 5, the invention also applies to an arrangement in which a motor 34 and two compressor groups 44 'and 44 "are used, arranged in a common casing, each provided with respective compression stages 46 ', 48', 50 ', 52' and 46 ", 48", 50 "and 52" each mounted on a driven shaft 54 'and 54 ", these shafts 54' and 54" being attached to two mutually opposite ends of the motor rotor 38 using flexible couplings 72 'and 72 ". Of course, this arrangement with two compression groups can use one or the other of the compression arrangements described above with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4. In this case, according to this arrangement, according to which the compressor groups are arranged on the side and on the other side of the engine, the pressure prevailing in the engine will be that of suction on the low pressure side.
Il est aussi possible que chacun des corps de compression possède des moyens d'extraction de gaz, ou des dispositifs de réinjection, ce qui augmente alors considérablement le nombre de combinaisons d'arrangements possibles.It is also possible that each of the compression bodies has gas extraction means, or reinjection devices, which then considerably increases the number of possible combinations of arrangements.
On notera enfin que l'invention qui vient d'être décrite permet, outre la conservation des caractéristiques dynamiques des rotors, d'éviter complètement les fuites de gaz vers l'extérieur. Elle permet également d'éliminer les garnitures d'étanchéité et leurs systèmes auxiliaires de surveillance. Finally, it should be noted that the invention which has just been described makes it possible, in addition to preserving the dynamic characteristics of the rotors, to completely avoid gas leaks to the outside. It also eliminates seals and their auxiliary monitoring systems.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Groupe compresseur centrifuge, comprenant un moteur (34), au moins un compresseur (44 ; 44' , 44" ) comportant un arbre mené (54 ; 54' , 54") entraîné par le rotor (38) du moteur et un ensemble de roues à aubes montées sur l'arbre mené, l'ensemble constitué par le moteur et le compresseur étant monté dans un carter (55) commun étanche au gaz manipulé par le groupe compresseur, caractérisé en ce que le rotor et l'arbre mené sont liés par un accouplement flexible (72 ; 72' 72") disposé dans le carter. 1. Centrifugal compressor unit, comprising a motor (34), at least one compressor (44; 44 ', 44 ") comprising a driven shaft (54; 54', 54") driven by the rotor (38) of the motor and a set of impellers mounted on the driven shaft, the assembly consisting of the motor and the compressor being mounted in a common gas-tight casing (55) handled by the compressor unit, characterized in that the rotor and the shaft leads are linked by a flexible coupling (72; 72 '72 ") arranged in the housing.
2. Groupe compresseur selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le carter comporte plusieurs éléments de carter (55a, 55b) solidarisés entre eux de manière étanche, chaque élément de carter enfermant le moteur ou un compresseur.2. Compressor unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing comprises several casing elements (55a, 55b) secured to one another in leaktight manner, each casing element enclosing the motor or a compressor.
3. Groupe compresseur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le carter est pourvu d'un orifice (76) ménagé entre les éléments de carter adjacents pour l'accès à l'accouplement flexible, ledit orifice étant muni de moyens d'obturation étanche (78).3. Compressor unit according to claim 2, characterized in that the casing is provided with an orifice (76) formed between the adjacent casing elements for access to the flexible coupling, said orifice being provided with closure means waterproof (78).
4. Groupe compresseur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'accouplement flexible (72, 72' , 72") comporte un élément choisi parmi un accouplement à diaphragme, un accouplement à lame flexible, et un accouplement à arbre torsible.4. Compressor unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the flexible coupling (72, 72 ', 72 ") comprises an element chosen from a diaphragm coupling, a flexible blade coupling, and a coupling with twist shaft.
5. Groupe compresseur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que chaque extrémité de l'arbre mené et du rotor est supportée par un palier d'extrémité (40, 42, 55,5. Compressor unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that each end of the driven shaft and of the rotor is supported by an end bearing (40, 42, 55,
56).56).
6. Groupe compresseur selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que chaque palier d'extrémité (40, 42, 55, 56) est solidarisé au carter. 6. Compressor unit according to claim 5, characterized in that each end bearing (40, 42, 55, 56) is secured to the casing.
7. Groupe compresseur selon l'une des revendications 5 et 6, caractérisé en ce que les paliers d'extrémité sont des paliers magnétiques radiaux.7. Compressor unit according to one of claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the end bearings are radial magnetic bearings.
8. Groupe compresseur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une butée axiale (62) sur laquelle s'appuie l'arbre mené du compresseur, lors du fonctionnement du turbocompresseur.8. Compressor unit according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises an axial stop (62) on which the driven shaft of the compressor rests, during the operation of the turbocharger.
9. Groupe compresseur selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la butée axiale (62) est une butée magnétique. 9. Compressor unit according to claim 8, characterized in that the axial stop (62) is a magnetic stop.
EP03727579.9A 2003-03-10 2003-03-10 Integrated centrifugal compressor unit Expired - Lifetime EP1604115B8 (en)

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US20040179961A1 (en) 2004-09-16
NO20054198L (en) 2005-10-07
ES2586658T3 (en) 2016-10-18
CY1117875T1 (en) 2017-05-17
NO20054198D0 (en) 2005-09-09
NO339342B1 (en) 2016-11-28
WO2004083644A1 (en) 2004-09-30
AU2003233369A1 (en) 2004-10-11
EP1604115B8 (en) 2016-07-13
HUE029908T2 (en) 2017-04-28
EP1604115B1 (en) 2016-05-11
US7144226B2 (en) 2006-12-05
SI1604115T1 (en) 2016-10-28

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