EP1584751B1 - Grundbehandlungsverfahren mittels mindestens eines Systems aus monopolaren koaxialen Elektroden und Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens - Google Patents

Grundbehandlungsverfahren mittels mindestens eines Systems aus monopolaren koaxialen Elektroden und Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1584751B1
EP1584751B1 EP20050290570 EP05290570A EP1584751B1 EP 1584751 B1 EP1584751 B1 EP 1584751B1 EP 20050290570 EP20050290570 EP 20050290570 EP 05290570 A EP05290570 A EP 05290570A EP 1584751 B1 EP1584751 B1 EP 1584751B1
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Prior art keywords
polarity
zone
soil
electrode system
partially
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1584751A1 (de
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Pascal Baticle
Thierry Sallandier
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Electricite de France SA
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Electricite de France SA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/11—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a soil treatment method comprising the use of at least one system of coaxial monopolar electrodes driven at least partly into the ground.
  • the invention also relates to a device intended more particularly for the implementation of such a method.
  • the invention finally relates to the use of such a method or device for the dehydration and / or decontamination of quarry sludge and / or mining products and / or extraction by-products. mining.
  • Lagooning quarry sludge is a common practice. This practice can also be found in the mining sector, whether for coal mining residues or for mining sludges of various metals. In fact, sands, gravel, minerals or other matter extracted from the soil must generally be washed with water during or after extraction. So we end up with the presence of lagoons. These lagoons are spaces comprising a liquid-solid mixture that is to say mud, with usually a majority proportion of liquid which is most often at least partly supernatant. These lagoons pose problems in terms of environment and safety (ground more or less moving). The natural consolidation of these lagoons is all the longer as the regional climate is humid. For example, in Normandy, in France, it takes more than ten years for earthmovers to maneuver on the surface of quarry lagoons.
  • WO-A-0102626 there is furthermore known a soil treatment method comprising the deposition into the soil of coaxial monopolar electrodes, comprising a rod of first polarity and a hollow tube coaxial with the rod and of second polarity.
  • the method and the device according to the invention make it possible to solve the problems of the prior art, in that they make it possible, by using at least one system of coaxial monopolar electrodes, preferably a plurality of coaxial monopolar electrode systems, treating, mainly dehydrating and / or depolluting, the interior of a soil (for example a quarry lagoon) by the use of said electrode system or systems planted vertically in said soil , usually from the surface.
  • the depollution according to the invention comprises the possible treatment of pollutants, mainly of ionic and / or ionizable, organic and / or mineral species.
  • Dehydration according to the invention is generally associated with a pumping system generally at the surface of the quarry, which makes it possible to extract the water therefrom.
  • step a) is generally such that the placement of said second polarity zone is such that said second polarity zone also at least partially discovers an insulating zone, generally located at least partly between said first polarity zone and said first polarity zone. second polarity zone.
  • said rod comprises alternating zones of first polarity and insulating zones.
  • an alternation of zones of first polarity and insulating zones means at least two successions of a zone of first polarity and of an insulating zone, a succession consisting of a zone of first polarity followed by an insulating zone, the zones of first polarity generally adjoining each one or two insulating zones, the insulating zones generally adjoining each one or two zones of first polarity.
  • said electrode system once sunk into the ground preferably has an upper end off the ground, i.e. above the ground surface as will be explained by the following, at least one zone of second polarity in the ground, and a lower end having at least one zone of first polarity in the ground.
  • the current flows and there is a potential difference between the first polarity zone discovered by the second polarity zone and said second polarity zone, generally separated from the second polarity zone at least partially. by at least one insulating zone.
  • soil is meant according to the invention any surface on which one could walk, essentially comprising a more or less hydrated material whose constituents are essentially of geological and / or pedological origin, that they are in place naturally and / or or as a result of at least one human intervention. Sludge mainly of mineral origin, including quarry sludge, is included in this definition, even if it can not be walked without danger (more or less moving soil).
  • sludge is meant according to the invention a solid-liquid mixture, with generally more liquid than solid.
  • the liquid is water and the solid is a clay or other finely divided material.
  • a sludge contains an amount of solid of at least 50 g / l in the liquid.
  • a quarry slurry may comprise about 800g / l of clay in water, or 50 to 60% by weight of dry matter, for a density of about 1.8.
  • the term "system of coaxial monopolar electrodes” means an electrode system, comprising at least one zone of first polarity, for example anodic, and at least one zone of second polarity, which is opposite, for example cathodic, that is to say generally comprising at least one anode and at least one cathode.
  • this system comprises within it the two polarities, and not a single polarity.
  • This electrode system is biased under the action of an electric field, for example by closing a circuit comprising at least one generator at the terminals of zones of opposite polarity. It therefore works most often at constant tension.
  • electrode is meant according to the invention cathode or anode.
  • a zone of first polarity is generally either cathodic or anodic
  • a zone of second polarity, of opposite polarity to that of the zone of first polarity is either anodic or cathodic.
  • Activation step b) allows the treatment, mainly by electro-osmosis and / or electromigration, of the water and ionized species present in the soil in the vicinity of said electrode system, that is to say in an area of influence around the system. Consequently, according to the invention, by the judicious and adapted choice of the zones of opposite polarity, the water and the ionized species (that is to say coming from ionic and / or ionizable species) are able to migrate towards the zone of second polarity.
  • Such a zone of influence is necessarily limited in size, and depends on many parameters such as the soil type, water content and / or pollution, geometry, nature and number of electrode systems etc.
  • Such a zone of influence is easily known to the person skilled in the art in each of the particular cases that he approaches, at least after a few tests on the soil undergoing the treatment according to the invention. It is not possible to define it precisely in advance, even if the person skilled in the art practicing such treatment can know its order of magnitude.
  • the coaxial shape of the electrode systems allows any cracks, which may be generated during the treatment process according to the invention, to appear radially so as not to hinder the passage of the electric field.
  • step d) is such that the partial rise of the second polarity zone makes it possible to at least partially discover a new zone of first polarity and at least partially a new insulating zone, that is to say a succession of zone of first polarity and insulating zone.
  • the new zone insulation is generally located at least partly between said new first polarity zone and said second polarity zone.
  • said method comprises dismantling any superfluous second polarity zone.
  • it has brought to the surface an area of second polarity that has no more use, and is therefore superfluous. It is possible to provide that this zone of second polarity can be dismantled in whole or in part.
  • the method according to the invention may comprise the dismantling of said zone of superfluous second polarity.
  • the method according to the invention comprises at least partially, preferably almost completely, a liquid pumping, generally comprising water, on the surface of the soil.
  • the hollow tube constituting at least partially the second polarity zone generally comprises at least one inner insulating zone, generally over substantially its entire length.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to dehydrate or even consolidate soils, especially quarry sludge lagoons.
  • the consolidation of these soils is advantageously from the bottom of the humidified or even drowned space, that is to say from the bottom of the lagoon to the surface.
  • such consolidation is possible under water, that is to say if the surface is embedded under a certain thickness of water, for example at least 1.5 meters (inclusive).
  • Off the ground therefore means according to the invention generally in atmospheric air and / or in water.
  • the invention thus advantageously makes it possible, with respect to the state of the art, thanks to the clever and combined use of at least one electrode system with a particular geometry and an implementation of a zone movement of second polarity towards the surface, discovering at least one zone of first polarity, a progressive dehydration from the bottom of the lagoon even a consolidation, even under water.
  • Another advantage of the method according to the invention is a low energy consumption, because the space between the first polarity zone and the second polarity zone is generally minimum, ie relatively low.
  • Such a space is generally dimensioned according to various parameters such as for example the number of electrode systems; the geometry of each electrode system; the quantity a priori of water to be eliminated; the ionic or ionizable species pollution that can be treated according to the method of the invention.
  • Another advantage of the method according to the invention is the relative ease of implantation of the electrode system or systems.
  • the electrode system consisting mainly of assemblable parts called sections
  • the depression of the electrode system in the soil is carried out by a progressive process of driving and assembly successive steps of the sections to each other, said process comprising at least one step of at least partial depression of at least one section, creating a set of at least partially depressed sections, followed by at least one assembly step at at least part of at least one other section to the assembly of at least partially embedded section (s) already constituted.
  • Such an embodiment advantageously facilitates the insertion of the electrode system into the ground.
  • such an assembly comprises at least one screwing.
  • such a particular embodiment allows the relatively simple implementation of the method according to the invention, since it involves pressing vertically short sections of electrode system, to screw one or more new short sections on these, to sink again and start again until reaching the bottom of the "basin” (space where is most of the soil moistened or drowned).
  • the electrode systems used are or are not two by two similar, in terms of dimensions, geometry and / or polarity.
  • the method according to the invention is such that a plurality of electrode systems are used, said electrode systems preferably being all, preferably all, of identical polarities. (That is, areas of the same polarity have the same sign), and the various steps, preferably substantially simultaneously, are performed for each of said electrode systems.
  • a soil for example a lagoon of several hectares is simply by implanting as many electrode systems as necessary.
  • the number of electrode systems varies according to different parameters such as the surface of the soil to be treated.
  • the geometry of the electrode systems determines at least in part the area of influence of said electrode systems.
  • all the electrode systems are of substantially identical geometry but it is also possible according to the invention that they are at least partially of substantially different geometry, ie at least two, or more two of them are of substantially different geometry.
  • the dewatered or consolidated lagoons thus obtained are the first to be obtained efficiently and for a reasonable duration by a method of using coaxial monopolar electrode systems, which presents a considerable progress of the invention compared to the state of the art.
  • activation of the electrode system is meant an electromagnetic field. Such placing in an electric field allows the treatment of water or even ionic and ionizable species in the soil, as has been explained previously.
  • the imposed voltage is generally substantially constant, and the intensity varies according to the parameters such as the nature of the ground ...
  • the invention also relates to a soil dehydration and / or soil depollution process comprising at least one soil treatment method, in particular a quarry, according to the invention.
  • the invention also relates to a soil treatment device comprising at least one system of substantially straight coaxial monopolar electrodes, said electrode system comprising at least one rod comprising at least one zone of first polarity and at least one insulating zone, and at least one hollow tube at least partially surrounding said rod and at least partially constituting a zone of second polarity capable of sliding at least partially around said rod, said electrode system being able to be placed in an electric field.
  • the electrode system is generally and preferably adapted to be depressed at least partially into the ground, most often so, once pushed into the ground, to have an upper end out of the ground and a lower end having a first polarity in the ground.
  • a way of driving into the ground is for example a sharp form and beveled of the lower end to be driven into the ground.
  • Said rod preferably comprises alternating zones of first polarity and insulating zones.
  • said zone of second polarity is furthermore capable of being raised at least partially upwards so as to be able to discover at least one new zone of first polarity, preferably a new alternation.
  • first polarity zone and insulating zone and this if possible as often as necessary.
  • the zone of second polarity is able to be disassembled at least partially, preferably almost completely.
  • the device comprises at least one activation means of the electrode system, that is to say at least one means for placing the electrode system in an electric field.
  • the electrode system consists mainly of assemblable parts called sections, and even more preferably such an assembly comprises at least one screwing.
  • the region of first polarity or second polarity when cathodic, generally comprises, preferably consists mainly of (el) stainless steel (or stainless steel) or non-stainless steel, preferably el) 'stainless steel. In the case where it mainly comprises non-stainless steel, it is a consumable electrode.
  • the zone of second polarity or first polarity when it is anodic, generally comprises Preferably, predominantly titanium, preferably all titanium, is coated with at least one metal compound, precious or not, said metal compound, valuable or not, being preferably selected from the group. formed by ruthenium, iridium, tantalum, tin, and antimony, in at least partially oxidized forms or not, and mixtures thereof.
  • the insulating zone of said rod mainly comprises plastic such as at least one polymeric compound selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylenes (all densities), polypropylenes (all densities), and mixtures thereof.
  • plastic such as at least one polymeric compound selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylenes (all densities), polypropylenes (all densities), and mixtures thereof.
  • the rod may for example in a first version be entirely a bar made of titanium coated with precious metal and having at regular intervals, over said titanium, a sheath by example heat shrinkable typically HDPE (Poly Ethylene High Density) forming insulating areas.
  • a second, less expensive, version of this example is a rod consisting of alternating parts, one of the parts comprising titanium uncoated with precious metal and covered with such a sheath HDPE, and the other parts being made of titanium covered with precious metal.
  • the hollow tube constituting at least partially the second polarity zone comprises at least one inner insulating zone generally over substantially its entire length.
  • that internal insulation zone generally comprises plastic such as at least one polymeric compound selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylenes (all densities), polypropylenes (all densities), and mixtures thereof.
  • the device according to the invention further comprises at least one placing means (that is to say placing it by at least partial depression in the ground), mechanical or manual, of at least one control system. electrodes.
  • placing means that is to say placing it by at least partial depression in the ground
  • mechanical or manual of at least one control system. electrodes.
  • Such placement means is generally manual for low thicknesses and low soil resistance, for example at least one hammer or hammer. Otherwise, such a means is mechanical; it includes for example at least one drill.
  • the electrode systems used are or are not two by two similar, in terms of dimensions, geometry and / or polarity.
  • the device of the invention comprises a plurality of electrode systems, said electrode systems preferably being all, preferably all, of identical polarities, that is to say that the areas of first polarity are of the same polarity and the zones of second polarity are of the same polarity.
  • the number of electrode systems varies according to different parameters such as the lagoon surface to be treated as explained above.
  • the device according to the invention is particularly suitable for implementing the method according to the invention as described above.
  • the invention relates to the use of a device as described above, for the dehydration of soil and / or soil remediation, in particular quarry sludge (quarry lagoon) and / or products of mining and / or mining by-products.
  • quarry sludge quadrry lagoon
  • products of mining and / or mining by-products in particular quarry sludge (quarry lagoon) and / or products of mining and / or mining by-products.
  • a zone of second polarity is cathodic and zones of first polarity are anodic.
  • the phenomenon of electro-osmosis gradually leads at least partially, preferably almost completely, water to the cathode zone.
  • the second polarity zone is slid upwards along the insulating and first polarity zones which are kept fixed.
  • the water is forced back up the electrode system towards the cathode and thus progressively towards the surface.
  • the water thus gradually returned to the surface is particularly easy to pump, and possibly to recycle.
  • This treatment is accompanied by a depollution when there is in the soil cations for example metals. These cations go back to the surface with the water in which they are dissolved. This is particularly effective in the case of recent pollution, that is typically a few months.
  • the invention also allows an inorganic depollution, mainly in the case where a zone of second polarity is anodic and zones of first polarity are cathodic.
  • the second polarity zone is slid upwards along the insulating and first polarity zones which are kept fixed.
  • the phenomenon of electromigration gradually leads at least partially, preferably almost completely, polluting anions that are for example nitrate ions NO 3 - and / or cyanide CN - , to the anode and therefore to the surface.
  • the water and the cations possibly present in the water, such as calcium Ca 2+ are driven by electro-osmosis and gravity phenomenon towards the cathodic zone, and thus toward the bottom; it is therefore generally necessary to provide at least one water supply system to the electrode system from the inside and / or the outside of the tube, to avoid excessive dehydration that would significantly disturb the phenomenon of electromigration.
  • Such use is very significant in the case of accidental pollution, for example nitrates from a soil above a water table. It makes it possible to sustainably protect said layer of pollution by treating said soil.
  • the invention also allows an injection of water to the bottom of a soil such as a sump.
  • the treatment according to the invention makes it possible to circulate the water towards the bottom of the soil, without the risk of abrupt rise of the water table and without the need to manufacture a well.
  • a zone of second polarity is anodic and a zone of first polarity is cathodic, and located at the end of the rod which otherwise consists of an insulating zone.
  • the electrode system thus formed can advantageously pass through more or less impermeable clay layers without altering their impermeability. important way.
  • the cathode is located below said layers in a permeable zone.
  • the clay also makes it possible to filter the water passing through it.
  • the water (and the cations possibly present in the water, such as calcium Ca 2+ ), is gradually driven at least partially, preferably almost completely, towards the cathode zone, and thus towards the bottom.
  • the water can thus pass through said clay layer.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents a system 12 of coaxial monopolar electrodes with mobile sliding cathode 1 according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show a partial rise of the cathodes (a mobile cathode per electrode)
  • FIG. 5 represents a disassembly of superfluous cathodic parts
  • FIG. 6 represents a reset under electric field
  • Figure 8 shows a disassembly of superfluous cathodic parts
  • Figure 9 shows an electric field of the end of the treatment.
  • Figure 10 shows, schematically, another system 13 of concentric monopolar electrodes with mobile sliding anode 9 according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents a system 12 of coaxial monopolar electrodes with mobile sliding cathode 1 according to the invention. It comprises a sliding mobile cathode 1 having an inner insulation (not shown), a set 2 of insulating zones fixed on a set 3 of fixed anode zones.
  • the cathode 1 may consist of parts 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, 1g and 1h (not shown in Figure 1).
  • the set 2 of insulating zones consists of the parts 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d
  • the set 3 of anode zones consists of the anode zones 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d and 3e. Only the insulating zones 2a and anode 3a are exposed by the cathode 1.
  • FIGS 2 to 9 show, schematically, a three-phase treatment for dewatering a lagoon 14 quarry mud according to the invention. They correspond, as will be explained below, to a first system 12 of electrodes according to the invention, as shown for example in Figure 1. This treatment will serve us, after detailed description of Figures 2 to 9, to illustrate the advantages of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 represents the beginning of the treatment of lagoon 14, bottom 15 and surface 16 of quarry sludge, in which at least eleven electrode systems 12 have been put in place as shown in FIG. Figure 1.
  • Water 4 rises above the surface 16, a portion 14a already dried out of the lagoon 14 is located above the bottom 15 thereof, and a portion 14b not yet dried or wet (or even flooded) of the lagoon 14 is located above said portion 14a.
  • zones 8 of initial dewatering are formed, which join through intermediate zones 7 which are also progressively dried.
  • the set of zones 8 and zones 7 corresponds to the dried part 14a.
  • the arrows 6 illustrate the upward movement of the water towards the cathode 1, which causes a capillary rise towards the surface 16.
  • the water 4 which has appeared above the surface 16 of the lagoon 14 is pumped by least one line 5, the pumping being symbolically represented by an arrow.
  • the pumping being symbolically represented by an arrow.
  • FIG. 3 symbolizes the beginning of the rise of the cathodes 1. It can be seen that, in addition to the anode zone 3a and the insulating zone 2a, a new anode zone 3b has been discovered on each system 12a. electrodes.
  • FIG. 4 shows the end of the rise of the cathodes 1.
  • a new insulating zone 2b appears.
  • the anode areas 3a and insulating areas 2a are now discovered.
  • FIG. 5 shows the disassembly of the superfluous cathode parts 1a, and possibly 1b, 1c, 1d and 1e of the cathodes 1, according to the length of each system 12 of starting electrodes and therefore of each cathode 1.
  • FIG. 6 shows the return of the lagoon 14 to the electric field.
  • New arrows 6a for rising water towards the surface 16 appear, new zones 8a for dewatering around the electrode systems 12, and new zones. 7a intermediate between the zones 8a.
  • this second phase there is a wet portion 14c of the lagoon 14, which is smaller than the wet portion 14b of the first phase, and a dried portion 14d, which corresponds to all the zones 8a and 7a , and which is larger than the dried zone 14a of the first phase.
  • the pumping is still illustrated by the pumping line.
  • FIG. 8 shows the dismantling of the superfluous parts 1f, and possibly 1g and 1h of the cathodes 1.
  • FIG. 9 shows a third phase of dewatering by electric field delivery, again including dewatering zones 8b near the electrode systems 12, the upwelling 4 towards the surface 16 being indicated by the arrows 6b, and intermediate zones 7b of junction between the dewatering zones 8b.
  • this second phase there is a wet portion 14e of the lagoon 14, which is smaller than the wet portion 14c of the second phase, and a dry portion 14f, which corresponds to the set of zones 8b and 7b zones, and which is larger than the 14d dry zone of the second phase.
  • the pumping is still illustrated by the pumping line.
  • the electrode systems 12 are extracted from the lagoon 14 to be possibly reconditioned for reuse on another site or on the same lagoon 14 when it will be full again.
  • Such reconditioning generally comprises at least one cleaning and / or at least one repositioning deposit on at least one electrode.
  • FIG. 10 schematically represents another coaxial monopolar electrodes system 13 with moving sliding anode 9 according to the invention.
  • the electrode system 13 comprises a sliding anode 9 insulated therein (insulation not shown) and lubricated externally, for example with water or bentonite, and an assembly 10 of isolated insulating zones fixed on a set 11 fixed cathode zones.
  • the anode 9 may consist of parts 9a, 9b, etc. (not shown) It can be seen that the set of insulating zones 10 consists of the insulating zones 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d, and that the set 11 of cathode zones consists of the zones 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d and 11e. Only the insulating zone 10a and cathode zone 11a are discovered by the anode 9.
  • FIG. 10 shows an electrode system 13 for the progressive destruction of organic pollutants and / or for raising anionic pollutants (such as nitrates and / or cyanides) to the surface of a soil.
  • the electrode system 13 of FIG. 10 thus allows the depollution of a soil 14 and / or a water table polluted by at least one anionic species, for example chosen from the group formed by nitrates and cyanides.
  • Said anionic species can be raised to the surface 16 to facilitate its treatment which can be biological and / electrochemical in the case of cyanide, and / or physicochemical and / or phytoremediation type (or treatment with at least one plant).
  • the device comprising this system 13 of electrodes can prevent contamination of a water table that is not yet affected by the pollution of said anionic species.
  • the rise of pollutants by means of a device comprising the electrode system 13 of FIG. 10 is exactly in the same operating mode as that of the electrode system 12 described in FIGS. 2 to 9.
  • the invention it is possible to have additional means for modifying the influence of the electrode systems. For example it is possible to extend the (the) zone (s) insulating (s) to expand the areas of influence of the electric field and thus reduce the number of electrode systems necessary to cover an area of several hectares.
  • an electrode system for example and preferably by increasing the number of sections which is preferably constituted by the system. of electrodes, to go deeper into the lagoon.
  • the system can work under water, that is, it can "pack" sedimentary sludge under the surface of a water reservoir and thus allow at least to space out the usual cleaning operations.
  • the zones of first polarity here anodic zones
  • the mechanical forces are thus advantageously limited.
  • the zone around the first zone of first polarity becomes too strong, the second polarity zone is the cathode, the distance between the cathode and the nearest anode being always the same, with a content of water always favorable to the passage of the current.
  • the phenomena of electro-osmosis relate at least in part to sludge lagoon dewatering applications or settlement of sediments in a water reservoir.
  • the phenomenon of electromigration which generally makes it possible to trace back at least partly to the surface of mineral pollution and / or which favors the in-situ destruction of organic pollution, mainly concerns depollution applications.
  • all the electrokinetic phenomena taking place at almost the same time, in some cases the electro-osmosis will help to depollute at least in part whereas the electromigration will not dehydrate. In this case, it is arranged to prevent drying of the anode or even lubricate the outside of the sliding anode with, for example, bentonite sludge conventionally used during drilling.
  • the electrode materials in particular deposits on one or other of the electrodes, on the connection of the electrodes, that is to say to choose a device with sliding anode or sliding cathode, on the adaptation of the draining material possibly present on the cathode and on the injection of water, of products dissolved or suspensions, at different levels of each electrode system.
  • the injection of suspensions at different levels of the electrode system can be used to lubricate a sliding anode.
  • the invention has been successfully tested on the dewatering of quarry lagoons and unpolluted dredging sludges.
  • the maximum working depth for the tip of the anode was consistently 2 meters deep.
  • the activated part of the anode was 30 cm long and 20 mm in diameter with a tip forming an angle of 15 ° to the axis of the anode. Sections of about 50 cm were assembled by screwing.
  • the material of the anode was titanium covered with metal oxides, mainly iridium (DSA type).
  • the insulation length was 97 cm, made of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) material in the form of heat-shrinkable material placed directly on the anode.
  • HDPE High Density Polyethylene
  • the cathode length was about 150 cm for an outer diameter of 48.5 mm, an internal diameter of 27 mm (insulation included), and outer material stainless food and PVC inner material (Poly Vinyl Chloride).
  • the length of each cathode section was about 560 mm. This particular piece was embellished with additional parts allowing the internal sealing of the cathode and the subjection of the cathode to the anode.
  • the sealed junction between the cathode sections was provided by a flat nitrile rubber gasket.
  • the total length of the electrode system was about 350 cm.
  • the system was set up by hand and supported by a support that distributed its weight (about 15 kg) over 1 m 2 .
  • the initial concentration of the sludge is of the order of 40% after 6 years without the addition of granular washing water in it. No rise in water is observed after several hours in an identical hole without electrode system.
  • the volume of water raised is about 500 ml in two hours.
  • the amount of water recovered in two hours is characteristic of the zone of influence of the electrode system for a given configuration. On the other hand, it is not representative of the amount of water that would have risen over a longer period, per unit of time. In the space of two hours, the process has just enough time to initiate the rise of the water (which comes from about two meters deep), the nominal flow not yet reached. It would probably take several days for it to be reached.
  • the dimensions of the prototype will be about the same as the industrial version of the electrode system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Claims (24)

  1. Bodenbehandlungsverfahren, das die folgenden aufeinander folgenden Schritte aufweist:
    a) Mindestens ein im Wesentlichen senkrechtes zumindest teilweises Eintreiben in den Boden (14) mindestens eines Systems (12; 13) einpoliger koaxialer, im Wesentlichen geradliniger Elektroden, wobei das Elektrodensystem (12; 13) mindestens einen Schaft (2, 3; 10, 11) aufweist, der mindestens eine Zone mit einer ersten Polung (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e; 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e) und mindestens eine isolierende Zone (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d; 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) und mindestens eine Hohlröhre (1, 9), die zu dem Schaft (2, 3; 10, 11) koaxial ist und den Schaft (2, 3; 10, 11) mindestens teilweise umgibt und mindestens teilweise eine Zone mit einer zweiten Polung (1; 9) bildet, aufweist, die mindestens teilweise um den Schaft (2, 3; 10, 11) gleiten kann, wobei die Zone mit der zweiten Polung (1; 9) so angeordnet ist, dass sie mindestens eine Zone mit der ersten Polung (3; 11) des Elektrodensystems (12; 13) offenlegt,
    b) ein Anlegen eines elektrischen Felds an das Elektrodensystem (12; 13).
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, das ferner mindestens eine Abfolge der folgenden aufeinander folgenden Schritte aufweist:
    c) ein Deaktivieren des Elektrodensystems (12; 13) durch mindestens teilweises Stoppen des elektrischen Felds,
    d) ein teilweises Wiederansteigen der Zone mit der zweiten Polung (1; 9), das es erlaubt, mindestens eine neue Zone mit erster Polung (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) und/oder mindestens eine isolierende Zone (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e) offenzulegen,
    e) ein Wiederanlegen eines elektrischen Felds an das Elektrodensystem (12; 13).
  3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem der Schaft (2, 3; 10, 11) einen Wechsel von Zonen mit erster Polung (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e; 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e) und isolierenden Zonen (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d; 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) aufweist.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem das Elektrodensystem (12; 13), sobald es in den Boden (14) eingetrieben ist, ein oberes Ende über der Oberfläche (16) des Bodens (14) aufweist, mindestens eine Zone mit zweiter Polung (1; 9) in dem Boden (14) und ein unteres Ende, das mindestens eine Zone mit der ersten Polung (3; 11) in dem Boden (14) aufweist.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Zone mit der zweiten Polung (1; 9) so angeordnet ist, dass sie die Zone mit der ersten Polung (3a; 11a), die dem unteren Ende des Schafts (2, 3; 10, 11) am nächsten liegt, offenlegt.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, das die Demontage jeder überflüssigen Zone oder jedes überflüssigen Teils mit der zweiten Polung (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, 1g, 1h) aufweist.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, das mindestens teilweise ein Pumpen (5) von Oberflächenflüssigkeit (16) des Bodens (14) aufweist.
  8. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem das Elektrodensystem (12; 13) im Wesentlichen aus zusammenbaubaren Teilen besteht, die Abschnitte genannt werden, das Eintreiben des Elektrodensystems (12; 13) in den Boden (14) durch einen allmählichen Prozess des Eintreibens und des aufeinander folgenden Zusammenbauens der Abschnitte aneinander erfolgt, wobei der Prozess mindestens einen Schritt des mindestens teilweisen Eintreibens eines Abschnitts aufweist, was eine Abschnitt(e)einheit schafft, die zumindest teilweise eingetrieben ist, gefolgt von mindestens einem Schritt des mindestens teilweisen Zusammenbauens mindestens eines weiteren Abschnitts mit der bereits gebildeten mindestens teilweise eingetriebenen Abschnitt(e)einheit.
  9. Verfahren nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, bei dem das Zusammenbauen mindestens ein Schrauben aufweist.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem man eine Vielzahl von Elektrodensystemen (12; 13) verwendet, wobei die Elektrodensysteme (12; 13) praktisch alle die gleiche Polung haben und man die verschiedenen Schritte für jedes der Elektrodensysteme (12; 13) vornimmt.
  11. Verfahren zum Bodenentwässern und/oder Bodenreinigen, das mindestens ein Bodenbehandlungsverfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche aufweist.
  12. Bodenbehandlungsverfahren, das mindestens ein System (12; 13) einpoliger, koaxialer im Wesentlichen geradliniger Elektroden aufweist, wobei das Elektrodensystem (12; 13) mindestens einen Schaft (2, 3; 10, 11) aufweist, der mindestens eine Zone mit einer ersten Polung (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e; 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e) und mindestens eine isolierende Zone (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d; 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d) sowie mindestens eine Hohlröhre (1; 9) aufweist, die zu dem Schaft (2, 3; 10, 11) koaxial ist, den Schaft (2, 3; 10, 11) mindestens teilweise umgibt und mindestens teilweise eine Zone mit einer zweiten Polung (1; 9) bildet, die mindestens teilweise um den Schaft (2, 3; 10, 11) gleiten kann, wobei das Elektrodensystem (12; 13) außerdem zum Aktivieren geeignet ist.
  13. Vorrichtung gemäß dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, bei dem das Elektrodensystem (12) ferner mindestens teilweise in den Boden (14) eingetrieben werden kann.
  14. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 12 oder 13, bei dem die Zone mit der zweiten Polung (1) mindestens teilweise demontiert (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, 1g, 1h) werden kann.
  15. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 14, die mindestens ein Mittel zum Aktivieren des Elektrodensystems (12; 13) aufweist.
  16. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 15, bei dem das Elektrodensystem (12; 13) im Wesentlichen aus zusammenfügbaren Teilen besteht.
  17. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 16, bei dem, wenn es kathodisch ist, die Zone mit der ersten Polung (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e; 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e) oder mit der zweiten Polung (1; 9) nicht rostenden Stahl oder nicht nichtrostenden Stahl aufweist.
  18. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprühe 12 bis 17, bei der, wenn sie anodisch ist, die Zone mit der zweiten Polung (1; 9) oder mit der ersten Polung (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e; 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e) Titan bedeckt mit mindestens einer Metallverbindung aufweist, die eine Edelmetallverbindung oder Nichtedelmetallverbindung ist.
  19. Vorrichtung nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, bei der die Metallverbindung, die eine Edelmetallverbindung oder Nichtedelmetallverbindung ist, aus der Gruppe ausgewählt wird, die aus Ruthenium, Iridium, Tantal, Zinn, Antimonium in mindestens teilweise oxidierten oder nicht oxidierten Formen und aus ihren Gemischen besteht.
  20. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 19, bei der die Hohlröhre (1; 9), die mindestens teilweise die Zone mit der zweiten Polung (1; 9) bildet, über fast ihre ganze Länge mindestens eine innere isolierende Zone aufweist.
  21. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 20, die ferner mindestens ein mechanisches oder manuelles Platzierungsmittel mindestens eines Elektrodensystems (12; 13) aufweist.
  22. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 19, die eine Vielzahl von Elektrodensystemen (12; 13) aufweist, wobei die Elektrodensysteme (12; 13) so gut wie alle die gleiche Polung haben.
  23. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 22, die dazu bestimmt ist, ein Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 umzusetzen.
  24. Einsatz einer Vorrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 21 zum Bodenentwässern und/oder Bodenreinigen.
EP20050290570 2004-04-09 2005-03-15 Grundbehandlungsverfahren mittels mindestens eines Systems aus monopolaren koaxialen Elektroden und Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Expired - Fee Related EP1584751B1 (de)

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FR0403793A FR2868793B1 (fr) 2004-04-09 2004-04-09 Procede de traitement de sol avec utilisation d'au moins un systeme d'electrodes monopolaires coaxiales et dispositif de mise en oeuvre
FR0403793 2004-04-09

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