EP1585679A1 - Sicherheitsbeh lter f r biologisch aktive substanzen un d verfahren zu deren herstellung - Google Patents
Sicherheitsbeh lter f r biologisch aktive substanzen un d verfahren zu deren herstellungInfo
- Publication number
- EP1585679A1 EP1585679A1 EP04700982A EP04700982A EP1585679A1 EP 1585679 A1 EP1585679 A1 EP 1585679A1 EP 04700982 A EP04700982 A EP 04700982A EP 04700982 A EP04700982 A EP 04700982A EP 1585679 A1 EP1585679 A1 EP 1585679A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- container
- biologically active
- filled
- coating
- treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- PJVWKTKQMONHTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N warfarin Chemical compound OC=1C2=CC=CC=C2OC(=O)C=1C(CC(=O)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 PJVWKTKQMONHTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002578 wasp venom Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940118846 witch hazel Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011276 wood tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004855 xantinol nicotinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000537 xipamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MTZBBNMLMNBNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N xipamide Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1NC(=O)C1=CC(S(N)(=O)=O)=C(Cl)C=C1O MTZBBNMLMNBNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000833 xylometazoline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZPUHVPYXSITYDI-HEUWMMRCSA-N xyotax Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O.O([C@@H]1[C@@]2(C[C@@H](C(C)=C(C2(C)C)[C@H](C([C@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]3OC[C@]3([C@H]21)OC(C)=O)=O)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZPUHVPYXSITYDI-HEUWMMRCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940051021 yellow-fever virus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000317 yohimbine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BLGXFZZNTVWLAY-SCYLSFHTSA-N yohimbine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCN3C[C@@H]4CC[C@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H]4C[C@H]33)C(=O)OC)=C3NC2=C1 BLGXFZZNTVWLAY-SCYLSFHTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AADVZSXPNRLYLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N yohimbine carboxylic acid Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CCN3CC4CCC(C(C4CC33)C(O)=O)O)=C3NC2=C1 AADVZSXPNRLYLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000523 zalcitabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004010 zaleplon Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HUNXMJYCHXQEGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N zaleplon Chemical compound CCN(C(C)=O)C1=CC=CC(C=2N3N=CC(=C3N=CC=2)C#N)=C1 HUNXMJYCHXQEGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001028 zanamivir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ARAIBEBZBOPLMB-UFGQHTETSA-N zanamivir Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](N=C(N)N)C=C(C(O)=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO ARAIBEBZBOPLMB-UFGQHTETSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002555 zidovudine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HBOMLICNUCNMMY-XLPZGREQSA-N zidovudine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](N=[N+]=[N-])C1 HBOMLICNUCNMMY-XLPZGREQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940062776 zinc aspartate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- POEVDIARYKIEGF-CEOVSRFSSA-L zinc;(2s)-2-aminobutanedioate;hydron Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O.[O-]C(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O POEVDIARYKIEGF-CEOVSRFSSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PICXIOQBANWBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;1-oxidopyridine-2-thione Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]N1C=CC=CC1=S.[O-]N1C=CC=CC1=S PICXIOQBANWBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960004276 zoledronic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XRASPMIURGNCCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zoledronic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)C(P(O)(O)=O)(O)CN1C=CN=C1 XRASPMIURGNCCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULSDMUVEXKOYBU-ZDUSSCGKSA-N zolmitriptan Chemical compound C1=C2C(CCN(C)C)=CNC2=CC=C1C[C@H]1COC(=O)N1 ULSDMUVEXKOYBU-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001360 zolmitriptan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001475 zolpidem Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZAFYATHCZYHLPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N zolpidem Chemical compound N1=C2C=CC(C)=CN2C(CC(=O)N(C)C)=C1C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 ZAFYATHCZYHLPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000820 zopiclone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HDOZVRUNCMBHFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zotepine Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC1=CC2=CC=CC=C2SC2=CC=C(Cl)C=C12 HDOZVRUNCMBHFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFPIAZLQTJBIFN-DVZOWYKESA-N zuclopenthixol Chemical compound C1CN(CCO)CCN1CC\C=C\1C2=CC(Cl)=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C2/1 WFPIAZLQTJBIFN-DVZOWYKESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004141 zuclopenthixol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D23/00—Details of bottles or jars not otherwise provided for
- B65D23/08—Coverings or external coatings
- B65D23/0807—Coatings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D23/00—Details of bottles or jars not otherwise provided for
- B65D23/08—Coverings or external coatings
- B65D23/0807—Coatings
- B65D23/0814—Coatings characterised by the composition of the material
- B65D23/0821—Coatings characterised by the composition of the material consisting mainly of polymeric materials
Definitions
- the invention relates to safety containers for biologically active substances, in particular cytotoxic substances, with increased or high resistance to breakage and splintering as well as a contamination-free outer surface, a method for the production thereof, and the use of a medium which contains at least one polymer for decontaminating the outer surface a container filled with a biologically active substance, sealed and possibly labeled.
- Bioly active substances are used every day in all areas of life.
- the use of pharmaceuticals in human and veterinary medicine or of crop protection agents such as herbicides, fungicides and insecticides in crop protection are particularly worth mentioning here.
- the fields of application of biologically active substances in human and veterinary medicine are, for example, the therapy of diseases, such as the chemotherapy of tumor diseases through the administration of cytostatics, the diagnosis of diseases and hereditary systems (for example as a substrate for enzyme reactions), analysis (for example as Reference substances) and genetic engineering (e.g. for the selection of cell lines).
- cytostatics must be administered to the patient by injection or infusion. Numerous people, such as pharmacists, doctors, nurses and nursing staff, are involved in the preparation and implementation of such administrations for inpatient treatment in hospitals or outpatient treatment in specialized medical practices.
- the pharmaceutical industry must ensure that no traces of the biologically active substance, for example the cytotoxic substance, adhere to the outer surface of the container after the packaging process or that they are only present in an inactive form that no longer pollutes the environment.
- the biologically active substance for example the cytotoxic substance
- the packaging unit for example the injection bottle (vial) containing the biologically active substance, such as a cytotoxic substance
- a washing medium preferably a washing solution.
- traces of the order of a few ng of the biologically active substance per vial can still be detected after the washing process.
- a common limit is, for example, ⁇ 1 ⁇ g per injection bottle.
- the packaging unit has been covered in the prior art with a "sleeve” or "clear cylindrical shrink-wrap film” made of plastic proposed.
- the disadvantage of this method is that the packaging unit or the container is covered by the "sleeve" only on the sides and not on the underside.
- Another disadvantage is that the production must be carried out at temperatures above room temperature. This can impair the purity, shelf life, effectiveness and the visual appearance of temperature-sensitive substances.
- Another disadvantage is that a separate "sleeve" must be adapted for different dimensions (height, width, depth) and shape of the packaging unit. This makes the production time and cost intensive.
- the Doxorubicine preparation from Faulding Asta Medica is a practical example of a sleeve insert.
- the second solution to the problem described in the prior art is to wrap the packaging unit with a second packaging, for example made of plastic.
- a suitable "overpack" must be made depending on the size of the packaging unit.
- the overall packaging becomes very voluminous and bulky.
- the handling is also complicated: The people handling the packaging unit (e.g. pharmacist, doctor, nursing staff) first have to open the outer packaging in order to be able to access the packaging unit in the first place. Furthermore, the opening process represents an additional source of danger for the protective equipment (e.g. tear-sensitive gloves) of the handling personnel.
- the protective equipment e.g. tear-sensitive gloves
- containers that are filled with a biologically active substance must have a high resistance to breakage and splintering.
- the breaking strength of the container containing the biologically active substance depends on the one hand on the material of the container.
- Containers made of plastic are usually more break-proof than containers made of glass. Compared to glass, however, plastic has the disadvantage that it ages more quickly (material fatigue), that it can react with the biologically active or other ingredients to chemical and / or physical reactions or contaminate them (e.g. due to the release of plasticizers from the plastic) and that In contrast to glass, it is difficult for certain plastics to be shaped into the desired shaped articles.
- the splinter resistance depends, for example, on the elasticity and the brittleness of the material of the molded body or container.
- Containers made of plastic usually have an increased resistance to splintering compared to containers made of glass. Due to the higher elasticity, plastic absorbs more impact or impact energy.
- the resistance to breakage and splintering must also be present during the transport of the containers, usually in a larger container.
- the safety container and packaging e.g. a cardboard box or plastic material, e.g. Styropor ®
- the safety container and packaging e.g. a cardboard box or plastic material, e.g. Styropor ®
- there should be increased resistance to breakage and splintering so that a suitable packaging can be adapted. Breakage and splinter resistance is particularly preferred in the event that the security containers come into contact with one another, since then a simpler and therefore less expensive and more space-saving packaging can be selected.
- safety containers for biologically active substances with increased or high resistance to breakage and splintering as well as contamination-free outer surface can be obtained by completely or partially coating the outer surface of the filled, closed and, if necessary, labeled container by the treatment has been applied with a medium which contains at least one polymer.
- the term “wholly or partially” is to be understood to mean that preferably all of the container areas relevant for stability or contamination are coated.
- the container eg glass vial
- the top neck area of the container could only be partially coated, with the top neck area of the The container remains uncoated, which is unproblematic if this part of the container never bursts and it does not belong to the handle area either, so that contamination of the container possibly remaining in this uncoated area has no consequences based on the present disclosure of the invention and the circumstances that may need to be added (for example the degree of toxicity of the substance to be filled) within the scope of his routine work.
- a filled, closed and possibly labeled safety container for biologically active substances with increased or high resistance to breakage and splintering and contamination-free outer surface the container being a hollow body with at least one opening, one closure per opening, if necessary comprises a label and at least one biologically active substance filled in the hollow body, characterized in that a coating has been applied in whole or in part to the filled, closed and possibly labeled container.
- a security container is provided which has been provided with a label before the coating is applied.
- a safety container which has been treated with a washing medium before the application of the coating to the filled, closed and possibly labeled container.
- a security container according to one of the above aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the coating takes place at room temperature, is provided.
- the safety container according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable as a packaging container for temperature-sensitive, biologically active substances.
- a security container according to one of the above aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the coating has been applied completely or almost completely to the container, is provided.
- a security container according to one of the above aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the container is made of glass, plastic or glass coated with plastic on the inside or outside, is provided.
- Suitable types of glass are, for example, glass types I - III. Glass type I can be used for liquid products and glass type III for solids, for example. The nature of the types of glass is described in USP and EP (USP 26 - 2003; Chapter 661 Containers; Pages 2142 - 2145 // EP 4th edition: Grundtechnik 2002; Chapter 3.2 Containers; Pages 331 - 335).
- Suitable plastics are, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and Topas® (cycloolefin copolymer from Ticona).
- a security container according to one of the above aspects and embodiments is characterized in that it comprises at least one closure, e.g. consisting of a rubber stopper and a crimp cap or an alternative closure system.
- at least one closure e.g. consisting of a rubber stopper and a crimp cap or an alternative closure system.
- Rubber stopper and Bioset® Rubber washer and crimp cap; Closure systems from Becton & Dickinson, melting glass with or without predetermined breaking point.
- a security container according to one of the above aspects and embodiments is characterized in that the designation is a designating surface, preferably a labeled label (label) made of paper and / or plastic.
- a safety container according to one of the above aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the biologically active substance has a liquid, solid or amorphous state of aggregation at room temperature.
- Suitable biologically active substances or materials can be, for example, the substances mentioned below (in alphabetical order according to the Red List 2002):
- Bacampicillin Bacillus cereus, Bacillus firmus, Bacillus IP 5832, Bacillus subtilis, Bacitracin, Baclofen, bearberry, club moss, wild garlic, bacterial autolysate, valerian, valerian oil, balloon vine, balsamic cucumber, bambuterol, bamethane, bamipin, disc, barium carbonate, barium acetate , Barium sulfate, beard lichen, basil, basiliximab, tree lichen, tree sponge, becaplermin, beclometasone, comfrey, bemeticide, benazepril, bencyclan,
- Clostridium histolyticum collagenase Clotrimazol, Clozapin, Co-carboxylase, Cochenillelaus, Cocosbutter, Cocospropylendiaminguadinium, Cocospropylenediaminguaniacetat, Codeine, Codeincamphersulfonat, Codonopsis, Coenzyme A, Caffeine, Colchicololinolate, Col. Colchicolol, Col. Col.
- Fabian herb Fabian herb, famciclovir, famotidine, fango, faulbaum, febuprol, fig, felbamat, felbinac, felodipine, felypressin, fennel, fenchone, fendiline, fenetylline, fenipentol, fenofibrate, fenoterol, fentanyl, fenticonazole, fats, essexadilinole, ferumoxadilinole, ferucoxotilinole, ferucoxotilinole, ferucoxotinilene, ferucoxotiline, ferucoxotinilene, ferucoxotilinole, ferucoxotinilene, ferucoxotinilene, ferucoxotinilene, ferucoxot
- Hydroxyprogesterone caproat hydroxyzine, hyetellose, hymecromon, hyoscyamus, pituitary, hypromellose
- Ibandronic acid ibuprofen, icodextrin, idarubicin, idoxuridine, ifosfamide, ignatia, lloprost, imidapril, imiglucerase, imipenem, imipramine,
- Levetiracetam Levobunolol, Levocabastin, Levocarnitin, Levocetirizine, Levodopa, Levofloxacin, Levoglutamid, Levomenol, Levomenthol, Levomepromazin, Levomethadon, Levonorgestrel, Levothyroxine, Levothyroxin sodium, Lidocaine, Linodinole, Linodinole, Linodinole, Linodinol, Linodinol, Linodinol, Linodin, 12,12 ; -Liponic acid, ( ⁇ ) - & a!
- Piperonyl butoxide Pipoxolan, Piprinhydrinat, Piracetam, Pirenoxin, Pirenzepin, Piretanid, Piribedil, Piritramid, Piroxicam, Pizotifen, Placenta, Plasmafibronectin, Plasma proteins, human, Plasma protein, human with factor VIII inhibitor, bypass activity, with human factor VIII correcting factor VIII plasma protein Plasma protein, animal, platinum, platinum chloride,
- Rabeprazole [224Ra] radium chloride, tansy, raloxifene, ramipril, ranitidine, rasburicase, ratanhia, rhombus, rauwolfia, rauwolfia vomitoria, Rebendolde, partridge berry, reboxetine, remifentanil, repaglinide, reproterol, reserpine, resorcinol, retrinatrinase n , Rhubarb, rhododendron, ribavirin, riboflavin, riboflavin-5'-phosphate, ribonucleic acid, rifabutin, rifampicin, riluzole, rimexolone, marigold, risedronic acid, risperidone, ritonavir, rituximab, rizatrizolinidirin, rizatriptan
- Valaciclovir valine, valproic acid, valsartan, vanadium, vancomycin, varicella viruses, petroleum jelly, white, vecuronium bromide, venlafaxine, verapamil, verteporfin, vigabatrin, viloxazin, vinblastine, vincamine, vincristine, vindesin, vinorelbin, knot
- Suitable biologically active substances or materials are: Mafosfamid, BNP 7787, D-63153, D-24851, D-70166, D-64131, Cematodin LU 103793, LU 223651, A-299620, Onconas® Ranpinase, ZD-6126 (ANG-453), BMS-188797, BMS -275183, BMS-247550, Paclitaxel polyglutamate CT-2103 / Xyotax, E- 7070 ER-35744, ABT-751 / E-7010, Cryptophycin 52 LY-355703, LY-290293, Rhizoxin, Anhydrovinblastin, Cantuzumabmertansine HuC SB-408075, HuN901-DM1, MLN-591 DM1, N ° 6529, IDN-5109, Vincristin Inex, Vinca Alkoloids, Vincristine Alza, Dolastatin 10, Combrestatin A-4, Oxi-COM-102, ET
- a security container according to one of the above aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the biologically active substance is a cytotoxic substance, is provided.
- Cytotoxic or generally cytotoxic substances in the sense of the invention are in particular cytostatics (cytostatics; chemotherapeutics for the treatment of cancer), metastasis inhibitors and other antineoplastic agents.
- cytostatics cytostatics; chemotherapeutics for the treatment of cancer
- metastasis inhibitors and other antineoplastic agents.
- Suitable biologically active substances are also protective agents such as Mesna or BNP7787.
- Suitable cytotoxic substances or protective agents can also be the substances mentioned below:
- biologically active substances are: inorganic and organic active substances, inorganic or organic toxins, vaccines, viruses, bacteria, vectors
- Vaccines hepatitis, rubella, diphtheria, polio, smallpox, tetanus, cholera, measles,
- Cytostatics organic: cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, cisplatin, ifosfamide,
- Trofosfamide carmustine, lomustine, vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, vinorelbine, etoposide, teniposide, nimustine, mitoxantrone, methotrexate, oxaliplatin, taxol,
- Appendix A-IV Sublist D Streptomyces griseus Streptomyces cyaneus Streptomyces venezuelae
- Sublist E One way transfer of Streptococcus mutans or Streptococcus lactis DNA to Streptococcus sanguis
- This appendix contains such biological agents or agents that are known to be human and selected animal agents that pose a theoretical risk when inoculated with humans. Are attached Lists of representative genera and species known to be pathogenic.
- RG1 Risk Group 1
- RG2 Risk group 2 agents which are associated with human diseases, which are rarely serious and for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are often available.
- Risk group 3 agents which are associated with serious and fatal diseases for which preventive or therapeutic interventions may be available (high individual risk but low community risk).
- Risk group 4 agents that are likely to cause serious and fatal human diseases for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are usually not available (high individual risk and high community risk)
- RG1 agents are not associated with diseases in healthy adult humans.
- RG1 agents include: asporogenic Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis (see Appendix C-IV-A, Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis host-vector systems, exceptions); Adeno-associated virus (AAV) types 1 to 4; and
- AAV constructs in which the transgene does not code for either a potential tumorigenic gene product or a toxin molecule and which are produced in the absence of the helper virus.
- a strain of Escherichia coli see below.
- Appendix C-Il-A Escherichia co // K-12 Host Vector Systems, Exceptions
- an active virulence factor e.g., toxins
- RGs risk groups 2, 3 and 4
- RGs risk groups 2, 3 and 4
- a risk assessment must be made based on their known or potential properties and their relationships with the listed agents.
- RG2 Agents that are associated with human diseases that are rarely serious and for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are often available.
- M. avium complex except those listed in Appendix B-Ill-A (RG3)
- M. avium complex including M. asiaticum, M. bovis BCG vaccine strain, M. chelonei, M. fortuitum, M. kansasii, M. leprae, M. malmoense, M. marinum, M. paratuberculosis, M. scrofulaceum, M. simiae, M. szulgai, M. ulcerans, M. xenopi
- -Salmonella including S. arizonae, S. cholerasuis, S. enteritidis, S. gallinarum-pullorum, S. meleagridis, S. paratyphi, A, B, C, S. typhi, S. typhimu um
- Streptococcus including S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes
- E. -Echinococcus including E. granulosis, E. multilocularis, E. vogeli
- Leishmania including L. braziliensis, L. donovani, L. ethiopia, L. major, L. mexicana, L. peruvania, L. tropica
- N. americanus -Onchocerca filaria worms including, O. volvulus
- T. brucei brucei T. brucei gambiense
- T. brucei rhodesiense T. cruzi -Wuchereria bancrofti filaria worms
- RG2 Viruses Adenoviruses, human - all types Alphaviruses (Togaviruses) - Group A Arboviruses -Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus -Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis vaccine strain TC-83 --Western equine encephalomyelitis virus Arenaviruses (lymphocytic virus) lymphocytic virus non-lymphocytic virus-lomenocytic virus-lomenocytic virus-lomenocytic virus-lomenocytic virus -lomino virus virus strains)
- Coronaviruses Flaviviruses (Togaviruses) - Group B Arboviruses
- Poxviruses - all types except Monkeypox virus see Appendix B-III-D,
- RG3 Risk group 3 (RG3) - viruses and prions) and restricted poxviruses including Alastrim, Smallpox, and Whitepox
- Reoviruses all types including coltivirus, human rotavirus, and orbivirus
- Togaviruses see Alphaviruses and Flaviviruses.
- RG3 agents associated with serious and fatal diseases for which preventive or therapeutic interventions may be available (high individual risk but low community risk).
- RG2 Risk group 2 - bacterial agents including Chlamydia), M. tuberculosis -Pasteurella multocida type B - "buffalo” and other virulent strains
- Alphaviruses (Togaviruses) - Group A Arboviruses - Semliki Forest virus
- LCM -Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
- Flaviviruses (Togaviruses) - Group B arboviruses
- TAE Transmissible spongioform encephalopathies
- Retro viral human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) types 1 and 2 are retro viral human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) types 1 and 2
- HTLV Human T cell lymphotropic virus
- Flaviruses (Togaviruses) - Group B arboviruses
- Herpes virus simiae Herpes B or Monkey B virus
- animal etioiogical agents is attached to the list of human etioiogical agents. None of the agents are associated with diseases of healthy adult people. They are usually used for laboratory experiments. Certain agents, e.g. amphotropic and xenotropic strains of murine leukemia virus, can infect human cells.
- Murine retroviral vectors are used for human transfer experiments
- a security container according to one of the above aspects and embodiments is characterized in that the cytotoxic substance from the group consisting of ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide, trofosfamide, mafosfamide, acridine derivatives is filed in accordance with international patent application No. PCT / US98 / 532 on January 6, 1998 (WO 98/30545), such as the compound S303 ( ⁇ -alanine-N-acridin-9-yl-2 [bis (2-chloroethyl) amino] ethyl ester) described there on pages 32-40, mitoxantrone, LHRH agonists, LH-RH antagonists such as e.g.
- PCT / EP97 / 04474 filed on August 16, 1997
- PCT / EP99 / 01918 filed on March 22, 1999
- PCT / EP00 / 09390 filed on September 26, 2000
- the tubulin inhibitor D-24851 N-pyridyl-4-yl) - [1- (4-chlorobenzyl) indol-3-yI] -glyoxylamide), glufosfamide, mesna (for example as a protective agent) and BNP7787 (Dimesna, 2,2'-dithio-bis-ethane sulfonates (for example as disodium salt) (for example as a protective agent) has been provided.
- a security container according to one of the above aspects and embodiments is characterized in that the coating is carried out by the steps i) treating the filled, closed and optionally marked container with a medium which contains at least one polymer, and ii) subsequently Drying of the container treated with the medium has been provided.
- a safety container according to one of the above aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the treatment has been carried out by spraying, is provided.
- a security container according to one of the above aspects and embodiments is characterized in that the spraying has been carried out by using shear forces (eg using a nozzle) and / or using centrifugal forces (eg using a turntable).
- a security container according to one of the above aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the treatment has been carried out by immersion, is provided. According to a further embodiment, a security container according to one of the above aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the treatment is carried out by Application of a powder (powder) has been provided.
- a security container according to one of the above aspects and embodiments is characterized in that the medium containing at least one polymer from the group consisting of powder powder), dispersion, emulsion, suspension, solution and multicomponent systems (for example two- or three-component systems ; the individual components are only brought together shortly before application).
- the medium containing at least one polymer from the group consisting of powder powder), dispersion, emulsion, suspension, solution and multicomponent systems (for example two- or three-component systems ; the individual components are only brought together shortly before application).
- a security container according to one of the above aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the polymer has been selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polyester and polyester-polyurethane mixtures.
- a method for producing a filled, closed and, if appropriate, labeled security container for biologically active substances with increased or high resistance to breakage and splintering as well as contamination-free outer surface the container being a hollow body with at least one opening, one each Closure per opening, possibly a label, and at least one biologically active substance filled in the hollow body and wherein on the outside of the filled, closed and, if necessary, marked container, one or all of them Coating has been applied, characterized by the steps i) treating the filled, closed and optionally labeled container with a medium which contains at least one polymer, and ii) drying the container treated with the medium.
- the procedure is simple to carry out.
- a particular advantage is that the method according to the invention can be adapted to all common container shapes and sizes in a simple and quick manner. This results in no or only short set-up times, which is why shorter or no machine downtimes, no or lower storage costs for format parts and overall lower manufacturing costs per safety container.
- a method according to the above-mentioned aspect of the present invention is provided, characterized in that, prior to treatment, the filled, closed and optionally labeled container with a washing medium (for example, water for injection purposes (WFI) or, if WFI is not is required, water of a lower water quality can also be used) is provided.
- a washing medium for example, water for injection purposes (WFI) or, if WFI is not is required, water of a lower water quality can also be used
- a method according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments characterized in that the treatment takes place at about room temperature (for example 20 ° C.-25 ° C.).
- a method is provided according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the drying takes place at about room temperature (for example 20 ° C.- 25 ° C.).
- a method according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the coating is applied completely or almost completely to the container, is provided.
- a security container according to one of the above aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the container is made of glass, plastic or glass coated with plastic on the inside or outside, is provided.
- Suitable types of glass are e.g. glass types I - III.
- Glass type I can be used for liquid products and glass type III for solids, for example.
- the nature of the glass types is described in USP (USP 26 - 2003; Chapter 661 Containers; Pages 2142 - 2145) and EP (EP 4th edition: Grundtechnik 2002; Chapter 3.2 Containers; Pages 331 - 335).
- the size of the containers used can vary within a wide range from very small to very large containers.
- Suitable plastics are, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and Topas® (cycloolefin copolymer from Ticona).
- the requirements for plastic containers are described in the USP and EP (USP 26 - 2003; Chapter 661 Containers; Pages 2142 - 2143; 2145 - 2148; EP 4th Edition; Grundtechnik 2002; Chapter 3.2 Containers; Pages 331; 335 - 343).
- the size of the containers used can vary within a wide range from very small to very large containers.
- a method is characterized according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments, that it comprises at least one closure, for example consisting of a rubber stopper and a crimp cap, or of an alternative closure system.
- Rubber stopper and Bioset® Rubber washer and crimp cap; Becton & Dickinson closure systems; Melting glass with or without a predetermined breaking point.
- a method is provided according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the marking or designation is a marked or designating surface, preferably a labeled label (label) made of paper and / or plastic.
- a method is provided according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the biologically active substance has a liquid, solid or amorphous state of aggregation at room temperature.
- a method according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the biologically active substance is a cytotoxic substance, is provided.
- Suitable biologically active substances or materials cytotoxic substances are those as detailed above.
- a method according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments is characterized in that the cytotoxic substance from the group consisting of ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide, trofosfamide, mafosfamide, S303, mitoxantrone, an LHRH antagonist such as D-63153, Mesna (e.g. as a protective agent), BNP7787 (e.g. as a protective agent) and glufosfamide has been provided.
- Suitable cytotoxic substances are those as detailed above.
- a method according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the treatment has been carried out by spraying, is provided.
- a method is characterized according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the spraying has been carried out by using shear forces (for example using a nozzle) and / or using centrifugal forces (for example using a turntable) ,
- a method according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the treatment has been carried out by immersion, is provided.
- a method is provided according to one of the above aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the treatment is carried out by applying a powder.
- a method according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments is characterized in that the medium containing at least one polymer from the group consisting of powder, dispersion, emulsion, suspension, solution and multicomponent systems (for example two- or three-component systems; the individual components are only brought together shortly before application).
- the medium containing at least one polymer from the group consisting of powder, dispersion, emulsion, suspension, solution and multicomponent systems (for example two- or three-component systems; the individual components are only brought together shortly before application).
- a method according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the polymer has been selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polyester and polyester-polyurethane mixtures, is provided.
- a safety container for biologically active substances with increased or high resistance to breakage and splintering and contamination-free outer surface which can be produced according to the method according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments, is provided.
- a medium which contains at least one polymer for the treatment of a filled, sealed and optionally labeled container for biologically active substances the container having a hollow body provided with at least one opening, one closure each Includes opening, a designation and at least one biologically active substance filled in the hollow body and wherein the treatment with the medium a coating is applied to the outside of the filled, closed and optionally labeled container provided.
- the coating can be carried out in a single or multiple work steps.
- the multiple coating can take place simultaneously with the first coating, after application and before the drying of the first layer or after the application and drying of the first layer. What has just been said applies accordingly to the application of a third or further layer.
- the properties of the layers can be different, for example the adhesiveness of the layer applied first to the container material can be particularly advantageous and the second layer can have a particularly advantageous abrasion resistance.
- the person skilled in the art will adjust the properties of the individual layers in such a way that the properties of the security container according to the invention are particularly advantageous.
- the use of a medium which contains at least one polymer is used for the decontamination of the Outer surface and / or increase in the breaking and splintering strength of a container filled with a biologically active substance, sealed and possibly labeled, for biologically active substances, the container having a hollow body provided with at least one opening, one closure per opening, one designation and at least one comprises a biologically active substance filled in the hollow body and the decontamination is carried out by applying a coating to the outside of the filled, closed and, if appropriate, labeled container.
- the use according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments characterized in that the filled, closed and optionally labeled container is treated with a washing medium (usually WFI water) before the treatment.
- a washing medium usually WFI water
- the washed containers are then preferably dried under air or nitrogen flows. A visual inspection for complete drying is usually carried out. Extensive drying is a prerequisite for subsequent labeling. If the coating is applied before the label is applied, small amounts of residual WFI water do not interfere with the use of water-soluble polymer coatings.
- the use is provided according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the treatment takes place at about room temperature (for example 20 ° C.- 25 ° C.).
- the use is provided according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the drying takes place at about room temperature (for example 20 ° C.- 25 ° C.).
- the use according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments is thereby characterized that the coating is applied completely or almost completely on the container.
- the use is provided according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the container is made of glass, plastic or glass coated with plastic on the inside or outside.
- suitable materials are the following plastics: Topas®, which is the brand name for cycloolefin copolymers (amorphous thermoplastics) from Ticona, polypropylene, HD and LD polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride.
- container types and shapes are suitable, for example: injection bottle for single or multiple withdrawal, infusion bottle or bag, ampoule, cartridge or molded syringe body.
- the use according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments is characterized in that it comprises at least one closure, e.g. consisting of a rubber stopper and a crimp cap or an alternative closure system.
- at least one closure e.g. consisting of a rubber stopper and a crimp cap or an alternative closure system.
- adapter systems e.g. Bioset Luer, Bioset Infusion (Baxter).
- the use according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments is characterized in that the marking or designation is an indicative surface, preferably a labeled label (label) made of paper and / or plastic.
- a labeled label label
- Other suitable markings or designations are: Direct printing, for example in the screen printing process.
- the label can be printed both iri-line in the labeling machine (white line technology) and off-line at the label manufacturer.
- the use is provided according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the biologically active substance has a liquid, solid or amorphous state of aggregation at room temperature.
- Suitable forms of the biologically active substance are, for example: lyophilisate with or without additives, crystals with or without additives, solution for injection, powder, shaped bodies (rods) for implantation (polylactic acid)
- the use according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the biologically active substance is a cytotoxic substance, is provided.
- the use according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments is characterized in that the cytotoxic substance from the group consisting of ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide, trofosfamide, mafosfamide, S303, mitoxantrone, LHRH antagonists, mesna (eg as a protective agent) , BNP7787 (eg as a protective agent) and glufosfamide has been provided.
- the use according to one of the above-mentioned aspects, and embodiments is characterized in that the spraying by using shear forces (for example using a nozzle) and / or use of centrifugal forces (eg use of a turntable) has been provided.
- the use according to one of the above aspects and embodiments, characterized in that the treatment is carried out by applying a powder, is provided.
- the powder can be applied, for example, by electrostatic spraying.
- the use according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments is characterized in that the medium comprising at least one polymer from the group consisting of powder, dispersion, emulsion, suspension and, solution and multicomponent systems (for example two- or three-component systems; the individual components are only brought together shortly before application).
- the medium comprising at least one polymer from the group consisting of powder, dispersion, emulsion, suspension and, solution and multicomponent systems (for example two- or three-component systems; the individual components are only brought together shortly before application).
- the use according to one of the above-mentioned aspects and embodiments is characterized in that at least one polymer which is contained in the medium has been selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polyester and polyester-polyurethane mixtures, provided.
- polystyrenes polyethylenes, polypropylenes, acrylic copolymers, polycarbonates, poly (methyl) methacrylates, epoxy resins, butadiene copolymers, polyolefins, acrylic resins, methacrylic resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, vinyls, vinyl chlorides, polyvinylidene chlorides (polyvinylidenes) Chlorides), polyamides, ionomeric polyamides, acrylonitrile, acrylonitrile Butadiene-styrene resins, and mixtures thereof.
- the medium which contains at least one polymer, can contain additives such as, for example, inorganic (pigments) or organic dyes or light protection factors against visible and / or UV light (thereby additional light protection effect).
- additives such as, for example, inorganic (pigments) or organic dyes or light protection factors against visible and / or UV light (thereby additional light protection effect).
- Other additives alone or in combination with the aforementioned additives, in a suitable amount in each case, catalysts for the polymerization of components, anti-foaming agents (defoaming agents), flow and filling agents (flow and leveling agents), rheology modifiers (rheology modifiers), Be photostabilizers (photostabilizers) or combinations thereof.
- the coated containment should preferably meet one, some, or all of the following properties / criteria:
- the coating should also be checked for freedom from bubbles. Air bubbles in the coating reduce the protective function
- a haptic check can be used to check whether the bottle is not too rough and whether it sticks to the tester's hand or glove.
- the coating should be as smooth as the surface of the container and must not stick anywhere later during handling.
- Puncture resistance or splinter protection and breaking strength The impact resistance of the security container can be checked using a drop test in accordance with DIN 55441-2 (free fall). Breaking strength and splinter protection are particularly important criteria Lubricity (important for further processing)
- the friction behavior can be checked by determining the static and sliding friction values according to DIN 53375.
- the coating should, as far as possible, leave or improve the grip and feel when touching the container.
- attention can nevertheless be drawn to the safety properties of the container by attaching a corresponding reference to the name.
- the handling does not change with a coating.
- the thickness of the coating can vary depending on the shape and material of the container, the type and amount of components of the medium to be applied, the decontamination to be achieved and / or resistance to breakage and splintering.
- the thickness can be, for example, 50-150 ⁇ m.
- the wall thickness of the container can be reduced by the coating while maintaining the original breaking strength. As a result, the weight of the coated container can be reduced compared to the uncoated container. An increase in the breaking strength is preferably sought and achieved by maintaining the wall thickness.
- the medium to be applied should meet some or all of the following criteria: non-flammable or flame-retardant, odorless ("odorless”), do not cause skin reactions (“not irritate the skin”), free of organic solvents (“solvent-free”), not systemically toxic in contact with skin, resistant to aging.
- the outside of the coating should have no or almost no adhesive properties under the usual local temperature conditions worldwide (from tropical hot to Antarctic cold), since this could impair handling.
- This can be carried out by means of a drying step (ie supplying heat) or a separate curing process controlled by UV light, which takes place instead of or in addition to the drying step with dehumidified air.
- thermosetting properties are favorable for hardening by supplying heat.
- thermoplastic properties the addition of separate curing components or the application of a separate second coating with thermosetting properties is advantageous.
- Embodiment 1 is intended to explain the invention without restricting it thereto.
- the starting point for the painting are the isolated vials that come from the labeling.
- the size of the vials is either 20H, 30H, 50H, 75H and 100H (according to DIN 58366; each filled with 50mg (vial size 20H or 30H according to DIN 58366), 1g (vial size 50H or 75 H according to DIN 58366 ) and 2g (vial size 100H according to DIN 58366) sterile crystalline cyclophosphamide
- the glass type of the vials is either glass I or III.
- a chain conveyor picks up the vials on the bottle head (for example, a) pneumatically via sucker or gripper or b.) or mechanically controlled grippers) and conveys them into a spray booth, where they are painted in a so-called omega loop.
- the vials run through a labyrinth before and after the spray booth.
- the vials surround the painting unit almost completely.
- the distance covered corresponds to the shape of the Greek letter omegas ( ⁇ ). This is where the term Omega Loop comes from.
- the chain conveyor is e.g. be protected from the paint by masking.
- the paint is applied using a rotating disc, a so-called disc atomizer.
- the paint emerges from the bottom in the middle and migrates outwards due to the centrifugal forces.
- the paint is atomized at the edge of the pane and continues to fly horizontally.
- the viscosity of the varnish must be chosen so that the varnish does not dry in the pipes or on the pane.
- Another advantage of this method is the easy-to-control, slowly building up paint application (homogeneous, easily controllable paint layer).
- the paint film can be regulated both by the speed of rotation of the disc or by adjusting the amount of paint to be atomized per unit of time as well as by the throughput speed through the omega loop.
- Air sink rate min. 0.3 m / sec.
- Hydro-peeling varnish 3995.10 from Hemmelrath, Klingenberg, Germany The main component of the paint system is a water-dilutable, solvent-free polyurethane dispersion. Additional paint components are additives that serve defoaming, theological properties and adhesive strength. In the delivery form (undiluted) the solids content is 40%, which means that the remaining 60% is water. 1.5% oleic acid acroside is the only component that is listed as a dangerous ingredient in the safety data.
- the paint has the following properties: Flash point: 100 ° C
- Viscosity thixotropic flow behavior; approx. 8 d Pa * s after stirring
- the rotating vials are transferred to a dryer which is dehumidified up to max. 25 ° C works.
- the moisture content of the drying air is significantly reduced by freezing out water, so that the water absorption capacity is increased according to the Mollier diagram.
- the flow velocity in the dryer is selected in such a way that optimal drying is guaranteed within a minimum of time.
- a condensation of moisture in the dryer should be avoided by a suitable choice of the air humidity and the air flow rate. After drying, they are handed over to the cartoner (interface to conventional production).
- Embodiment 1a
- the size of the vials is optionally 20H, 30H, 50H, 75H and 100H according to DIN 58366; each filled with 50mg (vial size 20H or 30H according to DIN 58366), 1g (vial size 50H or 75H according to DIN 58366) and 2g (vial size 100H according to DIN 58366) sterile crystalline cyclophosphamide.
- the glass type of the vials is either glass type I or III.
- the paint according to embodiment 1 is used, and its viscosity can be adjusted to suit use in a spray gun, if necessary.
- This method also requires a spray booth in the vacuum (with Labyrinth).
- the vials are rotated during the painting process. Possible is a clocked 'painting process in which the vials stop in front of the spray gun and to be painted by a lifting movement of the gun from the bottom up to the flanged cap.
- the spray gun can perform a horizontal movement in addition to vertical movement and accompany the vials as they pass through the cabin (advantage: continuous production; disadvantage: larger cabin).
- the paint is atomized pneumatically.
- the pressure and the shape of the nozzle should be chosen so that the nozzle cannot become blocked, an even product transport is guaranteed and an even layer of paint is possible.
- the pressure should also meet the requirements of the spray pattern.
- the painting process can be optimized by applying high voltage to the paint and earth potential on the vial. This process creates more overspray.
- the edge delimitation of the order is less precise than that in exemplary embodiment 1.
- the spray gun offers more flexibility compared to the disk.
- the rotating vials are transferred to a dryer which is dehumidified up to max. 25 ° C works.
- the moisture content of the drying air is significantly reduced by freezing out water, so that the water absorption capacity is increased according to the Mollier diagram.
- the flow velocity in the dryer is selected in such a way that optimal drying is guaranteed within a minimum of time. A condensation of moisture in the dryer should be avoided by a suitable choice of the air humidity and the air flow rate.
- Working example 2a Like working example 2 with the difference that unlabelled vials are painted. The labeling is done after drying and before delivery to the cartoner.
- Embodiment 3
- the starting point for the painting are the isolated vials that come from the labeling, whereby the coating takes place in an immersion bath.
- the size of the vials is optionally 20H, 30H, 50H, 75H and 100H according to DIN 58366; each filled with 50mg (vial size 20H or 30H according to DIN 58366), 1g (vial size 50H or 75H according to DIN 58366) and 2g (vial size 100H according to DIN 58366) sterile crystalline cyclophosphamide.
- the glass type of the vials is either glass I or III.
- the varnish according to embodiment 1 is used, and its viscosity can optionally be adjusted to suit use in an immersion bath.
- the vials picked up on the head pass through an immersion bath which is matched to the vial size to be processed. Complete wetting is achieved by rotating around its own axis. After leaving the immersion bath, the vials continue to rotate to ensure that the excess amount of paint runs off evenly. Furthermore, the vials are slightly inclined during the draining time so that the excess lacquer can run off better over the resulting deepest point.
- the amount of paint applied is dosed by adjusting the viscosity.
- lowest point greatest layer thickness
- the rotating vials are transferred to a dryer which is dehumidified up to max. 25 ° C works.
- the moisture content of the drying air is significantly reduced by freezing out water, so that the water absorption capacity is increased according to the Mollier diagram.
- the flow velocity in the dryer is selected in such a way that optimal drying is guaranteed within a minimum of time. A condensation of moisture in the dryer should be avoided by a suitable choice of the air humidity and the air flow rate.
- Embodiment 3a After drying, they are handed over to the cartoner (interface to conventional production).
- lacquer in an analogous embodiment to the exemplary embodiments 1-3, 1 a, 2a, 3a, the following lacquer can also be used instead of the lacquer mentioned in exemplary embodiments 1-3 and 1a, 2a, 3a:
- the paint system consists of a water-thinnable polyester-polyurethane dispersion. Additional paint components are additives that serve defoaming, rheological properties and adhesive strength. The solids content is approx. 45%. The rest is water.
- tubular glass bottles according to DIN ISO 8362-1 can be used instead of the so-called cottage glass bottles according to DIN 58366 mentioned there.
- the vials of the sizes 20H, 30H, 50H, 75H and 100H Qeweils made of plastic are filled with an appropriate amount of sterile crystalline cyclophosphamide (50mg for vials 20H and 30H, 1g for vials 50H and 75H and 2g for vials 100H) and sealed with a stopper and crimp cap. Then washed with washing solution. Then coated according to the invention (according to working examples 1 and 4).
- Table 2 Comparative tests on the breaking strength of conventional containers (without coating) and the container according to the invention (with coating). Breaking strength: - Case study with 10 coated and uncoated vials of sizes 20H, 30H, 50H, 75H and 100H of glass types I and III (each with a stopper and flanged, but not filled for safety reasons) (free fall from approx.1.5 m Height on stone surface).
- the coating according to the invention was carried out in accordance with exemplary embodiments 1 and 4.
- Fracture defects means: broken vials, which could lead to an uncontrolled release of the vial contents into the environment
- Table 3 Comparative tests on the splinter resistance of conventional containers (without
- A uncoated
- B with the exception of the crimp cap (1) having a coating (4), the coating (4) gradually decreasing (C) in the area of the neck of the metallized glass surface in the vicinity of the crimp cap (1).
- Fig. 4 Schematic representation of a top view of the so-called omega loop (3) with an additional side view of the disc atomizer (spray disk) (2) and a container (1): the container (1), possibly each their own axis rotating either clockwise ( ⁇ ) or counterclockwise ( ⁇ -), run on a belt (5) around which the spray disk (2) rotates clockwise ( ⁇ ) or counterclockwise ( ⁇ -), the polymer-containing medium being fed centrally to the rotating disk (2a) and leaving the disk (2a) centrifugally, thereby creating a star-shaped spray area (4) largely lying in one plane.
- X the level of the spray area (4) can be changed depending on the size and height of the container (1).
- Fig. 5 A: Takeover of the container behind the labeling:
- a gripper which is constructed on the principle of a mechanical pencil, grabs the containers out of the star.
- the mechanics of the gripper should preferably be protected against overspray.
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft Scherheitsbehälter für biologisch aktive Substanzen, insbesondere Cytostatika, mit erhöhter bzw. hoher Bruch- und Splitterfestigkeit sowie kontaminationsfreier Aussenfläche, ein Verfahre zu dessen bzw. deren Herstellung sowie die Verwendung eines Mediums, welches mindestens ein Polymer enthält, zur Dekontaminierung der Aussenfläche eines mit biologisch aktiven Substanz gefüllten, verschlossenen und ggf. Gekennzeichneten Behälters.
Description
SICHERHEITSBEHALTER FÜR BIOLOGISCH AKTIVE SUBSTANZEN UND VERFAHREN ZU DEREN HERSTELLUNG
Gebiet der Erfindung
Die Erfindung betrifft Sicherheitsbehälter für biologisch aktive Substanzen, insbesondere cytotoxische Substanzen, mit erhöhter bzw. hoher Bruch- und Splitterfestigkeit sowie kontaminationsfreier Außenfläche, ein Verfahren zu dessen bzw. deren Herstellung sowie die Verwendung eines Mediums, welches mindestens ein Polymer enthält, zur Dekontaminierung der Außenfläche eines mit einer biologisch aktiven Substanz gefüllten, verschlossenen und ggf. gekennzeichneten Behälters.
Stand der Technik
Biologisch aktive Substanzen finden in allen Lebensbereichen tagtäglich Anwendung. Zu nennen sind hier insbesondere der Einsatz von Arzneimitteln in der Human- und Veterinärmedizin oder von Pflanzenschutzwirkstoffen, wie Herbiziden, Fungiziden und Insektiziden im Pflanzenschutz. Die Einsatzgebiete von biologisch aktiven Substanzen in der Human- und Veterinärmedizin sind beispielsweise die Therapie von Krankheiten, wie etwa die Chemotherapie von Tumorerkrankungen durch die Verabreichung von Cytostatika, die Diagnose von Krankheiten und Erbanlagen (beispielsweise als Substrat für Enzymreaktionen), die Analyse (bespielsweise als Vergleichssubstanzen) und die Gentechnik (beispielsweise zur Selektion von Zelllinien).
Üblicherweise im Handel gebrauchsfertiger Verpackungseinheiten, befüllt mit einer definierten Menge der entsprechenden biologisch aktiven Substanz oder Substanzen, dargeboten.
Eine Vielzahl von Cytostatika müssen dem Patienten durch Injektion oder Infusion verabreicht werden. An der Vorbereitung und Durchführung solcher Verabreichungen sind bei der stationären Behandlung im Krankenhaus oder der ambulanten Behandlung in spezialisierten Arztpraxen zahlreiche Personen, wie Apotheker, Arzt, Krankenschwester und Pflegepersonal, beteiligt.
Dabei ist unbedingt zu vermeiden, daß der den Patienten behandelnde Personenkreis mit der cytotoxischen Substanz, oder einer anderen biologisch aktiven Substanz, in Kontakt kommt. Eine potentielle Aufnahme, etwa durch Berühren mit der Haut, Einatmen oder Verschlucken, ist beispielsweise dann zu befürchten, wenn der die biologisch aktive Substanz enthaltende Behälter zerbricht und dadurch die biologisch aktive Substanz in unkrollierter Weise in der Umgebung freigesetzt wird. Gleiches gilt für den Fall, daß auf der Außenseite des mit der biologisch aktiven Substanz (z.B. Cytostaikum) befüllten Behälers noch Spuren des Cytostikums anhaften würden. Die Folge wäre, dass das den Patienten behandelnde Personal einer Gesundheitsgefährdung und einem Krankheitsrisiko allein durch den Kontakt mit dem Behälter, z.B. durch Aufnahme über die Haut, die Atemwege oder den Magendarmtrakt, ausgesetzt wäre. Grundsätzlich ist bereits ein einmaliger, erst recht natürlich ein ständiger unkontrollierter Kontakt mit biologisch aktiven Substanzen zu vermeiden.
Seitens der pharmazeutischen Industrie ist dafür Sorge zu tragen, dass nach dem Verpackungsprozess keine Spuren der biologisch aktiven Substanz, beispielsweise der cytotoxischen Substanz, auf der Außenfläche des Behälters mehr anhaften bzw. nur noch in einer inaktiven, die Umgebung nicht mehr belastenden Form vorhanden sind.
Zu diesem Zweck erfolgt in der Praxis die Behandlung der Verpackungseinheit, z.B. der Injektionsflasche (Vial) enthaltend die biologisch aktive Substanz, wie z.B. eine cytotoxische Substanz, mit einem Waschmedium, vorzugsweise eine Waschlösung. Allerdings lassen sich nach dem Waschvorgang noch Spuren in der Größenordnung von einigen ng der biologisch aktiven Substanz pro Vial nachweisen. Ein üblicher Grenzwert liegt beispielsweise bei < 1 μg pro Injektionsf lasche.
Um eine Kontamination der mit dem Behälter in Kontakt kommenden Personen, z.B. Apotheker und medizinisches Personal, wurde im Stand der Technik zum einen die Umhüllung der Verpackungseinheit mit einem "Sleeve" oder "clear cylindrical shrink- wrap film" (engl. Mantel) aus Kunststoff vorgeschlagen. Der Nachteil dieses Verfahrens ist, daß die Verpackungseinheit bzw. der Behälter nur an den Seiten und nicht auf der Unterseite von dem "Sleeve" bedeckt wird. Nachteilig ist weiter, daß zur Herstellung bei Temperaturen von oberhalb Raumtemperatur gearbeitet werden muß. Dies kann eine Beinträchtigung der Reinheit, Lagerfähigkeit, Wirksamkeit und des optischen Aussehens von temperaturempfindlichen Substanzen zur Folge haben. Nachteilig ist auch, daß für unterschiedliche Dimensionen (Höhe, Breite, Tiefe) und Formen der Verpackungseinheit jeweils ein gesonderter "Sleeve" angepaßt werden muß. Dies macht die Herstellung zeit- und kostenintensiv.
Als Praxisbeispiel für den Sleeveeinsatz ist das Präparat Doxorubicine von Faulding Asta Medica zu nennen.
Die zweite im Stand der Technik beschriebene Lösung des Problems besteht in der Umhüllung der Verpackungseinheit mit einer zweiten Verpackung, beispielsweise aus Kunststoff. Der Nachteil hierbei ist, daß je nach Größe der Verpackungseinheit eine passende "Überverpackung" angefertigt werden muß. Zudem wird die Gesamtverpackung sehr voluminös und sperrig. Auch die Handhabbarkeit ist kompliziert: Die mit der Verpackungseinheit umgehenden Personen (z.B. Apotheker, Arzt, Pflegepersonal) müssen zunächst die Überverpackung öffnen, um überhaupt erst an den Verschluß der Verpackungseinheit zu gelangen. Weiterhin stellt der Öffnungsvorgang eine zusätzliche Gefahrenquelle für die Schutzausrüstung (z.B. reißempfindliche Handschuhe) der handhabenden Personen dar.
Als Praxisbeispiel für den Einsatz einer Kunststoff Umverpackung ist der OncoSafe® von der Firma Hexäl, der z.B. beim Produkt Cisplatin, zu nennen.
Zudem müssen Behälter, welche mit einer biologisch aktiven Substanz befüllt sind, eine hohe Bruch- und Splitterfestigkeit aufweisen.
Die Bruchfestigkeit des die biologisch aktive Substanz enthaltenden Behälters hängt zum einen vom Material des Behälters ab. Üblicherweise weisen Behälter aus Kunststoff eine erhöhte Bruchsicherheit gegenüber Behältern aus Glas auf. Kunststoff hat jedoch gegenüber Glas den Nachteil, dass er schneller altert (Materialermüdung), daß er mit den biologisch aktiven oder sonstigen Inhaltsstoffen chemische und/oder physikalische Rreaktionen eingehen kann oder diese verunreinigt (z.B. durch die Freisetzung von Weichmachern aus dem Kunststoff) und daß sich bestimmte Kunststoffe im Gegensatz zu Glas nur schwer zu den gewünschten Formkörpern formen lassen.
Die Splitterftestigkeit hängt beispielsweise von der Elastizität und der Sprödigkeit des Materials des Formkörpers bzw. Behälters ab. Üblicherweise weisen Behälter aus Kunststoff eine erhöhte Splitterfestigkeit gegenüber Behältern aus Glas auf. Aufgrund der höheren Elastizität absorbiert Kunststoff mehr Stoß- oder Aufprallenergie.
Die Bruch- und Splitterfestigkeit muß weiterhin auch während des Transports der Behälter, üblicherweise in einem größeren Gebinde, gegeben sein. Dabei kann es zum einen zum Kontakt zwischen Sicherheitsbehälter und Verpackungsmittel (etwa einem Karton oder Kunststoffmaterial, z.B. Styropor ®) und zum anderen zum Kontakt der Sicherheitsbehälter unterreinander kommen. Vorzugsweise sollte in zumindest in einem der beiden Fällen eine erhöhte Bruch- und Splitterfestigkeit bestehen, so daß eine entsprechend geeignete Verpackung angepaßt werden kann. Besonders bevorzugt ist eine Bruch- und Splitterfestigkeit für den Fall des Kontaktes der Sicherheitsbehälter untereinander, da dann eine einfachere und dadurch preisgünstigere und raumsparendere Verpackung gewählt werden kann.
Es besteht foglich ein Bedürfnis nach einem einfach herstellbaren Sicherheitsbehälter für biologisch aktive Substanzen mit erhöhter bzw. hoher Bruch- und Splitterfestigkeit sowie kontaminationsfreier bzw. kontaminationsminimierter oder kontaminationsverminderter Außenfläche.
Zusammenfasung der Erfindung:
Überraschenderweise wurde nun gefunden, dass Sicherheitbehälter für biologisch aktive Substanzen mit erhöhter bzw. hoher Bruch- und Splitterfestigkeit sowie kontaminationsfreier Außenfläche dadurch erhalten werden können, dass man auf der Außenfläche des befüllten, verschlossenen und ggf. gekennzeichneten Behälters ganz oder teilweise eine Beschichtung durch das Behandeln mit einem Medium, welches mindestens ein Polymer enthält, aufgebracht worden ist.
Der Begriff „ganz oder teilweise" ist dabei so zu verstehen, daß vorzugsweise alle für die Stabilität bzw. Kontamination relevanten Behältbereiche beschichtet sind. Beispielsweise könnte aus technischen Gründen eine nur teilweise Beschichtung des Behälters (z.B. Glasvial) erfolgen, wobei etwa der oberste Halsbereich der Behälter unbeschichtet bleibt. Dieses ist dann unproblematisch, wenn dieser Teil des Behälters nie zerbirst und er ebenfalls nicht zum Griffbereich gehört, so daß eine möglicherweise in diesem unbeschichteten Bereich verbleibende Kontamination des Behälters ohne Folgen bleibt. Die Entscheidung, ob die Beschichtung ganz oder teilweise zu erfolgen hat, kann der Fachmann basierend auf der vorliegenden Erfindungsoffenbarung und den gegebenenfalls weiter hinzutretenden Umständen (z.B. dem Toxizitätsgrad der abzufüllenden Substanz) im Rahmen seiner Routinetätigkeit treffen.
Gemäß einem Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung wird ein befüllter, verschlossener und ggf. gekennzeichneter Sicherheitsbehälter für biologisch aktive Substanzen mit erhöhter bzw. hoher Bruch- und Splitterfestigkeit sowie kontaminationsfreier Außenfläche, wobei der Behälter einen Hohlkörper mit mindestens einer Öffnung, je einen Verschluß pro Öffnung, ggf. eine Kennzeichnung, und mindestens eine in den Hohlkörper gefüllte biologisch aktive Substanz umfaßt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf dem befüllten, verschlossenen und ggf. gekennzeichneten Behälter ganz oder teilweise eine Beschichtung aufgebracht worden ist, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung wird ein Sicherheitsbehälter bereitgestellt, welcher vor dem Anbringen der Beschichtung mit einer Kennzeichnung versehen worden ist.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung wird ein Sicherheitsbehälter bereitgestellt, welcher vor dem Anbringen der Beschichtung der befüllte, verschlossene und ggf. gekennzeichnete Behälter mit einem Waschmedium behandelt worden ist, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einerweiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Sicherheitsbehälter nach einem der vorstehenden Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die Beschichtung bei Raumtemperatur erfolgt, bereitgestellt.
Der erfindungsgemäße Sicherheitsbehälter ist daher als Verpackungsbehälter für temperaturempfindliche biologisch aktive Substanzen besonders geeignet.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Sicherheitsbehälter nach einem der vorstehenden Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die Beschichtung vollständig oder nahezu vollständig auf dem Behälter angebracht worden ist, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Sicherheitsbehälter nach einem der vorstehenden Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass der Behälter aus Glas, Kunststoff oder mit Kunststoff innen oder außen beschichtetem Glas gefertigt ist, bereitgestellt.
Geeignete Glasarten sind z.B. die Glastypen l - III. Glastyp I kann beispielsweise bei Flüssigprodukten und Glastyp III beispielsweise für Feststoffe verwendet werden. Die Beschaffenheit der Glasarten ist im USP und EP beschrieben (USP 26 - 2003; Kapitel 661 Containers; Seiten 2142 - 2145 // EP 4. Ausgabe: Grundwerk 2002; Kapitel 3.2 Behältnisse; Seiten 331 - 335).
Geeignete Kunststoffe sind beispielsweise Polyethylen, Polypropylen, Polyvinylchlorid und Topas® (Cycloolefin-Copolymer Firma Ticona), sein. Die Anforderungen an Kunststoffbehälter werden im USP und EP beschrieben (USP 26 - 2003; Kapitel 661 Containers; Seiten 2142 - 2143; 2145 - 2148 // EP 4. Ausgabe; Grundwerk 2002; Kapitel 3.2 Behältnisse; Seiten 331 ; 335 - 343).
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Sicherheitsbehälter nach einem der vorstehenden Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass er mindestens ein Verschluß umfaßt z.B. bestehend aus einem Gummistopfen und einer Bördelkappe oder aus einem alternativen Verschlußsystem, bereitgestellt.
Weitere geeignete Verschlusssysteme können sein:
Gummistopfen und Bioset®; Gummischeibe und Bördelkappe; Verschlußsystemne der Fa. Becton & Dickinson, Zuschmelzen von Glas mit oder ohne Sollbruchstelle.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Sicherheitsbehälter nach einem der vorstehenden Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die Bezeichnung eine bezeichnende Fläche, vorzugsweise ein beschriftetes Etikett (Label) aus Papier und/oder Kunststoff ist, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Sicherheitsbehälter nach einem der vorstehenden Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die biologisch aktive Substanz bei Raumtemperatur einen flüssigen, festen oder amorphen Aggregatzustand aufweist, bereitgestellt.
Geeignete biologisch aktive Substanzen bzw. Materialien können beispielsweise die nachstehend genannten Stoffe sein (in alphabetischer Reihenfolge gemäß Rote Liste 2002):
Abacavir, Abciximab, Acamprosat, Acarbose, Acebutolol, Acecarbromal, Aceclofenac, Acemetacin, Acetazolamid, Acetylaminonitropropoxybenzen, Acetylcholinchlorid, Acetylcystein, β-Acetyldigoxin, Acetylmethionin, Acetylsalicylsäure, Acetyltyrosin, Aciclovir, Acipimox, Acitretin,
Ackergauchheil, Acker-Vergißmeinnicht, Aconitin, Acriflavinium chlorid, Actinoquinol, Adapalen, Ademetionin, Adenosin, Adonisröschen, Adrenalon, Äpfelsäure, Aescin, Aesculin, Agalsidase alfa, Agalsidase beta, Ajmalin, Akazie, falsche, Alanin, Alant, Alanylglutamin, Albendazol, Alclometason, Alcuronium chlorid, Aldesleukin, Aldioxa, Alemtuzumab, Alendronsäure, Alfacalcidol, Alfatradiol, Alfentanil, Alfuzosin, Algeidrat, Alginsäure, Alimemazin, Alizaprid, Alkyldimethylethylbenzylammoniumchlorid, Alkyloligoamin, Allantoin, Allergenextrakte, Allethrin I, Allopurinol, Allylsenföl, Almasilat, Almotriptan, Aloe, Alpenveilchen, Alpha-1-proteinase-lnhibitor, Alprazolam, Alprostadil, Alraune, Alteplase, Aluminiumacetat, basisch, Aluminiumacetattartrat, Äluminiumchlorid, Aluminiumchloridhydroxidkomplex, Aluminiumformiat, Aluminiumglycinatdihydroxid, Aluminiumhydroxid, Aluminiumhydroxiddistearat, Aluminiumhydroxid-Gel, Aluminiumhydroxychlorid, Aluminiummagnesiumsilicathydrat, Aluminiummagnesiumsilicopolyhydrat, Aluminiummonostearat, Aluminiumnatriumcarbonatdihydroxid, Aluminiumnatriumsilikat, Aluminiumoxid, Aluminiumoxidchlorid, Aluminiumphosphat, Aluminiumsilikat, Aluminiumsulfat, Amantadin, Ambra, Ambroxol, Amcinonid, Ameise, Ameisensäure, Amezinium metilsulfat, Amfepramon, Amfetaminil, Amidotrizoesäure, Amifostin, Amikacin, Amilomer, Amilorid, Aminoalkylglycin, Aminobenzoesäure, Aminoglutethimid, Aminomethylbenzoesäure, Aminophyllin, Aminoquinurid, Aminosäuren, Aminosalicylsäure, Amiodaron, Amisulprid, Amitriptylin, Amitriptylinoxid, Amlodipin, Ammoniakflüssigkeit, anisölhaltig, Ammonium, Ammoniumbituminosulfonat, Ammoniumbituminosulfonat, hell, Ammoniumbromid, Ammoniumcarbonat, Ammoniumchlorid, Ammoniumdodecylsulfat, Ammoniumeisensulfat, Ammoniummolybdat, Ammoniummonohydrogencitrat, Ammoniumphosphat, Amnion, Amorolfin, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin + Clavulansäure, Amphotericin B, Ampicillin, Amprenavir, Amrinon, Amsacrin, Amylase, Ananas, Anastrozol,
Andorn, weißer, Anethol, Anetholtrithion, Angelika, Angurate, Angustura, Anis, Anistreplase, Antazolin, Antimon, metall., Antimonpentasulfid, Antimontrisulfid, Antithrombin III, Apfel, Apomorphin, Apraclonidin,
Aprotinin, Arginin, Argininaspartat, Argipressin, Arnika, Arseniodid, Arsentrioxid, Artemether, Arterie, Articain, Artischocke, Ascorbinsäure, Asparagin, Asparaginase, Aspartinsäure, Aspergillus, Atenolol, Atorvastatin, Atosiban, Atovaquon, Atracurium besilat, Atropin, Auranofin, Avocadool, Azapropazon, Azathioprin, Azelainsaure, Azelastin, Azidamfenicol, Azidocillin, Azithromycin, Azosemid, Aztreonam,
Bacampicillin , Bacillus cereus , Bacillus firmus , Bacillus IP 5832 , Bacillus subtilis , Bacitracin , Baclofen , Bärentraube , Bärlapp , Bärlauch , Bakterienautolysate , Baldrian , Baldrianöl , Ballonrebe , Balsamgurke , Bambuterol , Bamethan , Bamipin , Bandscheibe , Bariumacetat , Bariumcarbonat , Bariumchlorid , Bariumiodid , Bariumsulfat , Bartflechte , Basilikum , Basiliximab , Baumflechte , Baumschwamm , Becaplermin , Beclometason , Beinwell , Bemetizid , Benazepril , Bencyclan ,
Bendamustin , Bendroflumethiazid , Benedikte , Benfotiamin , Benperidol , Benproperin , Benserazid , Benzalkonium chlorid , Benzbromaron , Benzethonium chlorid , Benzocain , Benzoe , Benzoesäure , Benzoxonium chlorid , Benzoylperoxid , Benzylalkohol , Benzylbenzoat , Benzylmandelat , Benzylnicotinat , Benzylpenicillin , Benzylpenicillin-Benzathin ,
Benzylpenicillin-Procain , Berberitze , Berglorbeer , Bernsteinsäure , Besenginster , Betacaroten , Betahistin , Betaindihydrogencitrat , Betainhydrochlorid , Betamethason , Betaxolol , Bethanechol , Bezafibrat , Biber , Bibernelle , Bibrocathol , Bicalutamid , Biene , Bienengift , Bienenköniginnenfuttersaft , Bienenwachs , Bifidumbakterien , Bifonazol , Biguanid , Biotin , Biperiden , 2-Biphenylol , Birke , Bisacodyl , Bismutaluminat , Bismutcarbonat , Bismutchloridoxid , Bismut(III)citrathydroxidkomplex , Bismutgallat, basisches , Bismutnitrat, basisches , Bismutoxid(iodid-Resorcin-Komplex) , Bismutsalicylat, basisches , Bisoprolol , Bitterholz , Bitterklee , Bittersüß , Blasentang , Blausäure , Blei , Bleiacetat , Bleipflaster , Bleomycin , Blut , Blutgerinnungsfaktor IX vom Menschen (gefriergetrocknet) , Blutgerinnungsfaktor VIII (CHO) , 'Blutgerinnungsfaktor VIII vom Menschen (gefriergetrocknet) , Blutgerinnungsfaktor
VII vom Menschen (gefriergetrocknet) , Blutgerinnungsfaktor X , Blutgerinnungsfaktor XIII , Blutwurzel, kanadische , Bockshornklee , Bohne , Boldo , Bopindolol , Bomaprin , Borneol , Bornylacetat , Bomylsalicylat , Borsäure , Bovist , Braunwurz , Brechnuß , Brechweinstein , Brechwurzel , Breitwegerich , Brennessel , Brillenschlange , Brimonidin , Brinzolamid , Brivudin , Bromazepam , Brombeere , Bromcampher , Bromchlorophen , Bromelaine , Bromhexin , Bromid-lonen , Bromnitrodioxacyclohexan , Bromocriptin , Bromperidol , Bromsalicylsäure , Brotizolam , Brucellabakterien , Bruchkraut , Brunnenkresse , Bucco , Buchweizen , Buclizin , Budesonid , Budipin , Bufexamac , Buflomedil , Bufo , Bumetanid , Bunazosin , Buphenin , Bupivacain , Bupranolol , Buprenorphin , Bupropion , Buschbohne , Buschklee , Buserelin , Buspiron , Busulfan , Butandiol , Butinolin , Butizid , Butoxycain , Butterblume , Butylhydroxyanisol , Butylscopolaminiumbromid ,
Cabergoün, Cactus, Cadexomer iod, Cafedrin, Cajeputöl, Calcifediol, Calcipotriol, Calcitonin, Calcitriol, Calciumacetat, Calciumaminoethylphosphat, Calciumaspartat, Calciumbromid, Calciumcarbonat, Calciumcarbonat Hahnemanni, Calciumchlorid, Calciumcitrat, Calcium dobesilat, Calciumfluorid, Calciumfolinat, Calciumglucoheptonat, Calciumgluconat, Calciumhydrogenphosphat, Calciumiodid, Calciumlactat, Calciumlactobionat, Calciumlactogluconat, Calciummagnesiuminosithexaphosphat, Calcium pantothenat, Calciumphosphat, Calciumphosphinat, Calciumphospholactat, Calcium saccharat, Calciumsalze, Calciumsilikat, Calciumsulfat, Calcium-trinatrium pentetat, Camphen, Campher, Campheröl, Campheröl, starkes, Candesartan, Candida, Capecitabin, Capsaicin, Captopril, Carazolol, Carbachol, Carbamazepin, Carbamoylphenoxyessigsaure, Carbazochrom, Carbidopa, Carbimazol, Carbinoxamin, Carbocistein, Carbomer, Carboplatin, Cardiospermumkraut, Carisoprodol, Carmellose, Carmustin, Carotin, Carrageenan, Carteolol, Carvedilol, Cascara, Catalase, Causticum Hahnemanni, Cayennepfeffer, Cefaclor, Cefadroxil, Cefalexin, Cefazolin, Cefepim, Cefetamet, Cefixim, Cefotaxim, Cefotiam,
Cefoxitin, Cefpodoxim, Ceftazidim, Ceftibuten, Ceftriaxon, Cefuroxim, Celecoxib, Celiproiol, Cellaburat, Cellulosepolyschwefelsäureester, Cerchlorid, Certoparin, Ceruletid, C1 -Esterase Inhibitor, Cetirizin, Cetrimonium bromid, Cetrorelix, Cetylalkohol, Cetylpalmitat, Cetylpyridinium chlorid, Cetylstearylalkohol, Cetyistearyloctanoat,
Chenodeoxycholsäure, Chinarinde, Chinidin, Chinin, 8-Chinolinolsulfat, Chirata, Chloralhydrat, Chlorambucil, Chloramphenicol, Chlordiazepoxid, Chloressigsäure, Chlorethan, Chlorhexidin, Chlorid, Chlormadinon, Chlorobutanol, Chlorocresol, Chlorophyllin, Chlorophyllin-Kupfer-Komplex, Chloroquin, Chloroxylenol, Chlorphenamin, Chlorphenesin,
Chlorphenoxamin, Chlorpromazin, Chlorprothixen, Chlorquinaldol, Chlortalidon, Chlortetracyclin, Chlortheophyllin, Choleravibrionen, Cholesterol, Cholin chlorid, Cholincitrat, Cholinhydrogentartrat, Cholin salicylat, Cholinstearat, Cholin theophyllinat, Chondroitinschwefelsäure, Choriongonadotrophin, Choriongonadotropin alfa, Christrose, Chrom, Chromalaun, Chromhydrogenaspartat, Chymotrypsin, Cicletanin, Ciclopirox, Ciclosporin, Cidofovir, Cilastatin, Cilazapril, Cimetidin, Cimicifuga, Cina, Cinchocain, Cinchonin, Cineol, Cinnarizin, Cinoxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Cisatracurium besilat, Cisplatin, Citalopram, Citronensäure, L-(+)-Citrullin, Cladribin, Clarithromycin, Clavulansäure, Clemastin, Clemizol-Penicillin, Clenbuterol, Clindamycin, Clioquinol, Clobazam, Clobetasol, Clobetason, Clobutinol, Clocortolon, Clodronsäure, Clomethiazol, Clomifen, Clomipramin, Clonazepam, Clonidin, Clopamid, Clopidogrel, Cloprednol, Clorofen, Clostebol, Clostridium botulinum Toxin Typ A, Clostridium botulinum Toxin Typ B,
Clostridium histolyticum collagenase, Clotrimazol, Clozapin, Co-carboxylase, Cochenillelaus, Cocosbutter, Cocospropylendiaminguadinium, Cocospropylendiaminguaniacetat, Codein, Codeincamphersulfonat, Codonopsis, Coenzym A, Coffein, Colchicin, Colecalciferol, Colestipol, Colestyramin, Colfosceril palmitat, . Colistimethat natrium, Colistin, Comocladia, Condurango, Corticorelin, Cortison, Co-trimoxazol, Croconazol, Cromoglicinsäure, Crotamiton, Cumarin, Curare, Cyanocobalamin, Cyclandelat, Cyclopentolat, Cyclophosphamid,
Cyproheptadin, Cyproteron, Cystein, L-(-)-Cystin, Cytarabin, Cytidin, Cytidinphosphat,
Dacarbazin, Daclizumab, Dactinomycin, Dalfopristin, Dalteparin natrium, Damiana, Danaparoid, Danazol, Dantrolen, Dapiprazol, Dapson,
Darbepoetin alfa, Darm, Daunorubicin, Deanol, Deanolorotat, Dectaflur, Decyloleat, Deferipron, Deferoxamin, Deflazacort, Demelverin, Denaverin, Dequaliniumsalze, Desfluran, Desipramin, Desirudin, Deslanosid, Desloratadin, Desmeninol, Desmopressin, Desogestrel, Desoximetason, Desoxyribonuclease, Detajmium bitartrat, Dexamethason, Dexchlorpheniramin, Dexibuprofen, Dexketoprofen, Dexpanthenol, Dextran, Dextranomer, Dextromethorphan, Dialkyldimethylammoniumchlorid, Diazepam, Diazoxid, Dibenzepin, Dibromhydroxybenzolsulfonsäure, Dibutyladipat, Dichlorbenzylalkohol, Diciofenac, Diciofenamid, Dicioxacillin, Didanosin, Didecyldimethylammoniumchlorid, Didecylmethylalkoxiammoniumpropionat,
Didecylmethyloxyethylammoniumpropionat, Dienogest, Diethylaminsalicylat, Diethylenglycol, Diflorason, Diflucortolon, Digitalin, Digitalis-Antitoxin, Digitoxin, Digoxin, Dihydralazin, Dihydrocodein, α- Dihydroergocryptin, Dihydroergotamin, Dihydroergotoxin, Dihydrotachysterol, Dihydroxydioxahexan, Diisopropylamin, Dikalium clorazepat, Diltiazem, Dimenhydrinat, Dimercaptopropansulfonsäure, Dimethylaminophenol, Dimethylfumarat, Dimethylsulfoxid, Dimethyltoluidin, Dimeticon, Dimetinden, Dinatriuminosin-5'-monophosphat 2H2O, Dinoprost, Dinoproston, Diosmin, Dioxopromethazin, Diphenhydramin,
Diphenylpyralin, Diphtheriebakterien, Dipivefrin, Dipyridamol, Disopyramid, Distearylhydrogencitrat, Distig in bro id, Disulfiram, Dithranol, Dobutamin, Docetaxel, Docusat natrium, Dodecylbenzolsulfonsäure, Dodecylbispropylentriamin, Dolasetron, Domperidon, Donepezil, Dopamin, Dopexamin, Dornase alfa, Dorzolamid, Dosulepin, Doxapram,
Doxazosin, Doxepin, Doxorubicin, Doxycyclin, Doxylamin, Drofenin, Dropropizin, Drospirenon, Dydrogesteron,
Eberesche, Eberraute, Eberwurz, Econazol, Edelkastanie, Edeltanne, Edetinsäure, Efavirenz, Efeu, Ehrenpreis, Eibisch, Eiche, Eierschalen, Eierstöcke, Einbeere, Einkornwurzel, falsche, Eisen, Eisenammoniumcitrat, grünes, Eisenaspartat, Eisenbromid, Eisenchlorid(II), Eisenchlorid(III), Eisenfumarat(ll), Eisengluconat(II), Eisengluconat(lll), Eisenglycinsulfat, Eisenhexacyanoferrat, Eisenhut, Eisenhydrogenaspartat, Eisen(lll)-hydroxid-Dextran-Komplex, Eisen(lll)-hydroxid-Polymaltose-Komplex, Eisen(lll)-hydroxid-Saccharose-Komplex, Eiseniodid, Eisen(lll)-Kalium-citrat- phosphat-Komplex, Eisenkraut, Eisennatriumcitrat, Eisenoxid, Eisenphosphat(lll), Eisen, red., Eisensaccharose, Eisensorbitol,
Eisensuccinat, Eisensulfat, Elefantenlaus, ostindische, Eleutherokokkwurzel, Embryo, Emedastin, Enalapril, Enalaprilat, Enfluran, Enoxacin, Enoxaparin, Enoximon, Entacapon, Enzian, Ephedra, Ephedrin, Epigaea, Epinephrin, Epirubicin, Epoetin alfa, Epoetin beta, Eprazinon, Eprosartan, Eptacog alfa, aktiviert, Eptifibatid, Erdnuß, Erdrauch, Ergocalciferol, Ergotamin, Erythromycin, Esche, Esche, weiße, Eseldistel, Esmolol, Esomeprazol, Espe, amerikanische, Espeletia, Essigsäure, Estradiol, Estradiol benzoat, Estradiol valerat, Estramustin, Estriol, Estrogene, konjugierte, Etacrynsäure, Etamivan, Etanercept, Ethacridin, Ethambutol, Ethanol, Ethenzamid, Ether, Etherweingeist, Ethinylestradiol, Ethiodatöl, Ethosuximid, Ethylcyanoacrylat, Ethylhexanal, Ethylhydrogenfumarat, Ethyllinolat, Ethylnicotinat, Etidronsäure, Etilefrin, Etofenamat, Etofibrat, Etofyllin, Etofyllin clofibrat, Etomidat, Etonogestrel, Etoposid, Eukalyptus, Exemestan,
Fabiankraut, Famciclovir, Famotidin, Fango, Faulbaum, Febuprol, Feige, Felbamat, Felbinac, Felodipin, Felypressin, Fenchel, Fenchon, Fendilin, Fenetyllin, Fenipentol, Fenofibrat, Fenoterol, Fentanyl, Fenticonazol, Ferucarbotran, Ferumoxsil, Fettsäuren, essentielle, Fexofenadin, Fibrinogen vom Menschen (gefriergetrocknet), Fibrinolysin vom Rind, Fichte, Fichtennadelöl, Fieberrinde, Filgrastim, Finasterid, Fingerhut, roter, Fingerhut, wolliger, Fischöl, Flavoxat, Flecainid, Fleischextrakt, Fleroxacin, Fliegenpilz, Flohsamen, indischer, Fluclöxacillin,
Fluconazol, Flucytosin, Fludarabin phosphat, Fludrocortison, Flufenaminsäure, Flumazenil, Flumetason, Flunarizin, Flunisolid, Flunitrazepam, Fluocinolon acetonid, Fluocinonid, Fluocortin butyl, Fluocortolon, Fluor, Fluorescein, Fluoresceindilaurat, Fluorit, Fluorometholon, Fluorouracil, Fluoxetin, Flupentixol, Fluphenazin,
Flupirtin, Flupredniden, Flurazepam, Flurbiprofen, Fluspirilen, Flußaal, Flußsäure, Flußschwamm, Flutamid, Fluticason, Fluvastatin, Fluvoxamin, Follitropin alfa, Follitropin beta, Folsäure, Fomivirsen, Formaldehyd, Formestan, Formoterol, Foscamet natrium, Fosfestrol, Fosfomycin, Fosinopril, Framycetin, Frauenmantel, Frauenschuh,
Friedländerbakterien, Fruchtwasser, Fructose, FSME-Viren, Fumarsäure, Furazolidon, Furosemid, Fusafungin, Fusidinsäure
Gabapentin, Gadobensäure, Gadobutrol, Gadodiamid, Gadopentetsäure, Gadoteridol, Gänseblume, Gänsefingerkraut, Gaffkya tetragena, Gagel, Galactose, Galantamin, Galgant, Gallenblase, Gallertkern, Gallopamil, Galphimia, Ganciclovir, Ganirelix, Gefäß, Gehirn, Gelatine, Gelatinepolysuccinat, Gelbfieberviren, Gelbwurzel, Gelbwurz, javanische, Gelbwurz, kanadische, Gelenke, Gelenkinnenhaut, Gelenkkapsel, Gelsemin, Gemcitabin, Gemeprost, Gemfibrozil, Gentamicin, Geranie, Gerbstoffe, Gestoden, Gestonoron caproat, Gewürznelke, Gewürzsumach, Giftesche, Giftsumach, Ginkgo, Ginseng, Glaskörper, Glibenclamid, Glibornurid, Gliclazid, Glimepirid, Gliquidon, Glockenbilsenkraut, Glucagon, Gluconsäure, Glucoprotamin, Glucosamin, Glucose, Glutaminsäure, Glutaral, Glutathion, Glycerol,
Glyceroldihydrogenphosphat, Glyceroldihydrogenphosphat, Magnesiumsalz, Glycerolmonostearat, Glycerololeat, Glycerolpalmitostearat, Glyceroltrinitrat, Glycin, Glycopyrronium bromid, Glycylglutamin, Glycyltyrosin, Glyoxal, Gneis, Götterbaum, Gold, Goldchlorid, Goldiodid, Goldkreuzkraut, Goldlack, Goldregen, Goldrute, Goldrute, hohe, Goldtrichlorid, gelbes, Gonadorelin, Goserelin, Gottesgnadenkraut, Gramicidin, Granatapfel, Granisetron, Graphit, Grindelia, Griseofulvin, Guaifenesin, Guajacol,
Guajakbaum, Guajazulen, Guanethidin, Guanidin, Guarana, Guarmehl, Gundelrebe, Gypsophila-Saponin
Hämagglutinin, Haematoporphyrin, Hämin, Hämoglobin, Haemophilus influenzae, Hafer, Hahnenfuß, Hahnenfuß, blauer, Hahnenfuß, knolliger, Haifischleberöl, Halcinonid, Halofantrin, Halometason, Haloperidol, Halothan, Hamamelis, Hanf, Hanf, kanadischer, Harnblasenschleimhaut, 13C-Hamstoff, Hamstoff-Wasserstoffperoxid-Additionsverbindung 1 :1 , Haronga, Hartparaffin, Haselwurz, Hauhechel, Haut, Hefe, Heidelbeere, Heisteria, Helmkraut, Helveticusbakterien, Heparin,
Heparinoide, Hepatitisviren, inaktiviert, Heptaminol, Herbstzeitlose, Herz, Herzgespann, Heublume, Hexacalciumhexanatriumheptacitrathexahydrat- Komplex, Hexachlorophen, Hexadecyloctadecylisopropylmyristat, Hexahamstoffaluminiumchlorat, Hexamidin, Hexetidin, Hexylresorcin, Hirnhaut, Hirnrinde, Hirse, Hirtentäschel, Hirudin, Histamin, Histidin, Histidin zink 2H2O, Hohlzahn, Holunder, Holzkohle, gepulvert, Holzteer, Homatropinhydrobromid, Honig, Hopfen, Hornisse, Hornviper, Hortensie, Huflattich, Humanalbumin, Huminsäuren, Hundemilch, Hyaluronidase, Hyaluronsäure, Hydralazin, Hydrastin, Hydrastinin, Hydrochinon, Hydrochlorothiazid, Hydrocodon, Hydrocortison,
Hydrocortison acetat, Hydrocortison buteprat, Hydrocortison 17-butyrat, Hydrocortison hydrogensuccinat, Hydrogencarbonat, Hydromorphon, Hydrotalcit, Hydroxocobalamin, Hydroxybenzoesäure, Hydroxybuttersäure, Hydroxycarbamid, Hydroxychloroquin, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Hydroxyethylrutoside, Hydroxyethyisalicylat, Hydroxyethylstärke,
Hydroxyprogesteron caproat, Hydroxyzin, Hyetellose, Hymecromon, Hyoscyamus, Hypophyse, Hypromellose
Ibandronsäure, Ibuprofen, Icodextrin, Idarubicin, Idoxuridin, Ifosfamid, Ignatia, lloprost, lmidapril, Imiglucerase, Imipenem, Imipramin,
Imiquimod, Immergrün, kanadisches, Immergrün, kleines, Immunglobulin (Botulismus), Immunglobulin (Cytomegalie), Immunglobulin (FSME), Immunglobulin G, Kaninchen, Antihuman-T-Zell, Immunglobulin G, Pferd,
Antihuman-T-Zell, Immunglobulin (Hepatitis B), Immunglobulin (human), Immunglobulin (IgA), Immunglobulin (IgG), Immunglobulin (IgM), Immunglobulin (Tetanus), Immunglobulin (Tollwut), Immunglobulin (Varizella- Zoster), Indanazolin, Indapamid, Indigowurzel, Indinavir, Indocyaningrün, Indometacin, Indoramin, Infliximab, Influenzaviren, Ingwer, lnosin-(dimepranol-4-acetamidobenzoat) 1 :3, Inositol, Inositol nicotinat, Insulin-Aminoquinurid (Rind), Insulin-Aminoquinurid (Schwein), Insulin aspart, Insulin glargin, Insulin human, Insulin human-lsophan, biphasisch, Insulin human-Zink, gemischt, Insulin human-Zink, kristallin, Insulin-Isophan, Insulin lispro, Insulin normal (Rind), Insulin normal
(Schwein), Insulin-Zink-Injektionssuspension, amorph (Schwein), Interferon alfa-2a, Interferon alfa-2b, Interferon alfa-2b, liposomal (PEG), Interferon alfacon-1 , Interferon beta, Interferon beta-1 a, Interferon beta-1 b, Interferon gamma-1 b, Intrinsicfaktor, lobitridol, lod, lodixanol, lodoform, lod (Spurenelement), lohexol, lomeprol, lopamidol, Iopentol, lopromid, losarcol, lotalaminsäure, lotrolan, lotroxinsäure, loversol, loxaglinsäure, loxitalaminsäure, Ipratropium bromid, Iprazochrom, Irbesartan, Irinotecan, Isobomylacetat, Isoconazol, Isofluran, Isoleucin, Isoniazid, Isoprenalin, Isopropyl myristat, Isopropylpalmitat, Isosorbid dinitrat, Isosorbid mononitrat, Isotretinoin, Isradipin, Itraconazol
Jaborandiblätter, Jalape, Jasmin, gelber, Johannisbeere, schwarze, Johanniskraut, Josamycin, Josamycinpropionat
Kaffee, Kaffeekohle, Kaliumacetat, Kaliumadipat,
Kaliumaminoethylphosphat, Kaliumbromid, Kalium canrenoat, Kaliumcarbonat, Kaliumchlorat, Kaliumchlorid, Kalium citrat, Kaliumdichromat, Kaliumdihydrogenphosphat, Kaliumdisulfit, Kaliumhydrogenaspartat, Kaliumhydrogencarbonat, Kaliumhydrogenglutamat, Kaliumhydrogenoxopentandioat, Kaliumhydroxid, Kaliumiodid,
Kaliummonohydrogenphosphat, Kaliumnatriumhydrogencitrat, Kaliumphosphat, Kaliumsalze, Kaliumsulfat, Kaliumtartrat, Kalkschwefelleber, Kalkwasser, Kalmus, Kamille, Kamillenöl, Kamille, römische, Kanamycin,
Kanthariden, Kapuzinerkresse, ' Karayagummi, Kardamomen, Kartoffel, Kaschunuß, Katzengamander, Kavain, Kavakavawurzel, Keimdrüsen, männliche, Keratin, Kermesbeere, Ketamin, Ketoconazol, Ketoprofen, Ketorolac trometamol, Ketotifen, Kiefer, Kieselerde, gereinigt, Kirschlorbeer, Klapperschlange, Kleinhirn, Klette, Knoblauch, Knochen, Knochenmark, Knorpel, Kobalt, Kobaltchlorid, Kobalthydrogenaspartat, Kobaltsulfat, Kockelskömer, Königskerze (Wollblume), Kohle, medizinisch, Kohlendioxid, Kolabaum, Kolibakterien, Kollagen, Koloquinte, Konifere, Kopaivabalsam, Koralle, rote, Koriander, Kreosot, Kreuzspinne, Kubebenpfeffer, Küchenschabe, Küchenschelle, Kümmel, Kürbis,
Kupfer, Kupferarsenit, Kupferchlorid(ll), Kupferdiacetat, Kupfergluconat, Kupferhydrogenaspartat, Kupfematriumcitrat(ll), Kupfernitrat, Kupferoxid, Kupfersulfat
Labkraut, Lachesis, Lacidipin, Lactitol, Lactose, Lactulose,
Larchenschwamm, Lärchenterpentin, Lamivudin, Lamotrigin, Lansoprazol, Larrea mexicana, Latanoprost, Latschenkiefernöl, Laurylpropylendiamin, Lavendel, Lebensbaum, Leber, Lebertran, Lecithin, Leflunomid, Lein, Lenograstim, Lepirudin, Leptandra, Lercanidipin, Lerchensporn, Letrozol, Leucin, Leukozytenultrafiltrat, Leuprorelin, Levamisol,
Levetiracetam, Levobunolol, Levocabastin, Levocarnitin, Levocetirizin, Levodopa, Levofloxacin, Levoglutamid, Levomenol, Levomenthol, Levomepromazin, Levomethadon, Levonorgestrel, Levothyroxin, Levothyroxin natrium, Lidocain, Liebstöckel, Lincomycin, Lindan, Lindenblüten, 9,12-Linolsäure, Liothyronin, α-Liponsäure, (±)- &a!pha;-Liponsäure, Lisinopril, Lisurid, Lithiumacetat, Lithiumbenzoat, Lithiumcarbonat, Lithiumchloratum, Lithiumchlorid, Lithiumeitrat, Lithiumsalicylat, Lithiumsalze, Lithiumsuccinat, Lithiumsulfat, Lobelie, Lodoxamid, Löffelkraut, Löwenzahn, Lofepramin, Lomefloxacin, Lomustin, Lonazolac, Loperamid, Lopinavir, Loprazolam, Loracarbef, Loratadin, Lorazepam, Lormetazepam, Lornoxicam, Losartan, Lovastatin, Luesinum, Luffaschwamm, Lumefantrin, Lunge,
Lungenkraut, Lutropin alfa, Lymphknoten, Lynestrenol, Lysin, DL- Lysinmono(acetylsalicylat), Lysozym
Macrogol, Macrogolcetylstearylether, Macrogolglycerolstearat, Macrogollaurylether, Macrogolpolyoxypropylendodecyltetradecylether, Madar, Mädesüß, Mäusedorn, Magaldrat, Magen, Magnesiumacetat, Magnesiumadipat, Magnesiumaminoethylphosphat, Magnesiumaspartat, Magnesiumaspartathydrobromid, Magnesiumaspartathydrochlorid, Magnesiumcarbonat, Magnesiumchlorid, Magnesiumeitrat, Magnesiumfluorid, Magnesiumgluconat, Magnesiumhydrogenaspartat, Magnesiumhydrogencitrat, Magnesiumhydrogenglutamat, Magnesiumhydrogenphosphat, Magnesiumhydroxid,
Magnesiummonoperoxyphthalat, Magnesiumnicotinat, Magnesiumoxid, leichtes, Magnesiumoxid, schweres, Magnesiumperoxid, Magnesiumphosphoricum (hom.), Magnesiumpyridoxalphosphatglutamat, Magnesiumsalze,
Magnesiumsulfat, Magnesiumtrisilicat, Mahonien, Maiglöckchen, Mais, Maisbrand, Majoran, Malabarnuß, Mangafodipir, Manganchlorid, Mangandigluconat, Mangandioxid, Manganhydrogenaspartat, Mangansulfat, Manna, Mannitol, Maprotilin, Mariendistel, Masemviren, Mate, Mauerpfeffer, Mebendazol, Mebeverin, Mecetronium etilsulfat, Meclocyclin, Meclofenoxat, Meclozin, Medazepam, Medorrhinum, Medrogeston, Medroxyprogesteron, Meerrettich, Meersalz, Meerschwamm, Meerwasser, Meerzwiebel, Mefenaminsäure, Mefloquin, Mefrusid, Megestrol acetat, Meisterwurzel, Melisse, Melonenbaum, Meloxicam, Melperon, Melphalan, Memantin, Menadiol, Meningokokken-Polysaccharid-Impfstoff, Meniscus, Menotropin, Menthon, Mephenesin, Mepindolol, Mepivacain, Meprobamat, Meptazinol, Mequitazin, Merbromin, Mercaptamin, Mercaptopurin, Meropenem, Mesalazin, Mesna, Mesterolon, Mestranol, Mesulfen, Mesuximid, Metakieselsäure, Metamfepramon, Metamizol, Metenolon, Metergolin, Metformin, Methacholin chlorid, Methanol,
Methanthelinium bromid, Methenamin, Metheήamin hippurat, Methenamin- Silbernitrat 1 :2, Methionin, Methocarbamol, Methohexital, Methotrexat, Methoxsalen, Methyldopa, Methylergometrin, Methylhydroxybenzoat,
Methylnicotinat, Methyloxobuttersäure, Methyloxovaleriansäure(3), Methyloxovaleriansäure(4), Methylphenidat, Methylprednisolon, Methylrosalinium chlorid, Methylsalicylat, Methylthioninium chlorid, Methysergid, Metildigoxin, Metipranolol, Metixen, Metoclopramid, Metolazon, Metoprolol, Metronidazol, Mexiletin, Meziocillin, Mianserin, Miconazol, Midazolam, Midodrin, Miglitol, Mikrowachs, Milchpulver, Milchsäure, Milchsäurelangstäbchen, Milrinon, Miltefosin, Milz, Mineralsalze, künstl., Mineralsalze, natürl., Minocyclin, Minoxidil, Minzöl, Mirtazapin, Misoprostol, Mistel, Mitomycin, Mitoxantron, Mivacurium chlorid, Mizolastin, Mociobemid, Modafinil, Mönchspfeffer, Moexipril, Mofebutazon, Mohn, kalifornischer, Molgramostim, Molsidomin, Molybdän, Mometason furoat 1 H2O, Montelukast, Moor, Moos, irländisches, Moos, isländisches, Moraxella lacunata, Moroctocog alfa, Morphin, Moschus, Moxaverin, Moxifloxacin, Moxonidin, Mucin, Mucor mucedo, Mucor racemosus, Münzkraut, Mumpsviren, Mupirocin, Murmeltier,
Muromonab-CD3, Muskatnuß, Muskel, Mutterkorn, Mycobakterium Phlei, Mycophenolat mofetil, Myrrhe, Myrtecain, Myrtillocactus, Myrtol
N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)~10-undecenamid, Nabelschnur, Nachtkerze, Nachtschattenkraut, Nadid, Nadolol, Nadroparin calcium, Nafarelin, Naftidrofuryl, Naftifin, Nalbuphin, Naloxon, Naltrexon, Nandrolon, Naphazolin, Naproxen, Naratriptan, Narde, amerikanische, Nasenschleimhaut, Natamycin, Nateglinid, Natriumacetat, Natriumalginat, Natriumaminoethylphosphat, Natrium aurothiomalat, Natriumbenzoat, Natriumbituminosulfonat, hell, Natriumbituminosulfonat, Trockensubstanz, Natriumbromid, Natriumcarbonat, Natriumchlorid, Natriumchlorit, Natriumeitrat, Natrium dibunat, Natriumdihydrogenphosphat, Natriumfluorid, Natriumfluorophosphat, Natriumgluconat, Natriumhydrogencarbonat, Natriumhydrogenglutamat, Natriumhydroxid, Natriumhypochlorit, Natriumiodid, Natriumlactat, Natriumlaurylsulfoacetat, Natriummolybdat, Natriummonohydrogencitrat, Natriummonohydrogenphosphat, Natriumnitrat, Natriumoxalacetat, Natriumpantothenat, Natrium pentosan polysulfat, Natriumperborat, Natriumperchlorat, Natriumperoxid, Natriumphenylbutyrat,
Natriumphosphat, Natrium picosulfat, Natriumsalicylat, Natriumsalze, Natriumselenit, Natriumsulfat, Natriumtetraborat, Natriumtetrachloroauratum, Natriumthiosulfat, Nebennieren, Nebenschilddrüsen, Nebivolol, Nedocromil, Nefazodon, Nefopam, Neisseria catarrhalis, Nelfinavir, Neomycin, Neostigmin, Netilmicin, Netzhaut, Nevirapin, Niauliöl,
Nicardipin, Nicergolin, Nicethamid, Nickelsalze, Niclosamid, Nicoboxil, Nicotin, Nicotinamid, Nicotinoylprocain, Nicotinsäure, Nieren, Nierenstein, Nieswurz, amerikan., Nieswurz, weiße, Nifedipin, Nifuratel, Nilvadipin, Nimodipin, Nimorazol, Nimustin, Nisoldipin, Nitrate, Nitrazepam, Nitrendipin, Nitrofural, Nitrofurantoin, Nitroprussidnatrium, Nitroxolin, Nizatidin, Nonacog alfa, Nonivamid, Nonoxinol 9, Nordazepam, Norepinephrin, Norethisteron, Norfenefrin, Norfloxacin, Norgestimat, Norgestrel, Nortriptylin, Noscapin, Nystatin
Oberschenkelfaszie, Obidoxim chlorid, Ochsengalle, Oetenidin, Oetocog alfa (BHK), Octodrin, Octreotid, Octyldiphenylphosphat, Odermennig, Ölsäure, Ölsäure-Polypeptid-Kondensat, Ofloxacin, Okoubaka, Olaflur, Olanzapin, Oleander, Oligodiiminoimidocarbonyliminohexamethylen, Olivenöl, Olsalazin, Omeprazol, Ondansetron, Opipramol, Orciprenalin, Organextrakte, Organmischung, Oriistat, Ornithin, Ornithin aspartat,
Orotsäure, Orotsäure, Calciumsalz, Orotsäure, Cholinsalz 1 H2O, Orotsäure, Kupfersalz 2H2O, Orotsäure, Magnesiumsalz, Orotsäure, Zinksalz 2H2O, Orphenadrin, Orthosiphon, Ouabain, Oxaceprol, Oxacillin, Oxaliplatin, Oxalsäure, Oxazepam, Oxcarbazepin, Oxedrin, Oxetacain, Oxiconazol, Oxilofrin, Oxitriptan, Oxitropium bromid, 2-Oxoglutarsäure, 4- Oxopentansäure, Calciumsalz, Oxophenylpropionsäure, Oxprenolol, Oxybuprocain, Oxybutynin, Oxycodon, Oxyfedrin, Oxymetazolin, Oxypolygelatine, Oxytetracyclin, Oxytocin
Paclitaxel, Palivizumab, Palladium, Palmitinsäure, Palmlilie, Pamidronsäure, Pancuronium bromid, Pangamsäure, Pankreas, Pankreas-Pulver, Panthenol, Pantoprazol, Papain, Pappel, Paprika, Paracetamol, Paraffin, dickflüssiges, Paraffin, dünnflüssiges, Paraffine,
Parakresse, Pareirawurzel, Paromomycin, Paroxetin, Passionsblume, Pegaspargase, Pektin, Pelargonie, Pemolin, Penbutolol, Penciclovir, Penicillamin, Pentacalciumhydroxidtrisphosphat, Pentaerythrit, Pentaerythrityl tetranitrat, Pentamidin, Pentazoein, Pentifyllin, Pentostatin, Pentoxifyllin, Pentoxyverin, Pentylcresol, Pepsin, Perazin, Pergolid, Perindopril, Permethrin, Perphenazin, Pertactin, Pertussisbakterien, Perubalsam, Pestwurz, Petersilie, Pethidin, Petroleum, Pfeffer, Pfefferminze, Pfefferminzöl, Pfennigkraut, Pfingstrose, Phenamazid, Phenazon, Phenazopyridin, Phenethylalkohoi, Pheniramin, Phenobarbital, Phenol- Methanal-Hamstoff-Polykondensat, sulfoniert, Phenolphthalein, Phenoxybenzamin, Phenoxyethanol, Phenoxymethylpenicillin, Phenoxymethylpenicillin-Benzathin, Phenoxypropanol, Phenprocoumon, Phenylalanin, Phenylbutazon, Phenylephrin, Phenylpropanolamin, Phenyltoloxamin, Phenytoin, Pholedrin, Phospholipide, Phospholipide aus Sojabohnen, Phospholipide, essentielle, Phosphonoserin, Phosphor, Phosphorsäure, ortho-Phthalaldehyd, Physostigmin, Phytomenadion, Pikrinsäure, Pilocarpin, Pilocarpus-Arten, Pilzenzyme, Piment, Pimozid, Pindolol, α-Pinen, β-Pinen, Pinselschimmel (frequentans), Pinselschimmel (notatum), Pinselschimmel (roqueforti), Pioglitazon, Pipamperon, Pipemidsäure, Pipenzolat bromid, Piperacillin,
Piperonylbutoxid, Pipoxolan, Piprinhydrinat, Piracetam, Pirenoxin, Pirenzepin, Piretanid, Piribedil, Piritramid, Piroxicam, Pizotifen, Placenta, Plasmafibronectin, Plasmaproteine, human, Plasmaprotein, human mit Faktor Vlll-Inhibitor Bypass Aktivität, Plasmaprotein, human mit Faktor VIII korrigierender Aktivität, Plasmaprotein, tierisch, Platin, Platinchlorid,
Pneumokokkenbakterien, Podophyllotoxin, Podophyllwurzel, Policresulen, Polidocanol, Polihexanid, Poliomyelitisviren, Pollen, Polyaziridin, Polydimethylsiliconharz, Polyestradiol phosphat, Polyethylen, Polygelin, Polyisobutylen, Polymethacrylat, Polymethylmethacrylat, Polymethylolhamstoffderivate, Polymyxin B, Polysorbate,
Polystyroldivinylbenzolsulfonsäure, Polythiazid, Polyurethane, Polyvinylalkohol, Pomeranze, Porfimer natrium, Porst, Potenzholz, Povidon, Povidon-lod, Prajmalium bitartrat, Pramipexol, Prasteron,
Pravastatin, Prazepam, Praziquantel, Prazosin, Prednicarbat, Prednisolon, Prednison, Prednyliden, Pridinol, Prilocain, Primidon, Probeneeid, Procain, Procarbazin, Procyclidin, Progesteron, Proglumetacin, Proglumid, Proguanil, Prolin, Promazin, Promethazin, Propafenon, 1-Propanol, 2-Propanol, Propicillin, Propionibakterien, Propiverin, Propofol, Propolis, Propranolol, Propylenglycol, Propylhydroxybenzoat, Propylnicotinat, Propylthiouracil, Propyphenazon, Proscillaridin, Protaminhydrochlorid, Proteasen, Protein C, Proteusbakterien, Prothipendyl, Prothrombin, Protionamid, Protirelin, Proxymetacain, Proxyphyllin, Psorinum, Pyolysin, Pyozyaneusbakterien, Pyrantel, Pyrazinamid, Pyrethrum, Pyridostigmin bromid, Pyridoxin, Pyrimethamin, Pyrithion zink, Pyritinol, Pyrvinium embonat
Quebracho, Quecke, Quecksilber, Quecksilberchlorid(ll), Quecksilbercyanid(ll), Quecksilbercyanidoxid(ll), Quecksilberiodid(ll),
Quecksilber, löslich, Quecksilberoxid(ll), rotes, Quecksilbersulfid(ll), Quendel, Quetiapin, Quinagolid, Quinapril, Quinaprilat, Quinisocain, Quinupristin, Quitte
Rabeprazol, [224Ra]Radiumchlorid, Rainfarn, Raloxifen, Ramipril, Ranitidin, Rasburicase, Ratanhia, Raute, Rauwolfia, Rauwolfia vomitoria, Rebendolde, Rebhuhnbeere, Reboxetin, Remifentanil, Repaglinid, Reproterol, Reserpin, Resorcin, Reteplase, Retinol, Rettich, Reviparin natrium, Rhabarber, Rhododendron, Ribavirin, Riboflavin, Riboflavin-5'-phosphat, Ribonucleinsäure, Rifabutin, Rifampicin, Riluzol, Rimexolon, Ringelblume, Risedronsäure, Risperidon, Ritonavir, Rituximab, Rivastigmin, Rizatriptan, Rizinusöl, raffiniert, Rizolipase, Rocuronium bromid, Röteinviren, Rofecoxib, Ropinirol, Ropivacain, Rosiglitazon, Rosmarin, Roßkastanie, Rote Beete, Roxatidin, Roxithromycin, Rückenmark, Ruhrkraut, Ruprechtskraut, Rutosid, Rutosid, hydroxymethylierr.es, Rutosidschwefelsäureester, Natriumsalz
Sabadilla, Sadebaum, Säckelblume, Sägepalme, Saflor, Safran, Salbei, Salbutamol, Salicylamid, Salicylsäure, Salmeterol, Salmonellenbakterien, Salpetersäure, Salpetersäure, homöopathisch, Salzsäure, Sandelholz, rotes, Sandriedgras, Sanikel, Santakraut, Saquinavir, Sarsaparille, Sauerampfer, Sauerklee, Schachtelhalm,
Schafgarbe, Schieferöl, raffiniertes, Schierling, Schilddrüse, Schlafmohn, Schlagader, Schlehe, Schleifenblume, Schleimhaut, Schlüsselblume, Schneckenextrakt, Schneeballbaum, Schnurbaum, Schöllkraut, Schwalbenwurz, Schwarze Witwe, Schwefel, Schwefel, feinverteilter, Schwefel, kolloidaler, Schwefelleber, Schwefelsäure, Schwertlilie,
Schwertlilie, buntfarbige, Scopolamin, Secretin, Seidelbast, Seifenkraut, Selegilin, Selen, Selendisulfid, Senega-Kreuzblume, Senna, Sepia, Serin, Serrapeptase, Sertaconazol, Sertralin, Sevelamer, Sevofluran, Sibutramin, Silberaminoethylphosphat, Silbereiweißacetyltannat, Silber, kolloidales, Silber, metall., Silbernitrat, Sildenafil, Silibinin,
Siliciumdioxid, Simarubawurzel, Simeticon, Simvastatin, Siphonospora polymorpha, Sirolimus, β-Sitosterin, Smectit, Sojabohne, Sojalecithin, Somatorelin, Somatostatin, Somatropin, Sonnenblume, Sonnenblume, knollige, Sonnenhut, blaßfarben, Sonnenhut, roter, Sonnenhut, schmalblättriger, Sonnenröschen, Sonnentau, Soorpilz, Sorbinsäure, Sorbitansesquioleat, Sorbitol, Sotalol, Spargel, Spectinomycin, Spiklavendel, Spiramycin, Spirapril, Spironolacton, Spitzwegerich, Stärkehydrolysat, Staphylokokken, Stavudin, Stechpalme, Steinblüte, Steinklee, Steinkohlenteer, Steinkohlenteeriösung, Steinkraut, Stephanskraut, Sternanis, Sternwurz, Stiefmütterchen, Stinkasant, Stinktier, Stramonium, Streptodornase, Streptokinase, Streptokokken, Streptokokkenantigen, Streptomycin, Strontiumcarbonat, Strontiumchlorid, Strophanthus, Sucralfat, Süßholz, Sufentanil, Sulbactam, Sulfaeetamid, Sulfadiazin, Sulfadiazin Silber, Sulfalen, Suifamerazin, Sulfamethoxazol, Sulfasalazin, Sulfat, Sulpirid, Sulproston, Sultamicillin, Sultiam, Sumatriptan, Sumbulwurzel, Suxamethonium chlorid, Syzygium
Tabak, Tacalcitol, Tacrolimus, Talinolol, Tamoxifen, Tamsulosin, Tannin, Tannin-Eiweiß, Tarantel, Taubnessel, Taurin, Taurolidin, Tausendgüldenkraut, Tazaroten, Tazobactam, Teer, Teicoplanin, Telithromycin, Telmisartan, Temazepam, Temozolomid, Tenecteplase, Teniposid, Terazosin, Terbinafin, Terbutalin, Terfenadin, Terizidon, Terlipressin, Terpentinöl, Terpinhydrat, Testolacton, Testosteron, Testosteronenantat, Testosteron propionat, Tetanusbazillus, Tetraacetylethylendiamin, Tetrabromcresol, Tetracain, Tetracosactid, Tetracyclin, Tetrazepam, Tetroxoprim, Tetryzolin, Teufelsabbiß, Teufelskralle, Thalliumaeetat, Thalliumsulfat, Theodrenalin, Theophyllin, Theophyllin-Natriumglycinat, Thiamazol, Thiamin,
Thiamindihydrogenphosphat, Thiamindisulfid, Thiamin nitrat, Thiocyanat, Thiopental natrium, Thioridazin, Thiotepa, Threonin, Thrombin, Thryalliskraut, Thymian, Thymol, Thymostimulin (Kalb), Thymusdrüse, Thyrotrophin, Tiagabin, Tiaprid, Tiaprofensaure, Tibolon, Ticlopidin, Tierkohle, Tigerlilie, Tiglibaum, Tilidin, Tiludronsäure, Timolol, Tinidazol, Tinzaparin natrium, Tioconazol, Tioguanin, Tiopronin, Tioxolon, Tirofiban, Titandioxid, Tizanidin, Tobramycin, Tocainid, α-Tocopherol, RRR-α-Tocopherol, α-Tocopherolacetat, RRR-α-Tocopherolacetat, DL-&aIpha;-Tocopherolhydrogensuccinat, RRR-α-Tocopherolhydrogensuccinat, Tolbutamid, Tolciclat, Tollkirsche, Tollwutviren, Tolnaftat, Tolonium chlorid, Tolperison, Tolterodin, Ton, Topiramat, Topotecan, Torasemid, Toremifen, Tormentille, Tosylchloramid Natrium, Tramadol, Tramazolin, Trandolapril, Tranexamsäure, Tranyleypromin, Trapidil, Trastuzumab, Travoprost, Trazodon, Treosulfan, Tretinoin, Triacylglycerollipase, Triamcinolon, Triamcinolon acetonid, Triamcinolon hexaeetonid, Triamteren, Triazolam, Tributyltetradecylphosphoniumchlorid, Tributylzinnbenzoat, Trichlormethiazid, Trichophyton-Antigen, Trichophytonpilz, Triclocarban, Triclosan, Triflupromazin, Trifluridin, Triglyceride, mittelkettige, Trihexyphenidyl, Trimethoprim, Trimethylhesperidinchalcon, Trimipramin, Tripelennamin, Triptorelin, Tritoqualin, Trofosfamid, Tromantadin, Trometamol, Tropalpin, Tropicamid, Tropisetron, Trospium chlorid, Troxerutin,
Trypsin, Tryptophan, Tuaminoheptan, Tuberkelbakterien (BCG), Tuberkulin,' Tulobuterol, Tyloxapol, Typhus-Lebend-Impfstoff, Typhus- Polysaccharid-Impfstoff, Tyramin, Tyrosin, Tyrothricin
Ulme, Undecylensäure, Urapidil, Uridindiphosphat, Uridinmonophosphat, Uridintriphosphat, Urofollitropin, Urokinase, Ursodeoxycholsäure, Uzara,
Valaciclovir, Valin, Valproinsäure, Valsartan, Vanadium, Vancomycin, Varizellen viren, Vaselin, weiß, Vecuronium bromid, Venlafaxin, Verapamil, Verteporfin, Vigabatrin, Viloxazin, Vinblastin, Vincamin, Vincristin, Vindesin, Vinorelbin, Vinpocetin, Vogelknöterich
Wacholder, Wacholderteer, Walddolde, Waldgamander, Waldrebe, Walnuß, Warfarin, Wasser, Wasserfenchel, Wasserhanf, Wasserhanf, roter, Wasserhyazinthe, Wasserlinse, Wassernabel, Wasserschierling, Wasserstoffperoxid, Wegwarte, Weide, Weihrauch, Wein, roter, Weißdorn, Weizen, Wermut, Wespe, Wespengift, Wintergrün, Winterschachtelhalm, Wirbelsäule, Wolfsfuss, virginischer, Wolfstrapp, amerikanisch, Wolfstrapp, europäisch, Wollwachsalkohole, Wurmfarn, Wurmkraut
Xanthangummi, Xantinol nicotinat, Xipamid, Xylitol, Xylometazolin
Yamswurzel (HAB), Yohimbebaum, Yohimbin,Zahnleiste, Zahnstocherkraut, Zahnwehholz, Zalcitabin, Zaleplon, Zanamivir, Zaunrübe, Zidovudin, Zimt, Zimt, chinesischer, Zink, Zinkacetat, Zinkaspartat, Zinkchlorid, Zinkdivalerat, Zinkgluconat, Zinkoxid, Zinkphosphat, Zinksulfat, Zinn, Zirbeldrüse, Zirkoniumoxid, Zitrone, Zitronelle, Zitwer, Zoledronsäure, Zolmitriptan, Zolpidem, Zopiclon, Zotepin, Zuckersirup, Zuclopenthixol, Zwiebel, Zwischenhirn, Zypresse, Zypressenwolfsmilch,
Weitere geeignete biologisch aktive Substanzen ödere Materialien sind:
Mafosfamid, BNP 7787, D-63153, D-24851 , D-70166, D-64131 , Cematodin LU 103793, LU 223651 , A-299620, Onconas® Ranpinase, ZD-6126 (ANG-453), BMS- 188797, BMS-275183, BMS-247550, Paclitaxel polyglutamate CT-2103/Xyotax, E- 7070 ER-35744, ABT-751/E-7010, Cryptophycin 52 LY-355703, LY-290293, Rhizoxin, Anhydrovinblastin, Cantuzumabmertansine HuC 242-DM1/SB-408075, HuN901-DM1 , MLN-591 DM1 , N° 6529, IDN-5109, Vincristin Inex, Vinca Alkoloids, Vincristine Alza, Dolastatin 10, Combrestatin A-4, Oxi-COM-102, ET-743 Ecteinnascidin, Isohomohalichondrin B, Vinorelbine Navelbine®...???, Vinflunine F- 12158. Anhydrovinblastin, Sosei, BIWI-1 , Soblidotin TZT-1027, Griseofulvin Transdermal, T-138067, T-900607, HTI-286, D-82318, Discodermolide Analoge, NPI-2350, Tublin bindende Substanzen (tubulin binding agents), DIME, VTA Anticancer, Glivec Imatinib mesylate STI-571 , IMC-C225 Cetuximab, Iressa gefitinib ZD 1839, Tarceva™ erlotinib OSI-774, CPG-41251 , UCN-01 , SU-6668 TSU- 68, ZD 6474, TAK-165, Vatalanib PTK-787 / ZK-222584, CI-1033 (PD-183805), PKI- 166 CGP-75166, GW-2016, EKB-569, ABX-EGF, IMC-1 C11 , Semaxanib SU-5416
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Sicherheitsbehälter nach einem der vorstehenden Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die biologisch aktive Substanz eine cytotoxische Substanz ist, bereitgestellt.
Cytotoxische oder auch allgemein cytotoxische Substanzen im Sinne der Erfindung sind insbesondere Cytostatika (Zytostatika; Chemotherapeutika zur Behandlung des Krebses), Metastasehemmer und andere antineoplastische Mittel. Geeignete biologisch aktive Substanzen sind weiterhin Protektiva, wie Mesna oder BNP7787.
Geeignete cytotoxische Substanzen bzw. Protektiva können weiterhin die nachstehend genannten Stoffe sein:
Vinblastin, Vincristin, Vindesin, Vinorelbin, Etoposid, Teniposid, Carmustin, Nimustin, Lomustin, Cyclophosphamid, Estramustin, Melphalan, Ifosfamid, Trofosfamid, Chlorambucil, Bendamustin, Darcabazin, Busulfan, Procarbazin, Treosulfan, Temozolomid, Thiotepa, Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Mitoxantron, Indarubicin, Bleomycin, Mitomycin, Dactinomycin, Methotrexat, Fludarabin phosphat,
Cladribin, Mercaptopurin, Tioguanin, Cytarabin, Fluorouracil, Gemcitabin, Capecitabin, Paclitaxel (Taxol®), Docetaxel, Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin, Amsacrin, Irinotecan, Topotecan, Interferon alfa-2b, Interferon alfa-2a Hydroxycarbamid, Miltefosin, Pentostatin, Porfimer natrium, Aldesleukin, Tretinion, Asparaginase, Pegaspargase, Trastuzumab, Alemtuzumab, Rituximab, Polyestradiol phosphat, Fosfestrol, Ethinylestradiol, Medroxyprogesteronacetat, Gestonoron caproat, Megestrol acetat, Norethisteron, Lynestrenol, Buserelin, Triptorelin, Leuprorelin, Goserelin, Testolacton, Testosteron, Tamoxifen, Toremifen, Flutamid, Bicatulamid, Cyproteron, Anastrozol, Exemestan, Letrozol, Formestan, Aminoglutethimid, Calciumfolinat, Amifostin, Rasburicase, Lenograstim, Molgramostim, Filgrastim, Mesna (Protektivum), BNP7787 (Protektivum)
Weitere Beispiele für biologisch aktive Substanzen sind: anorganische und organische Wirkstoffe, anorganische oder organische Giftstoffe, Impfstoffe, Viren, Bakterien, Vektoren
Impfstoffe: Hepatitis, Röteln, Diphtherie, Polio, Pocken, Tetanus, Cholera, Masern,
Mumps, Meningokokken, FSME, Gasbrand, Grippe
Zytostatika (organisch): Cyclophosphamid, Fluorouracil, Cisplatin, Ifosfamid,
Trofosfamid, Carmustin, Lomustin, Vinblastin, Vincristin, Vindesin, Vinorelbin, Etoposid, Teniposid, Nimustin, Mitoxantron, Methotrexat, Oxaliplatin, Taxol,
Mafosfamid, Carboplatin
Weitere geeignete biologisch aktive Materialien sind nachstehend genannt:
Nachfolgend sind weitere erfindungsgemäß geeignete biologisch aktive Substanzen gemäß den NIH Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules (NIH Guidelines) in der Fassung vom April 2002 genannt (siehe Seiten 28-36):
Appendix A-l. Sublist A
Genus Escherichia Genus Shigella
Genus Salmonella - einschliesslich Arizona Genus Enterobacter
Genus Citrobacter- einschliesslich Levinea Genus Klebsieila - einschliesslich oxytoca Genus Erwinia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens, und Pseudomonas mendocina Serratia marcescens Yersinia enterocolitica
Appendix A-Il. Sublist B Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus licheniformis
Bacillus pumilus
Bacillus globigii
Bacillus niger Bacillus nato
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
Bacillus aterrimus
Appendix A-Ill. Sublist C Streptomyces aureofaciens Streptomyces rimosus Streptomyces coelicolor
Appendix A-IV. Sublist D Streptomyces griseus Streptomyces cyaneus Streptomyces venezuelae
Appendix A-V. Sublist E One way Transfer von Streptococcus mutans oder Streptococcus lactis DNA in Streptococcus sanguis
Appendix A-VL Sublist F
Streptococcus sanguis Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus faecalis Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus mutans
APPENDIX B. Klassifizierung von humanen etioiogischen Wirkstoffen nach Gefahr
Dieser Appendix beinhaltet solche biologischen Wirkstoffe bzw. Agentien, von denen bekannt ist, daß sie den Menschen und ausgewählte tierische Agentien, die ein theoretisches Risiko darstellen, wenn dem Menschen inokuliert. Beigefügt sind
Listen von representativen Genera und Spezies, von welchen bekannt ist, daß sie pathogen sind.
Appendix B - Tabelle 1. Basis für die Klassifizierung von Biogefährlichen Wirkstoffen (Agentien) nach Risikogruppen (RG)
Risikogruppe 1 (RG1) Agentien, welche nicht assoziiert sind mit Krankheiten von gesunden erwachsenen Menschen
Risikogruppe 2 (RG2) Agentien welche assoziiert sind mit menschlichen Krankheiten, die selten ernst sind und für welche präventive oder therapeutischen Interventionen häufig zur Verfügung stehen.
Risiko Gruppe 3 (RG3) Agentien welche assoziiert sind mit ernsten und tödlichen Krankheiten für welche präventive oder therapeutischen Interventionen möglicherweise zur Verfügung stehen (hohes individuelles Risiko aber niedriges Gemeinschaftsrisiko). Risiko Gruppe 4 (RG4) Agentien welche wahrscheinlich ernsthafte und tödliche Krankheiten beim Menschen verursachen, für die üblicherweise präventive oder therapeutischen Interventionen nicht zur Verfügung stehen (hohes individuelles Risiko und hohes Gemeinschaftsrisiko)
Appendix B-l. Risikogruppe 1 (RG1) Agentien
RG1 Agentien sind nicht assoziiert mit Krankheiten von gesunden erwachsenen Menschen. Beispiele für RG1 Agentien umfassen: asporogenic Bacillus subtilis oder Bacillus licheniformis (see Appendix C-IV-A, Bacillus subtilis oder Bacillus licheniformis Host-Vector Systeme, Exceptions); Adeno- assoziierte Virus (AAV) Typen 1 bis 4; und
Recombinant AAV Konstrukte, bei denen das Transgen nicht codiert für entweder ein potentielles tumorigenes Genprodukt oder ein Toxinmolekül und die in Abwesenheit von Helfervirus produziert werden. Ein Stamm von Escherichia coli (siehe
Appendix C-Il-A, Escherichia co// K-12 Host Vector Systeme, Exceptions) ist ein RG1 Agentium fall es (1) nicht besitzt ein komplettesoes not Lipopolysaccharid (i.e., es fehlt das O Antigen); und (2) keinen aktiven Virulence-Factor (z..B., Toxine) oder Kolonisation-Faktoren trägt and keine Gene trägt, die für solche Faktoren codieren.
Die Agentien gemäß Zuordnung in den Risikogruppen (RGs) 2, 3 and 4 sind nicht automatisch oder implizit klassifiziert in RG1 ; eine Risikoabschätzung muß aufgrund ihrer bekannten oder potentiellen Eigenschaften und ihrer Beziehungen zu den gelisteten Agentien durchgeführt werden.
Appendix B-IL Risikogruppe 2 (RG2) Agentien
(RG2) Agentien welche assoziiert sind mit menschlichen Krankheiten, die selten ernst sind und für welche präventive oder therapeutischen Interventionen häufig zur Verfügung stehen.
Appendix B-Il-A. Risikogruppe 2 (RG2) - bakterielle Agentien einschliesslich Chlamydia
--Acinetobacter baumannii (früher Acinetobacter calcoaceticus)
-Actinobacillus
-Actinomyces pyogenes (früher Corynebacterium pyogenes)
-Aeromonas hydrophila
-Amycolata autotrophica -Archanobacterium haemolyticum (früher Corynebacterium haemolyticum)
-Arizona hinshawii - alle Serotypen
-Bacillus anthracis
-Bartonella henselae, B. quintana, B. vinsonii
-Bordetella einschliesslich B. pertussis -Borrelia recurrentis, B. burgdorferi
-Burkholderia (früher Pseudomonas Spezies) ausgenommen solche gelistet in
Appendix B-III-A (RG3))
-Campylobacter coli, C. fetus, C. jejuni
-Chlamydia psittaci, C. trachomatis, C. pneumoniae -Clostridium botulinum, Cl. chauvoei, Cl. haemolyticum, Cl. histolyticum, Cl. novyi,
Cl. septicum, Cl. tetani
-Corynebacterium diphtheriae, C. pseudotuberculosis, C. renale
-Dermatophilus congolensis
-Edwardsieila tarda -Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
-Escherichia coli - alle enteropathogenen, enterotoxigenen, enteroinvasiven and
Stamme welche K1 Antigen tragen, einschliesslich E. co// O157:H7
-Haemophilus ducreyi, H. influenzae -Helicobacter pylori
-Klebsiella - alle Spezies ausgenommen K. oxytoca (RG1)
-Legionella einschliesslich L pneumophila
-Leptospira interrogans - alle Serotypen
-Listeria -Moraxella
-Mycobacterium (ausgenommen solche gelistet in Appendix B-Ill-A (RG3)) einschliesslich M. avium Komplex, M. asiaticum, M. bovis BCG Vaccine Stamm, M. chelonei, M. fortuitum, M. kansasii, M. leprae, M. malmoense, M. marinum, M. paratuberculosis, M. scrofulaceum, M. simiae, M. szulgai, M. ulcerans, M. xenopi
-Mycoplasma, ausgenommen M. mycoides und M. agalactiae welche restrikte
Tierpathogene sind
-Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis
-Nocardia asteroides, N. brasiliensis, N. otitidiscaviarum, N. transvalensis -Rhodococcus equi
-Salmonella einschl. S. arizonae, S. cholerasuis, S. enteritidis, S. gallinarum- pullorum, S. meleagridis, S. paratyphi, A, B, C, S. typhi, S. typhimu um
-Shigella einschl. S. boydii, S. dysenteriae, Typ 1 , S. flexneri, S. sonnei -Sphaerophorus necrophorus
-Staphylococcus aureus
-Streptobacillus moniliformis
-Streptococcus einschl. S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes
-Treponema pallidum, T. carateum
-Vibrio cholerae, V. parahemolyticus, V. vulnificus -Yersinia enterocolitica
Appendix B-II-B. Risikogruppe 2 (RG2) - pilzliche Agentien -Blastomyces dermatitidis
-Cladosporium bantianum, C. (Xylohypha) trichoides
-Cryptococcus neoformans
-Dactylaria galopava (Ochroconis gallopavum)
-Epidermophyton -Exophiala (Wangiella) dermatitidis
-Fonsecaea pedrosoi
-Microsporum
-Paracoccidioides braziliensis
-Penicillium marneffei -Sporothrix schenckii
-Trichophyton
Appendix B-Il-C. Risikogruppe 2 (RG2) - Parasitische Agentien
-Ancylostoma human hookworms einschliesslich A. duodenale, A. ceylanicum -Ascaris einschliesslich Ascaris lumbricoides suum
-Babesia einschliesslich ß. divergens, B. microti
-Brugia filaria worms einschliesslich ß. malayi, B. timori
—Coccidia
-Cryptosporidium einschliesslich C. parvum -Cysticercus cellulosae (hydatid cyst, larva of T. solium)
-Echinococcus einschliesslich E. granulosis, E. multilocularis, E. vogeli
-Entamoeba histolytica
-Enterobius
-Fasciola einschliesslich F. gigantica, F. hepatica -Giardia einschliesslich G. lamblia
—Heterophyes
—Hymenolepis einschliesslich H. diminuta, H. nana
—Isospora
—Leishmania einschliesslich L. braziliensis, L. donovani, L. ethiopia, L. major, L. mexicana, L. peruvania, L. tropica
—Loa loa filaria worms
—Microsporidium
-Naegleria fowleri
-Necator human hookworms einschliesslich N. americanus -Onchocerca filaria worms einschliesslich, O. volvulus
-Plasmodium einschliesslich simian species, P. cynomologi, P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale, P. vivax
-Sarcocystis einschliesslich S. sui hominis
-Schistosoma einschliesslich S. haematobium, S. intercalatum, S. japonicum, S. mansoni, S. mekongi
-Strongyloides einschliesslich S. stercoralis
-Taenia solium
-Toxocara einschliesslich T. canis
-Toxoplasma einschliesslich T. gondii
-Trichinella spiralis
-Trypanosoma einschliesslich T. brucei brucei, T. brucei gambiense, T. brucei rhodesiense, T. cruzi -Wuchereria bancrofti filaria worms
Appendix B-Il-D. Risikogruppe 2 (RG2) - Viren Adenoviruses, human - alle Typen Alphaviruses (Togaviruses) - Gruppe A Arboviren -Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus -Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis vaccine Stamm TC-83 --Western equine encephalomyelitis virus Arenaviren "Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (non-neurotropic Stämme)
-Tacaribe virus Komplex -Andere Viren gemäß der Auflistung in: U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Health. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, 4th Edition, 1999 (Kopien sind erhältlich von: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402-9371 (Stock # 017-040-00547-4), Phone (202) 512-1800). Bunyaviren -Bunyamwera virus — Rift Valley Fiebervirus vaccine Stamm MP-12
- Andere Viren gemäß Auflistung in: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the
National Institutes of Health. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical
Laboratories, 4th Edition, 1999 (s.o.)
Calciviren
Coronaviren Flaviviren (Togaviren) - Gruppe B Arboviren
-Dengue virus Serotypen 1 , 2, 3, und 4
-Yellow fever (Gelbfieber) virus vaccine Stamm 17D
- Andere Viren gemäß Auflistung in: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Health. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical
Laboratories, 4th Edition, 1999
Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E Viren
Herpesviren - ausgenommen Herpesvirus simiae (Monkey B virus) (siehe Appendix
B-IV-D, Risikogruppe 4 (RG4) - Virale Agentien) -Cytomegalovirus
-Epstein Barr virus
-Herpes simplex Typen 1 und 2
-Herpes zoster
-Human herpesvirus Typen 6 und 7 Orthomyxoviren
-Influenzaviren Typen A, B, und C
-Andere tick-borne orthomyxoviren gemäß Auflisting in: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention and the National Institutes of Health. Biosafety in Microbiological and
Biomedical Laboratories, 4th Edition, 1999
Papovaviren
-Alle humanen papilloma Viren Paramyxoviren
-Newcastle disease virus
-Measles virus
-Mumps virus
-Parainfluenza Viren Typen 1 , 2, 3, und 4 -Respiratory syncytial virus
Parvoviren
-Human parvovirus (B19)
Picornaviren
-Coxsackie viren Typen A und B -Echoviren - alle Typen
-Polioviren - alle Typen, wild und attenuiert
-Rhinoviren - alle Typen
Poxviren - alle Typen ausgenommen Monkeypox virus (siehe Appendix B-III-D,
Risikogruppe 3 (RG3) - Viren und Prione) und restrikte Poxviren einschliesslich Alastrim, Smallpox, and Whitepox
Reoviren - alle Typen einschliesslich Coltivirus, human Rotavirus, and Orbivirus
(Colorado tick fever virus)
Rhabdoviren
-Rabies virus - alle Stämme -Vesicular stomatitis virus - Labor adaptierte Stämme einschiesslich VSV-lndiana,
San Juan, and Glasgow
Togaviren (siehe Alphaviren und Flaviviren)
-Rubivirus (rubella) Appendix B-Ill. Risikogruppe 3 (RG3) Agentien
RG3 Agentien welche assoziiert sind mit ernsten und tödlichen Krankheiten für welche präventive oder therapeutischen Interventionen möglicherweise zur Verfügung stehen (hohes individuelles Risiko aber niedriges Gemeinschaftsrisiko). Appendix B-Ill-A. Risikogruppe 3 (RG3) - bakterielle Agentien einschliesslich Rickettsia
-Bartonella
-Brucella einschliesslich ß. abortus, B. canis, B. suis
-Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) mallei, B. pseudomallei -Coxiella burnetii
-Francisella tularensis
-Mycobacterium bovis (ausgenommen BCG Stamm, siehe Appendix B-Il-A,
Risikogruppe 2 (RG2) - Bakterielle Agentien einschliesslich Chlamydia), M. tuberculosis -Pasteurella multocida Typ B -"buffalo" und andere virulente Stämme
-Rickettsia akari, R. australis, R. canada, R. conorii, R. prowazekii, R. rickettsii, R, siberica, R. tsutsugamushi,
R. typhi (R. mooseri)
-Yersinia pestis
Appendix B-Ill-B. Risikogruppe 3 (RG3) - pilzliche Agentien
-Coccidioides immitis (sporulating Kulturen; kontaminierte Erde) -Histoplasma capsulatum, H. capsulatum var.. duboisi i Appendix B-I1I-C. Risikogruppe 3 (RG3) - parasitäre Agentien
Keine
Appendix B-Ill-D. Risikogruppe 3 (RG3) - Viren und Prionen
Alphaviren (Togaviren) - Gruppe A Arboviren -Semliki Forest virus
-St. Louis encephalitis virus
-Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (ausgenommen der Impfstamm TC-83, siehe Appendix B-Il-D (RG2))
-Andere Viren gemäß Auflistung in der Referenzquelle (siehe Section V-C, Footnotes and References of Sections I bis IV)
Arenaviren
-Flexal
-Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCM) (neurotropische Stämme)
Bunyaviren -Hantaviruses einschliesslich Hantaan virus
-Riff Valley fever virus
Flaviviren (Togaviren) - Gruppe B Arboviren
-Japanese encephalitis virus
-Yellow fever virus - Andere Viren gemäß Auflistung in: U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the
National Institutes of Health. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical
Laboratories, 4th Edition, 1999
Poxviren -Monkeypox virus
Prionen
-Transmissible spongioform encephalopathies (TME) agentien (Creutzfeldt-Jacob
Krankheit und kuru Agentien)
Retro viren -Humane immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Typen 1 und 2
-Human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) Typen 1 und 2
-Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)
Rhabdoviren
--Vesicular stomatitis virus
Appendix B-IV. Risikogruppe 4 (RG4) Agentien
(RG4) Agentien welche wahrscheinlich ernsthafte und tödliche Krankheiten beim
Menschen verursachen, für die üblicherweise präventive oder therapeutischen
Interventionen nicht zur Verfügung stehen (hohes individuelles Risiko und hohes Gemeinschaftsrisiko)
Appendix B-IV-A. Risikogruppe 4 (RG4) - bakterielle Agentien keine
Appendix B-IV-B. Risikogruppe 4 (RG4) - pilzliche Agentien keine
Appendix B-IV-C. Risikogruppe 4 (RG4) - parasitäte Agentien
Keine
Appendix B-IV-D. Risikogruppe 4 (RG4) - virale Agentien Arenaviren
-Guanarito virus
-Lassa virus
-Junin virus
-Machupo virus -Sabia
Bunyaviren (Nairovirus)
"Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
Filoviren
-Ebola virus -Marburg virus
Flaviren (Togaviren) - Gruppe B Arboviren
-Tick-borne encephalitis virus Komplex einschliesslich Absetterov, Central European encephalitis, Hanzalova, Hypr,
Kumlinge, Kyasanur Forest Krankheit, Omsk hemorrhagic Fieber, und Russian spring-summer encephalitis Viren
Herpesviren (alpha)
-Herpesvirus simiae (Herpes B oder Monkey B virus)
Paramyxoviren
-Equine morbillivirus Hemorrhagic Fieber Agentien und Viren soweit noch Undefiniert
Appendix B-V. Animal Viral Etiologic Agents in Common Use
Den nachfolgende Liste der tierischen etioiogischen Agentien ist der Liste von humanen etioiogischen Agentien angehängt. Keine der Agentien ist assoziiert mit Krankheiten von gesunden erwachsenen Menschen. Sie werden üblicherweise für Laborexperimente verwendet. Bestimmte Agentien, z.B. amphotropic und xenotropic Staämme von murine leukemia virus, können menschliche Zellen infizieren.
Baculoviren Herpesviren
-Herpesvirus ateles
-Herpesvirus saimiri
-Marek's disease virus
-Murine cytomegalovirus Papovaviren
-Bovine papilloma virus
-Polyoma virus
-Shope papilloma virus
-Simian virus 40 (SV40) Retro viren
-Avian leukosis virus
-Avian sarcoma virus
-Bovine leukemia virus
-Feline leukemia virus -Feline sarcoma virus
-Gibbon leukemia virus -Mason-Pfizer monkey virus -Mouse mammary tumor virus -Murine leukemia virus -Murine sarcoma virus -Rat leukemia virus
Appendix B-V-1. Murine Retrovirale Vectoren
Murine retroviral Vectoren werden für humane Transferexperimente verwendet
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Sicherheitsbehälter nach einem der vorstehenden Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die cytotoxische Substanz aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Ifosfamid, Cyclophosphamid, Trofosfamid, Mafosfamid, Acridin-Derivate gemäß der Internationalen Patentanmeldung Nr. PCT/US98/532 eingereicht am 6. Januar 1998 (WO 98/30545), wie z.B. die dort auf den Seiten 32-40 beschriebene Verbindung S303 (ß-Alanin-N-acridin-9-yl-2[bis(2-chlorethyl)amino]ethylester), Mitoxantron, LHRH-Agonisten, LH-RH-Antagonisten wie z.B. Cetrorelix, Teverelix oder die LH- RH-Antagonisten gemäß den Internationalen Patentanmeldungen PCT/EP00/02165 eingereicht am 11. März 2000 und PCT/EP01/02719 eingereicht am 12. März 2001 , wie etwa der dort beschriebene LH-RH-Antagonist D-63153 (Ac-D~Nal(2)-D-Cpa-D- Pal(3)-Ser-N-Me-Tyr-D-Hci-Nle-Arg-Pro-D-Ala-NH2, z.B. als Acetatsalz; CAS 295350-45-7), N-subsituierte lndol-3-glyoxylamide gemäß den internationalen Patentanmeldungen Nr. PCT/EP97/04474 eingereicht am 16. August 1997, PCT/EP99/01918 eingereicht am 22. März 1999, und PCT/EP00/09390 eingereicht am 26. September 2000, wie z. B. die dort beschriebene Tubulininhibitor D-24851 (N-Pyridyl-4-yl)-[1-(4-chlorbenzyl)indol-3-yI]-glyoxylamid), Glufosfamid, Mesna (z.B. als Protektivum) und BNP7787 (Dimesna, 2,2'-dithio-bis-ethane sulfonate z.B. als Dinatriumsalz) (z.B. als Protektivum) ausgewählt worden ist, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Sicherheitsbehälter nach einem der vorstehenden Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die Beschichtung durch die Schritte i) Behandeln des befüllten, verschlossenen und ggf. gekennzeichneten Behälter mit einem Medium, welches mindestens ein Polymer enthält, und ii) anschließend Trocknen des mit dem Medium behandelten Behälters angebracht worden ist, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Sicherheitsbehälter nach einem der vorstehenden Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die Behandlung durch Besprühen durchgeführt worden ist, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Sicherheitsbehälter nach einem der vorstehenden Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass
das Besprühen durch Einsatz von Scherkräften (z.B. Verwendung einer Düse) und/oder Einsatz von Fliehkräften (z.B. Verwendung einer Drehscheibe) durchgeführt worden ist, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Sicherheitsbehälter nach einem der vorstehenden Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die Behandlung durch Eintauchen durchgeführt worden ist, bereitgestellt Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Sicherheitsbehälter nach einem der vorstehenden Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die Behandlung durch Aufbringen eines Pulvers (Powder) durchgeführt worden ist, bereitgestellt
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Sicherheitsbehälter nach einem der vorstehenden Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass das mindestens ein Polymer enthaltende Medium aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Pulver Powder), Dispersion, Emulsion, Suspension, Lösung und Mehrkomponentensysteme (z.B.. Zwei- oder Dreikomponentensysteme; die einzelnen Komponenten werden erst kurz vor dem Auftragen zusammengebracht) ausgewählt worden ist, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Sicherheitsbehälter nach einem der vorstehenden Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass das Polymer aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Polyurethan, Polyester und Polyester- Polyurethan- Mischungen ausgewählt worden ist, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines befüllten, verschlossenen und ggf. gekennzeichneten Sicherheitsbehältern für biologisch aktive Substanzen mit erhöhter bzw. hoher Bruch- und Splitterfestigkeit sowie kontaminationsfreier Außenfläche, wobei der Behälter einen Hohlkörper mit mindestens einer Öffnung, je einen Verschluß pro Öffnung, ggf. eine Kennzeichnung, und mindestens eine in den Hohlkörper gefüllte biologisch aktive Substanz umfaßt und wobei an der Außenseite des befüllten, verschlossenen und ggf. gekennzeichneten Behälters ganz oder teilweise eine
Beschichtung angebracht worden ist, charakterisiert durch die Schritte i) Behandeln des befüllten, verschlossenen und ggf. gekennzeichneten Behälters mit einem Medium, welches mindestens ein Polymer enthält, und ii) Trocknen des mit dem Medium behandelten Behälters, bereitgestellt.
Das Verfahren ist in einfacher Weise durchzuführen. Ein besonderer Vorteil besteht darin, daß sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren in einfacher und schnell durchzuführender Weise an alle gängigen Behälterformen und -großen anpassen läßt. Dadurch entstehen keine oder nur geringe Rüstzeiten, deswegen auch kürzere oder keine Maschinenstillstandszeiten, keine oder geringere Lagerkosten für Formatteile und es fallen insgesamt geringere Herstellungskosten pro Sicherheitsbehälter an.
Gemäß einer besonderen Ausführungsform wird ein Verfahren gemäss dem vorstehend genannten Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung bereitgestellt, dadurch charakterisiert, dass vor dem Behandeln der befüllte, verschlossene und ggf. gekennzeichnete Behälter mit einem Waschmedium (z.B. kann Wasser für Injektionszwecke (WFI) oder, falls WFI nicht erforderlich ist, auch Wasser einer geringeren Wasserqualität eingesetzt werden) behandelt wird, bereitgestellt.
Vorzugsweise werden die gewaschenen Behälter anschließend unter Luft- oder Stickstoffströmungen getrocknet. Üblicherweise erfolgt eine visuelle Prüfung auf vollständige Trocknung. Die weitgehende Trocknung ist Voraussetzung für eine anschließende mögliche Beschriftung bzw. Kennzeichnung. Sofern die Beschichtung vor dem Anbringen der Beschriftung erfolgt, stören geringe Restmengen WFI (= Wasser für Injektionszwecke) - Wasser nicht, sofern wasserlösliche Polymerlacke verwendet werden.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Verfahren nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass das Behandeln bei etwa Raumtemperatur (beispielweise 20°C - 25°C) erfolgt, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Verfahren nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass das Trocknen bei etwa Raumtemperatur (beispielweise 20°C - 25°C) erfolgt, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Verfahren nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die Beschichtung vollständig oder nahezu vollständig auf dem Behälter angebracht wird, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Sicherheitsbehälter nach einem der vorstehenden Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass der Behälter aus Glas, Kunststoff oder mit Kunststoff innen oder außen beschichtetem Glas gefertigt ist, bereitgestellt.
Geeignete Glasarten sind z.B. die Glastypen I - III. Glastyp I kann beispielsweise bei Flüssigprodukten und Glastyp III beispielsweise für Feststoffe verwendet werden. Die Beschaffenheit der Glasarten ist im USP (USP 26 - 2003; Kapitel 661 Containers; Seiten 2142 - 2145) und EP (EP 4. Ausgabe: Grundwerk 2002; Kapitel 3.2 Behältnisse; Seiten 331 - 335) beschrieben. Die Größe der eingesetzten Behälter kann innerhalb weiter Bereiche von sehr kleinen bis zu sehr großen Behältern variieren.
Geeignete Kunststoffe sind beispielsweise Polyethylen, Polypropylen, Polyvinylchlorid und Topas® (Cycloolefin-Copolymer der Firma Ticona). Die Anforderungen an Kunststoffbehälter werden im USP und EP beschrieben (USP 26 - 2003; Kapitel 661 Containers; Seiten 2142 - 2143; 2145 - 2148; EP 4. Ausgabe; Grundwerk 2002; Kapitel 3.2 Behältnisse; Seiten 331 ; 335 - 343). Die Größe der eingesetzten Behälter kann innerhalb weiter Bereiche von sehr kleinen bis zu sehr großen Behältern variieren.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Verfahren nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert,
dass es mindestens einen Verschluß umfaßt z.B. bestehend aus einem Gummistopfen und einer Bördelkappe, oder aus einem alternativen Verschlußsystem , bereitgestellt.
Weitere geeignete Verschlusssysteme können sein:
Gummistopfen und Bioset®; Gummischeibe und Bördelkappe; Verschlußsysteme der Fa. Becton & Dickinson; Zuschmelzen von Glas mit oder ohne Sollbruchstelle.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Verfahren nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die Kennzeichnung bzw. Bezeichnung eine gekennzeichnete bzw. bezeichnende Fläche, vorzugsweise ein beschriftetes Etikett (Label) aus Papier und/oder Kunststoff, ist, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Verfahren nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die biologisch aktive Substanz bei Raumtemperatur einen flüssigen, festen oder amorphen Aggregatzustand aufweist, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Verfahren nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die biologisch aktive Substanz eine cytotoxische Substanz ist, bereitgestellt.
Geeignete biologisch aktive Substanzen oder Materialien cytotoxische Substanzen sind solche wie bereits oben näher ausgeführt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Verfahren nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die cytotoxische Substanz aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Ifosfamid, Cyclophosphamid, Trofosfamid, Mafosfamid, S303, Mitoxantron, einem LHRH- Antagonisten wie z.B. D-63153, Mesna (z.B. als Protektivum), BNP7787 (z.B. als Protektivum) und Glufosfamid ausgewählt worden ist, bereitgestellt.
Geeignete cytotoxische Substanzen sind solche wie bereits oben näher ausgeführt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Verfahren nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die Behandlung durch Besprühen durchgeführt worden ist, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Verfahren nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass das Besprühen durch Einsatz von Scherkräften (z.B. Verwendung einer Düse) und/oder Einsatz von Fliehkräften (z.B. Verwendung einer Drehscheibe) durchgeführt worden ist, bereitgestellt wird.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Verfahren nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die Behandlung durch Eintauchen durchgeführt worden ist, bereitgestellt wird.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die Behandlung durch Aufbringen eines Pulvers (Powder) durchgeführt wird, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Verfahren nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass das mindestens ein Polymer enthaltende Medium aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Pulver, Dispersion, Emulsion, Suspension, Lösung und Mehrkomponentensysteme (z.B.. Zwei- oder Dreikomponentensysteme; die einzelnen Komponenten werden erst kurz vor dem Auftragen zusammengebracht) ausgewählt worden ist, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird ein Verfahren nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass das Polymer aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Polyurethan, Polyester und Polyester-Polyurethan-Mischungen ausgewählt worden ist, bereitgestellt wird.
Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung wird ein Sicherheitsbehälter für biologisch aktive Substanzen mit erhöhter bzw. hoher Bruch- und Splitterfestigkeit sowie kontaminationsfreier Außenfläche, herstellbar gemäß dem Verfahren nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung wird die Verwendung eines Mediums, welches mindestens ein Polymer enthält, zur Behandlung eines befüllten, verschlossenen und ggf. gekennzeichneten Behälters für biologisch aktive Substanzen, wobei der Behälter einen mit mindestens einer Öffnung versehenen Hohlkörper, je einen Verschluß pro Öffnung, eine Bezeichnung und mindestens eine in den Hohlkörper gefüllte biologisch aktive Substanz umfaßt und wobei durch die Behandlung mit dem Medium eine Beschichtung auf der Aussenseite des befüllten, verschlossenen und ggf. gekennzeichneten Behälters aufgebracht wird, bereitgestellt.
Die Beschichtung kann in einem einfachen oder in mehrfachen Arbeitsschritten erfolgen. Die mehrfache Beschichtung kann zeitgleich zu der ersten Beschichtung, nach Auftragen und vor dem Trocknen der ersten Schicht oder nach dem Auftragen und Trocknen der ersten Schicht erfolgen. Das eben Gesagte gilt entsprechend für das Auftragen einer dritten oder weiteren Schicht.
Für den Fall, dass mehrere Schichten aufgetragen werden, können die Eigenschaften der Schichten unterschiedlich sein, beispielsweise kann die Haftfähigkeit der zuerst aufgetragenen Schicht auf dem Behältermaterial besonders vorteilhaft sein und die zweite Schicht eine besonders vorteilhafte Abriebfestigkeit aufweisen. Der Fachmann wird die Eigenschaften der einzelnen Schichten so abstimmen, dass die Eigenschaften des erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitsbehälters besonders vorteilhaft sind.
Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung wird die Verwendung eines Mediums, welches mindestens ein Polymer enthält, zur Dekontaminierung der
Außenfläche und/oder Erhöhung der Bruch- und Splitterfestigkeit eines mit einer biologisch aktiven Substanz gefüllten, verschlossenen und ggf. gekennzeichneten Behälters für biologisch aktive Substanzen, wobei der Behälter einen mit mindestens einer Öffnung versehenen Hohlkörper, je einen Verschluß pro Öffnung, eine Bezeichnung und mindestens eine in den Hohlkörper gefüllte biologisch aktive Substanz umfaßt und wobei die Dekontaminierung durch Aufbringen einer Beschichtung auf der Aussenseite des befüllten, verschlossenen und ggf. gekennzeichneten Behälters erfolgt, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer besonderen Ausführungsform wird die Verwendung nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass vor dem Behandeln der befüllte, verschlossene und ggf. gekennzeichnete Behälter mit einem Waschmedium (in der Regel WFI Wasser) behandelt wird, bereitgestellt. Vorzugsweise werden die gewaschenen Behälter anschließend unter Luft- oder Stickstoffströmungen getrocknet. Üblicherweise erfolgt eine visuelle Prüfung auf vollständige Trocknung. Die weitgehende Trocknung ist Voraussetzung für eine anschließende mögliche Beschriftung. Sofern die Beschichtung vor dem Anbringen der Beschriftung erfolgt, stören geringe Restmengen WFI-Wasser nicht bei der Verwendung von wasserlöslichen Polymerlacken.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird die Verwendung nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass das Behandeln bei etwa Raumtemperatur (beispielsweise 20°C - 25°C) erfolgt, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird die Verwendung nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass das Trocknen bei etwa Raumtemperatur (beispielsweise 20°C - 25°C) erfolgt, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird die Verwendung nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch
charakterisiert, dass die Beschichtung vollständig oder nahezu vollständig auf dem Behälter angebracht wird, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird die Verwendung nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass der Behälter aus Glas, Kunststoff oder mit Kunststoff innen oder außen beschichtetem Glas gefertigt worden ist, bereitgestellt.Wie bereits vorstehend beschrieben sind geignete Materialien beispielsweise folgende Glassarten: Sowohl Hütten- als auch Röhrenglas in den Glasqualitäten I, II und III (nach USP = amerikanisches Arzneibuch und /oder EP = europäisches Arzneibuch).
Wie bereits vorstehend beschrieben sind geeignete Materialien folgende Kunstoffe: Topas®, welches der Markenname für Cycloolefin-Copolymere (amorphe Thermoplaste) von der Firma Ticona ist, Polypropylen, HD- und LD-Polyethylen, Polyvinylchlorid.
Folgende Behälterarten und -formen sind beispielsweise geeignet: Injektionsflasche zur Einfach- oder Mehrfachentnahme, Infusionsflasche oder Beutel, Ampulle, Karpule oder Spritzenformkörper.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird die Verwendung nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass sie mindestens einen Verschluß umfaßt, z.B. bestehend aus einem Gummistopfen und einer Bördelkappe oder aus einem alternativen Verschlußsystem, bereitgestellt.
Wie bereits vorstehend beschrieben sind beispielsweise weitere geeignete Verschlüsse: Adaptersysteme z.B. Bioset Luer, Bioset Infusion (Baxter).
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird die Verwendung nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die Kennzeichnung bzw. Bezeichnung eine bezeichnende Fläche, vorzugsweise ein beschriftetes Etikett (Label) aus Papier und/oder Kunststoff, ist, bereitgestellt.
Weitere geeignete Kennzeichnungen bzw. Bezeichnungen sind: Direktbedruckung z.B. im Siebdruckver-fahren. Der Labeldruck kann sowohl iri-line in der Etikettierungsmaschine (white line Technologie) als auch off-line bei dem Etikettenhersteller erfolgen.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird die Verwendung nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die biologisch aktive Substanz bei Raumtemperatur einen flüssigen, festen oder amorphen Aggregatzustand aufweist, bereitgestellt.
Weitere geeignete Formen der biologisch aktiven Substanz sind beispielsweise: Lyophilisat mit oder ohne Zusätze, Kristallisat mit oder ohne Zusätze, Injektionslösung, Pulver, Formkörper (Rods) zur Implantation (Poiymilchsäure)
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird die Verwendung nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die biologisch aktive Substanz eine cytotoxische Substanz ist, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird die Verwendung nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die cytotoxische Substanz aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Ifosfamid, Cyclophosphamid, Trofosfamid, Mafosfamid, S303, Mitoxantron, LHRH- Antagonisten, Mesna (z.B. als Protektivum), BNP7787 (z.B. als Protektivum) und Glufosfamid ausgewählt worden ist, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird die Verwendung nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die Behandlung durch Besprühen durchgeführt worden ist, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird die Verwendung nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte, und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass das Besprühen durch Einsatz von Scherkräften (z.B. Verwendung einer Düse)
und/oder Einsatz von Fliehkräften (z.B. Verwendung einer Drehscheibe) durchgeführt worden ist, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird die Verwendung nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die Behandlung durch Eintauchen durchgeführt worden ist, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird die Verwendung nach einem der vorstehenden Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass die Behandlung durch Aufbringen eines Pulvers (Powder) durchgeführt wird, bereitgestellt. Die Auftragung des Pulvers kann beispielsweise durch elektrostatisches Sprühen (electrostatic spraying) erfolgen.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird die Verwendung nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass das mindestens ein Polymer enthaltende Medium aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Pulver, Dispersion, Emulsion, Suspension und, Lösung und Mehrkomponentensysteme (z.B. Zwei- oder Dreikomponentensysteme; die einzelnen Komponenten werden erst kurz vor dem Auftragen zusammengebracht) ausgewählt worden ist, bereitgestellt.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird die Verwendung nach einem der vorstehend genannten Aspekte und Ausführungsformen, dadurch charakterisiert, dass mindestens ein Polymer, das in dem Medium enthalten ist, aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Polyurethan, Polyester und -Polyester- Polyurethan -Mischungen ausgewählt worden ist, bereitgestellt.
Weitere geeignete Polymere zum Beschichten sind: Polystyrole, Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Acryl-Copolymere, Polycarbonate, Poly(methyl)methsacrylate, Epoxyharze, Butadien-Copolymere, Polyolefine, Acrylharze, Methacrylharze, Ethylene-Vinylacetate-Copolymere, Vinyle, Vinylchloride, Polyvinylidenchloride (polyvinylidene Chloride), Polyamide, lonomere Polyamide, Acryl-nitrile, Acrylnitril-
Butadien-Styrol-Harze, und Mischungen davon.
Das Medium, das mindestens ein Polymer enthalt, kann Zusatzstoffe wie beispielsweise anorganische (Pigmente) oder organische Farbstoffe oder Lichtschutzfaktoren gegen sichtbares und/oder UV-Licht enthalten (dadurch zusätzlicher Lichtschutzeffekt). Weitere Additive können, allein oder in Kombination mit den vorgenannten Zusatzstoffen, in jeweils geeigneter Menge, Katalysatoren für die Polymerisation von Komponenten, Antischaummittel (Defoaming agents), Fließ- und Füllstoffe (flow and levelling agents), Rheologie-Modifizierungsmittel (rheology modifiers), Photostabilisatoren (photostabilizers) oder deren Kombinationen sein.
Detailierte Erläuterung der Erfindung
Die beschichteten Sicherheitsbehälter sollten vorzugsweise eine, einige oder alle der folgenden Eigenschaften/Kriterien erfüllen:
• Transparenz (tranparent appearence) und Blasenfreiheit (without causing bubbling): Die Transparenz wird durch eine visuelle Prüfung beurteilt. Eine Kontrolle des
Inhaltes muß möglich sein! Außerdem sollte die Beschichtung auf Blasenfreiheit untersucht werden. Luftblasen in der Beschichtung führen zu einer Verringerung der Schutzfunktion
• Glattheit (smooth) und Nichtklebrigkeit:
Durch eine haptische Prüfung kann kontrolliert werden, ob die Flasche nicht zu rauh ist und ob sie an der Hand bzw. Handschuh des Prüfers kleben bleibt. Die Beschichtung sollte ähnlich Glatt sein wie die Behälteroberfläche und darf später beim Handling nirgendwo festkleben.
Durchstoßfestigkeit bzw. Splitterschutz und Bruchfestigkeit: Mit einem sogenannten Falltest nach DIN 55441-2 (freier Fall) kann die Stoßfestigkeit des Sicherheitsbehälters überprüft werden. Besondere wichtige Kriterien sind die Bruchfestigkeit und der Splitterschutz
Gleitfähigkeit (wichtig für die weitere Verarbeitung)
Durch die Bestimmung der Haft- und Gleitreibungswerte nach DIN 53375 kann das Reibungsverhalten überprüft werden.
Unempfindlichkeit (Resistenz) gegenüber Temperaturschwankungen (resistant to temperature change) und üblichen Detergenzien
Stabilitätsprüfung nach ICH Q1 (International Conference of Harmonization, resistant to conventional detergent Systems - Stabilitätsprüfung,.
Die Beschichtung soll möglichst die Griffigkeit und das Griffgefühl beim Anfassen des Behälters unbeeinflußt lassen oder verbessern. Für den F ll, daß es dem Behälter haptisch nicht anzumerken ist, dass dieser mit der Beschichtung versehen worden ist, kann durch Anbringung eines entsprechenden Hinweises auf der Bezeichnung auf die Sicherheitseigenschaften des Behälters gleichwohl aufmerksam gemacht werden. Vorteil: bei einer Beschichtung ändert sich das Handling nicht.
Die Dicke der Beschichtung kann variieren in Abhängigkeit von der Form und dem Material des Behälters, der Art und Menge der Komponenten des aufzutragenen Mediums, der zu erzielenden Dekontaminierung und/oder Bruch- und Splitterfestigkeit. Die Dicke kann beispielsweise 50 - 150 μm betragen.
Die Wandstärke des Behälters kann durch die Beschichtung unter Beibehaltung der ursprünglichen Bruchfestigkeit reduziert werden. Hierdurch kann das Gewicht des beschichten Behälters gegenüber dem unbeschichteten Behälters vermindert werden. Vorzugsweise wird durch Beibehaltung der Wandstärke eine Erhöhung der Bruchfestigkeit angestrebt und erzielt.
Das aufzutragene Medium sollte einzelne oder alle der folgenden Kriterien erfüllen: Nicht oder nur schwer entflammbar, geruchslos („odourless"), keine Hautreaktionen hervorrufen („not irritate the skin"), frei von organischen Lösungsmitteln („solvent- free"), nicht systemisch toxisch bei Hautkontakt, alterungsbeständig.
Weiterhin soll die Außenseite der Beschichtung unter den weltweit üblichen örtlichen Temperaturbedingungen (von tropisch heiß bis antarktisch kalt) keine oder nahezu keine Klebeeigenschaften aufweisen, da dies die Handhabbarkeit beeinträchtigen könnte. Dies kann durch einen Trocknungsschritt (also Zufuhr von Wärme) oder eine durch UV-Licht gesteuerte gesonderte Härtungsverfahrensweise durchgeführt werden, die anstelle oder zusätzlich zum Trocknungsschritt mit entfeuchteter Luft erfolgt.
Für die Härtung durch Zufuhr von Wärme ist eine Beschichtung mit thermosetting- Eigenschaften günstig. Für eine Beschichtung mit thermoplastischen Eigenschaften ist der Zusatz von gesonderten Härtungskomponenten oder das Auftragen einer gesonderten zweiten Beschichtung mit thermosetting-Eigenschaften vorteilhaft.
Die folgenden Ausführungsbeispiele sollen die Erfindung erläutern ohne diese darauf zu beschränken.
Ausführungsbeispiel 1
Ansatzpunkt für die Lackierung sind die aus der Etikettierung kommenden vereinzelten Vials. Die Größe der Vials ist in Abhängigkeit von der abzufüllenden Wirkstoffmenge wahlweise 20H, 30H, 50H, 75H und 100H (gemäß DIN 58366; jeweils befüllt mit 50mg (Vialsgröße 20H oder 30H gemäß DIN 58366), 1g (Vialgröße 50H oder 75 H gemäß DIN 58366) und 2g (Vialgröße 100H gemäß DIN 58366) sterilkristallinem Cyclophosphamid. Die Glassorte der Vials ist wahlweise Glas I oder III. Ein Kettenförderer nimmt die Vials am Flaschenkopf auf (Aufnahme kann z.B. a.) pneumatisch über Sauger oder Greifer bzw. b.) mechanisch über einklemmen oder mechanisch gesteuerte Greifer erfolgen) und fördert sie in eine Spritzkabine, wo sie in einer sogenannten Omega-Schleife lackiert werden. Als mechanischer Schutz vor austretenden Lack (Overspray), durchlaufen die Vials vor und nach der Sprizkabine ein Labyrinth. In der Spritzkabine umrunden die Vials die Lackiereinheit fast vollständig. Der Weg der dabei zurückgelegt wird entspricht der Form des griechischen Buchstabens Omegas (Ω). Daher stammt auch der Begriff Omegaschleife. Der Kettenförderer wird z.B. über eine Maskierung vor dem Lack geschützt sein.
Der Lackauftrag erfolgt mittels einer rotierender Scheibe, einem sogenannten Scheibenzerstäuber. Der Lack tritt an der Unterseite in der Mitte aus und wandert durch die Fliehkräfte nach außen. Am Rand der Scheibe wird der Lack zerstäubt und fliegt weitgehend waagerecht weiter. Die Viskosität des Lackes muß so gewählt werden, dass der Lack weder in den Leitungen noch auf der Scheibe antrocknet. Beim Eintritt der Vials in die Omega-Schleife beginnt zusätztlich zur Vorwärtsbewegung eine Rotationsbewegung (Drehung um die eigene Achse). Durch diesen Vorgang und durch die oszilliernde Bewegung der Scheibe, wird eine vollständige Lackierung vom Boden bis zur Bördelkappe gewährleistet. Mit diesem Verfahren lässt sich der Lackauftrag sehr gezielt durchführen (scharfe Lackkante, geringe Streuung)). Ein weiterer Vorteil dieser Methode ist der gut zu steuernde, sich langsam aufbauende Lackauftrag (homogene, gut kontrollierbare Lackschicht). Der Lackfilm kann sowohl über die Rotationgeschwindigkeit der Scheibe oder über die Anpassung der zu zerstäubenden Lackmenge pro Zeiteinheit als auch über die Durchlaufgeschwindigkeit durch die Omegaschleife reguliert werden. In der Spritzkabine herrscht Unterdruck um ein Austreten von Lack in die Umgebung zu
verhindern. Durch Anlegen von Hochspannung an den Lack und erzeugen von Erdpotenzial am Vial wird der Lackiervorgang verbessert und Overspray reduziert.
Geschwindigkeit: max. ca. 7.000 Flaschen/h Abstand: min. 30 mm zwischen den Flaschenwänden
81 mm zwischen den Flaschenaufnahmen
Fördergeschw.: 9,45 m/min
0 AlphaDisk: ca. 150 mm (mit integrierter Spülfunktion)
Rotationsgeschwindigkeit: 15.000-25.000 min -"1
Lackierabstand: ca. 190 mm
0 Omega-Schleife: ca. 572 mm
Abstand Werkstück Kabinenwand: ca. 300 mm
Luftsinkgeschw.: min. 0,3 m/sec.
Hochspannung: 0 - 100 kV
0 - 500 μA
Folgender Lack hat sich bei einer 4%igen Verdünnung des nachfolgend beschriebenen Lackes als geeignet erwiesen:
Hydro-Abziehlack 3995.10 der Firma Hemmelrath, Klingenberg, Deutschland. Der Hauptbestandteil des Lacksystems ist eine wasserverdünnbare, lösemittelfreie Polyurethandispersion. Zusätzliche Lackbestandteile sind Additive, die der Entschäumung, den Theologischen Eigenschaften sowie der Haftfestigkeit dienen. In Lieferform (unverdünnt) beträgt der Festkörpergehalt 40%, daraus folgt, die restlichen 60% sind Wasser. 1 ,5 % Olsäureacrosid ist die einzige Komponente, die als gefährlicher Inhaltsstoff im Sicherheitsdaten aufgeführt wird. Der Lack besitzt folgende Eigenschaften:FIammpunkt: 100°C
Viskosität: thixotropes Fliessverhalten; ca. 8 d Pa*s nach Rühren
Dichte bei 20°C: 1 ,09 g/m3 l vΛv/ d-capsoe πrrγπι iicbcπnnud-rr Siedepunkt: 100°C
Dampfdruck bei 20°C: 24mbar
PH-Wert: 8,0-9,5
Viskosität bei einer 4%igen Verdünnung mit Wasser: ca. 6 d Pa*s (deziPascalsekunde) nach Aufrühren und Durchmischen
Nach dem Lackiervorgang werden die rotierenden Vials in einen Trockner überführt, der mit entfeuchteter Luft bis max. 25°C arbeitet. Der Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Trocknungsluft wird durch Ausfrieren von Wasser deutlich reduziert, so dass die Wasseraufnahmekapazität entsprechend dem Mollier-Diagramm vergrössert wird. Trocknervarianten sind ein Trockenturm (spiralförmiger Förderweg = platzsparend) oder ein Trockner, den die Vials in Schlangenlinien (bessere Zugänglichkeit) durchlaufen. Die Strömunggeschwindigkeit im Trockner wird derart gewählt, dass eine optimale Trocknung innerhalb minimaler Zeit gewährleistet wird. Eine Kondensation von Feuchtigkeit im Trockner ist durch geeignete Wahl der Luftfeuchte und der Luftströmungsgeschwindigkeit zu vermeiden. Nach der Trocknung erfolgt die Übergabe zum Kartonierer (Schnittstelle zur herkömmlichen Fertigung).
Ausführungsbeispiel 1a:
Wie Ausführungsbeispiel 1 mit dem Unterschied, daß nicht etikettierte Vials lackiert werden. Die Etikettierung erfolgt nach der Trocknung und vor der Übergabe zum Kartonierer.
Ausführungsbeispiel 2:
Ausgangspunkt für die Lackierung sind die aus der Etikettierung kommenden
Vereinzeiten Vials, wobei hier alternativ die Lackierung der Vials über eine Spritzspistole erfolgt. Die Größe der Vials ist in Abhängigkeit von der abzufüllenden Wirkstoffmenge wahlweise 20H, 30H, 50H, 75H und 100H gemäß DIN 58366; jeweils befüllt mit 50mg (Vialsgröße 20H oder 30H gemäß DIN 58366), 1g (Vialgröße 50H oder 75H gemäß DIN 58366) und 2g (Vialgröße 100H gemäß DIN 58366) sterilkristallinem Cyclophosphamid. Die Glassorte der Vials ist wahlweise Glassorte I oder III.
Verwendet wird der Lack gemäß Ausführungsbeispiel 1 , wobei diessen Viskosität gegebenenfalls auf den Einsatz in einer Spritzpistole passend eingestellt werden kann. Auch bei dieser Methode wird eine Spritzkabine im Unterdruck benötigt (mit
Labyrinth). Die Vials werden beim Lackiervorgang gedreht. Möglich ist ein getakteter 'Lackierprozeß beim dem die Vials vor der Spritzpistole stehen bleiben und durch eine Hubbewegung der Pistole vom Boden bis zur Bördelkappe lackiert werden. Alternativ dazu kann die Spritzpistole zusätzlich zu Vertikalbewegung eine Horizontalbewegung ausführen und die Vials beim Durchlauf durch die Kabine begleiten (Vorteil: kontinuierliche Produktion; Nachteil: größere Kabine). Die Zerstäubung des Lackes erfolgt pneumatisch. Der Druck und die Form der Düse sollten so gewählt werden, dass die Düse nicht verstopfen kann, ein gleichmäßiger Produkttransport gewährleistet wird und eine gleichmäßige Lackschichtdicke ermöglicht wird. Des weiteren sollte der Druck den Anforderungen des Sprühbildes entsprechen. Der Lackierprozeß kann durch Anlegen von Hochspannung am Lack und durch Erdpotenzial am Vial optimiert werden. Bei diesem Verfahren entsteht mehr Overspray. Die Randabgrenzung des Auftragesist weniger genau als die im Ausführungsbeispiel 1. Bei komplizierten Formen bietet die Spritzpistole im Vergleich zur Scheibe mehr Flexibilität.
Nach dem Lackiervorgang werden die rotierenden Vials in einen Trockner überführt, der mit entfeuchteter Luft bis max. 25°C arbeitet. Der Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Trocknungsluft wird durch Ausfrieren von Wasser deutlich reduziert, so dass die Wasseraufnahmekapazität entsprechend dem Mollier-Diagramm vergrössert wird. Trocknervarianten sind ein Trockenturm (spiralförmiger Förderweg = platzsparend) oder ein Trockner, den die Vials in Schlangenlinien (bessere Zugänglichkeit) durchlaufen. Die Strömunggeschwindigkeit im Trockner wird derart gewählt, dass eine optimale Trocknung innerhalb minimaler Zeit gewährleistet wird. Eine Kondensation von Feuchtigkeit im Trockner ist durch geeignete Wahl der Luftfeuchte und der Luftströmungsgeschwindigkeit zu vermeiden.
Nach der Trocknung erfolgt die Übergabe zum Kartonierer (Schnittstelle zur herkömmlichen Fertigung).
Ausführungsbeispiel 2a: Wie Ausführungsbeispiel 2 mit dem Unterschied, daß nicht etikettierte Vials lackiert werden. Die Etikettierung erfolgt nach der Trocknung und vor der Übergabe zum Kartonierer.
Ausführungsbeispiel 3
Ausgangspunkt für die Lackierung sind die aus der Etikettierung kommenden vereinzelten Vials, wobei die Beschichtung in einem Tauchbad erfolgt. Die Größe der Vials ist in Abhängigkeit von der abzufüllenden Wirkstoffmenge wahlweise 20H, 30H, 50H, 75H und 100H gemäß DIN 58366; jeweils befüllt mit 50mg (Vialsgröße 20H oder 30H gemäß DIN 58366), 1g (Vialgröße 50H oder 75 H gemäß DIN 58366) und 2g (Vialgröße 100H gemäß DIN 58366) sterilkristallinem Cyclophosphamid. Die Glassorte der Vials ist wahlweise Glas I oder III. Verwendet wird der Lack gemäß Ausführungsbeispiel 1 , wobei diessen Viskosität gegebenenfalls auf den Einsatz in einem Tauchbad passend eingestellt werden kann. Die am Kopf aufgenommenen Vials durchlaufen ein Tauchbad, welches auf die zu verarbeitende Vialgröße abgestimmt ist. Durch Rotation um die eigene Achse wird eine vollständige Benetzung erzielt. Nach dem Verlassen des Tauchbades rotieren die Vials weiter, um ein gleichmäßiges Ablaufen der überschüßigen Lackmenge zu gewährleisten. Desweiteren werden die Vials während der Abtropfzeit leicht schräg gestellt, damit der überschüßige Lack über den dadurch entstehenden eindeutig tiefsten Punkt besser ablaufen kann.
Bei dieser Methode erfolgt die Dosierung der Lackauftragmenge durch Einstellung der Viskosität. Durch das Ablaufen des Lackes wird eine unterschiedliche Schichtdickenverteilung erreicht (tiefster Punkt = größte Schichtstärke).
Nach dem Lackiervorgang werden die rotierenden Vials in einen Trockner überführt, der mit entfeuchteter Luft bis max. 25°C arbeitet. Der Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Trocknungsluft wird durch Ausfrieren von Wasser deutlich reduziert, so dass die Wasseraufnahmekapazität entsprechend dem Mollier-Diagramm vergrössert wird. Trocknervarianten sind ein Trockenturm (spiralförmiger Förderweg = platzsparend) oder ein Trockner, den die Vials in Schlangenlinien (bessere Zugänglichkeit) durchlaufen. Die Strömunggeschwindigkeit im Trockner wird derart gewählt, dass eine optimale Trocknung innerhalb minimaler Zeit gewährleistet wird. Eine Kondensation von Feuchtigkeit im Trockner ist durch geeignete Wahl der Luftfeuchte und der Luftströmungsgeschwindigkeit zu vermeiden.
Nach der Trocknung erfolgt die Übergabe zum Kartonierer (Schnittstelle zur herkömmlichen Fertigung).
Ausführungsbeispiel 3a:
Wie Ausführungsbeispiel 3 mit dem Unterschied, daß nicht etikettierte Vials lackiert werden. Die Etikettierung erfolgt nach der Trocknung und vor der Übergabe zum Kartonierer.
Ausführungsbeispiele 4-9:
In analoger Ausführung zu den Ausführungsbeispielen 1-3, 1 a, 2a, 3a kann anstelle des in den Ausführungsbeispielen 1-3 und 1a, 2a, 3a genannten Lackes auch der folgende Lack eingesetzt werden:
Celerol-Flüssigfolie 362-72 0900 weiß lasierend von der Firma Mankiwiecz (Hamburg, Deutschland). Das Lacksystem besteht aus einer wasserverdünnbaren Polyesterpolyurethan - Dispersion. Zusätzliche Lackbestandteile sind Additive, die der Entschäumung, den rheologischen Eigenschaften sowie der Haftfestigkeit dienen. Der Festkörpergehalt beträgt ca. 45%. Der Rest ist Wasser.
Viskosität: thixotropes Fliessverhalten
Dichte bei 20°C: 1 g/m3
Wassermischbar
Siedepunkt: 120°C
Dampfdruck bei 50°C: 100hPa
Ausführungsbeispiele 10-25:
In analoger Ausführung zu den Ausführungsbeispielen 1-9, 1a, 2a, 3a können anstelle der dort genannten sogenannten Hüttenglasflaschen gemäß DIN 58366 auch Röhrenglasflaschen gemäß DIN ISO 8362-1 eingesetzt werden.
Tabelle 1a: Untersuchungen zur Dekontaminierung der Außenfläche des erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitsbehälters aus Glas: (i) vor dem Waschen, (ii) nach dem Waschen = vor dem Beschichten und (iii) nach dem Beschichten (= erfindungsgemäßer Sicherheitsbehälter)
Die Vials der Größe 20H (= 20ml), 30H (= 30ml), 50H (= 50ml), 75H (= 75ml) und 100H (= 100ml) Geweils aus Glassorte l und III) werden mit einer entsprechenden Menge an sterilkristallinem Cyclophosphamid (50mg für Vials 20H und 30H, 1g für Vials 50H und 75H und 2g für Vials 100H) befüllt und verschlossen mit Stopfen und Bördelkappe. Anschließend mit Waschlösung gewaschen. Dann erfindungsgemäß beschichtet (gemäß Ausführungsbeispiel 1 und 4).
Tabelle 1 a (Forts.):
1 ) Analytische Methode zur Rückstandsbestimmung: GC-MS; Nachweisgrenze 10 ng
Tabelle 1 b: Untersuchungen zur Dekontaminierung der Außenfläche des erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitsbehälters aus Kunststoff: (i) vor dem Waschen, (ii) nach dem Waschen = vor dem Beschichten und (iii) nach dem Beschichten (= erfindungsgemäßer Sicherheitsbehälter)
Die Vials der Größe 20H, 30H, 50H, 75H und 100H Qeweils aus Kunststoff) werden mit einer entsprechenden Menge an sterilkristallinem Cyclophosphamid (50mg für Vials 20H und 30H, 1g für Vials 50H und 75H und 2g für Vials 100H) befüllt und verschlossen mit Stopfen und Bördelkappe. Anschließend mit Waschlösung gewaschen. Dann erfindungsgemäß beschichtet (gemäß Ausführungsbeispiel 1 und 4).
Tabelle 1 b (Forts.):
1) Analytische Methode zur Rückstandsbestimmung: GC-MS; Nachweisgrenze 10 ng
Tabelle 2: Vergleichsversuche zur Bruchfestigkeit herkömmlicher Behälter (ohne Beschichtung) und dem erfindungsgemäßen Behälter (mit Beschichtung). Bruchfestigkeit: - Fallstudie mit jeweils 10 beschichteten und unbeschichteten Vials der Größen 20H, 30H, 50H, 75H und 100H der Glasarten I und III (jeweils mit Stopfen und verbördelt, aber aus Sicherheitsgründen nicht befüllt) (freier Fall aus ca.1 ,5 m Höhe auf Steinuntergrund). Die erfindungsgemäße Beschichtung erfolgte gemäß Ausführungsbeispiel 1 und 4.
(1 ) Bruchdefekte bedeutet: gebrochene Vials, wodurch eine unkontrollierte Freisetzung des Vial-Inhaltes in die Umgebung auftreten könnte
Tabelle 3: Vergleichsversuche zur Splitterfestigkeit herkömmlicher Behälter (ohne
Beschichtung) und erfindungsgemäßer Behälter (mit Beschichtung). Splitterfestigkeit: - Fallstudie mit beschichteten und unbeschichteten Vials Freier Fall aus ca. 2 m Höhe auf Steinuntergrund.
Fallstudie mit jeweils 10 beschichteten und unbeschichteten Vials der Größen 20H, 30H, 50H, 75H und 100H der Glasarten I und III (jeweils mit Stopfen und verbördelt, aber aus Sicherheitsgründen nicht befüllt) (freier Fall aus ca.1 ,5 m Höhe auf Steinuntergrund). Die erfindungsgemäße Beschichtung erfolgte gemäß Ausführungsbeispiel 1 und 4.
(1 ) intakter Polymerüberzug: es kann keine unkonrollierte Freisetzung des Vial-Inhaltsstoffes in die Umgebung erfolgen
Erläuterungen der Zeichnungen:
Fig. 1: Hüttenglasflasche (3) verschlossen mit Gummistopfen (2) und Flip-Off Bördelkappe (z.B. aus Aluminium mit Plastikkappe) (1): unbeschichtet (A); mit Ausnahme der Bördelkappe (1) eine Beschichtung (4) aufweisend (= teilweise beschichtet) (B); mit Ausnahme der Bördelkappe (1) eine Beschichtung (4) aufweisend, wobei im Bereich des Halses der Hüttenglasflache in der Nähe der Bördelkappe (1) die Beschichtung (4) graduell abnimmt (C).
Fig. 2: Unbeschichtete (A) und teilweise beschichtete (= Bördelkappe unbeschichtet) (C) Hüttenglasflasche 100H gemäß DIN 58366. Fig. 3: Ergebnis des Fallversuchs zur Bruch- und Splitterfestigkerit mit der unbeschichteten (A) und teilweise beschichteten (= Bördelkappe unbeschichtet) (C) Hüttenglasflasche 100H gemäß DIN 58366.
Fig. 4: Schematische Darstellung einer Aufsicht von oben auf die sog. Omega- Schleife (3) mit zusätzlicher Seitenansicht des Scheibenzerstäubers (Sprüh-Disk) (2 ) und eines Behälters (1 ): Die Behälter (1), ggf. jeweils um ihre eignene Achse wahlweise im (→) oder entgegen (<—) des Uhrzeigersinns rotierend , laufen auf einem Band (5) um die sich wahlweise im (→) oder entgegen (<— ) des Uhrzeigersinns rotierende Sprüh-Disk (2) herum, wobei das Polymer-haltige Medium der rotierenden Scheibe (2a) zentrisch zugeführt wird und die Scheibe (2a) zentrifugal verläßt und dadurch ein sternförmiger, weitgehend in einer Ebene liegender Sprühbereich (4) entsteht. Durch Heben und Senken (X) der Sprüh-Disk (2) k ann die Ebene des Sprühbereichs (4) in Abhängigkeit von der Größe und Höhe der Behälter (1) verändert werden. Fig. 5: A: Übernahme des Behälters hinter der Etikettierung:
Ein Greifer, der nach dem Prinzip des Druckminenbleistiftes aufgebaut ist, greift die Behälter aus dem Stern heraus. Die Mechanik des Greifers ist vorzugsweise vor Overspray zu schützen. B: Übernahme der Behälter hinter der Beschichtung: Der Greifer drückt die Behälter in einen Bügel aus rundem Federstahl und gibt sie dann frei. C: Abstreifen der Behälter hinter der Trocknung:
Claims
1. Befüllter, verschlossener und ggf. gekennzeichneter Sicherheitsbehälter für biologisch aktive Substanzen mit erhöhter bzw. hoher Bruch- und Splitterfestigkeit sowie kontaminationsfreier Außenfläche, wobei der Behälter einen Hohlkörper mit mindestens einer Öffnung, je einen Verschluß pro Öffnung, ggf. eine Kennzeichnung, und mindestens eine in den Hohlkörper gefüllte biologisch aktive Substanz umfaßt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf dem befüllten, verschlossenen und ggf. gekennzeichneten Behälter ganz oder teilweise eine
Beschichtung aufgebracht worden ist.
2. Sicherheitsbehälter nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er vor oder nach dem Aufbringen der Beschichtung mit einer Kennzeichnung versehen worden ist.
3. Sicherheitsbehälter nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vor dem Anbringen der Beschichtung der befüllte, verschlossene und ggf. gekennzeichnete Behälter mit einem Waschmedium behandelt worden ist.
4. Sicherheitsbehälter nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beschichtung bei Raumtemperatur erfolgt.
5. Sicherheitsbehälter nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beschichtung vollständig oder nahezu vollständig auf dem Behälter angebracht worden ist.
6. Sicherheitsbehälter gemäss einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Behälter aus Glas und/oder Kunststoff gefertigt ist.
7. Sicherheitsbehälter gemäss einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Verschluß einen Gummistopfen und eine Bördelkappe umfaßt.
8. Sicherheitsbehälter gemäss einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bezeichnung eine bezeichnende Fläche, vorzugsweise ein beschriftetes Etikett (Label) aus Papier und/oder Kunststoff ist.
9. Sicherheitsbehälter gemäss einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die biologisch aktive Substanz bei Raumtemperatur einen flüssigen, festen oder amorphen Aggregatzustand aufweist.
10. Sicherheitsbehälter gemäss einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die biologisch aktive Substanz eine cytotoxische Substanz ist.
11.Sicherheitsbehälter gemäss einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die cytotoxische Substanz aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Ifosfamid, Cyclophosphamid, Trofosfamid, Mafosfamid, S303, Mitoxantron, LHRH-Antagonisten und Glufosfamid ausgewählt worden ist.
12.Sicherheitsbehälter gemäss einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beschichtung durch die Schritte i) Behandeln des befüllten, verschlossenen und ggf. gekennzeichneten Behälter mit einem Medium, welches mindestens ein Polymer enthält, und ii) anschließend Trocknen des mit dem Medium behandelten Behälters angebracht worden ist.
13. Sicherheitsbehälter gemäss einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Behandlung durch Besprühen durchgeführt worden ist.
14,Sicherheitsbehälter gemäss einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dad urch gekennzeichnet, dass das Besprühen durch Einsatz von Scherkräften (z.B. Verwendung einer Düse) und/oder Einsatz von Fliehkräften (z.B. Verwendung einer Drehscheibe) durchgeführt worden ist.
15. Sicherheitsbehälter gemäss einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Behandlung durch Eintauchen durchgeführt worden ist.
16. Sicherheitsbehälter gemäss einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Behandlung durch Aufbringen eines Pulvers (Powder) durchgeführt worden ist.
17. Sicherheitsbehälter gemäss einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens ein Polymer enthaltende Medium aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Pulver, Dispersion, Emulsion, Suspension und Lösung ausgewählt worden ist.
18. Sicherheitsbehälter gemäss einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Polymer, das in dem Medium enthalten ist, aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Polyurethan, Polyester und -Polyester- Polyurethan -Mischungen ausgewählt worden ist.
19. Verfahren zur Herstellung von befüllten, verschlossenen und ggf. gekennzeichneten Sicherheitsbehältern für biologisch aktive Substanzen mit erhöhter bzw. hoher Bruch- und Splitterfestigkeit sowie kontaminationsfreier Außenfläche, wobei der Behälter einen Hohlkörper mit mindestens einer Öffnung, je einen Verschluß pro Öffnung, ggf. eine Kennzeichnung, und mindestens eine in den Hohlkörper gefüllte biologisch aktive Substanz umfaßt und wobei an der Außenseite des befüllten, verschlossenen und ggf. gekennzeichneten Behälters ganz oder teilweise eine Beschichtung angebracht worden ist, gekennzeichnet durch die Schritte i) Behandeln des befüllten, verschlossenen und ggf. gekennzeichneten Behälters mit einem Medium, welches mindestens ein Polymer enthält, und ii) Trocknen des mit dem Medium behandelten Behälters.
20. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Sicherheitsbehälter vor oder nach dem Aufbringen der Beschichtung mit einer Kennzeichnung versehen wird.
21. Verfahren gemäss einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vor dem Behandeln der befüllte, verschlossene und ggf. gekennzeichnete Behälter mit einem Waschmedium behandelt wird.
22. Verfahren gemäss einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Behandeln bei etwa Raumtemperatur erfolgt.
23. Verfahren gemäss einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Trocknen bei etwa Raumtemperatur erfolgt.
24. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beschichtung vollständig oder nahezu vollständig auf dem Behälter angebracht wird.
25. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Behälter aus Glas und/oder Kunststoff gefertigt worden ist.
26. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Verschluß einen Gummistopfen und eine Bördelkappe umfaßt.
27. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bezeichnung eine bezeichnende Fläche, vorzugsweise ein beschriftetes Etikett (Label) aus Papier und/oder Kunststoff ist.
28. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die biologisch aktive Substanz bei Raumtemperatur einen flüssigen, festen oder amorphen Aggregatzustand aufweist.
29. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die biologisch aktive Substanz eine cytotoxische Substanz ist.
30. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die cytotoxische Substanz aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Ifosfamid, Cyclophosphamid, Trofosfamid, Mafosfamid, S303, Mitoxantron, LHRH-Antagonisten und Glufosfamid ausgewählt worden ist.
31. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Behandlung durch Besprühen durchgeführt worden ist.
32. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Besprühen durch Einsatz von Scherkräften (z.B. Verwendung einer Düse) und/oder Einsatz von Fliehkräften (z.B. Verwendung einer Drehscheibe) durchgeführt worden ist.
33. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Behandlung durch Eintauchen durchgeführt worden ist.
34. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Behandlung durch Aufbringen eines Pulvers
(Powder) durchgeführt wird.
35. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens ein Polymer enthaltende Medium aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Pulver, Dispersion, Emulsion, Suspension und Lösung ausgewählt worden ist.
36. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Polymer, das in dem Medium enthalten ist, aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Polyurethan, Polyester und -Polyester- Polyurethan -Mischungen ausgewählt worden ist.
37. Sicherheitsbehälter für biologisch aktive Substanzen mit erhöhter bzw. hoher Bruch- und Splitterfestigkeit sowie kontaminationsfreier Außenfläche, herstellbar gemäß dem Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche.
38.Sicherheitsbehälter für biologisch aktive Substanzen mit erhöhter bzw. hoher Bruch- und Splitterfestigkeit sowie kontaminationsfreier Außenfläche, hergestellt gemäß dem Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche.
39. Verwendung eines Mediums, welches mindestens ein Polymer enthält, zur Behandlung eines befüllten, verschlossenen und ggf. gekennzeichneten Behälters für biologisch aktive Substanzen, wobei der Behälter einen mit mindestens einer Öffnung versehenen Hohlkörper, je einen Verschluß pro Öffnung, eine Bezeichnung und mindestens eine in den Hohlkörper gefüllte biologisch aktive Substanz umfaßt und wobei durch die Behandlung mit dem Medium eine Beschichtung auf der Aussenseite des befüllten, verschlossenen und ggf. gekennzeichneten Behälters aufgebracht wird.
40Λ/erwendung eines Mediums, welches mindestens ein Polymer enthält, zur Dekontaminierung der Außenfläche sowie Erhöhung der Bruch- und Splitterfestigkeit eines mit einer biologisch aktiven Substanz gefüllten, verschlossenen und ggf. gekennzeichneten Behälters für biologisch aktive Substanzen, wobei der Behälter einen mit mindestens einer Öffnung versehenen Hohlkörper, je einen Verschluß pro Öffnung, eine Bezeichnung und mindestens eine in den Hohlkörper gefüllte biologisch aktive Substanz umfaßt und wobei die Dekontaminierung durch Aufbringen einer Beschichtung auf der Aussenseite des befüllten, verschlossenen und ggf. gekennzeichneten Behälters erfolgt.
41. Verwendung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vor dem Behandeln der befüllte, verschlossene und ggf. gekennzeichnete Behälter mit einem Waschmedium behandelt wird.
42. Verwendung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dad urch gekennzeichnet, dass das Behandeln bei etwa Raumtemperatur erfolgt.
43. Verwendung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dad urch gekennzeichnet, dass das Trocknen bei etwa Raumtemperatur erfolgt.
44. Verwendung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beschichtung vollständig oder nahezu vollständig auf dem Behälter angebracht wird.
45. Verwendung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Behälter aus Glas und/oder Kunststoff gefertigt worden ist.
46. Verwendung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Verschluß einen Gummistopfen und eine
Bördelkappe umfaßt.
47. Verwendung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bezeichnung eine bezeichnende Fläche, vorzugsweise ein beschriftetes Etikett (Label) aus Papier und/oder Kunststoff ist.
48. Verwendung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die biologisch aktive Substanz bei Raumtemperatur einen flüssigen, festen oder amorphen Aggregatzustand aufweist.
49. Verwendung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dad urch gekennzeichnet, dass die biologisch aktive . Substanz eine cytotoxische Substanz ist.
50. Verwendung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die cytotoxische Substanz aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Ifosfamid, Cyclophosphamid, Trofosfamid, Mafosfamid, S303, Mitoxantron, LHRH-Antagonisten und Glufosfamid ausgewählt worden ist.
51. Verwendung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Behandlung durch Besprühen durchgeführt worden ist.
52. Verwendung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Besprühen durch Einsatz von Scherkräften (z.B. Verwendung einer Düse) und/oder Einsatz von Fliehkräften (z.B. Verwendung einer Drehscheibe) durchgeführt worden ist.
53. Verwendung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Behandlung durch Eintauchen durchgeführt worden ist.
54. Verwendung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Behandlung durch Aufbringen eines Pulvers (Powder) durchgeführt wird.
55. Verwendung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens ein Polymer enthaltende Medium aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Pulver, Dispersion, Emulsion, Suspension und Lösung ausgewählt worden ist.
56. Verwendung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dad urch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Polymer, das in dem Medium enthalten ist, aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Polyurethan, Polyester und -Polyester- Polyurethan -Mischungen ausgewählt worden ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US43882203P | 2003-01-09 | 2003-01-09 | |
| DE10300323A DE10300323A1 (de) | 2003-01-09 | 2003-01-09 | Sicherheitsbehälter mit erhöhter Bruch und Splitterfestigkeit sowie kontaminationsfreier Außenfläche für biologisch aktive Substanzen und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
| DE10300323 | 2003-01-09 | ||
| US438822P | 2003-01-09 | ||
| PCT/EP2004/000098 WO2004063036A1 (de) | 2003-01-09 | 2004-01-09 | Sicherheitsbehälter für biologisch aktive substanzen und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1585679A1 true EP1585679A1 (de) | 2005-10-19 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP04700982A Withdrawn EP1585679A1 (de) | 2003-01-09 | 2004-01-09 | Sicherheitsbeh lter f r biologisch aktive substanzen un d verfahren zu deren herstellung |
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| EP (1) | EP1585679A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2006516235A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2004203918A1 (de) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0406668A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2512788A1 (de) |
| MX (1) | MXPA05007383A (de) |
| NO (1) | NO20053708L (de) |
| PL (1) | PL377761A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2004063036A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115010823A (zh) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-09-06 | 佳木斯大学 | 一种调节肠道菌群的车前子多糖及其制备方法与应用 |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004063764A1 (de) * | 2004-12-29 | 2006-07-13 | Hexal Ag | Kunststoff-Flasche für Oxaliplatin |
| JP2010236926A (ja) * | 2009-03-30 | 2010-10-21 | Sysmex Corp | 臨床検査用試薬収容容器 |
| AR075721A1 (es) * | 2010-03-05 | 2011-04-20 | Eriochem Sa | Composicion farmaceutica que comprende una solucion de acido zoledronico. |
| EP3219305A1 (de) | 2016-03-16 | 2017-09-20 | Apostolos Georgopoulos | Fosfomycin-formulierung zur parenteralen verabreichung |
| CN114096267B (zh) * | 2019-05-22 | 2025-03-18 | 柏欧韦股份有限公司 | 特利加压素制剂 |
| CN110295113B (zh) * | 2019-07-30 | 2022-05-13 | 威海长青海洋科技股份有限公司 | 一种海洋产蛋白酶芽孢杆菌稳定性保护剂 |
| CN113005176A (zh) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-22 | 深圳市帝迈生物技术有限公司 | 稳定剂、凝血酶原时间检测试剂及其制备方法、试剂盒 |
| US11478521B2 (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2022-10-25 | Cannacraft, Inc. | Methods for preparation of cannabis oil extracts and compositions |
| CN112646746B (zh) * | 2021-01-04 | 2022-02-25 | 济南大学 | 一株高效降解驴毛的坚强芽孢杆菌 |
| CN115011587B (zh) * | 2022-07-03 | 2023-04-25 | 北京建筑大学 | 降解土壤中复合多环芳烃的固载型粗酶及其制备方法 |
| CN117631135B (zh) * | 2024-01-25 | 2024-04-09 | 四川大学 | 一种双功能柔性水凝胶光纤及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN118164724B (zh) * | 2024-03-18 | 2025-11-11 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种水泥-改性活性炭复合胶凝材料在吸附海水中的氯离子中的应用 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB890984A (en) * | 1959-09-25 | 1962-03-07 | Anchor Serum Company | Improvements in or relating to packages |
| US3912100A (en) * | 1973-06-21 | 1975-10-14 | Owens Illinois Inc | Coated glass container and method of making same |
| DE2510734B2 (de) * | 1975-03-12 | 1979-06-21 | Chemische Werke Huels Ag, 4370 Marl | Verfahren zum Beschichten von Glasflaschen mit einer transparenten Schutzschicht |
| GB2103956A (en) * | 1981-08-14 | 1983-03-02 | Poulton Ltd John | Safety coated bottle |
-
2004
- 2004-01-09 MX MXPA05007383A patent/MXPA05007383A/es unknown
- 2004-01-09 AU AU2004203918A patent/AU2004203918A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-01-09 JP JP2006500539A patent/JP2006516235A/ja active Pending
- 2004-01-09 WO PCT/EP2004/000098 patent/WO2004063036A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2004-01-09 BR BR0406668-5A patent/BRPI0406668A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-01-09 EP EP04700982A patent/EP1585679A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-01-09 CA CA002512788A patent/CA2512788A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-01-09 PL PL377761A patent/PL377761A1/pl unknown
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2005
- 2005-07-29 NO NO20053708A patent/NO20053708L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2004063036A1 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115010823A (zh) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-09-06 | 佳木斯大学 | 一种调节肠道菌群的车前子多糖及其制备方法与应用 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2004063036A1 (de) | 2004-07-29 |
| AU2004203918A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
| NO20053708L (no) | 2005-10-03 |
| PL377761A1 (pl) | 2006-02-20 |
| NO20053708D0 (no) | 2005-07-29 |
| JP2006516235A (ja) | 2006-06-29 |
| AU2004203918A2 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
| CA2512788A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
| BRPI0406668A (pt) | 2005-12-20 |
| MXPA05007383A (es) | 2005-09-12 |
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