EP1594645A2 - Bandes de recuit en m tal r fractaire - Google Patents

Bandes de recuit en m tal r fractaire

Info

Publication number
EP1594645A2
EP1594645A2 EP04706985A EP04706985A EP1594645A2 EP 1594645 A2 EP1594645 A2 EP 1594645A2 EP 04706985 A EP04706985 A EP 04706985A EP 04706985 A EP04706985 A EP 04706985A EP 1594645 A2 EP1594645 A2 EP 1594645A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
annealing
powder
band
annealing band
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04706985A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Prabhat Kumar
John Durham
Richard R. Malen
Howard V. Goldberg
Henning Uhlenhut
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Materion Newton Inc
Original Assignee
HC Starck Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by HC Starck Inc filed Critical HC Starck Inc
Publication of EP1594645A2 publication Critical patent/EP1594645A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/003—Articles made for being fractured or separated into parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/006—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of flat products, e.g. sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C21D9/62—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with direct resistance heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
    • C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0031—Matrix based on refractory metals, W, Mo, Nb, Hf, Ta, Zr, Ti, V or alloys thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F2005/002—Tools other than cutting tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps

Definitions

  • An annealing wheel assembly can be a water cool hub and plate on one side, and a second plate that bolts to the assembly with the annealing band covering the hub. It looks similar to a pulley and fan belt, with the wire being the belt.
  • Nickel or nickel alloys are ordinarily used to make annealing bands.
  • wire manufacturers report that the lifetime of currently used annealing bands is very short and that frequent replacements of annealing bands are necessary.
  • Wear mechanisms include friction between the wheel (shive) and the wire and arcing due to the voltage drop between the band and the wire.
  • the equipment needs to be shut down, which constitutes two problems: loss of manufacturing time and interruption of a continuous process.
  • the invention relates to a process for making an annealing band that involves the steps of (a) producing a refractory metal powder; (b) optionally blending the powder with an oxide component or a nitride component or a carbide component; (c) consolidating the powder or powder blend and forming a consolidated powder component; (d) subjecting the consolidated powder component to thermo- mechanical treatment and forming a sheet, or tube; (e) cutting the sheet, or tube into a strip, or ring; and (f) forming an annealing band from the strip, in which the annealing band excludes an annealing band consisting of copper and niobium.
  • the invention also relates to a member comprising a refractory metal annealing band, in which the annealing band excludes an annealing band consisting of copper and niobium
  • the invention also relates to a process for annealing a metal wire that involves the steps of (a) providing two annealing wheel assemblies (an annealing shive), in which each comprising a first annealing wheel(shive body), a second annealing wheel (shive plate)and an annealing band such that the first annealing wheel and the second annealing wheel that are attached to each other each have a refractory metal annealing band, located between the first annealing wheel and the second annealing wheel, for providing a contact area for a wire; (b) passing a wire over the annealing bands of both annealing wheel assemblies; (c) applying a voltage between the first annealing band (a current from the shive body, through the annealing band
  • the invention also relates to a two-step process for making an annealing band that involves the steps of (a) cutting a sheet into a strip; and (b) forming an annealing band from the strip; in which the metal sheet has been formed by subjecting a consolidated powder component to thermomechanical treatment; the consolidated powder component has been formed by consolidating a refractory metal powder into the consolidated powder component; and the powder has been optionally blended with an oxide component or a nitride component or a carbide component before it has been consolidated, in which the annealing band excludes an annealing band consisting of copper and niobium .
  • the invention also relates to a one-step process for making an annealing band comprising forming an annealing band from the strip, in which the strip has been cut from a sheet that has been formed by subjecting the consolidated powder component to thermomechanical treatment; the consolidated powder component has been formed by consolidating a refractory metal powder into the consolidated powder component, in
  • the invention also relates to a member comprising a refractory metal annealing band, in which the refractory metal is selected from the group consisting of (a) niobium, (b) tantalum, (c) molybdenum, (d) tungsten, (e) niobium alloys, (f) tantalum alloys, (g) molybdenum alloys, (h) tungsten alloys, (i) alloys of (1) a refractory metal and (2) a non-refractory metal selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, titanium, iron, cobalt, and ) combinations thereof, such that the annealing band has a thickness ranging from about 0.01" to about 0.5", a width ranging from about 0.25" to about 10", a diameter ranging from about 1.5" to about 6 ft, in which the annealing band excludes an annealing band consisting of copper and niobium.
  • the annealing band excludes an
  • Fig. 1 shows a side view of an annealing band
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the annealing band shown in Fig. 1 ;
  • Fig. 3 shows a side view of an annealing wheel assembly containing the annealing band
  • Fig. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the annealing wheel assembly shown in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 shows a side view of a continuous gap-free annealing band of this invention.
  • Fig. 6 shows an anneling band with a gap in a non-destructive position.
  • Fig. 7 shows an annealing band with a gap in a destructive position.
  • the invention relates to a process for making an annealing band. The process involves the steps of (a) producing a refractory metal powder; (b) optionally blending the powder with an oxide component or a nitride component or a carbide component; (c) consolidating the powder or powder blend and forming a consolidated powder component; (d) subjecting the consolidated powder component to thermomechanical treatment and forming a sheet or tube; (e) cutting the sheet, or tube into a strip, or ring; and (f) forming an annealing band from the strip, in which the annealing band excludes an annealing band consisting of copper and niobium
  • the refractory metal powder used in the invention can be any refractory metal powder, which when subjected to the treatment steps of the invention, produces an annealing band of the invention.
  • Suitable refractory metal powders include those made from (a) niobium, (b) tantalum, (c) molybdenum, (d) tungsten, (e) niobium alloys, (f) tantalum alloys, (g) molybdenum alloys, (h) tungsten alloys, (i) alloys of (1) a refractory metal and (2) a non-refractory metal selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, titanium, iron, cobalt, and (j) combinations thereof.
  • the term "refractory metal” can apply to refractory metals, refractory metal alloys, or combinations of refractory metals and refractory metal alloys.
  • the refractory metal powder includes powders of tantalum, niobium or alloys of tantalum or niobium having an oxygen content of less than about 300 ppm, preferably below 200 ppm and more preferably below 100 ppm.
  • Such a powder can be made by a process that involves the steps of (i) providing a minus 100 mesh (or minus 60 mesh) hydride powder of a first metal selected from the group consisting of tantalum, niobium, and alloys of such metals with each other or one or both of them with other metals, (ii) heating the hydride of the first metal in the presence of a metal having a higher affinity for oxygen than the first metal's affinity to remove hydrogen and oxygen in a single heating cycle, (iii) then removing the metal having a higher affinity for oxygen from the metal, and (iv) thereby forming a powder of the first metal with an oxygen content of less than 300 ppm.
  • a minus 100 mesh (or minus 60 mesh) hydride powder of a first metal selected from the group consisting of tantalum, niobium, and alloys of such metals with each other or one or both of them with other metals ii) heating the hydride of the first metal in the presence of
  • the refractory metal powder is blended with an oxide component or a nitride component or a carbide component before it is consolidated.
  • Suitable oxides include stable oxides in the selected metal system. Examples of stable oxides include but are not limited to magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, calcium oxide, and combinations of such oxides. The amount at which such oxides can be used is at least about 5 ppm and can range from about 5 ppm to about 1000 ppm or from about 10 to about 500 ppm.
  • Suitable nitrides include stable oxides in the selected metal system.
  • nitrides examples include but are not limited to niobium nitride, tantalum nitride, zirconium nitride, hafnium nitride, and combinations thereof.
  • the amount at which such nitrides can be used is at least about 5 ppm and can range from about 5 ppm to about 1000 ppm or from about 10 ppm to about 500 ppm.
  • Suitable carbides include those carbides that are stable in the selected metal system.
  • stable carbides include, but are not limited to: TaC, NbC, WC, HfC, ZrC, TiC, and combinations of such carbides
  • the amount at which such carbides can be used is at least about 10 ppm, and can range from about 5 ppm to about 1000 ppm or from about 10 ppm to about 500 ppm.
  • the powder can be consolidated by any process that enables the refractory metal powder to be subjected to the treatment steps of the invention so that an annealing band of the invention can be made. Examples of suitable processes include extrusion processes, hot isostatic pressing processes, pressing and sintering processes, and combinations of the foregoing. When extrusion is selected, the powder is consolidated at a temperature ranging from about room temperature (25°C) to about
  • the reduction in area of the process before extrusion and after extrusion can range from about 5:1 to about 20:1. In one preferred embodiment, the reduction in area of the process before extrusion and after extrusion is about 9:1.
  • the powder is optionally subjected to a pressing step.
  • the hot isostatic pressing step is carried out by placing the powder in a hot isostatic pressing can, optionally coated with a barrier layer such as molybdenum, evacuating the can, placing the can in a hot isostatic press vessel, and subjecting the vessel to hot isostatic pressing conditions at a pressure ranging from about 10 ksi to about 45 ksi, for a period ranging from about 1 hour to about 10 hours, at a temperature ranging from about 1500°F (about 815°C) to about 2600°F (about 1427°C), preferably at least about 30 ksi for about 6 hours at 2300°F (about 1260°C).
  • the powder is consolidated by pressing and sintering steps, it is possible to use uniaxial pressing processes, cold isostatic pressing processes, and combinations of such processes.
  • the pressed powder instead of subjecting the pressed powder to a sintering step, the pressed powder is subjected to resistance sintering conditions, in which an electrical current passes through the powder to create sufficient heat to sinter the metal powder.
  • the dimensions of the consolidated powder component can vary depending on the application. Generally, the length of the consolidated powder component is at least about 4" (about 10 cm), the width of the consolidated powder component is at least about 2" (about 5 cm), and the height of the consolidated powder component is at least about 2" (about 5 cm). In another embodiment, the length of the consolidated powder component ranges from about 4" (about 10 cm) to about 40" (about 101 cm) preferably from about about 4" (about 10 cm) to about 30 ft (914 cm). In another embodiment, the width of the consolidated powder component ranges from about 0.5" (about 1.3 cm) to about 3" (about 7.6 cm), preferably from about 0.5" (about 1.3 cm) to about 40 "(1219 cm).
  • the height of the consolidated powder component ranges from about 0.5" (about 1.3 cm) to about 3" (7.6 cm), preferably from about 0.5 " (about 1.3") to about 40" (about 1219 cm).
  • the thermomechanical treatment step involves a combination of forging, rolling, and annealing steps.
  • the forging step can be carried out under any conditions that enables the annealing band of the invention to be formed.
  • the forging step is carried out at a temperature ranging from about room temperature to about 1800°F, preferably at room temperature, into a sheet bar having a thickness ranging from about 0.5" to about 15" (about 1.3 cm to about 38 cm), a width ranging from about 2" to about 60" (about 5 cm to about 152 cm) and a length ranging from about 2" to about 30 ft. (about 5 cm to about 914 cm).
  • the sheet bar has a thickness of about 1.5 inches, a width of about 4.5 inches, and a length of about 40 inches (102 cm).
  • the rolling step can be carried out under any conditions that enables the annealing band of the invention to be formed.
  • the rolling step generally involves rolling a sheet bar into a sheet having a thickness ranging from about 0.010" to about 0.5" (about 0.03 cm to about 1.3 cm), a width ranging from about 0.25" to about 60" (about 0.64 cm to about 152 cm), and a length ranging from about 5" to about 100 ft. (about 12.7 cm to about 3048 cm).
  • the sheet has a thickness of about 4 millimeters, a width of about 30 inches, and a length of about 5 feet (about 152.4 cm).
  • the annealing step can be carried out under any conditions that enables the annealing band of the invention to be formed. Generally, the annealing step is carried out at a temperature ranging from about 850°C to about 2000 °C, preferably from about 1000 to about 1400°C. In one embodiment, the process further includes at least one intermediate annealing step. Preferably, the annealing step is carried out after about a 70% to 90% total deformation. For example, when the consolidated powder component is rolled and its thickness is reduced to about 80% of its original thickness, an intermediate annealing step can be carried out before performing the forging step. The sheet is cut into a strip having a thickness ranging from about 0.01"
  • the strip is a niobium strip having a hardness ranging from about 60 Vickers to about 200 Vickers.
  • the strip is a molybdenum strip having a hardness ranging from about 190 Vickers to about 400 Vickers.
  • the strip is a tungsten strip having a hardness ranging from about 300 Vickers to about 600 Vickers.
  • the annealing band is formed by placing the strip on a three point bender or any other method from which annealing band can be formed from the strip.
  • an annealing band of this invention can be made from Ingot Metallurgy (l/M) techniques.
  • the annealing band of the invention is made from (a) niobium, (b) tantalum, (c) molybdenum, (d) tungsten, (e) niobium alloys, (f) tantalum alloys, (g) molybdenum alloys, (h) tungsten alloys, (i) alloys of (1) a refractory metal and (2) a non-refractory metal selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, titanium, iron, cobalt, and (j) combinations thereof.
  • the annealing band can be attached to an annealing wheel assembly of an in-line annealer.
  • the annealing band When used in an in-line annealer, the annealing band remains useful for a period of more than 36 hours of continuous operation of the annealer, or for a period of more than 160 hours, or more, of continuous operation of the annealer. In one embodiment, the annealing band remains useful for a period ranging from more than 36 to about 160 hours of continuous operation of the annealer.
  • the annealing bands are "useful,” it means that the annealing bands can anneal wire in an in-line annealer continuously without requiring replacement of the annealing band and without shutting down the in-line annealer (Or the processing line).
  • the annealing bands of the invention preferably have a high arc resistance, which is related to high melting point and is believed to be an advantageous property in annealing bands.
  • the annealing bands preferably are not soluble with the wire that touches the annealing band at high temperature, e.g., copper wire.
  • the dimensions of the annealing band are such that that the annealing band can be used in a wire-making machine that uses an annealing band.
  • the annealing band has a thickness ranging from about 0.01" to about 0.5", a width ranging from about 0.25" to about 10", and a diameter ranging from about 1.5" to about 6 ft.
  • the annealing band has a thickness of about 4 mm thick, a width ranging from about 20 to about 25 mm, and a diameter ranging from about 350 to about 500 mm.
  • the annealing band can be (i) open-ended, (ii) welded together, or (iii) open-ended with overlapping beveled ends.
  • an annealing band of the invention preferably has a uniform microstructure.
  • the annealing band is made of (1) a refractory metal and (2) a non-refractory metal such as copper or nickel or titanium or iron or cobalt, uniformly distributed throughout the annealing band.
  • the annealing band of the invention is made of a combination of refractory metals, the chemical composition of the alloy is uniform throughout the annealing band.
  • the annealing band is made of a single refractory metal, the microstructure of the annealing band is uniform throughout the annealing band. Uniformity of phase distribution, chemical composition and microstructure corresponds to uniform physical properties, features that are valued by wire manufacturers.
  • the process of the invention produces a suitable refractory metal powder.
  • the powder is optionally blended with an oxide component or a nitride component or a carbide component and the powder or powder blend is consolidated such that a consolidated powder component forms.
  • the consolidated powder component is subjected to thermo-mechanical treatment, and a sheet forms. The sheet is cut into a strip and an annealing band forms from the strip.
  • the invention includes a two-step process for making an annealing band involving the steps of (a) cutting a sheet into a strip; and (b) forming an annealing band from the strip, in which the metal sheet has been formed by subjecting the consolidated powder component to thermomechanical treatment, and in which the consolidated powder component has been formed by consolidating a refractory metal powder into the consolidated powder component, such that the powder is optionally blended with an oxide component or a nitride component, or a carbide component before it is consolidated.
  • the invention includes a single-step process for making an annealing band comprising forming an annealing band from the strip, in which the strip has been cut from a sheet that has been formed by subjecting the consolidated powder component to thermomechanical treatment, and in which the consolidated powder component has been formed by consolidating a refractory metal powder into the consolidated powder component, such that the powder is optionally blended with an oxide component or a nitride component, or a carbide component before it is consolidated, in which the annealing band excludes an annealing band consisting of copper and niobium.
  • the invention includes a process for annealing a metal wire in which two an annealing wheel assemblies are provided.
  • Each annealing wheel (shive) assembly includes a first annealing wheel (shive body), a second annealing wheel (plate) and an annealing band, in which the first annealing wheel (body) and the second annealing wheel(plate) that are attached to each other each have a refractory metal annealing band, located between the first annealing wheel (body) and the second annealing wheel (plate), for providing a contact area for a wire.
  • the annealing band can be attached to an annealing wheel (shive)assembly by any suitable technique, e.g., by clamping the annealing band into the annealing wheel(shive) assembly.
  • a wire passes over the annealing bands of both annealing wheel assemblies and a voltage is applied between the first annealing band and the second annealing band, so that a current passes through the wire under conditions that heat the wire to at least the annealing temperature of the wire.
  • the voltage that passes from the annealer can vary depending on application.
  • the wire that can be subjected to such annealing conditions include copper wires, copper alloy wires, aluminum wires, aluminum alloy wires, steel wires, steel alloy wires, and combinations thereof.
  • Fig. 1 shows a side view of an open-ended annealing band 5.
  • Sectional lines 1 and 3 of Fig. 1 refer to the cross-sectional view of the annealing band shown in Fig 2;
  • Fig. 3 shows an annealing wheel assembly 11 containing the annealing band 13;
  • sectional lines 7 and 9 refer to the cross- sectional view of Fig. 4, in which the annealing band 15 is attached to the annealing wheels 17 and 19.
  • an annealing band of the invention has a gap. In another embodiment, however, the annealing band of this invention is continuous and does not include a gap.
  • Fig. 5 shows a continuous, gap free annealing band made in accordance to the invention.
  • Fig. 6 shows an annealing band with a gap in a non- destructive position (the gap does not coincide with the wire leaving the band).
  • Fig. 7 shows an annealing band with a gap in a destructive position (the gap coincides with the wire leaving the band).
  • an annealing band breaks the circuit (in which the current is transferred from the annealing band to the wire), and increases arcing or the likelihood of arcing (an undesired erosion of the band).
  • the use of a continuous band reduces arcing.
  • the use of a continuous annealing band allows the wear to be evenly distributed through the entire length of the band.
  • the use of a continuous annealing band imparts a continuous electrical field throughout the band, and thereby evenly distributes the arcing throughout the band, and removes the potential for excessive arcing caused by the gap in the band.
  • a continuous annealing band made in accordance to the invention is generally longer than the life of an annealing band made in accordance with the invention (with gaps) and substantially longer .
  • a continuous annealing band of this invention has a life that is at least about 50% to about 80% more, or more than about 80%, as compared to an annealing band made in accordance with the invention (with a gap).
  • a continuous annealing band of this invention has lasts at least about 100%, or more than about 200%, or more than about 300% in ordinary use. In one embodiment, the continuous annealing band of this invention lasts from about 100% to about 1000%, or more, as compared to ordinary annealing bands, e.g., nickel bands.
  • a continuous annealing band of this invention is made by any suitable method.
  • a continuous annealing band is made by determining the length and roundness of the band, and the joining of the two ends of the band after fabrication as described above.
  • the shaping of the band can be done using standard metal working practices, and joining of the ends can be accomplished using standard metal working practices as well, such as 3 point bending and welding.
  • Other possible methods of manufacture are to produce a tube of sufficient diameter and thickness, and section widths to produce a continuous band.
  • the invention provides improved annealing bands, improved methods for making such bands, and improved methods for annealing wires.
  • the annealing band of the invention can replace conventional annealing bands and allow wire manufacturers to run annealers for extended periods of time.
  • the invention is especially useful for in-line annealers in wire manufacturing because the use of the annealing band can decrease maintenance and equipment down time.
  • niobium annealing bands of the invention can be more than 10 times more durable than conventional nickel bands.
  • the cutting rates of various materials were measured when cut by Electro Discharge Machining (EDM).
  • EDM Electro Discharge Machining
  • a wire was used as the cutting tool (Wire-EDM).
  • EDM Electro Discharge Machining
  • the workpiece is immersed in petroleum or water.
  • a voltage was applied between the workpiece and the wire, and the wire was brought so close to the workpiece that electric arcs were initiated from the wire to the workpiece.
  • Each arc evaporated a very small volume of material at the surface of the workpiece.
  • the wire cut the workpiece, as the piece eroded through arcing.
  • the cutting rate that can be achieved with this method was an indicator for the arc- resistance of the material. Slow cutting rate indicated a high arc resistance.
  • the table lists the cutting rate quantified as "cut area per hour" (square inch per hour). It can be seen that niobium had a much slower cutting rate that any of the other materials tested.
  • GlasscopTM is an oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) copper alloy by OMG.
  • niobium had a higher resistance to spark erosion than the other materials. Since spark erosion is one of the main wear mechanisms for annealing bands it was further concluded that annealing bands made from Nb will wear slower than bands made from the other materials and that they will have a higher life time than other bands.
  • Vickers hardness measurements were determined according to ASTM E92- 82, a well-known standard that describes in great detail how to perform Vickers hardness measurements. Table 2 shows the Vickers hardness obtained for different material grades.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'une bande de recuit, le procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes: (a) la production d'une poudre de métal réfractaire, ou d'une poudre d'alliage de métal réfractaire, (b) éventuellement le mélange de la poudre avec un constituant oxyde ou un constituant carbure, (c) la consolidation de la poudre ou du mélange de poudre et la formation d'un constituant de poudre consolidée, (d) l'application d'un traitement thermo-mécanique au constituant de poudre consolidée et la formation d'une feuille ou d'un tube, (e) la découpe de la feuille en une bande et (f) la formation d'une bande de recuit à partir de la bande. La présente invention se rapporte également à des bandes de recuit et à des procédés d'utilisation de bandes de recuit.
EP04706985A 2003-01-31 2004-01-30 Bandes de recuit en m tal r fractaire Withdrawn EP1594645A2 (fr)

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US44400403P 2003-01-31 2003-01-31
US444004P 2003-01-31
PCT/US2004/002695 WO2004069453A2 (fr) 2003-01-31 2004-01-30 Bandes de recuit en métal réfractaire

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EP1594645A2 true EP1594645A2 (fr) 2005-11-16

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EP (1) EP1594645A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2006517615A (fr)
KR (1) KR20050094472A (fr)
CN (1) CN1744961A (fr)
AU (1) AU2004209010A1 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0407168A (fr)
CA (1) CA2514118A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL169536A0 (fr)
MX (1) MXPA05008067A (fr)
WO (1) WO2004069453A2 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200515979B (fr)

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CN111334679A (zh) * 2020-04-23 2020-06-26 合肥工业大学 一种具有优异热稳定性的钨-氧化钇复合材料的加工方法

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WO2012053486A1 (fr) * 2010-10-18 2012-04-26 日本タングステン株式会社 Électrode pour usinage par électro-érosion
CN104046822B (zh) * 2014-07-08 2016-01-13 西北有色金属研究院 一种固溶强化制备具有梯度结构的钽基合金的方法
EP3346017B1 (fr) * 2017-01-10 2021-09-15 Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG Procédé de coupe de métaux réfractaires
CN109402541B (zh) * 2017-08-15 2021-07-20 核工业西南物理研究院 一种颗粒弥散强化钨块体材料制备方法
CN109306421B (zh) * 2018-09-18 2019-09-17 厦门虹鹭钨钼工业有限公司 一种抗侵蚀钼合金电极及其制造方法
DE102019005944A1 (de) * 2019-08-23 2021-02-25 Grohe Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils, insbesondere für eine Sanitärarmatur

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CN111334679B (zh) * 2020-04-23 2021-11-30 合肥工业大学 一种具有优异热稳定性的钨-氧化钇复合材料的加工方法

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WO2004069453A3 (fr) 2004-12-09
ZA200515979B (en) 2006-11-29
AU2004209010A1 (en) 2004-08-19
JP2006517615A (ja) 2006-07-27
MXPA05008067A (es) 2005-09-21
KR20050094472A (ko) 2005-09-27
BRPI0407168A (pt) 2006-02-07
WO2004069453A2 (fr) 2004-08-19
CN1744961A (zh) 2006-03-08
CA2514118A1 (fr) 2004-08-19
IL169536A0 (en) 2007-07-04
US20060115372A1 (en) 2006-06-01

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