EP1594784A1 - Printing machine for strip-like material - Google Patents

Abstract

The printing machine as at least one guiding element (710, 720) extending transversely in the transporting direction to guide a strip on a line with air-permeable micro-apertures. The guiding element associated to the single strip and inclined at 45 or 135 o to feed direction, and a folding cone (732) associated with the same strip, are provided with these micro-apertures in the area of interaction with the strip.

Description

description

Printing machine for sheet material

The invention relates to a printing machine for web-like material according to claims 1, 3 or 5.

From DE 93 11 113 U1 a printing unit with two web guiding elements is known, which are arranged in an inlet and an outlet area of a printing unit such that a web can be guided through the printing point without contact when the printing point is turned off. The web guiding elements are designed as rollers rotatably mounted in side walls.

US 37 44 693 A discloses a turning bar in one embodiment, a tube wall segment made of porous, air-permeable material together with a base body forming a closed pressure chamber. The porous segment forms a wall of the chamber and is load-bearing across its width - without a load-bearing base. In a second example, a segment having through bores is arranged instead of the porous segment.

US 54 23 468 A shows a guide element which has an inner body with bores and an outer body made of porous, air-permeable material. The holes in the inner body are only provided in the expected wrapping area.

EP 11 44 292 B1 discloses a guide element with a microporous, air-flowed material, which is designed, for example, as a guide in a coating device, in a remoistening system, in a dryer, in a web storage device or in a spreader device. DE 101 12416 C1 discloses a turning bar arrangement which has four turning bars which can be pivoted about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the incoming web. In a half-shell-like area of its outer surface, the turning bar has openings for the passage of compressed air.

The invention has for its object to provide a printing press for sheet material.

The object is achieved by the features of claims 1, 3 or 5.

The advantages that can be achieved with the invention consist in particular in avoiding damage to a printed and / or still wet web, in particular paper web, and at the same time to ensure the high requirements for precise and flutter-free guiding. Rotating guide and / or support elements that come into physical contact ensure precise guidance, but may damage the printed image. In particular, guiding and / or supporting elements are formed with the micro-openings in the area of a web which is still or again moistened, and at least two guiding elements which are arranged in the plane of the incoming web but inclined to the transport direction.

An air cushion created by means of micro-openings creates a high degree of homogeneity over the length of the air cushion with at the same time low losses. In contrast to rollers, there is no inertia to overcome, especially with varying speeds.

By means of air outlet openings with diameters in the millimeter range, forces (impulse of the beam) can be applied selectively to the material, by means of which the material is distant from the component concerned, or is applied to another component, while a Distribution of micro-openings with high hole density a wide support and primarily the effect of a trained air cushion comes into play. The cross-section of holes previously used was, for example, 1 to 3 mm, whereas for the micro-openings the cross-section was at least a power of ten smaller. This creates significantly different effects. For example, the distance between the surface supporting the openings and the web can be reduced, the volume flow of fluid can be significantly reduced, and thereby the leakage currents emerging outside the effective range with the web can be significantly reduced.

In contrast to components with openings or bores of opening cross sections in the range of millimeters and a hole spacing of several millimeters, a much more homogeneous surface structure is advantageously created when micro-openings are formed on the surface. Micro-openings are understood here to mean openings on the surface of the component which have a diameter of less than or equal to 500 μm, advantageously less than or equal to 300 μm, in particular less than or equal to 150 μm. A “hole density” for the area provided with the micro-openings is at least one micro-opening per 5 mm ² (= 0.20 / mm ² ), advantageously at least one micro-opening per 3.6 mm ² (= 0.28 / mm ² ). An excess pressure in the chamber of 0.5 to 2 bar, in particular of 0.5 to 1.0 bar, for example, is advantageous for the execution of the micro-openings as openings in micro-bores.

By designing the openings as micro-openings, the air cushion is evened out and the volume flow exiting per unit area is reduced in such a way that a leakage flow can also be reasonably small in areas not wrapped by the web.

The micro-openings can advantageously be designed as open pores on the surface of a porous, in particular microporous, air-permeable material or as openings of through-holes with a small cross-section, which are characterized by the Extend the wall of a feed chamber outwards. In another version, the micro-openings are designed as openings in continuous micro-holes.

In order to achieve a uniform distribution of air escaping on the surface of the material in the case of the use of microporous material, without simultaneously requiring high layer thicknesses of the material with high flow resistance, it is expedient for the guide and / or support element to have a firm, air-permeable element Has carrier on which the microporous material is applied as a layer. Such a carrier can be pressurized with compressed air, which flows out of the carrier through the microporous layer and thus forms an air cushion on the surface of the component.

This carrier can in turn be porous with a better air permeability than that of the microporous material; however, it can also be formed from a flat material or molded material which encloses a cavity and is provided with air passage openings. Combinations of these alternatives are also possible.

In order to achieve a uniform air distribution, it is also desirable that the thickness of the layer corresponds at least to the distance between adjacent openings of the carrier.

If micro-bores are used, an embodiment is advantageous, the side of the guide and / or support element facing the web and having the micro-openings being designed as one or more inserts in a carrier. In further training, the insert can be detachably and, if necessary, exchangeably connected to the carrier. This makes it possible to clean and / or replace inserts of different types of microperforations to adapt to different materials and web widths.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are in Described in more detail below.

1 shows an overview of a printing press;

Figure 2 is a schematic representation of webs of different widths.

Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a feed mechanism;

4 shows a printing unit;

Fig. 5 embodiments of a guide element a) to c);

Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of a superstructure with a folder;

7 shows a schematic representation of a turning bar having micro-openings on both sides;

8 shows a schematic illustration of a folding former having micro-openings;

9 is a partial section according to FIG. 8.

A printing machine, e.g. B. a printing machine for printing web-shaped material, in particular a web-fed rotary printing machine for printing on one or more webs B, has a plurality of units 100; 200; 300; 450; 500; 600; 700; 800; 900 for supply, printing and further processing. From Z. B. a roll unwinder 100, the web B to be printed, in particular paper web B, is unwound before it is fed via a feed unit 200 to one or more printing units 300. In addition to the printing units 300 (for example four pieces for four-color printing) provided as standard for multi-color printing, additional printing units can be used Printing units 300 may be provided, which can then also be used, for example, alternately with one or more of the other printing units 300 for the flying printing plate change.

In an advantageous embodiment, a painting unit 450 can be provided in the web path.

After printing and, if necessary, painting, the web B passes through a dryer 500 and, if appropriate, is cooled again in a cooling unit 600 if the drying takes place in a thermal manner. After the dryer 500, in or after the cooling unit 600, at least one further conditioning device, not shown in FIG. B. a coating device and / or rewetting can be provided. After cooling and / or conditioning, web B can be fed to a folder 800 via a superstructure 700. The superstructure 700 has at least one silicone mechanism (not shown in FIG. 1), a slitter and a turning device and a funnel unit. The above-mentioned silicone plant can also 700, z. B. in the area of the cooling unit 600. The superstructure 700 can furthermore have a perforating unit (not shown in FIG. 1), a gluing unit, a numbering unit and / or a plow fold. After passing through the superstructure 700, the web B or partial webs B1; B2 fed into a folder 800.

In an advantageous embodiment, the printing press additionally has a separate cross cutter 900, e.g. B. a so-called. Plano boom 900, in which, for example, a web B not guided through the folder 800 is cut into format sheets and optionally stacked or laid out.

The aggregates 100; 200; 300; 450; 500; 600; 700; 800; 900 of the printing press have an effective width transversely to the transport direction T of the web B, which the processing of webs B of a maximum width b (Fig. 2) of z. B. up to 1,000 mm allowed. The effective width here is the respective width or clear width of the components (eg roller, cylinder, feedthrough, sensor system, travel paths, etc.) which interact directly or indirectly with the web B; 200; 300; 450; 500; 600; 700; 800; 900 to understand, so that the full width b can be processed, conditioned and conveyed. The units 100; 200; 300; 450; 500; 600; 700; 800; 900 in their functionality (material supply, web transport, sensors, further processing) designed such that even partial webs B 'can be processed in the printing press down to a width b' of only 400 mm.

The aggregates 100; defining or processing a section length a; 200; 300; 450; 500; 600; 700; 800; 900 are designed in such a way that they define, for example, a section length a on web B lying between 540 and 700 mm. The section length a is advantageously between 540 and 630 mm. In a special version, the section length a is 620 ± 10 mm. In a further development of the printing press, the units 100; 200; 300; 450; 500; 600; 700; 800; 900 designed in such a way that with just a few changes, the printing press can be designed with a section length of 546 mm, 578 mm, 590 mm or 620 mm. For the change, for example, essentially only an interchangeability of bearing elements for printing unit cylinders (see below), an adaptation of the drive (see below) and an adaptation in the folder 800 or the cross cutter 900 (see below) are required in order to equip the same printing press for different formats , The section length a is, for example, standard with four standing printed pages, z. B. A4, in the transverse direction of the web B next to each other and two printed pages (for example a length s) in the longitudinal direction one behind the other. Depending on the printed image and subsequent processing in the superstructure 700 and folder 800, however, other page numbers per section length a are also possible.

After the web tension has already been preset in the roll changer 100 for trouble-free unwinding (sack formation and excessive tension is avoided), this takes place ultimately for the course of path B; B 'by the subsequent printing units 300 and subsequent units 450; 500; 600; 700; 800; 900 essential adjustment of the web tension and / or the lateral alignment of the web B; B 'in the feed mechanism 200.

For this purpose, the feed mechanism 200 has at least one device for setting the web tension and one device for lateral alignment (FIG. 3).

For the transport and the adjustment of the web tension, the feed mechanism 200 has a pull roller 202 driven by a drive motor 201. Slip is caused on the one hand by large looping of the pull roller 201 from 90 to 180 ° (by S-shaped course of the web B) and on the other hand by the pull roller 202 z. B. pneumatically adjustable rollers 203 avoided / reduced. Instead of the rollers 203, a pressing element 203 having micro-openings can also be arranged, through which compressed air flows through an air cushion between the web B; B 'and its surface forms. In this case, this applies to the basic structure and design of the micro-openings in connection with what has been said about the guide element 433 and / or 712 and / or folding former 732. The micro-openings can then be designed as open pores of porous material or as openings in micro-holes.

In one variant, the drive motor 201 can be designed to be regulated with respect to its moment, in which case the web tension can be set via the moment specified by a voltage regulation. In this case, the driven pull roller 202 can at the same time act as a device for adjusting the web tension over the applied moment. In the example, however, the drive motor 201 is regulated with respect to its speed. The speed to be set is z. B. predetermined by the machine control and / or by a web tension control, which specifies the desired speed against the background of the web tension to be achieved in relation to a subsequent, not shown tension roller. As a rule, the pull roller 202 lags behind and thus braking with the drive motor 201.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the web tension is determined and set using a device arranged downstream of the pull roller 202. For this purpose, the track B runs; B 'a positionally variable roller 204, in particular a dancer roller 204, and a measuring roller 206. The dancer roller 204 can be changed in position by means of a drive 207, for example a cylinder 207 which can be acted upon by pressure medium, and with a force against one by which Roll 204 wrapping web B; B ~ generated tensile force.

The feed mechanism 200 also has a web guiding system for the lateral alignment of the web B; B 'by means of a corresponding device, which means for lateral displacement 208, z. B. has a rotating frame 208 and a measuring device for detecting the position of the web edge 209. The measurement is carried out, for example, via a transmitter, a mirror and a receiver for the reflected beam. A control and / or regulating device 211, which is only indicated schematically in FIG. 3, is used to compare the actual value x-ist with a setpoint x-soll for the position of the web edge, which is predetermined, for example, by the machine control. If there is a deviation, the control and / or regulating device 211 issues an actuating command Δ compensating the deviation to a drive 212, which is only indicated schematically. In an advantageous development, the measuring device 209 can be changed in its axial position, for. B. remotely operated via a drive means. At the command from a control panel or automatically by the machine control, positioning can be carried out on the basis of information relating to a web width used for the planned production.

For multi-color printing on web B; B 'the printing press has several, e.g. B. at least four, here in particular five essentially identically equipped printing units 300. The printing units 300 are preferably next to one another arranged and are from the web B; B 'run horizontally. The printing unit 300 is preferably used as a printing unit 300 for offset printing, in particular as a double printing unit 300 or as an 1-printing unit with two printing units 301, e.g. B. two offset printing units 301 for double-sided printing in the so-called rubber-against-rubber operation. At least one of the printing units 300 are at least in the lower area, and optionally in the upper area, guide elements 302, e.g. B. rollers 302 upstream and downstream, by means of which an incoming web B; B 'can be guided around the printing unit 300 below or above, a web B guided around an upstream printing unit 300; B 'can be carried out by the printing unit 300, or a web B carried out by the printing unit 300; B 'can be guided around the downstream printing unit 300.

Fig. 4 shows schematically the arrangement of two over the web B; B 'interacting printing units 301, each with a cylinder 303 as a transfer cylinder and a cylinder 303 designed as a forme cylinder 304; 304, also as printing unit cylinder 303; 304, an inking unit 305 and a dampening unit 306. In an advantageous embodiment, the printing unit 300 has for each forme cylinder 304 devices for semi or fully automatic plate feeding 307 or changing a printing form 310.

In particular, if the printing press is to be suitable for an imprint operation, at least one or more printing units 300 have additional guide elements 308 closely before and after the nip point of the printing unit 300. Should a printing unit 300 be without printing and without contact between web B; B 'and transfer cylinders 303 are passed through, the path shown in broken lines in FIG. 4 using the guide elements 308 is advantageous. Bahn B; B 'passes through the nip point in such a way that it essentially forms an angle of 80 ° to 100 °, for. B. forms about 90 °. The guide elements 308 are preferably designed as air-flushed rods or rollers, as explained in more detail below. This reduces the risk of abrasion of previously freshly printed ink. In a development of the printing unit 301 shown, a washing device 309 is assigned to each transfer cylinder 303. The elastic surface of the transfer cylinder 303 can be cleaned by means of the washing device 309.

The cylinders 303; 304 each have a circumference between 540 and 700 mm, preferably forme and transfer cylinders 303; 304 have the same scope. The circumferences are advantageously between 540 and 630 mm. In a special version, the section length a is 620 ± 10 mm. In a further development, the printing unit 300 is designed such that cylinder 303; 304 with a circumference of 546 mm, 578 mm, 590 mm or 620 mm. For example, only an exchange of bearing elements or a changed position of the holes in the side gesture !! (and sprue; see below) for cylinders 303; 304 and an adjustment of the drive (lever, see below).

The transfer cylinder 303 has on its circumference at least one elevator, not shown, which is held in at least one channel running axially on the lateral surface. The transfer cylinder 303 preferably has only one over the effective length or essentially over the entire width of the web B to be printed; B 'reaching and essentially (except for a shock or a channel opening) extending around the entire circumference of the transfer cylinder 303 elevator. The elevator is preferably designed as a so-called metal printing blanket, which has an elastic layer (e.g. rubber) on an essentially dimensionally stable support layer, e.g. B. has a thin metal plate. The ends of this elevator are now inserted into the channel through an opening on the lateral surface and are held there in a frictional or positive manner. In the case of a metal printing blanket, the ends are bent / folded (e.g. in the area of its leading end by approx. 45 ° and in the area of its trailing end by approx. 135 °). These ends extend through an opening axially over the entire width to be used Transmission cylinder 303-reaching channel, which for example also has a locking, clamping or tensioning device. The opening to the channel in the region of the circumferential surface in the circumferential direction of the cylinder 303 preferably has a width of 1 to 5 mm, in particular less than or equal to 3 mm. The clamp is advantageously pneumatically actuated, for. B. as one or more pneumatically actuated levers, which are biased in the closed state by means of spring force against the trailing end reaching into the channel. A hose to which pressure medium can be applied can preferably be used as the actuating means.

The inking unit 305 has in addition to an ink feed 311, z. B. a paint box 311 with an actuator 312 for regulating the ink flow, a plurality of rollers 313 to 325. The ink feed 311 can also be designed as a doctor bar. With rollers 313 to 325 placed against one another, the ink passes from the ink fountain 311 via the inking roller 313, the film roller 314 and a first inking roller 315 to a first distribution cylinder 316. From there, depending on the mode of operation of the inking unit 305 (see below), the ink passes over at least an inking roller 317 to 320 on at least one further distribution cylinder 321; 324 and from there via at least one application roller 322; 323; 325 on the surface of the forme cylinder 304. In an advantageous embodiment, the ink from the first distribution cylinder 316 is optionally or simultaneously (in series or in parallel) via two further distribution cylinders 321; 324 to the application rollers 322; 323; 325. In an advantageous embodiment of the dyeing and dampening unit 305; 306, the second distribution cylinder 324 can simultaneously with a roller 328, for. B. applicator roller 328, the dampening unit 306 act together.

The roller 328 acts with a further roller 329 of the dampening unit 306, e.g. B. a rubbing roller 329, in particular an iridescent chrome roller 329 together. The chrome roller 329 receives the dampening solution from a dampening device, e.g. B. a roller 330, in particular an immersion roller 330, which in a fountain solution 332, z. B. a water tank. There is preferably one under the water tank Drip plate 335 arranged to collect condensation forming on the water tank, which can be heated in an advantageous embodiment, for. B. is carried out by means of a heating coil. For the friction roller 329 and the immersion roller 330, a rotary individual drive (not visible in FIG. 4), in particular a drive motor, is provided, which, for. B. the respective roller 329; 330 drives mechanically independently of one another in rotation. The drive motor is preferably embodied as an electric motor, in particular a three-phase motor, which can be regulated (in particular, steplessly). The setting of the speeds or the dampening can advantageously from the control center, for. B. from the color desk, where it is also displayed. In a preferred embodiment, the machine control has a correlation between machine speed and dampening or speed, by means of which the speed of the two rollers 329; 330, in particular the roller 330, can be predetermined.

The rollers 317; 318; In an advantageous embodiment, 328 are arranged to be movable in the manner indicated by solid and dashed lines. Under the mobility of the rollers 317; 318; 328 is not to be understood here as the customary adjustability given for adjustment purposes, but rather the operational mobility for switching from one to the other operating position. I.e. actuating means and / or stops (e.g. adjustable) which can be actuated manually or by drives are provided - both for one and for the other operating position. Furthermore, there is a larger permitted travel or the roller arrangement is selected accordingly so that the two positions can be reached by the usual travel.

In an advantageous embodiment, the chrome roller 329 and the roller 330 are each movable in a direction perpendicular to their axis, e.g. B. in levers, so that the position of the applicator roller 328 in o. G. Way is changeable.

In addition to the rollers 313 to 325 mentioned, the inking unit 305 advantageously has at least one a further roller 326, by means of which ink can be removed from the inking unit 305 in the ink path, in particular in front of the first distribution cylinder 316. This takes place in that a corresponding removal device 333 can be set on this roller 326 itself, or, as shown, on a roller 327 cooperating with it (FIG. 4).

The above-mentioned guide element 308 is preferably designed such that it is at least on its path B; B 'facing side of its surface has micro-openings through which air can flow. Micro-openings are understood here to mean openings on the surface of the component which have a diameter of less than or equal to 500 μm, advantageously less than or equal to 300 μm, in particular less than or equal to 150 μm. A “hole density” for the area provided with the micro-openings is at least one micro-opening per 5 mm ² (= 0.20 / mm ² ), advantageously at least one micro-opening per 3.6 mm ² (= 0.28 / mm ² ).

The micro-openings can advantageously be designed as open pores on the surface of a porous, in particular microporous, air-permeable material or as openings of through-holes with a small cross-section which extend through the wall of a supply chamber to the outside.

The guide element 308, as shown schematically in Fig. 5 a) to c), in a particularly advantageous embodiment has a base body 441 with an interior 442, z. B. a tubular base body 441 (Fig. 5 a)), which has in its wall 443 radially through openings 444 to the lateral surface. Through the interior 442 and the openings 444 gas is blown in operation, which z. B. is by a compressor, not shown, under a pressure P greater than the ambient pressure. The lateral surface of the base body 441 has, at least in the section provided with openings 444, porous material 446, a layer 446, made of a sintered material, in particular a sintered metal, which also covers the openings 444 and extends continuously over the surface with the web B; B 'cooperating area extends, that is continuous surface at least in the of the web B; B 'area intended for wrapping.

In another embodiment (FIGS. 5 b) and c)), the interior 442 is not formed by a base body 441 designed as a tube, but in a different geometry. The base body 441 is advantageously formed from a part-circular wall 443 (in particular with a fixed radius or radius of curvature R443 with respect to a fixed center point M443), which is closed on its open side by a cover 445. In FIG. 5 b) the pitch circle angle γ of the wall 443 having the openings is selected to be approximately 180 °. With this measure, the largest possible effective area can be achieved with, for example, a certain width b433 of the guide element 308 — for example a maximum width that is predetermined for reasons of installation space. For a desired or specified width b433, the radius R433 for the pitch circle (or the pipe as raw material) is selected on the basis of the required deflection (angle of change of direction of the path B; B ') and a corresponding pitch circle is removed. A deflection is thus as "soft" as possible and is supported by the air cushion in the largest possible area on the available installation space. In the illustration in FIG. 5 c), a partial circle angle γ is less than 180 °, for example between 10 ° and 150 °, in particular between, here approximately 90 °, In a preferred embodiment for use in the area of the nip points of the printing unit 300, the pitch circle angle γ is selected to be 10 ° to 45 °, in particular between 15 ° to 35 ° For example, b433 is selected to be 30 to 150 mm, in particular 50 to 110 mm. The radius of curvature R433 for wall 443 is, for example, between 120 and 150 mm, in particular between 140 and 200 mm. The layer can, as in FIG Cover 445 may be extended or just wall 443.

In a modification, wherein the microporous material 446 is not applied as a layer on a wall 443, but rather is designed as an essentially self-supporting wall 443, this forms, together with one, through its inner boundary surface then cover 445, designed as a support body 445, forms the interior 442, which acts as a pressure chamber. In Fig. 5 b) and / or c) the wall 443 is then omitted, the porous material having a corresponding wall thickness, for. B. at least 2 mm. This principle is also applicable to the guide and / or support elements mentioned in the description in connection with porous material, in particular to the guide element 308.

With the measure mentioned with respect to the pitch circle angle γ, the largest possible area of the air cushion which can act as a support can be achieved with a width b433 of the guide element 433 - for example a maximum width specified for reasons of installation space. For a desired or specified width b433, the radius R433 for the pitch circle (or the pipe as raw material) is selected on the basis of the required deflection (angle of change of direction of the path B; B ') and a corresponding pitch circle is removed. A deflection is thus as "soft" as possible and is supported by the air cushion in the largest possible area on the available installation space.

In an advantageous embodiment, the guide element 433 is designed in such a way that the pitch circle angle γ of the wall 443 is formed from the deflection angle desired for the web run to γ = α + δ, where δ is an addition for a safe run-up and run-off of the web B; B 'represents and z. B. between 0 ° and 50 °, in particular from 10 ° to 30 ". The radius of curvature R443 is then selected such that, taking into account the addition δ, the desired width b433 is maintained. The radius of curvature R443 is then R443 = M33 / (α * selected. With optimal use of space, a large effective area is created taking safety into account.

If deflection angles α of, for example, 120 ° are required, a semicircular profile or even a full circle can also be advantageous for reasons of simplification. In In this case, openings and / or layer 446 can encompass the full 360 ° angle or only a partial circle.

Fundamentally, there are also other profiles that deviate from partial circles for those with the train B; B 'interacting region of the wall 443 is conceivable, for example as a section of an ellipse, parabola or hyperbola. Here, the curve shape of the deflection can be optimized with regard to a “soft” deflection. However, the pitch circle shape has advantages in terms of standardization, material consumption and simplified production.

Compared to the formation of a guide element 308, the porous layer not being largely relined by a base body having openings, but instead being supported, for example, only like a bridge on a support in edge regions, the formation of a circular, part circle, elliptical, parabolic or hyperbolic Basic body directly under the layer in terms of production, dimensional stability, costs and handling great advantages. For this version, for example, at least half of the web B; B 'cooperating surface of layer 446 is underlaid by wall 443 and / or openings or free cross sections have a maximum clear width of 10 mm, in particular less than or equal to 5 mm.

The layer 446 is formed from a microporous material and is made gas-permeable. The gas permeability during production can be influenced by the average pore size, the ratio of open to closed pores etc.

In contrast to spaced-apart bores of larger diameter, the micro-openings ensure a radial flow which is very uniform over the surface. In the case of a fully circular design, the wall 443 can only be on the side of the path B; B ' for the wrap-around angular area (viewed in cross-section) have openings 444, the layer 446 then extending essentially over the same area, or the layer can be provided in the entire 360 ° area due to simpler manufacture (FIG. 5 a) shown in dashed lines).

In a version which differs from the part-circular design and can be used for all applications in the printing press, both openings 444 and layer 446 are provided in the entire 360 ° range of the guide element 433. The guiding element 433 can then be used for any wraps and web guides at various locations on the printing press, without the need for special manufacture and alignment.

In another, but not shown embodiment of the micro-openings, these are designed as openings through holes, in particular micro-holes, which are characterized by a z. B. formed as a pressure chamber interior 442 delimiting wall 441 to the outside. Here, the wall 441 has no microporous layer. The holes have z. B. a diameter (at least in the region of the openings) of less than or equal to 500 μm, advantageously less than or equal to 300 μm, in particular between 60 and 150 μm. The degree of opening is z. B. at 3% to 25%, especially at 5% to 15%. A hole density is at least 1 / (5 mm ² ), in particular at least 1 / mm ² up to 4 / mm ² . The wall 441 thus has, at least in one of the web B; B 'opposite area, a micro perforation. The microperforation advantageously extends over the area which is connected to the web B; B 'works together; however, as in the embodiment with porous layer 446, it can extend over the entire circumference of 360 ", since the losses are limited, as mentioned.

The designs described for the guide element 308 (full circle, partial circle, full or partial coating, microporous layer 446 or microbores and / or full or partial occupancy with openings in the circumference) are corresponding to the other i. V. m. Micro orifices called guide or support elements, such as. B. above-mentioned guide elements 308 of the printing unit 300, turning bars 712 described below, guide elements 501 of the dryer 500 and / or the elements otherwise mentioned in the description with reference to the micro-openings in the feed mechanism 200 of the web guide after the silicone mechanism 716 and in the superstructure 700 for guidance or support of track B; B 'as well as the former 732. The corresponding reference symbols in the figures must be exchanged for the radius, the width and the components.

Furthermore, in an advantageous further development, the printing unit 300 has a device for influencing the fan-out effect 336, ie. H. to influence a change in the transverse dimension / width of the web B caused, for example, by the printing process (in particular the moisture); B 'from pressure point to pressure point. For this purpose, at least one nozzle 338 is arranged on a traverse 337 in such a way that gas, in particular air, flowing out of it is directed onto the web B; B 'is directed. Bahn B; B 'is more or less corrugated when passing through this area depending on the strength of the current, which corrects the width b; b 'and the lateral alignment results in each partial area of the printed image. Axial side by side z. B. arranged at least five, in particular seven nozzles 338. The strength of the air flow, e.g. B. per nozzle 338, is preferably set by means of servo valves, not shown. For example, a pressure from 0 to maximum value can be assigned to each nozzle 338 manually, via a control or regulation. It is also possible to assign the same value to all nozzles 338, but by specifically selecting a subset (less than or equal to the total number of nozzles) of opened nozzles 338, the type and strength of the correction, i. H. adjust the ripple.

In an advantageous embodiment, the nozzles 338, at least the outermost nozzles 338 in each case, or all nozzles 338 are arranged on the crossbar 337 so as to be adjustable except for the one in the middle. The adjustability can be on Techniques to be adjusted manually (loosening and shifting, manually driven spindle (s) etc.) or by drives (e.g. motorized). The latter is particularly advantageous if the axial positioning or at least presetting is automatically carried out by the machine control on the basis of the intended width b; b 'of lane B; B 'is made.

The device for influencing the fan-out effect 336 receives its setting commands from a control, not shown, which in turn receives the measured values for the lateral position of the printed image / the printed images from downstream sensors.

In an advantageous variant of the device for influencing the fan-out effect 336, instead of nozzles 338, support elements 338 are arranged, each of which on its path B; B 'side facing a plurality of micro-openings to form an air cushion (see design corresponding to the surface of the guide element 308). Adjustment does not take place, for example, via the strength of an air jet, but with constant air passage via a movement perpendicular to the plane of the web B; B '.

After printing and any subsequent painting, the web B; B 'subjected to a drying process, for example. In principle, this can be done in different ways, e.g. B. purely convective, by infrared radiation, by hot air or by mixed forms of the methods mentioned.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, the dryer 500 is designed as a thermally active dryer 500.

To guide the printed web B; B 'has the dryer 500 at least one guide element 501 (indicated in Fig. 1), which in one embodiment z. B. as rollers, in particular as so-called "hedgehog rollers". In an advantageous embodiment, the Guiding elements, at least a first or more guiding elements 501 in the front area of the dryer 500, are designed as guiding elements to which compressed air is applied, such as micro-openings - microporous layer or micro-bores - in accordance with the explanations for the guiding elements 308. Damage to the fresh printed image is thus avoided.

After printing and any subsequent painting, drying and / or cooling, web B runs; B 'for further processing in the superstructure 700. The superstructure 700 comprises at least one longitudinal cutting device 701, a turning unit 702 and a funnel unit 703 (FIG. 6) as essential modules. 6 vertical supports between different levels as well as stairs and other structural measures are largely not shown for reasons of clarity. In a simplest standard version, the superstructure 700 is designed without a longitudinal cutting device 701 and turning unit 702 and only for a single-lane straight run of the web B; B 'provided.

The superstructure 700 can be functionally and / or structurally a web edge or web center control device with z. B. rotating frame 713 and sensors 714, a silicone movement 716 with two successively in contact with the web B; B 'bringable, each individually motor-driven applicator rollers, possibly a scanning device 717 for measuring the color density and possibly a perforating unit 718 (only indicated by dashed lines) and in particular be arranged upstream of the longitudinal cutting device 701. The arrangement of scanning heads 715 for the color register control on both sides of the web B is also advantageous; B '. Directly following the silicone plant 716, subsequent guide elements 720; 720 '(and possibly 710) or guide rollers 720; 720 '(and possibly 710), e.g. B. at least the guide roller 720 assigned to the scanning heads 715 can advantageously be designed as an air-flushed rod in one of the versions with micro-openings (see guide element 308 and / or 712). The micro-openings can then be designed as open pores of porous material or as openings in micro-holes. The slitter 701 is designed to feed the incoming web B; B 'in several partial webs, e.g. B. two partial webs B1; Cut B2 lengthways. For this purpose, it has at least one knife unit 705, which contains, for example, a knife 706, referred to as the lower knife 706, which, for example, through the path B; B 'into a groove of a counter knife 707, e.g. B. Known as upper knife 707 knife 707. The knife unit 705 is preferably designed as a scissor-cut knife. The counter knife 707 may also be designed as a roller 707. The counter knife 707, as a single knife or as a roller, can advantageously be designed as an air-washed support element or rod in one of the designs with micro-openings (see guide element 308 and / or 712). The micro-openings can then be designed as open pores of porous material or as openings in micro-holes. The lower knife 706 is preferably electrically driven independently of other units or knife units 705 by a motor and preferably has an advance in relation to the path B; B 'of 2 - 5%. The upper knife 707 is driven by friction with the lower knife 706. Possibly. can also have a positive drive connection between the lower and upper knife 706; 707 may be provided. In the case of several knife units 705, e.g. B. all individually driven and / or individually on / off. The knife unit 705 is preferably designed to be axially movable on a cross-member fixed to the frame. The axial alignment can be carried out using techniques that can be adjusted manually (loosening and moving, manually driven spindle (s) etc.) or, in an advantageous embodiment, by means of drives (e.g. motorized via spindles). The latter is particularly advantageous if the axial positioning or at least presetting is automatically carried out by the machine control on the basis of the intended width b; b 'of lane B; B 'and the product-specific cutting lines or from a control panel.

In a first embodiment (in addition to the simplest standard version), the longitudinal cutting device 701 has the entire web B to be printed in the printing press; B 'only one, e.g. B. Pneumatically adjustable knife unit 705. In a more variable version, each web is B; B 'two such knife units 705 axially next to each other and z. B. arranged individually adjustable by motor. In an even more versatile version or for machines of large width, a version with four knife units 705 arranged side by side and axially individually adjustable by motor is advantageous. Here, either from a web B; B 'up to five partial webs B1; B2 can be cut, or optionally three partial webs B1; B2, with the outer knife units 705 being able to trim the outer webs on their outer edges.

The superstructure 700 has an area downstream of the dryer 500 which may be present, e.g. B. at least before the possibly existing turning unit 702, a pulling device, for. B. a pull group, which includes at least one pull roller 708. The pull roller 708 is preferably mechanically independent of other units by its own drive motor, e.g. B. a servo motor. It is preferably regulated with respect to its speed and receives a setpoint based on a measured value (see below) and a z. B. specified by the machine control setpoint (or setpoint range) for the voltage. In a preferred embodiment, the pulling group has a plurality of rollers 709 arranged axially next to one another or a roller 709, which, for example in groups or preferably individually, can be pneumatically turned on or off the pulling roller 708. A variable web width can be taken into account with the individual on / off options. In one variant, the rollers 709 are designed as a plurality of pressure elements or continuous pressure elements (rotatable or fixed) in one of the versions with micro-openings (see guide element 308 and / or 712). The micro-openings can then be designed as open pores of porous material or as openings in micro-holes. In close proximity to this train group, the superstructure 700 has a measuring device 710 for determining the web tension, here a last guide roll 710, which is designed as a measuring roll 710, in front of the train group. The measuring device 710 is e.g. B. as a measuring roller or in trained in another way. The web tension is determined by means of the measuring device 710 and used for tension control.

The turning unit 702 has at least one turning deck 711, by means of which a partial web B1; B2 can be brought to another escape and / or toppled. It includes a pair of guide element 712 inclined to the transport direction T, e.g. B. turning bars 712. In an advantageous embodiment, two turning decks 711, d. H. two pairs of turning bars 712 to offset or topple two partial webs B1; B2 provided. The turning bars 712 of a pair can either be parallel to each other and 45 ° against the incoming web B; B 'can be arranged inclined (offset), or they are arranged perpendicular to each other and by 45 ° or 135 ° against the incoming web B; B 'inclined (falling and possibly offset). As shown in FIG. 6 for two turning decks 711, each turning deck 711 is preceded by at least one guide element 710, by means of which the partial web B1; B2 is fed to the turning deck 711. In addition, a further guide element 710 can be provided, by means of which a path of an uncut B; B 'or a partial web B1, B2 without turning - d. H. in the "straight line" - to the hopper unit 703. The guide element 710 is designed as a guide roller 710. It is either fixed but rotatable to the frame (not explicitly shown) or structurally fixed but rotatable to the associated turning deck 711.

The two turning decks 711 (or their turning bars 712) can be designed with the same width. It is advantageous here if the length of the turning bars 712 is projected to the incoming web B; B 'or partial web B1; B2 are dimensioned such that they have at least a three-quarter wide web B of the maximum width b of a full web B, e.g. B. at least 750 mm. This is also advantageous if only one reversible deck 711 is provided. In an advantageous variant for the design with two reversible decks 711, however, one of the reversible decks 711 with the width b, z. B. the three-quarter web B accordingly, and the other turning deck 711 smaller, z. B. at least two thirds of a full maximum path B; B 'in projection accordingly, e.g. B. approx. 666 to 680 mm. In this context, the length or width of the turning deck 711 is to be understood as the length of the jacket surface effective for guiding the web, to which pin, bearing, untreated jacket surface etc. may be added.

In an advantageous embodiment, all turning bars 712 are in the plane of the incoming web B; B 'can be pivoted or tilted by 90 °. A flying bearing of the turning bars 712, d. H. with a fixed and a free end. In a further development, the turning bars 712 are each assigned a means (not shown) which detects the current position of the turning bar 712 - tilted to the left or to the right - and reports it to the machine control or the control center of the machine. These can be initiators, for example, which are activated or deactivated mechanically (switches) or electromagnetically (induction, light barrier) as soon as the turning bar 712 is in one of the intended positions. The printer or a program can then check whether the turning bars 712 are in the position required for the planned production. An error signal can be output if the position of the turning bar 712 does not match the intended production (or web run).

In a preferred embodiment, each turning bar 712 is overall in one direction transverse to the incoming web B; B 'movably arranged in the superstructure 700. The turning bar 712 is hereby adapted to a product or a web run or width b; b 'of lane B; B 'positionable. The turning bar 712 is for this purpose on a carriage, not shown, for. B. a carriage, a so-called. Reversing carriage, arranged in a direction transverse to the incoming web B; B 'is movable. This is preferably done by means of a drive, not shown, for. B. an electric motor, via appropriate mechanics, for. B. a spindle drive, belt drive, linear drive). In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the turning bar 712, as already shown and described for the guide element 308 in FIG. 5, has a base body 723 with an interior space 727, e.g. B. a tubular base body 723, openings 728 and at least in the portion provided with openings 728 a microporous layer 729. Layer 729 covers openings 728 and extends continuously over that with web B; B 'cooperating area, thus forms a continuous surface at least in the path of the web B; B 'or partial web B1; B2 area intended for wrapping. The areas for openings 728 and layer 729 can in principle be selected in accordance with the variants mentioned for the guide element 308 (angular area, 360 ° area).

As mentioned above, in a version that is variable for use, the turning bar 712 can have openings 728 and the layer 729 in the full 360 ° range. So regardless of the inclination against the web B; B 'and regardless of the web guide, the same turning bar 712 is used.

As shown schematically in Fig. 7, in a preferred embodiment, a z. B. 90 ° in the plane of the incoming web B; B 'pivotable or tiltable turning bar 712 on the wall in the entire 360 ° range openings 728 and the layer 729. As shown, there is an air cushion between web B in each position of the turning bar 712; B 'and turning bar 712 guaranteed.

In the advantageous embodiment with at least two turning decks 711, ie at least four turning bars 712, all four turning bars 712 can be pivoted and moved transversely, so that for two partial webs B1; B2 there are various possibilities of turning and / or falling on one another. The turning bars 712 in the version with layer 729 or micro-openings on both with the partial web B1; B2 optionally interacting pages. Layer 729 is e.g. B. as in an embodiment of the guide element 308 described above made of a microporous material and is made gas permeable. In addition to the general properties of the material mentioned above, in principle the same material can be used for layer 729 and layer 446. However, the thickness, the pore sizes, the ratio between the closed and open outer surface and / or the average number of open pores per surface unit for the layer 729 and the layer 446 can differ from one another and can be specifically selected.

From the air outlet surface of the sintered material in the area of the - in particular pivotable - also turning bar 712 su occur per hour z. B. 1 - 20 standard cubic meters per m ² , in particular 2 to 15 standard cubic meters per m ^z . The air outlet of 3 to 7 standard cubic meters per m ² is particularly advantageous. The sintering surface is subjected to an overpressure of at least 1 bar, in particular more than 4 bar. It is particularly advantageous to apply an overpressure of 5 to 7 bar to the sintered surface. The turning bar 712 z. B. on an outer diameter of 60 - 100 mm.

A wall thickness of the base body 723 designed as a carrier tube 723 is, for. B. greater than 3 mm, in particular greater than 5 mm. In addition to the sheathing layer 729 above the openings 728, even porous material can also be located in the openings 728 of the carrier tube 723. The porous material outside the opening 728 has a layer thickness that is less than 1 mm. A layer thickness between 0.05 mm and 0.3 mm is particularly advantageous.

For the arrangement in the area of the turning bar 712, the air-permeable material of the outer surface advantageously has pores with an average pore size of 5-50 μm, in particular 10-30 μm. An opening degree on the outward surface of the porous material 729 is between 3% and 30%, preferably between 10% and 25%. In another embodiment (not shown), the micro-openings are designed as openings of micro-bores, which

In order to avoid repetitions, the designs for the air outlet, for the pressure, for the advantageous dimensioning of the outer diameter, wall thickness, layer thickness and / or pore size described for the turning bar 712 are applied in the same way to the guide elements 302 described above; 308 of the printing unit 300, the dryer 500 and / or the elements otherwise mentioned in the description with reference to the micro-openings in the feed mechanism 200 of the web guide after the silicone mechanism 716 and in the superstructure 700 for guiding or supporting the web B; B 'to apply. Likewise, for special applications, the explanations regarding the part-circular, elliptical, parabolic or hyperbolic configuration of the base body from the guide element 308 are to be applied to a special turning bar 712 or other elements.

Subordinate to the existing turning station 02, the web B runs; B 'or a strand of tracks B guided one on top of the other; B 'or partial webs B1; B2 into the hopper unit 703. Upstream of the funnel unit 703 is in an advantageous embodiment at least one register device 719, e.g. B. with a roller 721 movable along a web running direction, by means of a length of a web path from the slitter 701 to the hopper run-up. Is the superstructure 700 for processing two partial webs B1; B2, a register device is in principle sufficient to cover the two tracks B; B 'to align with each other in the longitudinal direction. However, it is advantageous to arrange two register devices 719, with each register device 719 having a measuring device for determining the cutting register 722, e.g. B. a scanning head is arranged downstream. With this and with the two register devices, the two partial webs B1; B2 are aligned with other, not shown partial webs (for example from a second line of printing units or a second web guided through the printing press) with respect to the cutting register before they z. B. can be combined with these in the hopper unit 703 to form a strand for further processing. The other sub-webs mentioned, not shown, can, for example, consist of a second line of printing units 300 or a second web B; B 'originate, with individual printing units 300 from the one web B; B 'and other printing units 300 from the second web B'; B z. B. bypassed by the guide elements 302. In the case of one for two lanes B; B 'designed superstructure 700 has, for example, twice the number, e.g. B. four, turning decks 711 and at least three register devices 719.

The hopper unit 703 has at least one roller 731, z. B. a hopper inlet or hopper pulling roller 731, at least one former 732 and a pair of folding rollers 733. The hopper pulling roller 731 is preferably mechanically independent of other units by its own drive motor, e.g. B. a servo motor. It is preferably regulated with respect to its speed and receives a setpoint based on a measured value (see below) and a z. B. specified by the machine control setpoint (or setpoint range) for the voltage. In a preferred embodiment, the funnel pulling roller 731 is assigned a plurality of rollers 734 arranged axially next to one another, which, for example, can be pneumatically switched on or off the roller 731 in groups or individually. In close proximity to this funnel pulling roller 731, the superstructure 700 can have a measuring device (not shown) for determining the web tension. The measuring device is e.g. B. designed as a measuring roller with measuring pin. The web tension is determined by means of the measuring device which may be present and used for tension control via the funnel pulling roller 731.

In an advantageous further development, the hopper pulling roller 731 is assigned a longitudinal cutting device 736, by means of which, for example, a central cut of an incoming web B; B 'is feasible. The longitudinal cutting device 736 can also be used as Use a perforating knife instead of a continuous blade. The longitudinal cutting device 736 is preferably formed from a, for example pneumatically adjustable / detachable, upper knife unit which, in the position of engagement, plunges with the blade into a circumferential groove of the hopper pulling roller 731.

In an alternative embodiment of the superstructure 700, the folding former 732 (with the former pulling roller 731) is not oriented as in FIG. 6 in such a way that webs B; B 'can be guided in a straight line from these, but the folding former 732 is transverse (approx. 90 °) to the running direction of the web B passing through the upstream units of the printing press; B 'oriented. In this case, the funnel pulling roller 732 is preceded by at least one deflecting rod, not shown, which is inclined at 45 ° to the direction of transport of the incoming web B; B 'is arranged in their plane.

Preferably, the or, in the case of a plurality of deflection rollers for a plurality of webs or partial webs, these are designed as a non-rotatable deflection rod in the manner of the turning rod 712 described, which has a microporous layer. The structure can be found in accordance with the explanations for the turning bars and FIGS. 5 a), b) or c).

8 shows a schematic section through an advantageous exemplary embodiment of the former 732 in the embodiment of the micro-openings as open pores of a porous material. The folding former 732 comprises two cheeks 737 (or legs 737) tapering towards one another downwards, and a pair of pulling or folding rollers 738 at the apex of the angle spanned by the cheeks 737. Bahn B; B 'is fed to the former 732 from above parallel to the plane of the drawing, and as it passes through the former 732, the side edges of the web B; B 'folded out of the plane of the drawing, so that a simply longitudinally folded web B; B '(or a corresponding strand of webs B; B' or partial webs B1; B2) results, which passes through the pair of drawing rollers 738 in the direction transverse to the plane of the drawing. The Folding takes place in the transition area or an edge between one of the not yet folded web B; B 'facing surface towards the area of the cheeks 737. In this area, train B experiences; B 'high friction without a reducing measure.

The cheeks 737 (and possibly an edge region of the not yet folded web B; B 'facing the surface) of this former 732 are each formed by a base body 741 (housing, e.g. made of sheet metal) that encloses an interior or cavity 740 that can be pressurized with compressed air ) formed, of which the path B; B 'facing side (s) is (are) often broken and carries a microporous layer 742. An air flow that flows from the interior through openings 743 in the wall of the base body 741 through the microporous layer 742 forms an air cushion on its surface, which provides direct contact between the cheeks 737 (or the surface near the edge) and the one to be conducted by them Lane B prevented. The web B therefore passes the former 732 smoothly and evenly without the risk of getting stuck or of web damage. Furthermore, the complete former 732, including a cover 739 connecting the two base bodies 741, can be implemented with a microporous layer 742.

In particular, an embodiment is advantageous in which the folding former 732 is designed with the openings 743 (openings) and the layer 742 in the kink region, ie in the region of the edge deflecting the web B. These openings 743 and the layer 742 can be arranged in the region of the cheeks 737 as well as in the edge region of the funnel surface, ie they can grip around the folded edge. This fold edge is advantageously not made with sharp edges, but rather has a radius with a radius R. FIG. 9 shows a section of an advantageous embodiment through one side of the former 732 with a cheek region. The “edge” effective for folding is formed by a base body 741 designed as a spar or a tube, which at least in its wrapping or contact area of the web B; B ′ Has openings 743 and is coated with the microporous layer 742. In principle, two such converging pipes 741 with corresponding bracing are sufficient to form the former 732. In the exemplary embodiment, the former 732 has the cover 739, for example, between the two spars. B. a sheet, in particular funnel sheet 739, which, as shown, is flush with the effective surface of the spar. However, it could also be from web B; B 'can be arranged offset "downward". This sheet, too, can be made wholly or partially with openings and the layer 742 and can be blown with compressed air from "below" out of a cavity (only indicated by dashed lines).

The two cavities 740 of the two cheeks 737 can each be closed individually, for. B. be formed by closed pipes. However, as shown in FIG. 8, the areas blown with compressed air and provided with the layer 742 and openings 743 combine to form a space in the area of a funnel nose 744. There too, at least in the area of the train B; B 'cooperating surfaces openings and the layer 742 arranged. In a variant to the representation in Fig. 8 - z. B. with a uniform coating - the cavity 740 in the nose area, however, be made separately from the cavity 740 of the leg areas and have their own supply of compressed air. The nose area and the thigh area can then be acted upon, for example, with different pressures (for example higher in the nose area).

In an embodiment of the former 732, which is shown in broken lines and shown in brackets, microporous materials of different properties and / or layer thickness are used for the layer 742 in different areas of the former 732. This also applies to the case of micro-bores for different diameters and / or different hole densities. The layer 742 'in the nose area is formed such that, for. B. the exiting air flow per unit area is greater than in the cheek or leg area of the former 732. Thus, the nose area For example, a layer 742 'of a material whose average pore size is larger, the proportion of open outer surface per unit area larger and / or the layer thickness is smaller than in the material of the layer 742 in the region of the legs 737. The air-permeable material of the leg regions has, for example, pores with average size of 10 - 30 microns and the area of the nose for example 25 to 60 microns. As shown, the areas of the different layers 742; 742 'can be supplied with compressed air via a common chamber (cavity 740). However, separate chambers can also be provided for this purpose, which can then optionally be pressurized with compressed air of different pressures. As a result (variation in pore size and / or pressure and / or number of openings 743 per unit area), the air outlet in the area of the legs 737 is, for example, 2 to 15 standard cubic meters per m ² and that in the nose area is 7 to 20 standard cubic meters per m ² the condition that the latter is larger than the former.

The folding former 732 preferably has the openings 743 both in the aforementioned “edge region” on the side of the cheeks 737 and in the region of the surface facing the unfolded web B; B ′, in particular also in the region of the nose 744 on the nose surface and in the apex surface and layer 742.

The explanations for the illustrated former 732 are to be applied analogously to the execution by means of microbores, the microbores then taking the place of the openings 743 and the porous layer 742 being eliminated.

The rollers of the pair of folding rollers 738 are individually adjustable in their spreading angle in a direction perpendicular to the strand. Furthermore, the pair of folding rollers 738 is designed jointly or its rollers are individually adjustable along the strand towards the folding funnel 732 or away from it. The former 732 is individually or together with the pair of rollers 733 in the horizontal in and against the direction of the web B entering the folding unit; B 'arranged movably. The pair of folding rollers 738 is, e.g. B. for the removal of air cushions, a further roller 746 downstream with each strand side, with which the strand interacts in succession in a slightly S-shaped guide.

In an advantageous embodiment of the printing press, it has different connections with web B; B 'interacting points guide and / or support elements with micro-openings to form an air cushion. It is particularly advantageous to have guide and / or support elements in the region of a web B which is still or re-moistened; B '(guide element 308 in the printing unit 300, guide element 501 in the dryer 500, guide rollers 710; 720; 720' according to silicone plant 716, upper knife 707 and / or rollers or a roller 709 of the pull group) and at least two guide elements 712, which in the Plane of the incoming web B; B ', but inclined to the direction of transport T, to form with the micro-openings.

In an advantageous embodiment, at least two turning bars 712 in the superstructure, as well as at least two guide elements 308 in at least one printing unit 300 and at least one guide element 308 in another printing unit 300 are designed with micro-openings. In embodiments of the printing press with dryer 500, at least the first with the web B; B 'interacting guide element 501 in the dryer 500 can be designed with micro-openings.

For all of the expansion stages mentioned, an advantageous supplement can be to design at least cheeks 737 of a former 732 with micro-openings. In this case, the micro-openings of the former 732 with respect to the air passage can be different - in particular higher - to the micro-openings of guide elements 308, 710; 720; 720 'over which the web B; B 'is guided in a straight line, ie is aligned at a 90 ° angle transversely to the transport direction T. Of the latter guide elements 308, 710; 720; 720 'can also view the micro openings of the Differentiate transport direction in particular by 45 "inclined guide elements 712. The air outlet should then be greater in the latter. The differences in the air outlet in the case of the porous material are determined, for example, by the average pore size, the layer thickness and / or the hole density of the underlying body 441; 723. In the case of microbores, these are the diameter and / or the hole density.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

100 unit, roll handling

200 unit, feed mechanism

201 drive motor

202 pull roller

203 roller, pressure element

204 roller, dancer roller 205

206 measuring roller

207 drive, cylinder

208 Means for lateral displacement, rotating frame

209 Measuring device for detecting the position of the web edge 210

211 control and / or regulating device

212 drive

300 unit, printing unit, double printing unit

301 printing unit, offset printing unit

302 guide element, roller

303 cylinders, transfer cylinders, printing unit cylinders

304 cylinders, forme cylinders, printing unit cylinders

305 inking unit

306 dampening system

307 devices for semi or fully automatic plate feeding

308 guide element

309 washing device

310 printing form, printing plate

311 ink feed, ink fountain

312 actuator 313 roller, duct roller

314 roller, film roller

315 roller, ink roller

316 roller, distribution cylinder

317 roller, ink roller

318 roller, ink roller

319 roller, ink roller

320 roller, ink roller

321 roller, distribution cylinder

322 roller, applicator roller

323 roller, applicator roller

324 roller, distribution cylinder

325 roller, applicator roller

326 roller

327 roller

328 roller, applicator roller

329 roller, friction roller, chrome roller

330 roller, dip roller

331 -

332 fountain solution

333 removal device

334

335 drip tray

336 Device for influencing the fan-out effect

337 traverse

338 nozzle, support element

441 basic body

442 interior

443 wall 444 opening

445 cover, supporting body

446 layer, material, porous

450 unit, coating unit

500 unit, dryer

501 guide element

600 unit, cooling unit

700 unit, superstructure

701 slitter

702 turning unit

703 funnel unit

704 -

705 knife unit

706 lower knife, knife

707 counter knife, top knife, knife, roller

708 pull roller

709 roll, roller

710 guide element, guide roller

710 'guide element, guide roller

711 reversible deck

712 guide element, turning bar

713 rotating frame

714 sensors

715 readhead

716 silicone movement

717 scanner

718 perforating unit

719 register device

720 guide element, guide roller 720 'guide element, guide roller

721 roller

722 Measuring device for determining the cutting register

723 basic body, support tube

724 -

725 -

726 -

727 interior

728 opening

729 shift

730 -

731 roller, hopper inlet roller, hopper pull roller

732 former

733 folding roller

734 roll

735 -

736 slitter

737 cheek, thigh

738 pair of pulling or folding rollers

739 cover

740 cavity, interior

741 basic body

742 layer, microporous

742 'layer, microporous

743 opening

744 funnel nose

745 -

746 roller

800 unit, folder 900 units, cross cutter, piano boom

B web, paper web

B 'web, paper web

T direction of transport

B1 partial lane

B2 partial web

R443 radius, radius of curvature

M443 center point

a section length s length

b width (B) b 'width (B')

b433 width

x-actual value x-setpoint

Δ command

Y pitch circle angle

Claims

Expectations

1. Printing machine with at least one guide element (308; 501; 710; 720; 720 '), which extends transversely to the transport direction (T) of the web (B; B') for guiding it in a straight line, and which on it with the web (B; B ') interacting surface has air-flowable micro-openings, characterized in that a guide element (712.) Which is assigned to the same path (B; B') and is inclined by 45 ° or 135 "to the running direction of the path (B; B ') ) and a folding former (732) assigned to the same web (B; B ') each have micro-openings through which air can flow, in a region which interacts with the web (B; B').

2. Printing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that a micro-opening guide element (308) is arranged in an input area and in an outlet area of a printing unit (300).

3. Printing machine with at least one guide element (308; 501; 710; 720; 720 '), which extends transversely to the transport direction (T) of the web (B; B') for guiding it in the straight line, and which on it with the web (B; B ') interacting surface has air-flowable micro-openings, characterized in that such a guide element (308) intended for straight-ahead travel is arranged in an input area and in an exit area of a printing unit (300) and one of the same web (B; B ') assigned guide element (712) inclined to the running direction of the web (B; B') by 45 ° or 135 ° at least in an area which can interact with the web (B; B ') and has air-flowable micro-openings.

4. Printing machine according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the printing machine a turning unit (702) with at least four micro-opening turning bars (712) for guiding two partial webs (B1; B2) which can be brought into a position inclined at 45 "and 135" to a transport direction (T) of an incoming partial web (B1; B2).

5. Printing machine with a turning unit (702), which has at least four turning bars (712) for guiding two partial webs (B1; B2), each of which is optionally inclined at a position of 45 ° and 135 ° to a transport direction (T) of an incoming one Partial web (B1; B2) can be brought, characterized in that they each have air openings through which air can flow through in a region which interacts with the web (B; B ').

6. Printing machine according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that one of the same web (B; B ') assigned, arranged in a dryer (500) guide element (501) in one with the web (B; B' ) cooperating area has air openings through which micro-openings can flow.

7. Printing machine according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a guide element (720; 720 '; 710) which is assigned to the same web (B; B') and is arranged downstream of a silicone unit (716) and is arranged upstream of a longitudinal cutting device (701) ) has micro-openings through which air can flow, in a region which interacts with the web (B; B ').

8. Printing machine according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the micro-openings are designed as open pores of an air-flowed porous material (446; 729; 742).

9. Printing machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the pores of the fluid-permeable porous material (446; 729; 742) have an average diameter of 5 to 50 microns, in particular 10-30 microns

10. Printing machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the porous material (446; 729; 742) is designed as an open-pore sintered material, in particular as a sintered metal.

11. Printing machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the microporous material (446; 729; 742) is designed as a substantially self-supporting hollow body, which forms at least one inner space (442; 727; 740) effective as a pressure chamber through its inner boundary surface.

12. Printing machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the microporous material (446; 729; 742) is designed as a substantially self-supporting wall, which by its inner boundary surface together with a support body (445) at least one inner space (442; 727; 740).

13. Printing machine according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the porous material (446; 729; 742) has a wall thickness of at least 2 mm.

14. Printing machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the microporous material (446; 729; 742) is designed as a layer (446; 729; 742) on a load-bearing, but at least partially air-permeable base body (441; 723; 741).

15. Printing machine according to claim 14, characterized in that the base body (441; 723; 741) on its side facing the layer (446; 729; 742) has at least one supporting surface connected to the layer (446; 729; 742) and a plurality openings (444; 728; 743) for the introduction of air into the layer (446; 729; 742).

16. Printing machine according to claim 14, characterized in that the layer (446; 729; 742) in the region of the wing has a thickness of less than 1 mm, in particular from 0.05 mm to 0.3 mm.

17. Printing machine according to claim 14, characterized in that the base body (441; 723; 741) on its with the layer (446; 729; 742) cooperating width and length each have a plurality, in particular non-contiguous, openings (444; 728 ; 743).

18. Printing machine according to claim 14, characterized in that a wall thickness of the base body (441; 723; 741) is greater than 3 mm, in particular greater than 5 mm, at least in the area bearing the layer (446; 729; 742).

19. Printing machine according to claim 8, characterized in that an opening degree on the outward-facing surface of the porous material (446; 729; 742) is between 3% and 30%, preferably between 10% and 25%.

20. Printing machine according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the micro-openings are designed as outwardly directed openings of micro-holes in a wall of the web (B; B ') facing a hollow body enclosing a cavity.

21. Printing machine according to claim 20, characterized in that a diameter of the microbores is less than or equal to 300 μm, in particular between 60 and 150 μm.

22. Printing machine according to claim 20, characterized in that a hole density, ie a number of openings per unit area, for the surface provided with the micro-openings is at least 0.2 / mm ² .

23. Printing machine according to claim 8, characterized in that

1 - 20 standard cubic meters of air per hour emerge on a square meter of the lateral surface with the micro-openings.

24. Printing machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the porous material (446; 729; 742) is acted upon from the inside with at least 1 bar overpressure.

25. Printing machine according to claim 20, characterized in that the microbores are acted upon from the inside with 0.5 to 2 bar, in particular from 0.5 to 1, 0 bar overpressure.

26. Printing machine according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the turning unit (702) is preceded by a longitudinal cutting device (701) with at least one knife (706; 707) movable transversely to the transport direction (T) of the web (B; B ').

27. Printing machine according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the turning unit (702) has two register devices (719) arranged downstream.

28. Printing machine according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the inclined guide element (712) can optionally be brought into a position inclined by 45 ° and 135 ° to a transport direction of an incoming partial web (B1; B2).

29. Printing machine according to claim 4 or 28, that the guide element (712) in each of the two layers both on a side wrapped by the web (B; B '), facing the web (B; B'), and on an opposite, facing away micro-openings.

30. Printing machine according to claim 4 or 28, that in each of the two layers both on a side wrapped by the web (B; B ') facing the web (B; B'), as well as on an opposite, facing side of the guide element (712) the air emerges from the micro-openings provided there.

31. Printing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the micro-openings of the former (732) differ with respect to the air passage, in particular with a higher air passage, compared to the micro-openings of guide elements (308, 710; 720; 720 ') for the straight run and / or of inclined guide elements (712).

32. Printing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that micro-openings of inclined guide elements (712) with respect to the air passage differ, in particular with a higher air passage, compared to the micro-openings of guide elements (308, 710; 720; 720 ') for straight running are.

33. Printing machine according to one of claims 31 or 32 and claim 8, characterized in that the different air passage is achieved by different microporous material (446; 729; 742), by different layer thickness and / or by a different pressure.

34. Printing machine according to one of claims 31 or 32 and claim 20, characterized in that the different air passage is achieved by a different hole density, a different hole diameter and / or a different pressure.