EP1591724B1 - Elément d'étanchéité d'une fente pour un bouclier thermique - Google Patents

Elément d'étanchéité d'une fente pour un bouclier thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1591724B1
EP1591724B1 EP04010306A EP04010306A EP1591724B1 EP 1591724 B1 EP1591724 B1 EP 1591724B1 EP 04010306 A EP04010306 A EP 04010306A EP 04010306 A EP04010306 A EP 04010306A EP 1591724 B1 EP1591724 B1 EP 1591724B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat shield
gap
sealing element
gap sealing
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04010306A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1591724A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Heilos
Stefan Dr. Hoffmann
Gerald Lauer
Roland Dr. Liebe
Bernd Dr. Prade
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
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Priority to AT04010306T priority Critical patent/ATE514905T1/de
Priority to EP04010306A priority patent/EP1591724B1/fr
Publication of EP1591724A1 publication Critical patent/EP1591724A1/fr
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Publication of EP1591724B1 publication Critical patent/EP1591724B1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/007—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel constructed mainly of ceramic components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/04—Supports for linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
    • F23M2900/05005—Sealing means between wall tiles or panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00012—Details of sealing devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gap sealing element for sealing the gaps between peripheral surfaces of adjacent heat shield elements and a heat shield equipped with such gap sealing elements.
  • the walls of high temperature reactors e.g. the walls of pressurized gas turbine combustors must be protected against hot gas attack by suitable thermal shielding of their supporting structure.
  • the thermal shield may e.g. be achieved by the wall to be protected from the hot gas is lined by a plurality of limited in size individual heat shield elements.
  • Ceramic materials are ideally suited for the construction of a heat shield in comparison to metallic materials because of their high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and low thermal conductivity. Because of material-typical thermal expansion properties and the temperature differences typically occurring during operation, such as between the ambient temperature at standstill of the gas turbine combustor and the maximum temperature at full load, the thermal mobility of ceramic heat shields must be guaranteed as a result of temperature-dependent expansion, so that no heat shield destructive thermal stresses by hindering the temperature-dependent Elongation occur. Expansion gaps are therefore present between the individual ceramic heat shield elements in order to allow the thermal expansion of the heat shield elements. For safety reasons, the expansion gaps are designed so that they are never completely closed even at maximum temperature of the hot gas.
  • the ceramic heat shield elements have a hot side facing the hot gas and a cold side facing the support structure. They are typically fastened to a support structure by means of retaining elements. In this case engage engaging portions of the holding elements in grooves which are formed in located between the hot side and the cold side peripheral surfaces of the heat shield elements.
  • the holding elements also white holding sections, by means of which they are connected to the support structure, for example. Screwed, so that the heat shield elements are fixed by means of the holding elements on the support structure.
  • the retaining elements are exposed to the hot gas in the operating state of the gas turbine combustion chamber, which penetrates into the expansion gaps between the heat shield elements. Since the retaining elements are usually made of metallic materials for reliability reasons, they are limited in terms of their operating temperature to a lower temperature level compared to ceramic materials. In the gas turbine combustors should therefore be avoided that hot gas penetrates into the expansion column, because otherwise the holding elements or the support structure, which also usually consists of metal, would be excessively heated.
  • One frequently used means to avoid the penetration of hot gas into the expansion column - in this context one speaks of the blocking of the expansion gaps - is the rinsing of the expansion gaps with sufficient air, the so-called. Cooling or sealing air.
  • the support structure typically has cooling air openings, through which cooling air can flow into the expansion gaps.
  • the metallic holding elements have been cooled by means of injected below the holding elements cooling air.
  • the blocking of the gap between the ceramic takes place Heat shield elements not even. This means that more cooling air is required for a safe blocking of the gap against the penetration of the hot gas, as would theoretically be necessary to block the gap.
  • effective cooling of the holding sections of the holding elements which are most likely to be exposed to the hot gas is made more difficult.
  • a combustor liner having heat shield bricks in which flow barriers are disposed in the expansion nips between the heat shield bricks to reduce the penetration of hot gas into the expansion nips.
  • the heat shield bricks of this combustion chamber lining have grooves on their peripheral surfaces into which a flow barrier arranged in the gap between two heat shield bricks engages.
  • the flow barriers are fixed by means of retaining anchors in the expansion gap.
  • the EP 1 260 767 A1 discloses a gap sealing element for sealing gaps between adjacent heat shield elements.
  • the gap sealing element is compressed prior to insertion into the gap, so that a resilient contact with the heat shield elements enables a good seal.
  • the EP 1 022 437 A1 discloses a sealing element for sealing gaps, wherein the sealing element is formed as a metal seal spring or metallic spring seal.
  • the first object is achieved by a gap sealing element according to claim 1 and the second object by a heat shield according to claim 8.
  • a gap-sealing element according to the invention for sealing gaps between adjacent heat shield elements comprises at least one resilient section which is designed to exert a spring force such that the gap sealing element inserted into a gap between adjacent heat shield elements is held in the gap by means of a press fit, wherein the at least one resilient section forms a curvature which protrudes perpendicular to the direction of action of the spring force for producing the clamping seat, wherein the material thickness in the region of the curvature is greater than in the remaining areas of the gap sealing element.
  • the gap sealing element according to the invention can in particular be configured such for sealing gaps between opposing and each having a groove peripheral surfaces of adjacent heat shield elements that it is sealingly insert the gap in the grooves of the peripheral surfaces of adjacent heat shield elements such that a part of him in the groove of a peripheral surface and another part is disposed in the groove of the opposite peripheral surface.
  • the at least one resilient portion has a curvature, which protrudes in the direction of the spring force for producing the clamping seat.
  • the curvature can then form a support portion which acts on a groove wall, for example on the groove wall, which belongs to the support structure of the facing portion of the heat shield element, and the gap sealing element against the opposite groove wall, ie against the wall of the gas turbine combustor facing portion of the heat shield element suppressed.
  • the curvature can also take place on the groove wall which faces the support structure of the portion of the heat shield element also belongs to the supporting structure.
  • the gap sealing element is preferably designed such that it does not extend to the groove bottoms of the grooves.
  • the resilient portion has a curvature which protrudes perpendicular to the direction of the spring force for producing the clamping seat.
  • the gap-sealing element may in particular comprise two support sections for supporting on the groove bottoms of the grooves, which are connected to one another by the curved elastic section.
  • the curvature can in particular have a profile which approximately corresponds to a circular section with an opening angle ⁇ and a curvature radius R.
  • the opening angle preferably comprises a value in the range of 50 ° to 60 °, the radius R a value in the range of 30 to 40 mm and the curvature radius L a value in the range of 8 to 10 mm.
  • the material thickness in the region of the curvature is greater than in the other areas of the gap sealing element.
  • the spring force is to be chosen so that they However, the clamping force necessary for a secure clamping can apply, but neither in the spring element nor in the ceramic impermissible stresses arise when the adjacent ceramic heat shield elements expand due to high temperatures and the support sections of the gap sealing element to move towards each other.
  • inventive gap sealing elements have an alternative form of attachment. While the flow barriers in the prior art must be secured by means of retaining anchors, the gap sealing elements according to the invention need only be inserted into the gaps and / or the grooves between the heat shield elements. In the columns and / or in the grooves, they are then held by means of a press fit. Retaining anchors and corresponding counterparts for fixing the retaining anchor are therefore not necessary in the gap sealing element according to the invention.
  • the gap sealing elements according to the invention are used to avoid the contact between the hot gas and the holding elements above the holding elements in the gaps or grooves.
  • the spring force of the resilient portions is chosen such that it provides the necessary clamping force for a secure clamping fit available.
  • the dimensions of the gap sealing element are chosen such that the thermal expansion of the heat shield elements is not hindered, so that neither in the gap sealing element nor in the ceramic undue stresses caused by the reduction of the expansion gap dimensions.
  • inventive gap sealing elements have an alternative form of attachment. While the flow barriers in the prior art must be fastened by means of retaining anchors, the gap sealing elements according to the invention need only in the gaps and / or the grooves to be inserted between the heat shield elements. In the columns and / or in the grooves, they are then held by means of a press fit. Retaining anchors and corresponding counterparts for fixing the retaining anchor are therefore not necessary in the gap sealing element according to the invention.
  • the gap sealing elements according to the invention are used to avoid the contact between the hot gas and the holding elements above the holding elements in the gaps or grooves.
  • the spring force of the resilient portions is chosen such that it provides the necessary clamping force for a secure clamping fit available.
  • the dimensions of the gap sealing element are chosen such that the thermal expansion of the heat shield elements is not hindered, so that neither in the gap sealing element nor in the ceramic undue stresses caused by the reduction of the expansion gap dimensions.
  • a heat shield according to the invention on a support structure for protecting the support structure and / or a wall enclosing the support structure or connected to the support structure against a hot gas comprises a number of heat shield elements adjoining each other by gap-sealing, which can be configured in particular as ceramic heat shield elements.
  • gap sealing elements according to the invention are arranged in the gaps between opposing heat shield elements.
  • the cooling / sealing air consumption of a gas turbine combustion chamber can be reduced. This lowers the combustion temperature and reduces the thermal stress in the ceramic heat shields. As a result, the Reduced NO x emissions and the stress on the ceramic heat shields.
  • the heat shield elements may have the expansion gaps bounding and grooved peripheral surfaces, wherein a gap sealing element is a gap sealingly insert each such into the grooves of the gap bounding peripheral surfaces, that a part of him in the groove of a peripheral surface and another part is arranged in the groove of the opposite peripheral surface.
  • the spring force producing the clamping seat between the support structure and the hot side groove wall of the grooves acts in an alternative embodiment, the spring force between the cold side groove walls and the hot side groove walls, in particular the cold side groove walls and the hot side groove walls of the same groove.
  • the spring force producing the clamping seat acts between the groove bottoms of two opposing grooves. The last two alternatives allow a favorable cooling air flow in the expansion gap, since no portion of the gap sealing element needs to intervene in the region of the expansion gap located between the support structure and the grooves.
  • the support structure has cooling air openings for supplying a cooling fluid in the direction of the gap sealing elements.
  • the gap sealing elements can be blown with impact rays to cool them. In this way, a scaling or melting of the metallic gap sealing elements can be avoided.
  • the outflowing impingement air additionally serves for convective cooling.
  • Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the inventive gap sealing element.
  • Fig. 2 shows the gap sealing element FIG. 1 in the built-in heat shield state.
  • Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of the inventive gap sealing element.
  • Fig. 4 shows the gap sealing element FIG. 3 in the built-in heat shield state.
  • Fig. 5 shows a third embodiment of the inventive gap sealing element.
  • Fig. 6 shows the gap sealing element FIG. 5 in the built-in heat shield state.
  • Fig. 7 shows a fourth embodiment of the inventive gap sealing element.
  • Fig. 8 shows the gap sealing element FIG. 7 in the built-in heat shield state.
  • Fig. 9 shows a fifth embodiment of the inventive gap sealing element
  • Fig. 10 shows the gap sealing element FIG. 9 in the built-in heat shield state.
  • Fig. 11 shows the cooling air flow along a ceramic heat shield element using a gap sealing element according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the inventive gap sealing element in a perspective view.
  • the gap sealing element 10 comprises a metallic sealing plate 12 and a curved metal strip 14, whose two ends 15 are fastened to the sealing plate 12, for example by being welded to the sealing plate 12.
  • the curved metal strip 14 forms a resilient projection, which provides for the installation of the gap sealing element 10 in a heat shield for a clamping fit of the gap sealing element 10.
  • FIG. 1a An alternative embodiment of the in Fig. 1 shown sealing element shows Fig. 1a ,
  • illustrated sealing element 10a is the curved metal strip 14a instead of connected at its ends 15a in the middle 17a with the sealing plate 12a. Its free ends 15a form spring elements which, after installation of the gap sealing element 10a, provide a heat shield for a clamping seat of the gap sealing element 10a.
  • sealing element 10b is the curved metal strip 14b as the metal strip 14 in Fig. 1 shaped. In contrast to the metal strip 14, however, it is not welded at both ends 15b, 15c to the sealing plate 12b, but only at one End 15b. The other end 15c is loose and can slide along the sealing plate 12b.
  • the curved metal strip 14b forms as in Fig. 1 a resilient projection, which provides after the installation of the gap sealing element 10b in a heat shield for a clamping fit of the gap sealing element 10b.
  • two separate metal strips may be present, which correspond to one half of the metal strip 14 and the metal strip 14a and are welded to the edge or in the middle of the sealing plate 12 and 12a.
  • FIG. 2 shows the gap sealing element 10 of the first embodiment in the installed state in a heat shield.
  • the figure shows a ceramic heat shield element 16, which is fastened by means of metallic element holder 18 to the support structure 20 of a gas turbine combustor.
  • the heat shield element 16 has a cold side 22, which faces the support structure 20, and a hot side 24, which faces the hot gas in the gas turbine combustion chamber. Between the hot side 24 and the cold side 22 extend first peripheral surfaces 26 and second peripheral surfaces 28, wherein the first peripheral surfaces of the second peripheral surfaces differ in that they have a groove 30 in which an engagement portion (not visible in the figure) of Element holder 18 for holding the ceramic heat shield element 16 engages.
  • the second circumferential surfaces 28 are generally groove-free.
  • the metallic support elements 18 each have, in addition to the engagement portion for engagement with the groove 30 of the heat shield member 16, a mounting portion (not shown) for insertion into a groove 32 of the support structure 20.
  • the mounting portions are then fixed, for example by means of screws, in particular at the bottom of the groove 32nd
  • the ceramic heat shield elements 16 are arranged in such a comprehensive manner that they adjoin each other with their peripheral surfaces 26, wherein between the adjacent peripheral surfaces Dehnspalte remain so that the heat shield elements 16 can extend the transition from cold to hot (operating) state.
  • the dimension of the expansion column is dimensioned so that adjacent heat shield elements 16 do not abut each other even in the hottest state, so as to avoid stresses that could lead to cracking.
  • the expansion gaps bounded by the first peripheral surfaces 26 generally extend in the case of radially symmetrical combustion chambers, but not necessarily in the circumferential direction of the combustion chamber and the expansion gaps bounded by the second peripheral surfaces in the axial direction of the combustion chamber. In FIG. 2 For the sake of clarity, only one heat shield element 16 of the heat shield is shown.
  • the gap sealing elements 10 are arranged to prevent hot gas from flowing from the hot side 24 through the expansion gaps in the direction of the support structure 20.
  • a portion of the sealing plate 12 of the gap sealing elements 10 engages, as in FIG. 2 shown, while in the groove 30 a first expansion gap bounding peripheral surface 26 of a ceramic heat shield element 16, whereas a further portion of the sealing plate 12 in the groove of the opposite first peripheral surface of another ceramic heat shield element (not shown) engages.
  • the gap sealing element 12 is fixed in its position by means of a press fit.
  • the curved metal strip 14 is supported on the support structure 20 to the sealing plate by means of its spring force against the groove walls 33rd the hot side portions of the ceramic heat shield elements 16 to press, so that a clamping fit between the support structure 20 on the one hand and the groove walls 33 on the other hand arises.
  • the dimensions of the sealing plate 12 are chosen so that the side surfaces 13 of the sealing plate 12, the groove bottom 31 of the grooves 30 do not touch, even if the heat shield elements 16 have their greatest thermal expansion. This can prevent the gap seal member or the ceramic heat shield members 16 from being damaged.
  • the gap seal member 10 Since the gap seal member 10 is made of metal, it can not easily be exposed to the temperatures of the hot gas flowing from the combustion chamber through the expansion gaps to the seal plate 12.
  • cooling bores 34 are therefore present in the support structure 20, through which the sealing plate 12 is blown with cooling air.
  • the blown cooling air flows along the sealing plate 12 in the direction of the existing between the second peripheral surfaces 28 Dehnspalte and enters through this into the combustion chamber of the gas turbine, wherein it blocks the expansion gaps located between the second peripheral surfaces 28 against the entry of hot gas.
  • the cooling air flow will be discussed later with reference to FIG Fig. 11 be explained in more detail.
  • FIG. 3 A second embodiment of the inventive gap sealing element is in FIG. 3 shown.
  • the gap sealing element 110 comprises as in FIG. 1 In contrast to the first embodiment, however, two arched metal strips 114, which are resilient and provide a spring force for a clamping fit of the gap sealing element 110, are welded to the sealing plate 112 at a distance next to one another.
  • FIG. 4 shows the gap sealing element 110 of the second embodiment after installation in a ceramic heat shield, with the exception of the gap sealing element 110 substantially with reference to with reference to Fig. 2 corresponds to described heat shield.
  • the ceramic heat shield members 16, the support structure 20, and the support members 18 are not different from the heat shield members 16, the support structure 20, and the support members 18 of the heat shield described with respect to the first embodiment. Structures that are different from those in FIG. 2 Different structures are therefore distinguished by the same reference numerals as in FIG. 2 designated.
  • the gap seal member 110 is inserted into the grooves 30 of opposite circumferential surfaces 26 so as to be pressed against the groove walls 33 of the hot side portions of the ceramic heat shield members 16 and does not contact the groove bottoms 31.
  • the domed metal strips 114 do not abut the support structure 20 to make the press fit. Instead, they are supported on the groove walls 35 of the cold side portions of the heat shield members 16 to press the sealing plate 112 against the groove walls 33 of the hot side portions of the ceramic heat shield members 16 by their spring force. Due to the spring force, the gap sealing element 110 is securely fixed in the grooves 30 of the ceramic heat shield elements 16 by means of a clamping fit, which acts between the groove walls 35 and the groove walls 33.
  • the gap sealing element 110 is blown with cooling air, which exits through cooling air holes 134 in the support structure. Since the curved metal strips 114 in the second embodiment, the cooling air flow through the Dehnspalte less hinder than the up to the support structure 20 extending metal strip 14 of the first embodiment, the Cooling air consumption in comparison to the first embodiment can be further reduced.
  • FIG. 5 shows the gap sealing element 210 of the third embodiment in a perspective view
  • FIG. 6 the gap sealing element FIG. 5 after installation in a ceramic heat shield represents.
  • the ceramic heat shield in this case corresponds, with the exception of the gap sealing element 210, essentially to the heat shield described with reference to the first exemplary embodiment. Structures of the heat shield related to those Fig. 2 are therefore denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIG Fig. 2 designated.
  • the gap-sealing element 210 of the third exemplary embodiment substantially corresponds to a sealing plate 214 which has a profile with a profile course bent in a first expansion direction A and a straight profile profile in a second expansion direction B perpendicular to the first expansion direction. It has in the direction of extension A ends 212, which are both bent in the same direction and whose bending have an approximately semicircular course.
  • the bent ends 212 form support sections, which in the installed state (see FIG. 6 ) over a large area on the groove bottoms 31 of the grooves 30 abut each other opposite peripheral surfaces 26.
  • the support sections 212 are connected to one another in the expansion direction A via a curved spring section 214.
  • the domed spring portion 214 has a cross-section that substantially corresponds to a circular cutout with the radius R and the opening angle ⁇ , wherein the curvature opposite to the curvature of the bend of the support portions 212 has a different sign.
  • the gap sealing element 210 which is made of a metal sheet with a constant thickness of about 1 mm, has due to its curved spring portion 214 spring elastic properties.
  • the spring force of the spring portion 214 causes the support portions 212 to be pressed against the groove bottoms 31 of the grooves 30, so that the gap seal member 210 is press-fitted into the grooves.
  • the gap sealing element 210 can be compressed due to the spring-elastic properties of the spring section 214.
  • the spring force of the spring section 214 causes the gap sealing element to expand, so that the support sections 212 always remain pressed against the groove bottoms 31 during cooling and the clamping fit always safely preserved.
  • the spring elasticity of the gap sealing element 210 depends on the radius R of the arched spring section 214, on the opening angle ⁇ of the arched spring section 214, on the material thickness of the gap sealing element 210 and on a lever L.
  • the lever L results here as the distance of the center of the curved spring portion 214 from an imaginary connecting line between the support portions 212, which connects those points of the support portions 212 to each other, at which attack the heat shield member compressing the force vectors when heating the heat shield elements 16.
  • the radius R of the curved spring portion 214 is large compared to the distance between the support portions 212. Accordingly, the opening angle ⁇ is relatively small.
  • the lever L is about 1 mm.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8th show the gap sealing element 310 of the fourth embodiment in a perspective view, while FIG. 8 the gap sealing element 310 FIG. 7 after installation in a ceramic heat shield represents.
  • the ceramic heat shield in this case corresponds, with the exception of the gap-sealing element 310, essentially to the heat shield described with reference to the first exemplary embodiment. Structures of the heat shield related to those Fig. 2 are therefore denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIG Fig. 2 designated.
  • gap sealing element 310 is similar in its basic structure in FIG. 5 Like this, it has two curved support portions 312 which are connected to each other via a curved spring portion 314. Compared to the curved spring portion 214 of the gap sealing element 210 of the third embodiment, the curved spring portion 314 of the gap sealing element 310 has a cross section with a smaller radius of curvature R, a larger opening angle ⁇ and a larger lever L.
  • the cross section of the support portions 312 is no longer semicircular as in the gap sealing element 210 of the Figures 5 and 6 , Instead, in the support portions 312 of the gap seal member 310, as viewed from the edges 315, to a portion having a circular profile corresponding approximately to a circular cut with an angle between 45 ° and 60 °, a portion where the radius of curvature decreases closes, so that the support portions 312 provide a compressed impression compared to the support portions 212.
  • the gap-sealing element 310 is inserted into the slots 30 of the ceramic heat-shield elements 16 in opposite orientation (see FIG. FIGS. 6 and 8th ). While the gap sealing element 210 in the inserted state, the curvature of the curved spring portion 214 protrudes in the direction of the support members 18 and the support portions 212 are bent toward the support members 18, the curved spring portion 314 bulges in the fourth embodiment of the support members 18, and the Supporting portions 312 of the gap sealing element 310 are bent away from the holding elements 18 in the inserted state. Moreover, the support sections 312 do not lie against the groove bottoms 31 over such a large area as the support sections 212 of the third exemplary embodiment. In the support sections 312 of the fourth exemplary embodiment, the installation is essentially limited to the sections of the groove bottoms 31 facing the hot-side section of the heat shield element.
  • the gap sealing element 310 has a lower rigidity.
  • the groove bottoms 31 move toward each other due to the thermal expansion of the heat shield members 16, less stress is generated in the gap seal member 310 than in the gap seal member 210.
  • FIG. 9 shows the gap sealing element 410 of the fifth embodiment in a perspective view
  • FIG. 10 the gap sealing element 410 FIG. 9 after installation in a ceramic heat shield represents.
  • the ceramic heat shield corresponds to the gap sealing element 410 substantially with respect to the first embodiment described heat shield. Structures of the heat shield related to those Fig. 2 are therefore denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIG Fig. 2 designated.
  • the gap-sealing element 410 like the gap-sealing elements 210 and 310 of the third and fourth embodiment, has a curved spring section 414 and two support sections 412.
  • the curved spring portion 414 has a radius of curvature which is approximately equal to that of the fourth embodiment.
  • the opening angle ⁇ and the lever L are significantly larger than in the fourth embodiment.
  • the support portions 412 are formed in the fifth embodiment only as kinking edges of the gap sealing element 410. They have only a slight curvature, which is adapted to the contour of the groove bottom 31 (see FIG. 10 ).
  • the material thickness of the gap sealing element 410 is not constant along the expansion direction A, but has the greatest material thickness in the center of the arched spring section 414 with approximately 1.2 mm. In the direction of the support portions 412, the material thickness decreases linearly and reaches in the vicinity of the support portions 412 about a value of 0.6 mm. Along the expansion direction B, the material thickness is constant as in the exemplary embodiments three and four.
  • the gap seal member 410 is inserted into the grooves 30 of the ceramic heat shield members 16 of a hit sign in the same orientation as the gap seal member 310 of the fourth embodiment.
  • the support sections 412 lie substantially in the direction of the groove wall 35 of the cold-side section of the heat shield elements 16 displaced toward the groove bottom 31.
  • the curved spring portion 414 spans the Engagement portions of the holding elements 18 practically completely.
  • the geometry of the fifth embodiment has a particularly good sealing function and particularly favorable stiffness and stress properties.
  • the radius of curvature R of the arched spring portion 414 is in the range between 30 and 40 mm, preferably at about 35 mm, the opening angle in the range between 50 ° and 60 °, preferably at about 56 °, and the lever in the range between 8 and 10 mm, preferably at about 9 mm.
  • the material thickness of the gap sealing element 410 decreases from about 1.2 mm in the center of the arched spring section to about 0.6 mm at the edge of the arched spring section 414. In the area of the support sections 412, the material thickness then increases again somewhat.
  • FIG. 11 The flow conditions along a ceramic heat shield element 16 with built-in gap sealing element are in FIG. 11 shown.
  • a gap sealing element of the fifth embodiment is installed.
  • it could also be installed gap sealing elements of the other embodiments.
  • the cooling air flows - in FIG. 11 if these are four cooling air flows corresponding to the number of cooling air openings 34, they exit from the cooling air openings 34 in the direction of the gap sealing element 410.
  • the cooling air streams are deflected substantially at right angles in such a way that they flow below the gap sealing element 410 parallel to the gap sealing element 410.
  • the cooling air flows reach an expansion gap between two opposite second peripheral surfaces 28, they enter this expansion gap and change their flow direction again by approx. 90 °, so that they now flow away from the support structure 20, ie in the direction of the gas turbine combustor.
  • the expansion gaps between two opposite second peripheral surfaces 28 are shut off by the cooling air against the penetration of hot gas from the gas turbine combustor.
  • the second peripheral surfaces 28 may also have a convex structure instead of a planar structure, which results in different velocity distributions of the cooling air flow.
  • the flow conditions along the ceramic heat shield elements also depend on the shape of the gap sealing elements and on the arrangement of the outlet openings 34 for the cooling air flows.
  • the entirety of the gap sealing element, the arrangement of the cooling air outlet openings 34 and the shaping of the heat shield element 16, in particular its second peripheral surfaces 28, must always be taken into account.
  • good results can be achieved in the optimization, if gap sealing elements 410 according to the fifth embodiment are used and the support structure 20 contains in the area between the element holders 18 six cooling air openings 34 which extend linearly between the element holders 18, an outlet opening of about 2, 25 mm and about 3.8 mm spaced apart from each other.
  • the ceramic heat shield elements have a square structure with an edge length of 200 mm and a thickness of 38 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
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Claims (15)

  1. Elément d'étanchéité de fente pour rendre étanches des fentes entre des éléments ( 16 ) voisins d'un bouclier thermique, l'élément ( 10; 110; 210; 310; 410 ) d'étanchéité de fente comprenant au moins un segment ( 14; 114 ; 214 ; 314 ; 414 ) ayant l'élasticité d'un ressort et conformé pour appliquer une force élastique de manière à ce que l'élément ( 10 ; 110 ; 210 ; 310 ; 410 ) d'étanchéité de fente, inséré dans une fente entre des éléments ( 16 ) voisins du bouclier thermique, soit maintenu dans la fente au moyen d'un ajustement pressé, le au moins un segment ( 214 ; 314 ; 414 ) ayant l'élasticité d'un ressort ayant une voussûre qui s'accuse perpendiculairement à la direction d'action de la force élastique pour ménager l'ajustement pressé,
    caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur de matériau dans la zone de la voussûre est plus grande que dans les autres zones de l'élément d'étanchéité de fente.
  2. Elément d'étanchéité de fente suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il est conformé pour rendre étanche des fentes entre des surfaces ( 26 ) périphériques opposées l'une à l'autre et ayant une rainure ( 30 ) respectivement, d'élément (16) voisins de bouclier thermique de manière à pouvoir être inséré, en rendant étanche la fente, dans les rainures ( 30 ) des surfaces ( 26 ) périphériques d'éléments ( 16 ) voisins l'un de l'autre de bouclier thermique, de façon à ce qu'une partie de l'élément soit disposée dans la rainure de l'une des surfaces ( 26 ) périphériques et à ce qu'une autre partie soit disposée dans la rainure ( 30 ) de la surface ( 26 ) périphérique opposée.
  3. Elément d'étanchéité de fentes suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un segment ( 14 ; 114 ) ayant l'élasticité d'un ressort a une voussûre qui s'accuse dans la direction de la force élastique pour ménager l'ajustement pressé.
  4. Elément d'étanchéité suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend deux segments ( 212 ; 312 ; 412 ) d'appui opposés l'un à l'autre pour l'appui sur les fonds ( 31 ) des rainures ( 30 ) et le au moins un segment ( 214 ; 314 ; 414) ayant l'élasticité d'un ressort relie entre eux les segments ( 212 ; 312 ; 412) d'appui.
  5. Elément d'étanchéité suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la voussure à un profil qui correspond à peu près à une partie de cercle ayant un angle ϕ d'ouvertures ainsi qu'un rayon R de courbure et à une flèche L.
  6. Elément d'étanchéité suivant la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'angle ϕ d'ouvertures à une valeur allant de 50° à 60°, le rayon R une valeur allant de 30 à 40 mm et la flèche L une valeur allant de 8 à 10 mm.
  7. Bouclier thermique sur une structure ( 20) de support pour la protection de la structure ( 20) de support et/ou d'une paroi comprenant la structure ( 20) de support ou relié à la structure ( 20 ) de support vis-à-vis d'un gaz chaud comprenant un certain nombre d'éléments ( 16 ) de boucliers thermiques adjacents les uns des autres en laissant une fente, caractérisé en ce que des éléments ( 10 ; 110 ; 210 ; 310 ; 410 ) d'étanchéité de fentes suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 6 sont disposés dans les fentes.
  8. Bouclier thermique suivant la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les éléments ( 16 ) de bouclier thermique ont des surfaces ( 26 ) périphériques délimitant les fentes et pourvues de rainures ( 30) et en ce que des éléments ( 10 ; 110 ; 210 ; 310; 410) d'étanchéité de fente suivant la revendication 2 ou suivant la revendication 2 et l'une des revendications 3 à 6 sont disposés dans les rainures ( 30 ) de surfaces ( 26 ) périphériques opposées l'une à l'autre et sont maintenus au moyen d'un ajustement pressé.
  9. Bouclier thermique suivant la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un segment ( 14 ; 114) ayant l'élasticité d'un ressort des éléments ( 10 ; 110 ) d'étanchéité de fente est conformé de manière à ce que la force élastique donnant l'ajustement pressé agisse entre la structure ( 20) de support et des parois ( 33 ) des rainures ( 30) de surfaces ( 26) périphériques délimitant une fente.
  10. Bouclier thermique suivant la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le au moins un segment ( 114 ) ayant l'élasticité d'un ressort des éléments ( 110) d'étanchéité de fentes est conformé de manière à ce que la force élastique donnant l'ajustement pressé agisse entre deux segments ( 35, 33 ) opposés l'un à l'autre des rainures ( 30) de surfaces ( 26 ) périphériques délimitant une fente.
  11. Bouclier thermique suivant la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le au moins un segment ( 114 ) ayant l'élasticité d'un ressort est conformé de manière à ce que la force élastique donnant l'ajustement pressé agisse entre deux parois ( 35, 33 ) opposées de la même rainure ( 30 ).
  12. Bouclier thermique suivant la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le au moins un segment ( 214 ; 314 ; 414 ) ayant l'élasticité d'un ressort est conformé de manière à ce que la force élastique donnant l'ajustement pressé agisse entre les fonds ( 31 ) des rainures ( 30) de surfaces ( 26 ) périphériques délimitant une fente.
  13. Bouclier thermique suivant l'une des revendications 7 à 12, caractérisé en ce qu'il y a dans la structure ( 20 ) de support des ouvertures ( 34 ) d'air de refroidissement pour envoyer de l'air de refroidissement dans la direction allant sur les éléments ( 10 ; 110 ; 210 ; 310 ; 410 ) d'étanchéité de fente.
  14. Bouclier thermique suivant l'une des revendications 2 à 13, caractérisé en ce que les éléments ( 16 ) de bouclier thermique sont des éléments de bouclier thermique en céramique.
  15. Bouclier thermique suivant l'une des revendications 7 à 14, et comprenant un élément d'étanchéité de fente suivant la revendication 2 et la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il a une dimension qui est choisie de manière à ce que, à l'état le plus chaud des éléments ( 16 ) de bouclier thermique, il ne s'étende pas jusqu'aux fonds ( 31 ) des rainures ( 30 ) des surfaces ( 26 ) périphériques.
EP04010306A 2004-04-30 2004-04-30 Elément d'étanchéité d'une fente pour un bouclier thermique Expired - Lifetime EP1591724B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT04010306T ATE514905T1 (de) 2004-04-30 2004-04-30 Spaltdichtelement für einen hitzeschild
EP04010306A EP1591724B1 (fr) 2004-04-30 2004-04-30 Elément d'étanchéité d'une fente pour un bouclier thermique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04010306A EP1591724B1 (fr) 2004-04-30 2004-04-30 Elément d'étanchéité d'une fente pour un bouclier thermique

Publications (2)

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EP1591724A1 EP1591724A1 (fr) 2005-11-02
EP1591724B1 true EP1591724B1 (fr) 2011-06-29

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EP3039269B1 (fr) * 2013-08-29 2020-05-06 United Technologies Corporation Turbine à gaz et procédé de montage
DE102015202570A1 (de) * 2015-02-12 2016-08-18 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg Abdichtung eines Randspalts zwischen Effusionsschindeln einer Gasturbinenbrennkammer
US10101029B2 (en) 2015-03-30 2018-10-16 United Technologies Corporation Combustor panels and configurations for a gas turbine engine
US11408609B2 (en) * 2018-10-26 2022-08-09 Collins Engine Nozzles, Inc. Combustor dome tiles
DE102019204746A1 (de) * 2019-04-03 2020-10-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Hitzeschildkachel mit Dämpfungsfunktion
EP3845810B1 (fr) * 2019-12-31 2023-11-22 ANSALDO ENERGIA S.p.A. Dispositif de support pour des tuiles d'isolation thermique d'une chambre de combustion d'un ensemble turbine à gaz pour centrales électriques et ensemble turbine à gaz

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EP1022437A1 (fr) 1999-01-19 2000-07-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elément de construction à l'usage d'une machine thermique
US6702549B2 (en) * 2000-03-02 2004-03-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Turbine installation
EP1191285A1 (fr) * 2000-09-22 2002-03-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Bouclier thérmique , chambre de combustion avec garnissage interne et turbine à gaz
EP1260767A1 (fr) 2001-05-25 2002-11-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ensemble bouclier thermique pour un composant acheminant un gaz chaud, notamment pour des pièces de structure de turbines à gaz, ainsi que le procédé de fabrication d'un tel ensemble
EP1302723A1 (fr) 2001-10-15 2003-04-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Revêtement pour parois intérieures de chambre de combustion

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019200593A1 (de) * 2019-01-17 2020-07-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Brennkammer

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EP1591724A1 (fr) 2005-11-02

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