Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
  • A01G25/06—Watering arrangements making use of perforated pipe-lines located in the soil

Definitions

• the invention relates to an apparatus in different shapes and sizes for localized underground irrigation of fruit and forest trees and shrubs as well as for vegetable crops and ornamental plants placed in pots, containers, vases and tubs or in the open field and in greenhouses.
• the present invention in its various forms allows:
• This screen also prevents capillary action of the water from this substrate towards the surface layers or it will be lost by drying of these layers by the ambient air.
• irrigation by buried diffuser allows a better diffusion of pollen resulting in a very high fertilization rate, thanks to the reduction of the humidity rate inside the greenhouse shelter.
• irrigation by diffuser in these greenhouses allows a reduction of the diseases and consequently a minimal use of the chemical pioduits (pesticides, insecticides) to fight against these diseases.
• Certain models of the buried diffuser for trees and shrubs allow flexibility to use them for trees and shrubs grown in dry conditions.
• the diffuser is only used for occasional irrigation to limit damage due to short or long-term drought. Thanks to these models, it is even possible to improve and regularize the productivity of the fruit tree growing conducted in dry conditions with regular supplementary irrigations during the year regardless of the rainfall. Such intervention is very profitable for many species (olive trees, vines, apple trees, etc.) even if the price of water is quite high.
• the models of the diffuser for fruit and forest trees and shrubs can be used on the go for instant, fast and effective iiTigation to save the tree heritage during years of prolonged drought.
• the present invention includes models for arboriculture and shrubs and other models for market gardening and ornamental plants.
• Two types are to be distinguished: - diffuser with water tank; - diffuser without water tank.
• the diffuser consists of an upper part (1.1) and a lower part (1.2) between which there is a system of partitions (1.3).
• the upper part (1.1) corresponds to a cover comprising an orifice nozzle (1.4) through which the irrigation water is poured.
• this cover (1.1) In the lower face of this cover (1.1) there is a system of grooves (1.5) for fitting the walls of the lower part (1.2) as well as the partitions (1.3).
• the lower part (1.2) corresponds to a container with the same shape as the upper part (1.1).
• the inner faces of the walls and the bottom of this container have grooves (1.5) for receiving the walls of the partitions (1.3).
• These grooves (1.5) are equidistant from 5 to 10cm.
• the bottom of this container has a system of holes (1.6) located in the middle of each square formed by the groove system.
• These holes (1.6) allow the transfer of the irrigation water contained in this container (1.2) to the ground via the porous plate (1.7).
• the lower part of the bottom of this container (1.2) has a place to fix a porous plate (1.7). This location is limited by i stop (1.8).
• the fixing is done by a pushpin system (1.9).
• the partition system is a solid honeycomb, fitting into the lower part (1.2), following the network of grooves (1.5) of this part (1.2); and can be assembled with the cover (1.1) thanks to its network of grooves (1.5).
• the partitions Both on the cover side and on the bottom side of the container, the partitions have orifice concavities (1.10) allowing permanent communication between the water included in the compartments formed by partitions, on the bottom side of the tank; while the concavities orifices (1.10), on the side of the cover, ensure the evacuation of air to the outside through the irrigation pipe fixed to the orifice nozzle (1.4), when water is poured in the tank to fill it.
• the diffuser with reservoir can have different shapes and different dimensions.
• it is a parallelepiped, a cube, a cylinder with 1/2 or 1/4 of a ring.
• the capacity of the tank is approximately 140 liters.
• the side of the cube is 30cm, the capacity of the tank in this case is approximately 25 liters.
• the small radius of the ring is 40cm, the large radius is 70cm and the height is 30cm. The capacity is then about 70 liters.
• the radius of the circle is 30cm.
• the capacity of the diffuser is approximately 80 liters.
• the diffuser with tank also has 2 pairs of nozzles (1.11) of
• the diffuser has two other nozzles (1.12) with a diameter of 20mm allowing the evacuation of the air contained in the diffusers arranged in series. When not in use, these end caps (1.11) and (1.12) are closed by plugs.
• the lower part of the diffuser must have a flared shape [fig.5] allowing them to fit together.
• the upper part (1.13) has a cover with a system of partitions (1.15) spaced 5cm apart forming compartments.
• the walls of the partitions, in their lower part, have orifice concavities (1.15) allowing permanent communication between the water included in the compartments formed by these walls, on the bottom side of the tank.
• an orifice nozzle (1.15. A) with 3cm long, used to connect the diffuser to an irrigation network with a pipe of 16mm or 20mm in diameter.
• the lower part (1.14) of the diffuser is a small container 5cm high.
• the inner faces of the walls of the container (1.14) have a system of grooves (1.16) for inserting the partitions (1.17) of the cover (1.13) and the wall of the lower part (1.14).
• the bottom of this container has a system of holes (1.18) located in the middle of each square formed by grooves (1.16). These holes (1.18) allow the transfer of the irrigation water contained in the container (1.14) to the ground via a porous plate (1.19). This is fixed by thumbtacks (1.19.a) inside a location on the underside of the bottom of the container (1.14).
• the tankless diffuser can have different shapes and sizes.
• the height remains constant, it is 5cm.
• the rectangular shape is 1m long and 50cm wide.
• the fo ⁇ nel / 2 and 1/4 ring the small radius is 40cm, the large radius is 70cm.
• the cylindrical shape has a radius of the circle of 30cm.
• the diffusers are installed in such a way that the surface of the porous plate (1.7 or 1.19), ensuring the diffusion of water in the soil, is at least 80cm below the level of the ground surface. They are placed in ditches or holes (1.20) whose bottoms are well leveled.
• the diffuser is connected to a pipe (1.23) to bring the irrigation water there.
• This pipe (1.23) connected to the diffuser must exceed 20cm at least the topographic surface.
• the permanent diffusers can be installed in the holes (1.20) of plantations before the establishment of the tree. When we plant the young tree
• the diffusers For trees with a canopy> 5m 2 , the diffusers must be placed in straight ditches radiating from the trunk of the tree, or in holes. For holes, at least 3 per tree are needed, uniformly distributed in relation to the trunk and more than 1.5m from the latter. For ditches, at least three per tree are required and extend radiating beyond 1.5m from the trunk of the tree. ** - Installation of diffusers for instant mobile irrigation: Fig. 15
• the diffusers are only put in place momentarily to infuse the trees. After this irrigation, the diffuser is removed to infuse another tree.
• the tankless diffuser suitable for this type of inigation is installed in the same way as for diffusers installed permanently. The only difference is that the diffuser is only entrained up to 10cm above the cover (1.1 or 1.13).
• the diffuser is connected to a water tank (1.23. A) by a pipe (1.23.b) having a tap (1.23. C) enabling the flow of water to be adjusted as a function of the speed. water infiltration into the ground via the porous plate of the diffuser, so that there is no overflow of water along the edge of the diffuser.
• the irrigation water filled in the reservoirs or coming from an irrigation network or an external reservoir passes through the holes (1.6 and 1.18) of the lower part (1.2 or 1.14) of the diffuser and soaks the porous plate (1.7 or 1.19) and then infiltrates into the underlying soil. This infiltration takes place towards the soil horizons located lower than the porous plate (1.7 or 1.19), ie 80cm (or more) below the topographic surface.
• the water infiltrated into the soil being under the diffuser soaks a volume of this soil all the greater the greater the volume of water given.
• the shape of the moist bulb (1.26) is flared if the soil is balanced, allowing more lateral infiltration of water than vertical infiltration. On the other hand, if the soil is sandy, the moist bulb is tapered, because vertical infiltration is more important than lateral infiltration. The root system will then move towards these bulbs moistened by irrigation from the entrained diffusers.
• each element (2.1) has two parts: an upper part (2.2) and a lower part (2.3).
• the upper part (2.2) corresponds to a cover comprising two orifices (2.4) through which the irrigation water is poured.
• This part also includes in one of these sides a concavity (semicircle) whose assembly with the other concavity of the upper part of another element of the diffuser makes it possible to have a large orifice hole (2.5) allowing access to the substrate (or soil) in the tank or the vase.
• the lower part (2.3) corresponds to a container of the same shape as the upper part with a concavity in the form of a semi-circle whose assembly with the other concavity of the lower part (2.3) of another element of the diffuser tank, pennet to have a large hole orifice (2.5) allowing access to the substrates (or soil) located in the tank or the vase.
• the bottom wall of this lower part (2.3) has holes permitting the transfer of irrigation water from this container (2.3) to the substrate (2.6) located below, through a porous plate (2.7).
• the latter (2.7) is fixed to the container (2.3) by a pushpin system (2.8).
• the upper part (2.2) is fixed to the lower part by interlocking. Furthermore, the porous plate is fixed to the container by push pins (2.8). This plate (2.7) is placed in a groove bounded by two edge edges (2.9).
• the elements of the reservoir diffuser are placed in the specially designed vase or tank.
• the elements of the reservoir diffuser can also be used in open fields or in greenhouses for vegetable crops or ornamental plants. In the latter case, the two orifices (2.4) must be plugged and a nozzle (3.10) added to each element. ) and its seal (3.11). This nozzle (3.10) will be connected to a dripper by means of a flexible rubber hose.
• the cross section (2.22) is always the same and follows the diagram in Figure 27.
• the bottom of the tray or vase has a flared compartment (2.13) ending with an orifice (2.14) allowing the drainage water to be evacuated to a container placed below (2.15).
• This compartment (2.13) is filled with gravel, pebbles or other inert aggregates.
• this drainage compartment is a plastic filtration plate (2.16) separating the soil substrate (2.6) and the draining medium (2.13) placed at the bottom of the tank.
• This plate (2.16) has holes (2.17) of circular, rectangular, or square section arranged in a checkerboard pattern with regular interhole spaces equal to the surfaces of the holes. The section of each hole has a standard surface of 25 to 100cm 2 depending on the size of the tank.
• These holes (2.17) house special porous plates allowing the transfer of drainage water from the soil substrate (2.6) to the draining medium (2.13).
• the height of the draining medium being 2cm.
• the standard dimensions of this tray are for the parallelepiped version: 30 x 60 x 35cm or 30 x 30 x 35cm; for the cylindrical version the diameter is 60 the height is 35 cm.
• the upper part (2.18) following the tank body (2.6) is a replacement for the tank diffuser.
• This part (2.18) at the same height as the height of the diffuser-reservoir from the orifice (2.4) of the cover (2.2) to the border stop (2.9).
• the diffuser-tank is placed in the vase or tray so that it rests on the two levels (2.19) all along the wall and on the substrate (teneau or soil).
• the body (2.6) of the tank or vase is filled with substrate (tenon or soil).
• Placement of the plant (2.20) in the tank or pot should preferably be carried out before installing the reservoir diffuser.
• the root system (2.21) must be placed below the level of the porous plate (2.7).
• the plant must be level with the hole orifice (2.5) of the diffuser-reservoir.
• This orifice (2.5) after the installation of the plant (2.20) and the reservoir diffuser must be filled with substrate (te ⁇ eau or soil).
• substrate Te ⁇ eau or soil
• Fig. 29 Before the installation of the diffuser tank in the tank or pot, and after the plant is put in place, the substrate is irrigated (teneau or soil) until saturation. The excess water flows to the drainage compartment (2.13) where it will be discharged to a container for collecting this water. After the reservoir diffuser has been put in place, irrigation is carried out by filling the containers with the reservoir diffuser elements through one of the holes (2.4) in the cover (2.2). The water filled in these containers infiltrates thereafter into the substrate located below in passing through the holes in the container (2.3) and through the porous plate (2.7).
• the reservoir diffuser constitutes a screen protecting the humidified substrate against the loss of water by direct evaporation and by capillarity.
• the bell (3.1) has two levels, an upper level (3.4) and a lower level (3.5).
• the upper level (3.4) is used to place the nursery plant or the seed to germinate on the spot. It is filled to half its size by the ground. In the case where one chooses a sowing on the spot, one can accelerate germination by covering the orifice of this upper level by a prismatic cover (3.5. A) in transparent plastic fitting into this upper level (3.4) .
• This cover has holes (3.5.b) allowing the evacuation of very hot air from the inside of the level (3.4) covered by the cover to the outside. This cover can significantly shorten the duration of seed gennination. You can save a week to 10 days thanks to the always hot and humid atmosphere created inside this upper level.
• the evaporated water, coming from the soil where the seed is found is condensed on the inclined wall of the cover (3.5. A) and returns to this soil.
• the wider lower level (3.5) has a groove (3.6) and pin holders (3.7).
• the groove (3.6) has a nozzle (3.8) permitting access to the irrigation water in the groove (3.6) and its cover (3.2) before continuing its journey towards the ground via the porous plate (3.3 ).
• the cover (3.2) is fixed to the groove by forced interlocking. It includes a series of holes (3.9) ensuring the passage of the irrigation water from the throat (3.6) to the sponge (3.3).
• This cover (3.2) also has solid ends (3.9. A) made of plastic which facilitate its extraction from the groove (3.6).
• the porous plate (3.3) is fixed to the lower level (3.5) of the bell by push pins (3.4.a) introduced by force into the push pins holder (3.7).
• the buried diffuser for vegetable crops can have different shapes (square, rectangular, circular or any other regular polygon) and different sizes.
• the standard form of the underground diffuser for vegetable crops, described in this document, is circular.
• the dimensions of the various components of the standard form of this type of diffuser are shown in Figures 33, 34, 35.
• the diffusers are placed in trenches (depth 50cm, width 50cm) on 40cm of soil mixed with chemical fertilizers and manure. Then the diffusers are fully buried, filling half of the upper level (3.4) with soil. After the installation of the diffusers, a first irrigation is given (4 liters per diffuser) before the sowing operation or the establishment of plants raised in the nursery.
• the diffusers are mounted in line and connected to the irrigation hose (diameter 16mm or 20mm) by a system comprising a "nozzle" (3.10) and a flexible hose (diameter 6mm).
• the nozzle (3.10) is fixed to the irrigation hose (diameter 16mm or 20mm) by a tight rubber seal (3.11).
• the "nozzle" (3.10) has an orifice (diameter 0.6mm or 1.00mm) ensuring the metering of irrigation water.
• the irrigation hose (diameter 16mm or 20mm) of each line of diffusers includes a flow limiting filter (3.10 a) allowing to adjust the flow of water to the speed of water infiltration.
• This flow limiting filter (3.10.a) is made up of two elements assembled by a threading system (3.10.a.c) ensuring its perfect tightness.
• this flow limiting filter on the side of the irrigation water inlet, has a large orifice (3.10.a.b); while on the other side (water outlet to the diffusers), it has a well-sized orifice (3.10.a.a): 2, 4, or 6mm.
• the central part of the flow limiting filter houses a removable sponge (3.10.a.d) (to facilitate cleaning) ensuring the filtration of the water going to the diffusers.
• the diffusers can operate even at very low water pressure (0.05 bar).
• the nozzle (3.10) and its seal (3.11) can be replaced by a standard dripper which can be connected by a flexible hose (diameter 6mm) to the diffuser. 3-2-Operation of the diffuser for vegetable crops in the open field or under greenhouses.
• the water coming from the nozzle (3.10) via a flexible hose continues its course towards the ground located under the diffuser, passing through the nozzle (3.8), the groove (3.6) and its cover (3.2) and the porous plate ( 3.3) .
• This water infiltrates into the soil by forming a bulb of moistened flared soil when the soil has a balanced particle size composition (50% sand, 30% silt, 20% clay) and tapered when the soil and filtering (sandy) .
• the infiltration of the irrigation water into the soil under the diffusers is then facilitated by the root system of the plants.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Soil Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
• Protection Of Plants (AREA)

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• 2003
  • 2003-12-05 AU AU2003288886A patent/AU2003288886A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-12-05 WO PCT/TN2003/000001 patent/WO2004060047A2/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2003-12-05 EP EP03781273A patent/EP1585382A3/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2005
  • 2005-06-23 EG EGNA2005000354 patent/EG23789A/xx active

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