EP1585933B1 - Method of assembling a pyrotechnic separation device and pyrotechnic separation device thus obtained - Google Patents

Method of assembling a pyrotechnic separation device and pyrotechnic separation device thus obtained Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1585933B1
EP1585933B1 EP04705109A EP04705109A EP1585933B1 EP 1585933 B1 EP1585933 B1 EP 1585933B1 EP 04705109 A EP04705109 A EP 04705109A EP 04705109 A EP04705109 A EP 04705109A EP 1585933 B1 EP1585933 B1 EP 1585933B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
envelope
end cap
tube
filled tube
assembly
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EP04705109A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1585933A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Morlighem
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EADS Space Transportation SA
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EADS Space Transportation SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B15/00—Self-propelled projectiles or missiles, e.g. rockets; Guided missiles
    • F42B15/36—Means for interconnecting rocket-motor and body section; Multi-stage connectors; Disconnecting means
    • F42B15/38—Ring-shaped explosive elements for the separation of rocket parts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of pyrotechnic separation, in particular to the separation of two elements of aeronautical or spacecraft, such as for example the cap or protective panels of measuring devices of a rocket and the body of the rocket.
  • the document WO 87/0706 describes a pyrotechnic separation device which comprises at least one charged tube formed of an envelope containing along its entire length a detonating cord.
  • the loaded tube is disposed between two machine elements which must be separated from each other, along a cutting zone between the two machine elements.
  • the envelope is made of a deformable metal material, and has in a first operating configuration a flattened cross section, for example oblong or oval. It is filled with a flexible material in which is placed the detonating cord.
  • the separation device is held in place within a housing traversing the cutting zone.
  • the wall of this housing has spread over its entire length, areas of weakness, which are areas where said wall is thinned.
  • WO-87/07006 does not provide an indication of the ends of the pyrotechnic separation device.
  • the separation device 110 comprises at each of its ends an initiation tip 120, which is connected on the one hand to one end of a charged tube 112 and on the other hand to a bead 180, itself connected to a firing device (not shown in Figure 5), through which is initiated the setting fire of the detonating cord, and which is distant from the separation device.
  • the separation device 110 is received in a housing 106 which is continuous over the entire length corresponding to the loaded tube 112, and which has a discontinuity corresponding to the location of the initiation tip 120 associated with said end of the separation device. 110. This discontinuity results in an opening 108 made in the wall 109 of at least one of the two machine elements which must be separated.
  • a major drawback of this configuration lies in the fact that, in the cutting zone, the edge of this opening 108 is a stress concentration zone. The stresses are all the greater the greater the length of this edge in the cutting plane, or in a plane substantially parallel to the cutting plane. It is recalled that the cutting plane is defined as being a median plane of the cutting zone between the two gear elements which must be separated.
  • the two ends of the charged tube 112 are fired in order to prevent the occurrence of a firing failure which would occur at one of these ends, which requires the presence of two initiation tips 120 and two connections with a firing cord 180.
  • the positioning of the separation device 110 in the housing 106 is such that the two end caps 120 are in close proximity to one another, which requires an opening 108 having a greater length in the cutting plane.
  • the initiation tip 120 of the prior art is a substantially rectilinear tube segment, which comprises at one end an assembly orifice 126 for its assembly with the envelope, and at the other end a firing port 124 for its connection with the firing cord 180.
  • the shape of the initiation nozzle 120 is conditioned by the manufacturing process which has just been recalled. For reasons of convenience, the introduction orifice is coincident with the firing orifice 124.
  • the firing port 124 and the assembly port 126 of the initiation tip 120 are aligned with each other in the longitudinal direction thereof, so that the flexible sheath containing the detonating cord can be introduced and slid into the initiation tip 120 and into the envelope, according to the longitudinal direction common to the initiation tip 120 and the envelope.
  • the firing orifice 124 thus serves both to connect the firing cord to the initiation tip 120, and to introduce the flexible sheath containing the detonating cord.
  • This introduction function requires that the initiation tip has a certain length, designated D in Figure 5, to guide the flexible sheath.
  • initiation tip and the firing cord are made on a connecting portion, designated 140 in FIG. 5, which occupies a certain length D1, in the longitudinal direction of the end piece. initiation, which increases all the length L, in the cutting plane, the opening 108 formed in said wall 109 of at least one of the two machine elements to be separated.
  • the deformation operation of the tube is done after its assembly with the initiation tip, because otherwise it would not be possible, or in any case very difficult, to introduce the flexible sheath containing the detonating cord in an already flattened envelope .
  • the loaded tube has a transient portion, designated 150 in FIG. 5, along which its section passes gradually of a substantially circular shape, close to the endpiece. initiation, to a substantially flattened shape, where it has been deformed.
  • This transient portion 150 occupies a certain length D2, which increases by the same length L, in the cutting plane, the opening 108 formed in said wall 109 of at least one of the two machine elements.
  • An object of the present invention is to obtain a pyrotechnic separation device which retains the main advantage of the separation device of the prior art, namely to allow a clean separation of the elements, that is to say that the residues explosive material remains inside the tube. Indeed, one of the two pieces of gear to be separated is very often a compartment in which are sophisticated electronic equipment, fragile and expensive, which should not be polluted during the separation of the elements.
  • Another object of the present invention is to minimize the constraints on the edges of the openings in the wall of at least one of the machine elements to be separated. For this, it is necessary to reduce the length of these openings in the cutting plane.
  • these three lengths D, D1, D2 are related to the method of manufacturing the pyrotechnic separation device of the prior art, which consists in assembling a rectilinear initiation tip on an empty envelope, then loading said envelope with the sheath of flexible material containing the detonating cord by an end orifice of the initiation tip, and then deforming the resulting tube, once that he has been charged and connected.
  • one solution consists in pre-loading a casing having a substantially circular cross section with the flexible sheath containing the detonating cord, and then deforming the loaded tube to give its cross section a flattened shape on its entire length, and finally to assemble the initiation tip on one end of said loaded tube, by the assembly port of the initiation tip. Therefore, the firing port of the initiation tip is only used to connect it with the firing cord, and is no longer used to introduce the flexible sheath containing the detonating cord.
  • the transient portion is removed, since the deformation of the loaded tube is along its entire length.
  • the length D2 can thus be deleted.
  • the length D1 can thus be deleted.
  • the initiation tip can be shortened, and its length D decreased, since it no longer has the role of guiding the flexible sheath containing the detonating cord for its introduction into the envelope.
  • the removal of the transient portion also has the advantage of reducing the manufacturing costs of the separation device.
  • Another object of the present invention is to ensure that the assembly between the loaded tube and the initiation tip ensures good sealing conditions to preserve the detonating cord of moisture from the ambient air.
  • the present invention therefore proposes a method of assembling a pyrotechnic separation device by which at least one initiation tip is directly connected to one end of a tube. previously loaded and deformed, said initiation tip having a reduced longitudinal dimension relative to the initiation tips of the prior art, and said assembly method ensuring the tightness of the assembly. It also proposes a pyrotechnic separation device obtained by this method.
  • the method comprises a prior step during which the loaded tube has been deformed to give its cross-section a flattened shape along its entire length.
  • said flattened cross section has an oblong or oval or elliptical shape.
  • the method comprises an initial step during which a casing having a cross section of substantially circular shape with a flexible material and a detonating cord, said flexible material forming a sheath for said detonating cord.
  • the separation device comprises more than one initiation nozzle, the succession of the above-mentioned steps is repeated for each assembly of an initiation tip with a tube end previously loaded and deformed.
  • said weld bead is made between a thinned peripheral zone of an assembly wall surrounding an assembly opening of the initiation tip and the envelope. Said weld points pass through the thinned peripheral zone of the assembly wall and penetrate into the envelope without passing through it.
  • this spot welding is performed by means of a pulsed YAG laser laser welding apparatus. Its operating parameters are adjusted in such a way that the temperature rise at the level of the detonating cord is perfectly controlled.
  • the pyrotechnic separation device comprises at least one tube loaded with a detonating cord and at least one initiation tip assembled on said charged tube by the implementation of a compliant assembly method. in the first aspect of the invention.
  • the initiation tip is provided with an assembly orifice delimited by an assembly wall which comprises a thinned peripheral zone.
  • the initiation tip has a bent shape, forming for example substantially a right angle.
  • FIG. 1 a first gear element 2 and a second gear element 4 intended to be separated are placed side by side along a cutting zone.
  • Figure 1 illustrates only a part of the two elements 2, 4, each having an overall shape of substantially circular ring.
  • This cutting zone is traversed by a peripheral housing 6 which comprises, in the illustrated example, a wall 62 belonging to the gear element 2 and a wall 64 belonging to the gear element 4.
  • Said peripheral housing 6 receives pyrotechnic separation devices 10. These are, in this example, two in number and arranged end to end. They each comprise a loaded tube 12 and two initiation tips 20. Due to the substantially circular configuration of the cutting zone of the present example, it has two substantially diametrically opposed locations, in which there are two initiation tips Each belonging to one of the separating devices 10. At these two locations, the gear element 4 has openings 8 for accommodating the initiation tips 10 and firing cords 80 (shown in FIG. by discontinuous lines in Figure 1) which connect the initiation tips 20 to a firing device (not shown), which is remote from the cutting area.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates, in longitudinal section, an end of a pyrotechnic separation device 10, which comprises a charged tube 12 and an initiation tip 20.
  • the loaded tube 12 comprises a metal casing 13, preferably of stainless steel. It is equipped throughout its length with a detonating cord 14 constituting a core of said charged tube 12, and a flexible sheath 16 which fills the space between the envelope 13 and the detonating cord 14.
  • the charged tube 12a was obtained by introducing into the casing 13 a flexible material containing the detonating cord 14, said flexible material forming a sheath 16 for said detonating cord 14.
  • Said flexible sheath 16 is made of a damping material, such as silicone.
  • the loaded tube 12 has been previously deformed over its entire length. It has a cross section of flattened shape, for example oblong, oval or elliptical. Firing the detonating cord will cause radial expansion of the charged tube 12 which will tend to assume a configuration in which it will have a substantially circular cross section.
  • the tip body 22 preferably has a bent shape.
  • the firing orifice 24 and the assembly orifice 26 have axes that intersect by forming, in the example shown, an angle substantially equal to 90 °.
  • the assembly orifice 26 has a cross section whose shape and dimensions are adapted to those of the cross section of the end of the loaded tube 12. It is delimited by an assembly wall 28 which is part of the body of the 22.
  • the assembly wall 28 has a thinned peripheral zone 30 and ends with a reinforcing ring 32.
  • the thinned peripheral zone 30 is shown on a larger scale in FIG. 3, which illustrates the actual assembly of the initiation tip 20 on the loaded tube 12.
  • the method of assembling the separation device 10 comprises a step of nesting the end of the loaded tube 12 in the assembly hole 26, and a step of joining by welding the thinned peripheral zone 30 on the envelope flattened 13.
  • This deformation is performed on the entire length of the loaded tube 12, and tends to flatten its cross section, to give it an oblong shape, or oval, or elliptical, or other flattened shape.
  • the welding is a fusion welding of metal, which is carried out by means of a pulsed YAG laser laser welding machine, whose operating parameters are regulated, so that the temperature generated at the detonating cord does not exceed not a maximum value T M.
  • this maximum value T M is set at 100 ° C.
  • the main operating parameters are the welding speed, the welding energy, the duration of the pulses, the frequency of the pulses of the laser beam, the focal length of the objective, and the firing distance.
  • a vacuum-refined stainless steel has the advantage, compared to a stainless steel that would not be refined under vacuum, a lower sensitivity to cracking that occurs sometimes during a laser welding, because of the fast solidification of the melted zones.
  • the welding step consists in producing successive soldering points 40 on the thinned peripheral zone 30, by overlapping the welding points 40 along the periphery of the thinned peripheral zone 30, so as to form one or more peripheral and continuous welding seam 42.
  • the weld points 40 of the same weld bead 42 are evenly distributed over the entire circumference of the thinned peripheral zone 30, so that said weld bead 42 is closed.
  • soldering points 40 pass through the thinned peripheral zone 30 of the assembly wall 28 and penetrate into the envelope 13 without passing through it.
  • the assembly of the initiation tip 20 on the end of the loaded tube 12 is obtained as soon as a peripheral and continuous weld bead 42 has been produced.
  • a peripheral and continuous weld bead 42 is produced.
  • the number of weld beads 42 is limited by the width of the thinned peripheral zone 30. It is preferably between two and six, and even more preferably equal to four. Said width of the thinned peripheral zone is denoted a.
  • the weld beads 42 are spaced from each other in the width direction a of the thinned peripheral zone 30. According to another preferred variant, illustrated in FIG. 3, the weld beads 42 are joined along the direction of the width a of the thinned peripheral zone 30.
  • the height of the thinned peripheral zone is denoted h1
  • the axial distance between two adjacent weld seams 42 is denoted c
  • the distance between each end weld seam 42 and each edge of the thinned peripheral zone 30 is denoted b
  • the total welding width is noted 1.
  • FIG 4 is illustrated in section and enlarged a weld spot 40. It comprises a base portion 44 which opens out to the surface of the thinned peripheral zone 30, and a foot portion 46 which enters the envelope 13.
  • the base 44 has a substantially domed shape and the foot 46 has substantially a cylindrical shape or a frustoconical shape tapering away from the base 44.
  • the end of the foot 46 penetrating the envelope 13 ends with a substantially rounded tip 47.
  • the surface of the base 44 which opens to the outside has a hollow 45.
  • the junction between the base 44 and the foot 46 substantially has a funnel-shaped profile.
  • the base 44 has a diameter d1 and its recess 45 has a height e.
  • the foot 46 has a diameter d2.
  • the foot 46 When the foot 46 has a substantially frustoconical shape, its diameter d2 is axially variable. D2p denotes the diameter d2 at the plane of the joint between the thinned peripheral zone 30 and the envelope 13.
  • the weld point 40 has a total height h2 which is the sum of a through height h1 equal to the height of the thinned peripheral zone 30 crossed by the points of welding 40 and a penetrating height h3 which corresponds to the penetration height of the weld points 40 in the envelope 13.
  • a cylindrical casing 13 made of Z2 CN 18-10 type stainless steel was also used, which had been hypertreated and not refined under vacuum.
  • the casing 13 was loaded with a silicone sheath 13 containing a detonating cord 14.
  • the loaded tube thus formed was crushed to have an oblong cross section, with two straight portions and two rounded portions.
  • a pulsed YAG laser welding method was used, with a microwelding center known as LASAG PM 300.
  • Gaseous protection was applied by means of a flow of nitrogen having a flow rate of 10 liters / minute.
  • the temperature generated at the detonation cord remained below 80 ° C.
  • Seams 40 overlapping in the circumferential direction were made to form four peripheral, continuous, and closed weld seams.
  • the welding beads 42 were joined.
  • An initiation tip 20 was used whose length D in the longitudinal direction of the loaded tube was substantially between 30 and 35 millimeters, more precisely approximately equal to 32.7 millimeters, whereas according to the prior art a initiation tip having a firing and insertion port axially aligned with the assembly orifice, and having a length D of 58.4 mm.
  • the length L, in the cutting plane, of the opening made in the wall of the machine element has been reduced to 116 millimeters, whereas with a separation device of the prior art, it would have been necessary to practice an opening having a length L of 230 mm.

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUETECHNICAL AREA

La présente invention se rapporte au domaine de la séparation pyrotechnique, notamment à la séparation de deux éléments d'engins aéronautiques ou spatiaux, comme par exemple la coiffe ou des panneaux de protection d'appareils de mesure d'une fusée et le corps de la fusée.The present invention relates to the field of pyrotechnic separation, in particular to the separation of two elements of aeronautical or spacecraft, such as for example the cap or protective panels of measuring devices of a rocket and the body of the rocket.

Elle vise un procédé d'assemblage d'un dispositif de séparation pyrotechnique selon la revendication 1, ainsi qu'un dispositif de séparation pyrotechnique selon la revendication 14 obtenu par la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé d'assemblage.It aims a method of assembling a pyrotechnic separation device according to claim 1, and a pyrotechnic separation device according to claim 14 obtained by the implementation of this assembly method.

ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTERIEURESTATE OF THE PRIOR ART

Un tel procédé d'assemblage est connu du document US 5 535 502 A, qui décrit les caractéristiques du préambule de la revendication 1.Such an assembly method is known from US 5,535,502 A, which describes the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Le document WO 87/07006 décrit un dispositif de séparation pyrotechnique qui comprend au moins un tube chargé formé d'une enveloppe contenant sur toute sa longueur un cordeau détonant. Le tube chargé est disposé entre deux éléments d'engin qui doivent être séparés l'un de l'autre, le long d'une zone de découpage entre les deux éléments d'engin.The document WO 87/0706 describes a pyrotechnic separation device which comprises at least one charged tube formed of an envelope containing along its entire length a detonating cord. The loaded tube is disposed between two machine elements which must be separated from each other, along a cutting zone between the two machine elements.

L'enveloppe est constituée d'un matériau métallique déformable, et présente dans une première configuration de fonctionnement une section transversale aplatie, par exemple oblongue ou ovale. Elle est remplie d'un matériau souple au sein duquel se trouve placé le cordeau détonant.The envelope is made of a deformable metal material, and has in a first operating configuration a flattened cross section, for example oblong or oval. It is filled with a flexible material in which is placed the detonating cord.

Le dispositif de séparation est maintenu en place à l'intérieur d'un logement parcourant la zone de découpage. La paroi de ce logement présente, réparties sur toute sa longueur, des zones d'affaiblissement, qui sont des zones où ladite paroi est amincie.The separation device is held in place within a housing traversing the cutting zone. The wall of this housing has spread over its entire length, areas of weakness, which are areas where said wall is thinned.

La mise à feu du cordeau détonant à l'une au moins des extrémités du dispositif de séparation et la propagation d'une onde de choc subséquente à l'intérieur du tube chargé provoquent la déformation de celui-ci, de proche en proche. Ledit tube chargé tend alors à prendre une deuxième configuration de fonctionnement dans laquelle il présente une section transversale circulaire. Cette expansion radiale du tube chargé a pour conséquence que les zones d'affaiblissement du logement se rompent, le long de la zone de découpage entre les deux éléments d'engin, ce qui, de proche en proche, sépare ces deux éléments d'engin.The firing of the detonating cord at at least one end of the separation device and the propagation of a subsequent shock wave inside the charged tube cause the deformation thereof, step by step. Said loaded tube then tends to take a second operating configuration in which it has a circular cross section. This radial expansion of the loaded tube has the consequence that the zones of weakening of the housing break, along the cutting zone between the two gear elements, which, step by step, separates these two gear elements. .

Le document WO-87/07006 ne fournit pas d'indication sur les extrémités du dispositif de séparation pyrotechnique.WO-87/07006 does not provide an indication of the ends of the pyrotechnic separation device.

Un dispositif de séparation pyrotechnique classique de l'art antérieur, vu au niveau de ses extrémités, est illustré sur la figure 5 en vue de dessus. De manière connue en soi, le dispositif de séparation 110 comprend à chacune de ses extrémités un embout d'initiation 120, qui est raccordé d'une part à une extrémité d'un tube chargé 112 et d'autre part à un cordon de mise à feu 180, lui-même raccordé à un dispositif de mise à feu (non représenté sur la figure 5), par l'intermédiaire duquel est initiée la mise à feu du cordeau détonant, et qui est éloigné du dispositif de séparation.A conventional pyrotechnic separation device of the prior art, seen at its ends, is illustrated in Figure 5 in top view. In a manner known per se, the separation device 110 comprises at each of its ends an initiation tip 120, which is connected on the one hand to one end of a charged tube 112 and on the other hand to a bead 180, itself connected to a firing device (not shown in Figure 5), through which is initiated the setting fire of the detonating cord, and which is distant from the separation device.

Le dispositif de séparation 110 est reçu dans un logement 106 qui est continu sur toute la longueur correspondant au tube chargé 112, et qui présente une discontinuité correspondant à l'emplacement de l'embout d'initiation 120 associé à ladite extrémité du dispositif de séparation 110. Cette discontinuité se traduit par une ouverture 108 pratiquée dans la paroi 109 de l'un au moins des deux éléments d'engin qui doivent être séparés.The separation device 110 is received in a housing 106 which is continuous over the entire length corresponding to the loaded tube 112, and which has a discontinuity corresponding to the location of the initiation tip 120 associated with said end of the separation device. 110. This discontinuity results in an opening 108 made in the wall 109 of at least one of the two machine elements which must be separated.

Un inconvénient important de cette configuration réside dans le fait que, dans la zone de découpage, le bord de cette ouverture 108 est une zone de concentration de contraintes. Les contraintes sont d'autant plus élevées qu'est grande la longueur de ce bord dans le plan de découpage, ou dans un plan sensiblement parallèle au plan de découpage. On rappelle que le plan de découpage est défini comme étant un plan médian de la zone de découpage entre les deux éléments d'engins qui doivent être séparés.A major drawback of this configuration lies in the fact that, in the cutting zone, the edge of this opening 108 is a stress concentration zone. The stresses are all the greater the greater the length of this edge in the cutting plane, or in a plane substantially parallel to the cutting plane. It is recalled that the cutting plane is defined as being a median plane of the cutting zone between the two gear elements which must be separated.

De manière connue en soi, on provoque la mise à feu aux deux extrémités du tube chargé 112, afin de parer à l'éventualité d'une défaillance de mise à feu qui se produirait à une de ces extrémités, ce qui nécessite la présence de deux embouts d'initiation 120 et de deux raccordements avec un cordon de mise à feu 180.In a manner known per se, the two ends of the charged tube 112 are fired in order to prevent the occurrence of a firing failure which would occur at one of these ends, which requires the presence of two initiation tips 120 and two connections with a firing cord 180.

De plus, lorsque la zone de découpage présente sensiblement un contour fermé comme c'est le cas par exemple pour la séparation entre la coiffe et le corps d'une fusée, le positionnement du dispositif de séparation 110 dans le logement 106 est tel que les deux embouts d'extrémité 120 se trouvent à proximité immédiate l'un de l'autre, ce qui nécessite une ouverture 108 ayant une plus grande longueur dans le plan de découpage.In addition, when the cutting zone has substantially a closed contour as is the case for example for the separation between the cap and the body of a rocket, the positioning of the separation device 110 in the housing 106 is such that the two end caps 120 are in close proximity to one another, which requires an opening 108 having a greater length in the cutting plane.

Enfin, dans le cas de structures d'engin à contour fermé de grand diamètre, pour des facilités de mise en oeuvre, il est connu par l'homme du métier de disposer deux dispositifs de séparation 110, ou trois, ou davantage, mis bout à bout et ayant chacun un embout d'initiation à chaque extrémité. Cela conduit à deux emplacements correspondant aux embouts d'initiation 120 disposés de manière à être sensiblement diamétralement opposés (ou trois, ou davantage), et donc à deux ouvertures 108 (ou trois, ou davantage) pratiquées dans la paroi 109 de l'un au moins des éléments qui doivent être séparés.Finally, in the case of closed-body structures of large diameter, for ease of implementation, it is known to those skilled in the art to have two separation devices 110, or three or more, put end end-to-end and each having an initiation tip at each end. This leads to two locations corresponding to initiation tips 120 arranged to be substantially diametrically opposed (or three or more), and therefore to two openings 108 (or three or more) formed in the wall 109 of one at least elements that must be separated.

De manière classique, l'embout d'initiation 120 de l'art antérieur est un segment de tube sensiblement rectiligne, qui comporte à une extrémité un orifice d'assemblage 126 pour son assemblage avec l'enveloppe, et à l'autre extrémité un orifice de mise à feu 124 pour son raccordement avec le cordon de mise à feu 180.Conventionally, the initiation tip 120 of the prior art is a substantially rectilinear tube segment, which comprises at one end an assembly orifice 126 for its assembly with the envelope, and at the other end a firing port 124 for its connection with the firing cord 180.

De manière connue en soi, un procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif de séparation pyrotechnique classique de l'art antérieur se déroule de la manière suivante :

  • on part d'une enveloppe, ayant une section circulaire,
  • on assemble un embout d'initiation 120 à chaque extrémité de l'enveloppe, par un procédé d'assemblage classique, par exemple par vissage dans l'orifice d'assemblage 126 de l'embout d'initiation 120,
  • on introduit ensuite la gaine contenant le cordeau détonant, par un orifice d'introduction 124 de l'embout d'initiation 120, ledit orifice d'introduction 124 étant à cet effet orienté de telle manière que son axe soit parallèle à la direction longitudinale commune à l'embout d'initiation et à l'enveloppe, puis on fait coulisser ladite gaine de proche en proche à l'intérieur de l'embout d'initiation et de l'enveloppe,
  • on raccorde un cordon de mise à feu 180 à chaque embout d'initiation 120, par exemple par vissage, dans l'orifice de mise à feu 124 de l'embout d'initiation 120,
  • on déforme enfin le tube chargé de la gaine souple contenant le cordeau détonant, pour l'amener dans sa première configuration de fonctionnement dans laquelle il présente une forme aplatie sur toute sa longueur, par un procédé approprié de déformation, par exemple par un procédé de pressage ou autre procédé d'écrasement calibré.
In a manner known per se, a method of manufacturing a conventional pyrotechnic separation device of the prior art takes place as follows:
  • we start from an envelope, having a circular section,
  • an initiation tip 120 is assembled at each end of the envelope, by a conventional assembly method, for example by screwing into the assembly opening 126 of the initiation tip 120,
  • the sheath containing the detonating cord is then introduced through an insertion orifice 124 of the initiation nozzle 120, said insertion orifice 124 being oriented in this way so that its axis is parallel to the common longitudinal direction. at the initiation tip and the envelope, and then said sheath is slid from one to the other inside the initiation tip and the envelope,
  • a firing cord 180 is connected to each initiation nozzle 120, for example by screwing, into the firing orifice 124 of the initiation nozzle 120,
  • the tube loaded with the flexible sheath containing the detonating cord is finally deformed to bring it into its first operating configuration, in which it has a flattened shape along its entire length, by an appropriate method of deformation, for example by a method of pressing or other calibrated crushing process.

La forme de l'embout d'initiation 120 est conditionnée par le procédé de fabrication qui vient d'être rappelé. Pour des raisons de commodité, l'orifice d'introduction est confondu avec l'orifice de mise à feu 124.The shape of the initiation nozzle 120 is conditioned by the manufacturing process which has just been recalled. For reasons of convenience, the introduction orifice is coincident with the firing orifice 124.

L'orifice de mise à feu 124 et l'orifice d'assemblage 126 de l'embout d'initiation 120 sont alignés l'un avec l'autre selon la direction longitudinale de celui-ci, pour que l'on puisse introduire et faire coulisser la gaine souple contenant le cordeau détonant dans l'embout d'initiation 120 puis dans l'enveloppe, selon la direction longitudinale commune à l'embout d'initiation 120 et à l'enveloppe.The firing port 124 and the assembly port 126 of the initiation tip 120 are aligned with each other in the longitudinal direction thereof, so that the flexible sheath containing the detonating cord can be introduced and slid into the initiation tip 120 and into the envelope, according to the longitudinal direction common to the initiation tip 120 and the envelope.

L'orifice de mise à feu 124 sert donc à la fois à raccorder le cordon de mise à feu sur l'embout d'initiation 120, et à introduire la gaine souple contenant le cordeau détonant. Cette fonction d'introduction nécessite que l'embout d'initiation ait une certaine longueur, désignée par D à la figure 5, pour pouvoir guider la gaine souple.The firing orifice 124 thus serves both to connect the firing cord to the initiation tip 120, and to introduce the flexible sheath containing the detonating cord. This introduction function requires that the initiation tip has a certain length, designated D in Figure 5, to guide the flexible sheath.

Le raccordement entre l'embout d'initiation et le cordon de mise à feu, se fait sur une portion de raccordement, désignée par 140 à la figure 5, qui occupe une certaine longueur D1, selon la direction longitudinale de l'embout d'initiation, qui augmente d'autant la longueur L, dans le plan de découpage, de l'ouverture 108 pratiquée dans ladite paroi 109 de l'un au moins des deux éléments d'engin qui doivent être séparés.The connection between the initiation tip and the firing cord is made on a connecting portion, designated 140 in FIG. 5, which occupies a certain length D1, in the longitudinal direction of the end piece. initiation, which increases all the length L, in the cutting plane, the opening 108 formed in said wall 109 of at least one of the two machine elements to be separated.

L'opération de déformation du tube se fait après son assemblage avec l'embout d'initiation, car sinon il ne serait pas possible, ou en tout cas très difficile, d'introduire la gaine souple contenant le cordeau détonant dans une enveloppe déjà aplatie. Il en résulte que le tube chargé présente une portion transitoire, désignée par 150 à la figure 5, le long de laquelle sa section passe progressivement d'une forme sensiblement circulaire, à proximité de l'embout d'initiation, à une forme sensiblement aplatie, là où il a été déformé. Cette portion transitoire 150 occupe une certaine longueur D2, qui augmente d'autant la longueur L, dans le plan de découpage, de l'ouverture 108 pratiquée dans ladite paroi 109 de l'un au moins des deux éléments d'engin.The deformation operation of the tube is done after its assembly with the initiation tip, because otherwise it would not be possible, or in any case very difficult, to introduce the flexible sheath containing the detonating cord in an already flattened envelope . As a result, the loaded tube has a transient portion, designated 150 in FIG. 5, along which its section passes gradually of a substantially circular shape, close to the endpiece. initiation, to a substantially flattened shape, where it has been deformed. This transient portion 150 occupies a certain length D2, which increases by the same length L, in the cutting plane, the opening 108 formed in said wall 109 of at least one of the two machine elements.

EXPOSÉ DE L'INVENTIONSTATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

Un but de la présente invention est d'obtenir un dispositif de séparation pyrotechnique qui conserve l'avantage principal du dispositif de séparation de l'art antérieur, à savoir permettre une séparation propre des éléments, c'est-à-dire que les résidus de matière explosive restent à l'intérieur du tube. En effet, l'un des deux éléments d'engin devant être séparés est très souvent un compartiment dans lequel se trouvent des équipements électroniques sophistiqués, fragiles et onéreux, qui ne doivent pas être pollués lors de la séparation des éléments.An object of the present invention is to obtain a pyrotechnic separation device which retains the main advantage of the separation device of the prior art, namely to allow a clean separation of the elements, that is to say that the residues explosive material remains inside the tube. Indeed, one of the two pieces of gear to be separated is very often a compartment in which are sophisticated electronic equipment, fragile and expensive, which should not be polluted during the separation of the elements.

Un autre but de la présente invention est de minimiser les contraintes sur les bords des ouvertures pratiquées dans la paroi de l'un au moins des éléments d'engin devant être séparés. Pour cela, il est nécessaire de réduire la longueur de ces ouvertures dans le plan de découpage.Another object of the present invention is to minimize the constraints on the edges of the openings in the wall of at least one of the machine elements to be separated. For this, it is necessary to reduce the length of these openings in the cutting plane.

Pour cela, on cherche à diminuer la longueur D de chaque embout d'initiation et/ou la longueur D1 de la portion de raccordement associée, et/ou à diminuer la longueur D2 de la portion transitoire associée.For this purpose, it is sought to reduce the length D of each initiation tip and / or the length D1 of the associated connection portion, and / or to reduce the length D2 of the associated transient portion.

Or ces trois longueurs D, D1, D2 sont liées au procédé de fabrication du dispositif de séparation pyrotechnique de l'art antérieur, qui consiste à assembler un embout d'initiation rectiligne sur une enveloppe vide, puis à charger ladite enveloppe avec la gaine de matériau souple contenant le cordeau détonant par un orifice d'extrémité de l'embout d'initiation, puis à déformer le tube résultant, une fois qu'il a été chargé et raccordé.However, these three lengths D, D1, D2 are related to the method of manufacturing the pyrotechnic separation device of the prior art, which consists in assembling a rectilinear initiation tip on an empty envelope, then loading said envelope with the sheath of flexible material containing the detonating cord by an end orifice of the initiation tip, and then deforming the resulting tube, once that he has been charged and connected.

Pour diminuer ces trois longueurs D, D1, D2, une solution consiste à charger préalablement une enveloppe ayant une section transversale sensiblement circulaire avec la gaine souple contenant le cordeau détonant, puis à déformer le tube chargé pour conférer à sa section transversale une forme aplatie sur toute sa longueur, et enfin à assembler l'embout d'initiation sur une extrémité dudit tube chargé, par l'orifice d'assemblage de l'embout d'initiation. Par conséquent, l'orifice de mise à feu de l'embout d'initiation ne sert qu'à raccorder celui-ci avec le cordon de mise à feu, et ne sert plus à introduire la gaine souple contenant le cordeau détonant.To reduce these three lengths D, D1, D2, one solution consists in pre-loading a casing having a substantially circular cross section with the flexible sheath containing the detonating cord, and then deforming the loaded tube to give its cross section a flattened shape on its entire length, and finally to assemble the initiation tip on one end of said loaded tube, by the assembly port of the initiation tip. Therefore, the firing port of the initiation tip is only used to connect it with the firing cord, and is no longer used to introduce the flexible sheath containing the detonating cord.

Il en résulte d'une part que la portion transitoire est supprimée, puisque la déformation du tube chargé se fait sur toute sa longueur. La longueur D2 peut ainsi être supprimée. Il en résulte d'autre part qu'il n'est plus nécessaire de placer l'orifice de mise à feu de manière à ce qu'il soit aligné avec l'orifice d'assemblage selon la direction longitudinale du tube chargé. La longueur D1 peut ainsi être supprimée. Il en résulte enfin que l'embout d'initiation peut être raccourci, et sa longueur D diminuée, puisqu'il n'a plus pour rôle de guider la gaine souple contenant le cordeau détonant pour son introduction dans l'enveloppe.It results firstly that the transient portion is removed, since the deformation of the loaded tube is along its entire length. The length D2 can thus be deleted. On the other hand, it is no longer necessary to place the firing orifice so that it is aligned with the assembly orifice in the longitudinal direction of the loaded tube. The length D1 can thus be deleted. Finally, it results that the initiation tip can be shortened, and its length D decreased, since it no longer has the role of guiding the flexible sheath containing the detonating cord for its introduction into the envelope.

La suppression de la portion transitoire a aussi pour avantage de réduire les coûts de fabrication du dispositif de séparation.The removal of the transient portion also has the advantage of reducing the manufacturing costs of the separation device.

Un autre but de la présente invention est de garantir que l'assemblage entre le tube chargé et l'embout d'initiation assure de bonnes conditions d'étanchéité pour préserver le cordeau détonant de l'humidité de l'air ambiant.Another object of the present invention is to ensure that the assembly between the loaded tube and the initiation tip ensures good sealing conditions to preserve the detonating cord of moisture from the ambient air.

Par conséquent, pour la fabrication d'un dispositif de séparation pyrotechnique, on est confronté au double problème suivant :

  • utiliser un tube préalablement chargé et ayant une section transversale préalablement aplatie, avant de l'assembler avec un embout d'initiation à au moins une de ses extrémités,
  • garantir l'étanchéité de cet assemblage entre l'embout d'initiation et ladite extrémité du tube préalablement chargé et préalablement déformé.
Therefore, for the manufacture of a pyrotechnic separation device, one faces the following double problem:
  • using a tube previously loaded and having a flattened cross section, before assembling it with an initiation tip at at least one of its ends,
  • guarantee the tightness of this assembly between the initiation tip and said end of the tube previously loaded and previously deformed.

Ce double problème peut être résolu au moyen d'un assemblage par soudage.This double problem can be solved by means of a welding assembly.

Mais un problème dérivé survient alors. L'échauffement des pièces lors du soudage ne doit pas provoquer la mise à feu intempestive ou la destruction du cordeau détonant qui se trouve déjà à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe au moment de l'assemblage.But a derivative problem then occurs. The heating of the parts during the welding must not cause the untimely firing or the destruction of the detonating cord which is already inside the envelope at the time of the assembly.

La présente invention propose donc un procédé d'assemblage d'un dispositif de séparation pyrotechnique par lequel on assemble directement au moins un embout d'initiation à une extrémité d'un tube préalablement chargé et déformé, ledit embout d'initiation ayant une dimension longitudinale réduite par rapport aux embouts d'initiation de l'art antérieur, et ledit procédé d'assemblage garantissant l'étanchéité de l'assemblage. Elle propose aussi un dispositif de séparation pyrotechnique obtenu par ce procédé.The present invention therefore proposes a method of assembling a pyrotechnic separation device by which at least one initiation tip is directly connected to one end of a tube. previously loaded and deformed, said initiation tip having a reduced longitudinal dimension relative to the initiation tips of the prior art, and said assembly method ensuring the tightness of the assembly. It also proposes a pyrotechnic separation device obtained by this method.

Selon un premier aspect de l'invention, le procédé d'assemblage d'un dispositif de séparation pyrotechnique comprend :

  • une étape au cours de laquelle on emboîte un tube chargé, comprenant une enveloppe contenant un cordeau détonant, dans un embout d'initiation,
  • une étape au cours de laquelle on solidarise ledit tube chargé et ledit embout d'initiation par soudage par fusion, en réalisant des points de soudure successifs qui se chevauchent de manière à former au moins un cordon de soudure périphérique, continu et fermé.
According to a first aspect of the invention, the method of assembling a pyrotechnic separation device comprises:
  • a step during which a charged tube is fitted, comprising an envelope containing a detonating cord, in an initiation tip,
  • a step during which said charged tube and said initiation tip are bonded together by fusion welding, producing successive weld points that overlap so as to form at least one peripheral, continuous and closed weld bead.

De manière préférée, le procédé comprend une étape préalable au cours de laquelle on a déformé le tube chargé pour conférer à sa section transversale une forme aplatie sur toute sa longueur.Preferably, the method comprises a prior step during which the loaded tube has been deformed to give its cross-section a flattened shape along its entire length.

De manière préférée, ladite section transversale aplatie a une forme oblongue ou ovale ou elliptique.Preferably, said flattened cross section has an oblong or oval or elliptical shape.

De manière préférée, le procédé comprend une étape initiale au cours de laquelle on a chargé une enveloppe ayant une section transversale de forme sensiblement circulaire avec un matériau souple et un cordeau détonant, ledit matériau souple formant une gaine pour ledit cordeau détonant.Preferably, the method comprises an initial step during which a casing having a cross section of substantially circular shape with a flexible material and a detonating cord, said flexible material forming a sheath for said detonating cord.

Si le dispositif de séparation comporte plus d'un embout d'initiation, la succession des étapes ci-dessus mentionnées est renouvelée pour chaque assemblage d'un embout d'initiation avec une extrémité de tube préalablement chargé et déformé.If the separation device comprises more than one initiation nozzle, the succession of the above-mentioned steps is repeated for each assembly of an initiation tip with a tube end previously loaded and deformed.

De préférence, ledit cordon de soudure est réalisé entre une zone périphérique amincie d'une paroi d'assemblage entourant un orifice d'assemblage de l'embout d'initiation et l'enveloppe. Lesdits points de soudure traversent la zone périphérique amincie de la paroi d'assemblage et pénètrent dans l'enveloppe sans la traverser.Preferably, said weld bead is made between a thinned peripheral zone of an assembly wall surrounding an assembly opening of the initiation tip and the envelope. Said weld points pass through the thinned peripheral zone of the assembly wall and penetrate into the envelope without passing through it.

De préférence, ce soudage par points est effectué au moyen d'un appareil de soudage au laser de type laser YAG pulsé. Ses paramètres de fonctionnement sont réglés de telle manière que l'élévation de température au niveau du cordeau détonant soit parfaitement maîtrisée.Preferably, this spot welding is performed by means of a pulsed YAG laser laser welding apparatus. Its operating parameters are adjusted in such a way that the temperature rise at the level of the detonating cord is perfectly controlled.

Selon un deuxième aspect de l'invention, le dispositif de séparation pyrotechnique comprend au moins un tube chargé avec un cordeau détonant et au moins un embout d'initiation assemblé sur ledit tube chargé par la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé d'assemblage conforme au premier aspect de l'invention.According to a second aspect of the invention, the pyrotechnic separation device comprises at least one tube loaded with a detonating cord and at least one initiation tip assembled on said charged tube by the implementation of a compliant assembly method. in the first aspect of the invention.

De préférence, l'embout d'initiation est doté d'un orifice d'assemblage délimité par une paroi d'assemblage qui comporte une zone périphérique amincie.Preferably, the initiation tip is provided with an assembly orifice delimited by an assembly wall which comprises a thinned peripheral zone.

De préférence, l'embout d'initiation présente une forme coudée, formant par exemple sensiblement un angle droit.Preferably, the initiation tip has a bent shape, forming for example substantially a right angle.

BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages du procédé d'assemblage et du dispositif de séparation pyrotechnique apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre d'un exemple de réalisation de l'invention, fourni à titre purement illustratif et non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'une partie d'une zone de découpage entre deux éléments d'engin, montrant deux embouts d'initiation assemblés sur deux extrémités respectives mises bout à bout de deux tubes chargés d'un dispositif de séparation pyrotechnique ;
  • la figure 2 illustre en coupe longitudinale un embout d'initiation assemblé sur une extrémité d'un tube chargé d'un dispositif de séparation pyrotechnique ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue partielle agrandie illustrant l'assemblage par soudage entre l'embout d'initiation et le tube chargé de la figure 2 ; et
  • la figure 4 est une vue en gros plan d'un point de soudure permettant d'illustrer sa forme et ses dimensions ;
  • la figure 5, déjà décrite, est une vue de dessus d'une partie d'une zone de découpage entre deux éléments d'engin, montrant deux embouts d'initiation assemblés sur deux extrémités mises bout à bout d'un tube chargé d'un dispositif de séparation pyrotechnique de l'art antérieur.
Other features and advantages of the assembly method and the pyrotechnic separation device will become apparent on reading the following detailed description of an exemplary embodiment of the invention, provided for purely illustrative and non-limiting purposes, with reference in the accompanying drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a part of a cutting zone between two machine elements, showing two initiation tips assembled on two respective end-to-end ends of two tubes loaded with a separation device. pyrotechnic;
  • Figure 2 illustrates in longitudinal section an initiation tip assembled on one end of a tube loaded with a pyrotechnic separation device;
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged partial view illustrating the welded connection between the initiation tip and the loaded tube of Figure 2; and
  • Figure 4 is a close-up view of a weld spot to illustrate its shape and dimensions;
  • FIG. 5, already described, is a view from above of a part of a cutting zone between two machine elements, showing two initiation tips assembled on two end-to-end ends of a tube loaded with a pyrotechnic separation device of the prior art.

EXPOSÉ DÉTAILLÉ D'UN MODE DE RÉALISATION PARTICULIERDETAILED PRESENTATION OF A PARTICULAR EMBODIMENT

En se référant à la figure 1, un premier élément d'engin 2 et un deuxième élément d'engin 4 destinés à être séparés sont accolés l'un à l'autre le long d'une zone de découpage. La figure 1 illustre seulement une partie des deux éléments 2, 4, qui présentent chacun une forme globale de couronne sensiblement circulaire. Cette zone de découpage est parcourue par un logement périphérique 6 qui comprend, dans l'exemple illustré, une paroi 62 appartenant à l'élément d'engin 2 et une paroi 64 appartenant à l'élément d'engin 4.With reference to FIG. 1, a first gear element 2 and a second gear element 4 intended to be separated are placed side by side along a cutting zone. Figure 1 illustrates only a part of the two elements 2, 4, each having an overall shape of substantially circular ring. This cutting zone is traversed by a peripheral housing 6 which comprises, in the illustrated example, a wall 62 belonging to the gear element 2 and a wall 64 belonging to the gear element 4.

Ledit logement périphérique 6 reçoit des dispositifs 10 de séparation pyrotechnique. Ceux-ci sont, dans le présent exemple, au nombre de deux et disposés bout à bout. Ils comprennent chacun un tube chargé 12 et deux embouts d'initiation 20. Du fait de la configuration sensiblement circulaire de la zone de découpage du présent exemple, celle-ci présente deux emplacements sensiblement diamétralement opposés, dans lesquels se trouvent deux embouts d'initiation 20 appartenant chacun à l'un des dispositifs de séparation 10. Au niveau de ces deux emplacements, l'élément d'engin 4 présente des ouvertures 8 destinées à loger les embouts d'initiation 10 et des cordons de mise à feu 80 (représentés par des traits discontinus à la figure 1) qui connectent les embouts d'initiation 20 à un dispositif de mise à feu (non représenté), qui est éloigné de la zone de découpage.Said peripheral housing 6 receives pyrotechnic separation devices 10. These are, in this example, two in number and arranged end to end. They each comprise a loaded tube 12 and two initiation tips 20. Due to the substantially circular configuration of the cutting zone of the present example, it has two substantially diametrically opposed locations, in which there are two initiation tips Each belonging to one of the separating devices 10. At these two locations, the gear element 4 has openings 8 for accommodating the initiation tips 10 and firing cords 80 (shown in FIG. by discontinuous lines in Figure 1) which connect the initiation tips 20 to a firing device (not shown), which is remote from the cutting area.

La figure 2 illustre, en coupe longitudinale, une extrémité d'un dispositif de séparation pyrotechnique 10, qui comprend un tube chargé 12 et un embout d'initiation 20.FIG. 2 illustrates, in longitudinal section, an end of a pyrotechnic separation device 10, which comprises a charged tube 12 and an initiation tip 20.

Le tube chargé 12 comprend une enveloppe métallique 13, de préférence en acier inoxydable. Il est équipé sur toute sa longueur d'un cordeau détonant 14 constituant une âme dudit tube chargé 12, et d'une gaine souple 16 qui remplit l'espace compris entre l'enveloppe 13 et le cordeau détonant 14. Le tube chargé 12 a été obtenu en introduisant dans l'enveloppe 13 un matériau souple contenant le cordeau détonant 14, ledit matériau souple formant une gaine 16 pour ledit cordeau détonant 14. Ladite gaine souple 16 est réalisée en un matériau amortisseur, comme par exemple du silicone.The loaded tube 12 comprises a metal casing 13, preferably of stainless steel. It is equipped throughout its length with a detonating cord 14 constituting a core of said charged tube 12, and a flexible sheath 16 which fills the space between the envelope 13 and the detonating cord 14. The charged tube 12a was obtained by introducing into the casing 13 a flexible material containing the detonating cord 14, said flexible material forming a sheath 16 for said detonating cord 14. Said flexible sheath 16 is made of a damping material, such as silicone.

Le tube chargé 12 a été préalablement déformé sur toute sa longueur. Il présente une section transversale de forme aplatie, par exemple oblongue, ovale ou elliptique. Une mise à feu du cordeau détonant provoquera une expansion radiale du tube chargé 12 qui tendra à adopter une configuration dans laquelle il présentera une section transversale sensiblement circulaire.The loaded tube 12 has been previously deformed over its entire length. It has a cross section of flattened shape, for example oblong, oval or elliptical. Firing the detonating cord will cause radial expansion of the charged tube 12 which will tend to assume a configuration in which it will have a substantially circular cross section.

L'embout d'initiation 20 est un embout métallique, de préférence en acier inoxydable affiné sous vide, qui présente une longueur D selon sa direction longitudinale qui est aussi la direction longitudinale du tube chargé 12. Il comprend :

  • un corps d'embout 22,
  • un orifice de mise à feu 24 destiné au raccordement avec un cordon de mise à feu 80 (représenté par des traits discontinus à la figure 1), qui est sur l'exemple illustré un raccordement de type vissé, et
  • un orifice d'assemblage 26 pour son assemblage avec le tube chargé 12.
The initiation tip 20 is a metal tip, preferably vacuum-refined stainless steel, which has a length D along its longitudinal direction which is also the longitudinal direction of the loaded tube 12. It comprises:
  • a tip body 22,
  • a firing port 24 for connection with a firing cord 80 (shown by dashed lines in Figure 1), which is in the example illustrated a screw-type connection, and
  • an assembly opening 26 for its assembly with the loaded tube 12.

Le corps d'embout 22 présente de préférence une forme coudée. L'orifice de mise à feu 24 et l'orifice d'assemblage 26 ont des axes qui se coupent en formant, dans l'exemple illustré, un angle sensiblement égal à 90°.The tip body 22 preferably has a bent shape. The firing orifice 24 and the assembly orifice 26 have axes that intersect by forming, in the example shown, an angle substantially equal to 90 °.

L'orifice d'assemblage 26 présente une section transversale dont la forme et les dimensions sont adaptées à celles de la section transversale de l'extrémité du tube chargé 12. Il est délimité par une paroi d'assemblage 28 qui fait partie du corps d'embout 22. La paroi d'assemblage 28 présente une zone périphérique amincie 30 et se termine par un anneau de renfort 32.The assembly orifice 26 has a cross section whose shape and dimensions are adapted to those of the cross section of the end of the loaded tube 12. It is delimited by an assembly wall 28 which is part of the body of the 22. The assembly wall 28 has a thinned peripheral zone 30 and ends with a reinforcing ring 32.

La zone périphérique amincie 30 est représentée à plus grande échelle à la figure 3, qui illustre l'assemblage proprement dit de l'embout d'initiation 20 sur le tube chargé 12.The thinned peripheral zone 30 is shown on a larger scale in FIG. 3, which illustrates the actual assembly of the initiation tip 20 on the loaded tube 12.

Le procédé d'assemblage du dispositif de séparation 10 comprend une étape d'emboîtement de l'extrémité du tube chargé 12 dans l'orifice d'assemblage 26, et une étape de solidarisation par soudage de la zone périphérique amincie 30 sur l'enveloppe aplatie 13.The method of assembling the separation device 10 comprises a step of nesting the end of the loaded tube 12 in the assembly hole 26, and a step of joining by welding the thinned peripheral zone 30 on the envelope flattened 13.

Ces deux étapes peuvent être précédées par une étape de chargement de l'enveloppe 13 avec le cordeau détonant 14 entouré de sa gaine souple 16, et/ou par une étape de déformation de la section transversale du tube chargé 12. Cette déformation est effectuée sur toute la longueur du tube chargé 12, et tend à aplatir sa section transversale, pour lui conférer une forme oblongue, ou ovale, ou elliptique, ou autre forme aplatie.These two steps may be preceded by a step of loading the envelope 13 with the detonating cord 14 surrounded by its flexible sheath 16, and / or by a step of deformation of the cross section of the loaded tube 12. This deformation is performed on the entire length of the loaded tube 12, and tends to flatten its cross section, to give it an oblong shape, or oval, or elliptical, or other flattened shape.

Le soudage est un soudage par fusion de métal, qui est effectué au moyen d'un appareil de soudage au laser de type laser YAG pulsé, dont on règle les paramètres de fonctionnement, de sorte que la température générée au niveau du cordeau détonant ne dépasse pas une valeur maximale TM. De préférence, cette valeur maximale TM est fixée à 100°C. Les principaux paramètres de fonctionnement sont la vitesse de soudage, l'énergie de soudage, la durée des impulsions, la fréquence des impulsions du faisceau laser, la focale de l'objectif, et la distance de tir.The welding is a fusion welding of metal, which is carried out by means of a pulsed YAG laser laser welding machine, whose operating parameters are regulated, so that the temperature generated at the detonating cord does not exceed not a maximum value T M. Preferably, this maximum value T M is set at 100 ° C. The main operating parameters are the welding speed, the welding energy, the duration of the pulses, the frequency of the pulses of the laser beam, the focal length of the objective, and the firing distance.

Le procédé de soudage influence le choix du matériau constitutif de l'embout d'initiation. En effet, un acier inoxydable affiné sous vide présente comme avantage, par rapport à un acier inoxydable qui ne serait pas affiné sous vide, une moindre sensibilité à la fissuration qui se produit parfois au cours d'un soudage au laser, du fait de la solidification rapide des zones fondues.The welding process influences the choice of material constituting the initiation tip. Indeed, a vacuum-refined stainless steel has the advantage, compared to a stainless steel that would not be refined under vacuum, a lower sensitivity to cracking that occurs sometimes during a laser welding, because of the fast solidification of the melted zones.

L'étape de soudage consiste à réaliser des points de soudure 40 successifs sur la zone périphérique amincie 30, en faisant se chevaucher les points de soudure 40 le long de la périphérie de la zone périphérique amincie 30, de manière à former un ou plusieurs cordon(s) de soudage 42 périphérique(s) et continu(s).The welding step consists in producing successive soldering points 40 on the thinned peripheral zone 30, by overlapping the welding points 40 along the periphery of the thinned peripheral zone 30, so as to form one or more peripheral and continuous welding seam 42.

De préférence, les points de soudure 40 d'un même cordon de soudure 42 sont régulièrement répartis sur la totalité de la circonférence de la zone périphérique amincie 30, de sorte que ledit cordon de soudure 42 est fermé.Preferably, the weld points 40 of the same weld bead 42 are evenly distributed over the entire circumference of the thinned peripheral zone 30, so that said weld bead 42 is closed.

Comme on le voit distinctement sur la figure 3, les points de soudure 40 traversent la zone périphérique amincie 30 de la paroi d'assemblage 28, et pénètrent dans l'enveloppe 13 sans la traverser.As can be seen clearly in FIG. 3, the soldering points 40 pass through the thinned peripheral zone 30 of the assembly wall 28 and penetrate into the envelope 13 without passing through it.

L'assemblage de l'embout d'initiation 20 sur l'extrémité du tube chargé 12 est obtenu dès que l'on a réalisé un cordon de soudure 42 périphérique et continu. Pour améliorer la tenue mécanique et l'étanchéité de l'assemblage, on préfère réaliser plusieurs cordons de soudure 42 périphériques et continus, qui sont sensiblement parallèles entre eux. Le nombre de cordons de soudure 42 est limité par la largeur de la zone périphérique amincie 30. Il est de préférence compris entre deux et six, et de manière encore plus préférée égal à quatre. Ladite largeur de la zone périphérique amincie est notée a.The assembly of the initiation tip 20 on the end of the loaded tube 12 is obtained as soon as a peripheral and continuous weld bead 42 has been produced. To improve the mechanical strength and tightness of the assembly, it is preferred to produce several peripheral and continuous welding beads 42, which are substantially parallel to each other. The number of weld beads 42 is limited by the width of the thinned peripheral zone 30. It is preferably between two and six, and even more preferably equal to four. Said width of the thinned peripheral zone is denoted a.

Selon une variante de réalisation, les cordons de soudure 42 sont espacés les uns des autres selon la direction de la largeur a de la zone périphérique amincie 30. Selon une autre variante préférée, illustrée à la figure 3, les cordons de soudure 42 sont jointifs selon la direction de la largeur a de la zone périphérique amincie 30.According to an alternative embodiment, the weld beads 42 are spaced from each other in the width direction a of the thinned peripheral zone 30. According to another preferred variant, illustrated in FIG. 3, the weld beads 42 are joined along the direction of the width a of the thinned peripheral zone 30.

La hauteur de la zone périphérique amincie est notée h1, la distance axiale entre deux cordons de soudure 42 adjacents est notée c, la distance entre chaque cordon de soudure 42 d'extrémité et chaque bord de la zone périphérique amincie 30 est notée b, et la largeur totale de soudage est notée 1.The height of the thinned peripheral zone is denoted h1, the axial distance between two adjacent weld seams 42 is denoted c, the distance between each end weld seam 42 and each edge of the thinned peripheral zone 30 is denoted b, and the total welding width is noted 1.

Sur la figure 4 est illustré en coupe et de manière agrandie un point de soudure 40. Il comporte une partie formant base 44 qui débouche à l'extérieur à la surface de la zone périphérique amincie 30, et une partie formant pied 46 qui pénètre dans l'enveloppe 13. La base 44 présente sensiblement une forme de dôme et le pied 46 présente sensiblement une forme cylindrique ou une forme tronconique s'amenuisant en s'éloignant de la base 44. L'extrémité du pied 46 pénétrant dans l'enveloppe 13 se termine par un bout 47 sensiblement arrondi. La surface de la base 44 qui débouche à l'extérieur présente un creux 45. La jonction entre la base 44 et le pied 46 présente sensiblement un profil en forme d'entonnoir. La base 44 présente un diamètre d1 et son creux 45 présente une hauteur e. Le pied 46 présente un diamètre d2. Lorsque le pied 46 présente une forme sensiblement tronconique, son diamètre d2 est axialement variable. On désigne par d2p le diamètre d2 au niveau du plan de joint entre la zone périphérique amincie 30 et l'enveloppe 13. Le point de soudure 40 présente une hauteur totale h2 qui est la somme d'une hauteur traversante h1 égale à la hauteur de la zone périphérique amincie 30 traversée par les points de soudure 40 et d'une hauteur pénétrante h3 qui correspond à la hauteur de pénétration des points de soudure 40 dans l'enveloppe 13.In Figure 4 is illustrated in section and enlarged a weld spot 40. It comprises a base portion 44 which opens out to the surface of the thinned peripheral zone 30, and a foot portion 46 which enters the envelope 13. The base 44 has a substantially domed shape and the foot 46 has substantially a cylindrical shape or a frustoconical shape tapering away from the base 44. The end of the foot 46 penetrating the envelope 13 ends with a substantially rounded tip 47. The surface of the base 44 which opens to the outside has a hollow 45. The junction between the base 44 and the foot 46 substantially has a funnel-shaped profile. The base 44 has a diameter d1 and its recess 45 has a height e. The foot 46 has a diameter d2. When the foot 46 has a substantially frustoconical shape, its diameter d2 is axially variable. D2p denotes the diameter d2 at the plane of the joint between the thinned peripheral zone 30 and the envelope 13. The weld point 40 has a total height h2 which is the sum of a through height h1 equal to the height of the thinned peripheral zone 30 crossed by the points of welding 40 and a penetrating height h3 which corresponds to the penetration height of the weld points 40 in the envelope 13.

ExempleExample

On a utilisé un embout d'initiation 20 en acier inoxydable de type EZ2 CN 18-10, hypertrempé et affiné sous vide, comportant une paroi d'assemblage 28 ayant une zone périphérique amincie 30 d'une largeur a = 6,2 mm, et d'une hauteur h1 = 0,95 mm.An initiation tip 20 made of EZ2 CN 18-10 type stainless steel, hyper-tempered and vacuum-refined, having an assembly wall 28 having a thinned peripheral zone 30 having a width a = 6.2 mm, was used. and a height h1 = 0.95 mm.

On a également utilisé une enveloppe cylindrique 13 en acier inoxydable de type Z2 CN 18-10, hypertrempé et non affiné sous vide.A cylindrical casing 13 made of Z2 CN 18-10 type stainless steel was also used, which had been hypertreated and not refined under vacuum.

L'enveloppe 13 a été chargée avec une gaine de silicone 13 contenant un cordeau détonant 14. Le tube chargé ainsi formé a été écrasé pour avoir une section transversale de forme oblongue, avec deux parties droites et deux parties arrondies.The casing 13 was loaded with a silicone sheath 13 containing a detonating cord 14. The loaded tube thus formed was crushed to have an oblong cross section, with two straight portions and two rounded portions.

On a utilisé un procédé de soudage par laser YAG pulsé, avec un centre de microsoudage connu sous la dénomination LASAG PM 300.A pulsed YAG laser welding method was used, with a microwelding center known as LASAG PM 300.

On a réglé ses paramètres de fonctionnement de la manière suivante :

  • vitesse de soudage sur les parties droites : 45 millimètres/minute
  • vitesse de soudage sur les parties arrondies : 540 degrés/minute
  • énergie impulsionnelle : 18 joules
  • durée des impulsions : 6 millisecondes
  • fréquence des impulsions : 3 hertz
  • focale de l'objectif : 150 millimètres
  • distance de tir : 125,6 millimètres
Its operating parameters have been adjusted as follows:
  • welding speed on the straight parts: 45 mm / minute
  • welding speed on rounded parts: 540 degrees / minute
  • impulse energy: 18 joules
  • pulse duration: 6 milliseconds
  • pulse frequency: 3 Hz
  • focal length of the lens: 150 millimeters
  • firing distance: 125.6 millimeters

On a appliqué une protection gazeuse au moyen d'un flux d'azote ayant un débit de 10 litres/minute.Gaseous protection was applied by means of a flow of nitrogen having a flow rate of 10 liters / minute.

La température générée au niveau du cordeau détonant est restée inférieure à 80°C.The temperature generated at the detonation cord remained below 80 ° C.

On a réalisé des points de soudure 40 se chevauchant selon la direction périphérique de manière à former quatre cordons de soudure 42 périphériques, continus, et fermés. Les cordons de soudure 42 étaient jointifs. La distance axiale entre deux cordons de soudure 42 adjacents était c = 0,9 mm. La distance entre chaque cordon de soudure le plus extérieur et le bord correspondant de la zone périphérique amincie était b = 1,75 mm. La largeur totale de soudage était 1 = 4,2 mm.Seams 40 overlapping in the circumferential direction were made to form four peripheral, continuous, and closed weld seams. The welding beads 42 were joined. The axial distance between two adjacent weld beads 42 was c = 0.9 mm. The distance between each outermost weld bead and the corresponding edge of the thinned peripheral zone was b = 1.75 mm. The total welding width was 1 = 4.2 mm.

Les points de soudure 40 présentaient les dimensions suivantes :

  • hauteur totale : h2 = 1,2 à 1,4 mm,
  • hauteur traversante : h1 = 0,95 mm,
  • hauteur pénétrante : h3 = h2 - h1 = 0,25 à 0,45 mm,
  • diamètre de base : 1,2 mm ≤ d1 ≤ 1,6 mm,
  • hauteur moyenne du creux dans la base : e ≤ 0,2 mm,
  • diamètre de pied au niveau du plan de joint entre la zone périphérique amincie 30 et l'enveloppe 13 : d2p ≥ 0,4 mm.
The soldering points 40 had the following dimensions:
  • total height: h2 = 1.2 to 1.4 mm,
  • through height: h1 = 0.95 mm,
  • penetrating height: h3 = h2 - h1 = 0.25 to 0.45 mm,
  • basic diameter: 1.2 mm ≤ d1 ≤ 1.6 mm,
  • average height of the depression in the base: e ≤ 0.2 mm,
  • foot diameter at the joint plane between the thinned peripheral zone 30 and the envelope 13: d2p ≥ 0.4 mm.

On a utilisé un embout d'initiation 20 dont la longueur D selon la direction longitudinale du tube chargé était sensiblement comprise entre 30 et 35 millimètres, plus précisément sensiblement égale à 32,7 millimètres, alors que selon l'art antérieur on aurait utilisé un embout d'initiation comportant un orifice de mise à feu et d'introduction axialement aligné avec l'orifice d'assemblage, et présentant une longueur D de 58,4 mm.An initiation tip 20 was used whose length D in the longitudinal direction of the loaded tube was substantially between 30 and 35 millimeters, more precisely approximately equal to 32.7 millimeters, whereas according to the prior art a initiation tip having a firing and insertion port axially aligned with the assembly orifice, and having a length D of 58.4 mm.

On a réduit la longueur L, dans le plan de découpage, de l'ouverture pratiquée dans la paroi de l'élément d'engin à 116 millimètres, alors qu'avec un dispositif de séparation de l'art antérieur, on aurait dû pratiquer une ouverture ayant une longueur L de 230 mm.The length L, in the cutting plane, of the opening made in the wall of the machine element has been reduced to 116 millimeters, whereas with a separation device of the prior art, it would have been necessary to practice an opening having a length L of 230 mm.

L'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation et à l'exemple qui viennent d'être décrits. Elle englobe des modifications et adaptations qui sont à la portée de l'homme du métier.The invention is not limited to the embodiment and to the example which have just been described. It encompasses modifications and adaptations that are within the reach of those skilled in the art.

Claims (22)

  1. Method for the assembly of a pyrotechnic separation device (10), comprising a stage during which a filled tube (12), comprising an envelope (13) containing a detonating cord (14), is fitted into an initiating end cap (20) and a stage during which said previously filled tube (12) and said initiating end cap (20) are joined by welding, characterized in that the joining of said tube and said end cap takes place by fusion welding, by implementing successive weld points (40) overlapping so as to form at least one peripheral, continuous and closed bead (42).
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a prior stage during which the filled tube is deformed.
  3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the filled tube (12) is deformed in order to give its cross-section a flattened shape over its entire length.
  4. Method according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said filled tube (12) has a cross-section with an oblong or oval or elliptical shape.
  5. Method according to any one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises an initial stage during which the envelope is filled with a flexible material containing the detonating cord in such a way as to form the said filled tube.
  6. Method according to any one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said bead (42) is formed between the envelope (13) and a thinned down, peripheral zone (30) of an assembly wall (28) surrounding an assembly orifice (26) of the initiating end cap (20).
  7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the weld points (40) traverse the thinned down, peripheral zone (30) of assembly wall (28) and penetrate envelope (13).
  8. Method according to any one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that substantially parallel beads (42) are formed and there are between two and six such beads.
  9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that four beads (42) are formed.
  10. Method according to any one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that on producing more than one bead (42), said beads (42) are spaced from one another.
  11. Method according to any one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that when more than one bead (42) is produced, said beads (42) are contiguous.
  12. Method according to any one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that welding is carried out by means of a pulsed YAG laser, whose operating parameters are governed in such a way that the temperature generated at the detonating cord does not exceed a maximum temperature value (TM).
  13. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that the maximum temperature value (TM) is fixed at 100°C.
  14. Pyrotechnic separation device (10) comprising an initiating end cap (20) and a filled tube (12) with a detonating cord (14), characterized in that said initiating end cap (20) is assembled with said filled tube (12) by implementing an assembly method according to any one of the claims 1 to 13.
  15. Device (10) according to claim 14, characterized in that the filled tube (12) is formed by an envelope (13) into which has been introduced a flexible sheath (16) containing the detonating cord (14).
  16. Device (10) according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that said filled tube (12) has a cross-section with a flattened shape.
  17. Device (10) according to any one of the claims 14 to 16, characterized in that said filled tube (12) has a cross-section with an oblong or oval or elliptical shape.
  18. Device (10) according to any one of the claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the envelope (13) and initiating end cap (20) are both made from stainless steel.
  19. Device (10) according to any one of the claims 14 to 18, characterized in that the envelope (13) is made from hyperhardened stainless steel of type Z2 CN 18-10.
  20. Device (10) according to any one of the claims 14 to 19, characterized in that the initiating end cap (20) is made from a vacuum refined, hyperhardened stainless steel type EZ2 CN 18-10.
  21. Device (10) according to any one of the claims 14 to 20, characterized in that the initiating end cap (20) has an assembly orifice (26) surrounded by an assembly wall (28) having a thinned down, peripheral zone (30).
  22. Device (10) according to any one of the claims 14 to 21, characterized in that the initiating end cap (20) has an angled shape.
EP04705109A 2003-01-24 2004-01-26 Method of assembling a pyrotechnic separation device and pyrotechnic separation device thus obtained Expired - Lifetime EP1585933B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0300778A FR2850454B1 (en) 2003-01-24 2003-01-24 METHOD FOR ASSEMBLING A PYROTECHNIC SEPARATION DEVICE, AND PYROTECHNIC SEPARATION DEVICE OBTAINED THEREBY
FR0300778 2003-01-24
PCT/FR2004/050032 WO2004068062A1 (en) 2003-01-24 2004-01-26 Method of assembling a pyrotechnic separation device and pyrotechnic separation device thus obtained

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1585933A1 EP1585933A1 (en) 2005-10-19
EP1585933B1 true EP1585933B1 (en) 2006-07-26

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04705109A Expired - Lifetime EP1585933B1 (en) 2003-01-24 2004-01-26 Method of assembling a pyrotechnic separation device and pyrotechnic separation device thus obtained

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1585933B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2268623T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2850454B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2004068062A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10940341B2 (en) 2013-03-06 2021-03-09 Airbus Canada Limited Partnership Interface between fire suppressant conduit and cargo compartment of an aircraft

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8141491B1 (en) * 2009-08-18 2012-03-27 Raytheon Company Expanding tube separation device
RU2475692C2 (en) * 2011-03-03 2013-02-20 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Научно-производственное объединение им. С.А. Лавочкина" Pyromechanical separation system of combined type
FR3009284B1 (en) * 2013-08-01 2017-06-09 Astrium Sas METHOD AND DEVICE FOR BINDING AND SEPARATING TWO ELEMENTS WITH MIXED BONDING AND SEPARATION MEANS

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3698281A (en) * 1970-02-27 1972-10-17 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Explosive system
FR2598796B1 (en) 1986-05-16 1990-04-20 Aerospatiale DEVICE FOR PYROTECHNIC SEPARATION OF TWO ELEMENTS
US5390606A (en) * 1992-11-02 1995-02-21 Orbital Sciences Corporation Frangible joint separation system
US5898123A (en) * 1997-05-01 1999-04-27 The Ensign-Bickford Company Sealing device and a method for assembly thereof
US6021715A (en) * 1997-05-02 2000-02-08 The Ensign-Bickford Company Manifold for coupling with a tube and method thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10940341B2 (en) 2013-03-06 2021-03-09 Airbus Canada Limited Partnership Interface between fire suppressant conduit and cargo compartment of an aircraft

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2850454B1 (en) 2005-04-15
FR2850454A1 (en) 2004-07-30
EP1585933A1 (en) 2005-10-19
ES2268623T3 (en) 2007-03-16
WO2004068062A1 (en) 2004-08-12

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