EP1581728B1 - System for the regeneration of a particle filter of an exhaust line - Google Patents

System for the regeneration of a particle filter of an exhaust line Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1581728B1
EP1581728B1 EP04700263A EP04700263A EP1581728B1 EP 1581728 B1 EP1581728 B1 EP 1581728B1 EP 04700263 A EP04700263 A EP 04700263A EP 04700263 A EP04700263 A EP 04700263A EP 1581728 B1 EP1581728 B1 EP 1581728B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
engine
combustion
particle filter
soot
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04700263A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1581728A1 (en
Inventor
Christine Rigaudeau
Yvan Agliany
Marion Wermester
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PSA Automobiles SA
Original Assignee
Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
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Priority claimed from FR0300111A external-priority patent/FR2849672B1/en
Priority claimed from FR0300112A external-priority patent/FR2849670B1/en
Application filed by Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA filed Critical Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
Publication of EP1581728A1 publication Critical patent/EP1581728A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1581728B1 publication Critical patent/EP1581728B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0222—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/02—Combinations of different methods of purification filtering and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/30—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/04—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by adding non-fuel substances to combustion air or fuel, e.g. additives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/08—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by modifying ignition or injection timing
    • F01N2430/085—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by modifying ignition or injection timing at least a part of the injection taking place during expansion or exhaust stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust

Definitions

  • the regeneration aid additive is, for example, based on ceria CeO 2 and / or ferric oxide Fe 2 O 3 , or any metal oxide capable of giving off oxygen.
  • the dosage of this additive is generally between a few ppm and 50 ppm of active ingredient (cerium and / or iron).
  • Document DE-A-100 48 511 discloses a system for assisting the regeneration of an integrated particle filter in an exhaust line, this system being in accordance with the preamble of claim 1, with the exception of the presence means for adding to the fuel an additive lowering the combustion temperature of the soot particles.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a technical solution for reducing the amount of additive, without the effectiveness of the reduction of emissions of pollutants released with the exhaust gas is affected.
  • Said material may be a mixed oxide of cerium and zirconium.
  • Said catalyst may be a Group VIII metal, such as platinum, palladium or rhodium or a mixture of such metals.
  • FIG. 1 a motor vehicle diesel engine which is designated by the general reference 1.
  • This diesel engine is associated with input air intake means thereof, which are designated by the general reference 2.
  • this engine is associated with an exhaust line which is designated by the general reference 3.
  • Means for recycling engine exhaust gas at the inlet thereof are also provided and are designated by the general reference 4.
  • the exhaust line may also be associated with a turbocharger designated by the general reference 5 and more particularly to the turbine portion thereof, in a conventional manner.
  • the exhaust line comprises an oxidation catalyst designated by the general reference 6, disposed upstream of a particulate filter designated by the general reference 7, disposed in the exhaust line.
  • the engine is a four-cylinder engine and therefore comprises four electrically operated injectors, respectively 9, 10, 11 and 12.
  • injectors are associated with a common fuel feed ramp designated by the general reference 13 and connected to fuel supply means designated by the general reference 14, comprising for example a high pressure pump.
  • These supply means are connected to a fuel tank designated by the general reference 15 and to means for adding to this fuel an additive, for example based on ceria and / or ferric oxide (or any metal oxide capable of yielding oxygen), intended to be deposited on the particulate filter to lower the combustion temperature of the particles trapped therein.
  • an additive for example based on ceria and / or ferric oxide (or any metal oxide capable of yielding oxygen), intended to be deposited on the particulate filter to lower the combustion temperature of the particles trapped therein.
  • this additive may for example be contained in an auxiliary tank designated by the general reference 16 associated with the fuel tank 15 to allow the injection of a certain amount of this additive into the fuel.
  • this motor and the various components that have just been described are also associated with means for controlling their operation designated by the general reference 17 in this figure, comprising, for example, any appropriate calculator 18 associated with storage means.
  • this computer 18 is connected to a differential pressure sensor 20 at the terminals of the assembly formed by the catalyst 6 and the particulate filter 7, to temperature sensors 21, 22 and 23, respectively upstream of the catalyst 6, between this catalyst 6 and the particulate filter 7 and downstream of this particulate filter 7 in the exhaust line 3.
  • this computer 18 is adapted to control the air intake means 2, the exhaust gas recycling means 4, the turbocharger 5, the means 16 for adding fuel to the additive, the means 14 supplying fuel to the common rail 8 and the various injectors 9-12 associated with the cylinders of the engine 1.
  • this computer 18 is adapted to trigger a regeneration phase of the particle filter 7 by combustion of the particles trapped therein by engaging a phase of multiple fuel injections in the cylinders of the engine 1 during their expansion phase.
  • the particles emitted by the engine 1 during its operation are indeed trapped in the particulate filter. It is then necessary to regenerate it regularly by combustion of these particles.
  • An exhaust line 3 of internal combustion engine 1 thus comprises, in a known manner, a reactor 6 containing an oxidation catalyst (for example a metal such as platinum) ensuring, by an exothermic reaction, the conversion of hydrocarbons and CO contained in the exhaust gases to CO 2 and water vapor.
  • an oxidation catalyst for example a metal such as platinum
  • the exhaust line 3 comprises a FAP 7 which has the particularity of being coated and / or impregnated on all or part of its surface and / or its volume of a compound such as a material belonging for example to the cerium oxide group and / or mixed oxide of cerium and zirconium.
  • This compound must be capable of constituting a reserve of oxygen capable of propagating the soot combustion initiated during a regeneration operation of the FAP 7. It is said that this compound has an "OSC function" (for "oxygen storage capacity" ).
  • this compound contributes to lowering the soot combustion temperature, as does the regeneration aid additive usually introduced into the fuel.
  • the introduction of this additive remains necessary even with the use of a FAP 7 according to the invention.
  • the compound having an OSC function deposited on FAP 7 and / or the impregnant provides only a surface contact with the soot. This effect may not be sufficient to lower by itself the soot combustion temperature in the proportions ensuring a regeneration of FAP 7 as fast as desired for the envisaged applications.
  • the addition of ceria and / or iron oxide (for example) to the fuel makes it possible to incorporate the regeneration aid additive into the soot itself, which gives it optimal efficiency.
  • the use of a FAP 7 according to the invention combined with the use of a regeneration aid additive provides an additional lowering of the soot combustion temperature, which is obviously very favorable from the point of view energy.
  • the soot combustion temperature can be lowered to 400 ° C. where previously, at a quantity of regeneration aid additive equal to or even higher, a combustion temperature was obtained. of 450 ° C.
  • the compound exhibiting an OSC function when it is not uniformly distributed over the entire filtering medium, it must be present in a privileged manner in the parts of the filtering medium where the soot is mainly captured.
  • This is, for example, the case of the surface of the filtering medium which constitutes the entry of the FAP 7, in particular the surfaces defining the inlet channels of the FAP 7 when it has a honeycomb structure as it is classically known.
  • the compound having an OSC function may not be the only compound coating and / or impregnating the FAP 7. It may be used in conjunction with one or more catalysts to promote the initiation of soot combustion and / or other tending reactions. to reduce the pollutant emissions of the engine, for example a metal such as platinum to catalyze the oxidation of hydrocarbons and CO, a catalyst for the treatment of nitrogen oxides, etc. It can therefore be envisaged that the conversion of the hydrocarbons and CO proceeds partly or entirely within the FAP 7 itself and not necessarily in a separate medium 6 upstream of the FAP 7. In this case, FIG. zones 6 and 7 would be combined, and the temperature sensor 22 removed.
  • the compound having an OSC function may be associated with a "washcoat" deposited on the FAP 7.
  • the addition of a washcoat on the Ce / Zr mixed oxide or Ce / Zr mixed oxide compound filter may provide oxygen during combustion contributes to the improvement of the oxidation of soot, by lowering the combustion initiation temperature, as well as the propagation of combustion.
  • Platinum and / or palladium and / or rhodium may be deposited only on an Al 2 O 3 washcoat or mixed with washcoat or OSC compound.
  • the washcoat deposited on the DPF can be made of alumina (high surface catalyst support) supplemented with Ce oxide (CeO 2), and / or mixed oxide Ce x Zr y O 2, in varying proportions these oxides can be closely related to alumina.
  • the amount of washcoat can vary from a few grams / liter to a few tens of g / l.
  • the amount of precious metals must be sufficiently dispersed and stable, to remain accessible and effective to convert pollutants.
  • the quantity of precious metals is dependent on the amount of washcoat and can vary from a few tenths of grams to several grams on the whole particle filter, depending on the role to give to these precious metals. To treat the exhaust, several grams are usually needed.
  • FIGS. 2 to 5 diagrammatically show various possible modes of distribution of the various compounds mentioned in the length of the input channels 25 of the FAP 7.
  • the outlet channels 26 of the FAP 7 are devoid of impregnation. but it goes without saying that an impregnation could be practiced there if it is judged useful in order to complete there reactions which were initiated in the channels of entry 25.
  • the OSC material could be absent from the upstream zone.
  • Figure 5 shows a FAP 7 seen in cross section.
  • the lateral modules 34 are, for example, impregnated with a larger quantity of OSC function material than the more central modules 35.
  • the distribution of the OSC function material is substantially homogeneous within each module. This may not always be the case, for example as shown in FIG. 6, where portions of the lateral modules 34 are also included in the zone of lower impregnation so as to give the zone of lower impregnation a substantially transverse cross-section. circular.
  • the zone of highest impregnation represents from 30 to 80% of the cross-sectional area of the FAP 7.
  • the amount of OSC-functional material is typically of the order of 1.5 to 5 times that present in areas of lower impregnation.
  • the purpose of such a distribution of the OSC function material is to provide the oxygen supply in a preferred way where it is more difficult to convert the soot, ie at the periphery of the FAP 7 where the conditions thermal are the least favorable.
  • the distribution of the other materials impregnating the FAP 7 can also be modulated on the cross section of the FAP 7, but not necessarily in the same direction as that of the OSC function material. It is thus preferable to favor the most central modules 35 for impregnation with the metal catalyst, in order to convert hydrocarbons and CO preferentially where the flow conditions and the thermal conditions are most favorable for this purpose. Again, typically, areas of higher impregnation may contain 1.5 to 5 times more metal catalyst than areas of lower impregnation.
  • FAP 7 according to the invention to the exhaust lines of diesel engines is only a preferred application.
  • a FAP 7 according to the invention could be used on the exhaust line of any type of internal combustion engine for which a FAP 7 would be useful.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)

Abstract

A system for assisting regeneration of a particle filter of an exhaust line ( 3 ) of a diesel engine associated with, in particular: a particle filter ( 7 ); an oxidation catalytic converter ( 6 ); a common system ( 8 ) for feeding fuel to the cylinders of the engine; means ( 16 ) for adding to the fuel an additive adapted to reduce the combustion temperature of the trapped particles and propagate their combustion; and monitoring means ( 17 ) for triggering a phase of regeneration of the particle filter by combustion of the particles trapped therein during a phase of multiple injections of fuel; characterized in that the particle filter ( 7 ) is impregnated with a catalyst for oxidizing the hydrocarbons and CO present in the exhaust gases flowing through said particle filter.

Description

L'invention concerne l'industrie automobile. Plus précisément, elle concerne la régénération des filtres à particules utilisés notamment sur les lignes d'échappement des moteurs Diesel de véhicules de conception récente.The invention relates to the automotive industry. More specifically, it relates to the regeneration of particulate filters used in particular on the exhaust lines of diesel engines of recently designed vehicles.

Les véhicules automobiles à moteur Diesel de conception récente sont équipés, sur leurs lignes d'échappement, de filtres à particules (FAP) utilisés pour réduire leurs émissions de polluants solides. Ces FAP recueillent sur leurs parois des suies qu'il est nécessaire d'éliminer régulièrement pour éviter que le FAP ne se colmate, et lui faire retrouver son efficacité nominale. De plus, le colmatage du FAP crée progressivement une contrepression néfaste au bon fonctionnement du moteur. Cette élimination, appelée « régénération du FAP », peut être réalisée en portant le filtre à une température supérieure à la température de combustion des suies (celle-ci étant normalement de 550°C environ), au moyen des gaz d'échappement qui y circulent. A cet effet, une solution technique consiste à :

  • ajouter au carburant, par exemple lors du remplissage du réservoir, un additif d'aide à la régénération dont la fonction est d'abaisser la température de combustion des suies aux environs de 450°C et de fournir de l'oxygène disponible pour propager cette combustion ; en effet, cet additif se mélange aux suies lors de leur formation dans la chambre de combustion, et se retrouve au sein du lit de suies-qui se dépose dans le filtre ;
  • et réaliser périodiquement une post-injection ou des injections multiples de carburant en amont du FAP, notamment dans les cylindres du moteur lors de leur phase de détente.
Newly developed diesel motor vehicles are equipped with particulate filters (DPFs) on their exhaust systems to reduce their emissions of solid pollutants. These FAPs collect on their walls soot that it is necessary to eliminate regularly to prevent the FAP from clogging, and make it regain its nominal efficiency. In addition, the clogging of the FAP gradually creates a counterpressure harmful to the proper functioning of the engine. This elimination, called "regeneration of the FAP", can be carried out by raising the filter to a temperature higher than the soot combustion temperature (this being normally about 550 ° C), by means of the exhaust gases which therein circulating. For this purpose, a technical solution consists of:
  • add to the fuel, for example when filling the tank, a regeneration aid additive whose function is to lower the soot combustion temperature to around 450 ° C and to supply available oxygen to propagate this combustion; indeed, this additive mixes with soot during their formation in the combustion chamber, and is found in the bed of soot-which is deposited in the filter;
  • and periodically carrying out a post-injection or multiple injections of fuel upstream of the FAP, in particular in the engine cylinders during their expansion phase.

La post-injection ou les injections multiples ont pour effet d'augmenter la température des gaz d'échappement et la quantité d'hydrocarbures disponible qu'ils renferment. Ces hydrocarbures sont convertis sur un catalyseur d'oxydation placé en amont du FAP selon une réaction exothermique qui porte les gaz d'échappement à une température supérieure à 450°C. Ils arrivent alors sur le lit de suies, et la combustion des suies se produit grâce à la température élevée des gaz d'échappement et à l'activité catalytique des particules d'additif. Elle est propagée par l'oxygène mis à la disposition du milieu par l'additif.Post-injection or multiple injections have the effect of increasing the temperature of the exhaust gases and the amount of available hydrocarbons they contain. These hydrocarbons are converted on an oxidation catalyst placed upstream of the FAP according to an exothermic reaction which carries the exhaust gas at a temperature above 450 ° C. They then arrive on the soot bed, and soot combustion occurs due to the high temperature of the exhaust gas and the catalytic activity of the additive particles. It is propagated by the oxygen put at the disposal of the medium by the additive.

L'additif d'aide à la régénération est, par exemple, à base de cérine CeO2 et/ou d'oxyde ferrique Fe2O3, ou encore de tout oxyde métallique capable de céder de l'oxygène. Le dosage de cet additif se situe généralement entre quelques ppm et 50ppm de matière active (cérium et/ou fer).The regeneration aid additive is, for example, based on ceria CeO 2 and / or ferric oxide Fe 2 O 3 , or any metal oxide capable of giving off oxygen. The dosage of this additive is generally between a few ppm and 50 ppm of active ingredient (cerium and / or iron).

Un inconvénient de cette façon de procéder est que la régénération périodique du FAP laisse subsister à l'intérieur du médium filtrant des impuretés incombustibles constituées par des espèces minérales. Ces impuretés sont, pour une grande partie, des résidus de l'additif d'aide à la régénération. Elles diminuent progressivement l'efficacité du FAP par encrassement, ce qui nécessite de procéder régulièrement à un nettoyage approfondi du FAP, par exemple tous les 80 000km ou tous les 120 000km.A disadvantage of this way of proceeding is that the periodic regeneration of the FAP leaves within the filter medium incombustible impurities consisting of mineral species. These impurities are, for the most part, residues of the regeneration aid additive. They gradually reduce the effectiveness of the FAP by fouling, which requires regular thorough cleaning of the FAP, for example every 80,000km or 120,000km.

Afin d'espacer davantage ces nettoyages approfondis, il serait nécessaire de parvenir à diminuer la quantité d'additif d'aide à la régénération introduite dans le carburant.In order to further space out these thorough cleanings, it would be necessary to reduce the amount of regeneration aid additive introduced into the fuel.

Le document DE-A-100 48 511 décrit un système d'aide à la régénération d'un filtre à particules intégré dans une ligne d'échappement, ce système étant conforme au préambule de la revendication 1, à l'exception de la présence de moyens d'ajout au carburant d'un additif abaissant la température de combustion des particules de suie.Document DE-A-100 48 511 discloses a system for assisting the regeneration of an integrated particle filter in an exhaust line, this system being in accordance with the preamble of claim 1, with the exception of the presence means for adding to the fuel an additive lowering the combustion temperature of the soot particles.

Le but de l'invention est de proposer une solution technique permettant de diminuer la quantité d'additif, sans pour autant que "efficacité de la réduction des émissions de matières polluantes rejetées avec les gaz d'échappement ne s'en trouve affectée.The object of the invention is to provide a technical solution for reducing the amount of additive, without the effectiveness of the reduction of emissions of pollutants released with the exhaust gas is affected.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un système d'aide à la régénération d'un filtre à particules intégré dans une ligne d'échappement d'un moteur Diesel de véhicule automobile, dans lequel le moteur est associé à différents organes, parmi lesquels :

  • des moyens d'admission d'air dans le moteur,
  • des moyens de recyclage dé gaz d'échappement du moteur en entrée de celui-ci,
  • un turbocompresseur,
  • un filtre à particules du type comportant un médium filtrant destiné à piéger des particules de suies présentes dans les gaz d'échappement dudit moteur,
  • un catalyseur d'oxydation disposé en amont du filtre à particules dans la ligne d'échappement ou confondu avec celui-ci,
  • un système d'alimentation commune en carburant des cylindres du moteur, comportant des injecteurs à commande électriques, associés à ces cylindres,
  • des moyens d'ajout au carburant d'un additif destiné à se déposer dans le lit de particules de suies, pour abaisser la température de combustion des particules piégées dans le filtre et propager leur combustion,
  • des moyens d'acquisition d'informations relatives à différents paramètres de fonctionnement du moteur et des organes associés à celui-ci, et
  • des moyens de contrôle du fonctionnement des moyens d'admission, des moyens de recyclage, du turbocompresseur et/ou du système d'alimentation pour contrôler le fonctionnement du moteur, ces moyens étant en outre adaptés pour déclencher une phase de régénération du filtre à particules par combustion des particules piégées dans celui-ci en enclenchant une phase d'injections multiples de carburant dans les cylindres du moteur pendant leur phase de détente,
ledit médium filtrant dudit filtre à particules étant revêtu et/ou imprégné par un matériau capable de constituer une réserve d'oxygène apte à propager la combustion des suies lors d'une opération de régénération du filtre à particules, et la répartition des différents matériaux n'étant pas uniforme dans le filtre, caractérisé en ce que le matériau capable de constituer une réserve d'oxygène est disposé de manière privilégiée dans la zone aval des canaux d'entrée du filtre.For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a system for assisting the regeneration of a particulate filter integrated in an exhaust line of a motor vehicle diesel engine, in which the engine is associated with various members, among which :
  • air intake means in the engine,
  • engine exhaust gas recirculation means at its inlet,
  • a turbocharger,
  • a particulate filter of the type comprising a filter medium for trapping soot particles present in the exhaust gas of said engine,
  • an oxidation catalyst arranged upstream of the particulate filter in the exhaust line or merged with it,
  • a common fuel supply system for the engine cylinders, comprising electrically actuated injectors, associated with these cylinders,
  • means for adding to the fuel an additive intended to be deposited in the bed of soot particles, for lowering the combustion temperature of the particles trapped in the filter and propagating their combustion,
  • means for acquiring information relating to various operating parameters of the engine and of the members associated with it, and
  • means for controlling the operation of the intake means, the recycling means, the turbocharger and / or the supply system for controlling the operation of the engine, these means being furthermore adapted to trigger a regeneration phase of the particulate filter by combustion of the particles trapped therein by engaging a phase of multiple injections of fuel into the cylinders of the engine during their expansion phase,
said filtering medium of said particulate filter being coated and / or impregnated with a material capable of constituting an oxygen reserve capable of propagating the combustion of soot during a regeneration operation of the particulate filter, and the distribution of the different materials; being not uniform in the filter, characterized in that the material capable of constituting an oxygen reserve is preferably disposed in the downstream zone of the inlet channels of the filter.

Ledit matériau peut être de l'oxyde de cérium.Said material may be cerium oxide.

Ledit matériau peut être un oxyde mixte de cérium et de zirconium.Said material may be a mixed oxide of cerium and zirconium.

Le filtre à particules peut également être revêtu et/ou imprégné par au moins un catalyseur favorisant le déclenchement de réactions tendant à diminuer les émissions polluantes du moteur.The particulate filter may also be coated and / or impregnated with at least one catalyst promoting the initiation of reactions tending to reduce the pollutant emissions of the engine.

Le filtré à particules peut également être revêtu et/ou imprégné par au moins un catalyseur favorisant le déclenchement de la combustion des suies.The particulate filter may also be coated and / or impregnated with at least one catalyst promoting the initiation of soot combustion.

Ledit catalyseur peut être un métal du groupe VIII, tel que du platine, du palladium ou du rhodium ou un mélange de tels métaux.Said catalyst may be a Group VIII metal, such as platinum, palladium or rhodium or a mixture of such metals.

Le catalyseur favorisant le déclenchement de la combustion des suies peut être disposé de manière privilégiée dans la zone amont des canaux d'entrée du filtre.The catalyst promoting the triggering of soot combustion may be advantageously disposed in the upstream zone of the filter inlet channels.

La partie terminale de la zone aval du filtre peut être dépourvue de matériau constituant une réserve d'oxygène et de catalyseur.The end portion of the downstream zone of the filter may be devoid of material constituting a supply of oxygen and catalyst.

Le matériau constituant une réserve d'oxygène peut être disposé de manière privilégiée dans la zone périphérique de la section transversale du filtre.The material constituting an oxygen reserve may be preferably disposed in the peripheral zone of the cross section of the filter.

Le catalyseur favorisant le déclenchement de la combustion des suies peut être disposé de manière privilégiée dans la zone centrale de la section transversale du filtre.The catalyst promoting the triggering of the soot combustion can be advantageously arranged in the central zone of the cross section of the filter.

Comme on l'aura compris, l'invention consiste à réaliser un revêtement et/ou une imprégnation du médium filtrant du FAP par un composé qui joue le rôle d'un réservoir d'oxygène permettant la propagation de la réaction de combustion des suies lors de l'opération de régénération, en privilégiant la disposition de ce composé dans la zone aval des canaux d'entrée du filtre. Ce composé peut également jouer un rôle catalytique dans l'initiation de la combustion des suies, mais il doit être entendu que c'est la fonction de propagation de cette combustion qui constitue l'aspect essentiel de l'invention.As will have been understood, the invention consists in coating and / or impregnating the filtering medium of the FAP with a compound which acts as an oxygen reservoir allowing the propagation of the soot combustion reaction during of the regeneration operation, by favoring the disposition of this compound in the downstream zone of the filter inlet channels. This compound may also play a catalytic role in the initiation of soot combustion, but it must be understood that it is the propagation function of this combustion which constitutes the essential aspect of the invention.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit, donnée en référence aux figures annexées suivantes :

  • la figure 1 qui représente de façon schématique un moteur Diesel de véhicule et les différents organes associés à celui-ci ;
  • les figures 2 à 4 qui schématisent, vus en coupe longitudinale, différents exemples de filtres à particules utilisables dans le cadre de l'invention et mettent en évidence différentes possibilités de répartition des composés qu'ils renferment ;
  • les figures 5 et 6 qui schématisent, vus en coupe transversale, deux exemples de répartition radiale des composés renfermés par un filtre à particules utilisable dans le cadre de l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given with reference to the following appended figures:
  • Figure 1 which schematically shows a vehicle diesel engine and the various members associated therewith;
  • Figures 2 to 4 which show schematically, in longitudinal section, various examples of particle filters used in the context of the invention and demonstrate different possibilities of distribution of the compounds they contain;
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 schematizing, seen in cross-section, two examples of radial distribution of the compounds contained by a particle filter that can be used in the context of the invention.

On a représenté sur la figure 1 un moteur Diesel de véhicule automobile qui est désigné par la référence générale 1.There is shown in Figure 1 a motor vehicle diesel engine which is designated by the general reference 1.

Ce moteur Diesel est associé à des moyens d'admission d'air en entrée de celui-ci, qui sont désignés par la référence générale 2.This diesel engine is associated with input air intake means thereof, which are designated by the general reference 2.

En sortie, ce moteur est associé à une ligne d'échappement qui est désignée par la référence générale 3.At the output, this engine is associated with an exhaust line which is designated by the general reference 3.

Des moyens de recyclage de gaz d'échappement du moteur en entrée de celui-ci sont également prévus et sont désignés par la référence générale 4.Means for recycling engine exhaust gas at the inlet thereof are also provided and are designated by the general reference 4.

Ces moyens sont alors interposés par exemple entre la sortie du moteur et les moyens 2 d'admission d'air dans celui-ci.These means are then interposed for example between the output of the engine and the air intake means 2 therein.

La ligne d'échappement peut également être associée à un turbocompresseur désigné par la référence générale 5 et plus particulièrement à la portion de turbine de celui-ci, de façon classique.The exhaust line may also be associated with a turbocharger designated by the general reference 5 and more particularly to the turbine portion thereof, in a conventional manner.

Enfin, la ligne d'échappement comporte un catalyseur d'oxydation désigné par la référence générale 6, disposé en amont d'un filtre à particules désigné par la référence générale 7, disposé dans la ligne d'échappement.Finally, the exhaust line comprises an oxidation catalyst designated by the general reference 6, disposed upstream of a particulate filter designated by the general reference 7, disposed in the exhaust line.

Le moteur est également associé à un système d'alimentation commune en carburant des cylindres de celui-ci. Ce système est désigné par la référence générale 8 sur cette figure et comporte par exemple des injecteurs à commande électrique associés à ces cylindres.The engine is also associated with a common fuel supply system of the cylinders thereof. This system is designated by the general reference 8 in this figure and comprises for example electrically operated injectors associated with these cylinders.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté, le moteur est un moteur à quatre cylindres et comporte donc quatre injecteurs à commande électrique, respectivement 9, 10, 11 et 12.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the engine is a four-cylinder engine and therefore comprises four electrically operated injectors, respectively 9, 10, 11 and 12.

Ces différents injecteurs sont associés à une rampe d'alimentation commune en carburant désignée par la référence générale 13 et reliée à des moyens d'alimentation en carburant désignés par la référence générale 14, comprenant par exemple une pompe à haute pression.These different injectors are associated with a common fuel feed ramp designated by the general reference 13 and connected to fuel supply means designated by the general reference 14, comprising for example a high pressure pump.

Ces moyens d'alimentation sont reliés à un réservoir de carburant désigné par la référence générale 15 et à des moyens d'ajout à ce carburant d'un additif, par exemple à base de cérine et/ou d'oxyde ferrique (ou de tout oxyde métallique capable de céder de l'oxygène), destiné à se déposer sur le filtre à particules pour abaisser la température de combustion des particules piégées dans celui-ci.These supply means are connected to a fuel tank designated by the general reference 15 and to means for adding to this fuel an additive, for example based on ceria and / or ferric oxide (or any metal oxide capable of yielding oxygen), intended to be deposited on the particulate filter to lower the combustion temperature of the particles trapped therein.

En fait, cet additif peut par exemple être contenu dans un réservoir auxiliaire désigné par la référence générale 16 associé au réservoir de carburant 15 pour permettre l'injection d'une certaine quantité de cet additif dans le carburant.In fact, this additive may for example be contained in an auxiliary tank designated by the general reference 16 associated with the fuel tank 15 to allow the injection of a certain amount of this additive into the fuel.

Enfin, ce moteur et les différents organes qui viennent d'être décrits sont également associés à des moyens de contrôle de leur fonctionnement désignés par la référence générale 17 sur cette figure, comprenant par exemple tout calculateur approprié 18 associé à des moyens de stockage d'informations 19, et raccordé en entrée à différents moyens d'acquisition d'informations relatives à différents paramètres de fonctionnement de ce moteur 1 et de ces organes, ce calculateur 18 étant alors adapté pour contrôler le fonctionnement des moyens d'admission 2, des moyens de recyclage 4, du turbocompresseur 5 et/ou du système d'alimentation 14 pour contrôler le fonctionnement du moteur 1 et notamment le couple engendré par celui-ci en fonction des conditions de roulage du véhicule de façon classique.Finally, this motor and the various components that have just been described are also associated with means for controlling their operation designated by the general reference 17 in this figure, comprising, for example, any appropriate calculator 18 associated with storage means. information 19, and input to different means for acquiring information relating to different operating parameters of the engine 1 and these bodies, the computer 18 being then adapted to control the operation of the admission means 2, means 4, the turbocharger 5 and / or the feed system 14 for controlling the operation of the engine 1 and in particular the torque generated by it according to the driving conditions of the vehicle in a conventional manner.

C'est ainsi par exemple que ce calculateur 18 est relié à un capteur de pression différentielle 20 aux bornes de l'ensemble formé par le catalyseur 6 et le filtre à particules 7, à des capteurs de température 21, 22 et 23, respectivement en amont du catalyseur 6, entre ce catalyseur 6 et le filtre à particules 7 et en aval de ce filtre à particules 7 dans la ligne d'échappement 3.For example, this computer 18 is connected to a differential pressure sensor 20 at the terminals of the assembly formed by the catalyst 6 and the particulate filter 7, to temperature sensors 21, 22 and 23, respectively upstream of the catalyst 6, between this catalyst 6 and the particulate filter 7 and downstream of this particulate filter 7 in the exhaust line 3.

Le calculateur 18 peut également recevoir une information de teneur en oxygène des gaz d'échappement à partir d'une sonde Lambda λ désignée par la référence générale 24 sur cette figure, intégrée dans la ligne d'échappement 3.The computer 18 can also receive an oxygen content information of the exhaust gas from a Lambda probe λ designated by the general reference 24 in this figure, integrated in the exhaust line 3.

En sortie, ce calculateur 18 est adapté pour piloter les moyens 2 d'admission d'air, les moyens 4 de recyclage de gaz d'échappement, le turbocompresseur 5, les moyens 16 d'ajout au carburant de l'additif, les moyens 14 d'alimentation en carburant de la rampe commune 8 et les différents injecteurs 9-12 associés aux cylindres du moteur 1.At the output, this computer 18 is adapted to control the air intake means 2, the exhaust gas recycling means 4, the turbocharger 5, the means 16 for adding fuel to the additive, the means 14 supplying fuel to the common rail 8 and the various injectors 9-12 associated with the cylinders of the engine 1.

En particulier, ce calculateur 18 est adapté pour déclencher une phase de régénération du filtre à particules 7 par combustion des particules piégées dans celui-ci en enclenchant une phase d'injections multiples de carburant dans les cylindres du moteur 1 pendant leur phase de détente.In particular, this computer 18 is adapted to trigger a regeneration phase of the particle filter 7 by combustion of the particles trapped therein by engaging a phase of multiple fuel injections in the cylinders of the engine 1 during their expansion phase.

Les particules émises par le moteur 1 au cours de son fonctionnement sont en effet piégées dans le filtre à particules. Il convient alors de régénérer celui-ci régulièrement par combustion de ces particules.The particles emitted by the engine 1 during its operation are indeed trapped in the particulate filter. It is then necessary to regenerate it regularly by combustion of these particles.

Une ligne d'échappement 3 de moteur 1 à combustion interne selon l'invention comporte donc, de manière connue, un réacteur 6 renfermant un catalyseur d'oxydation (par exemple un métal tel que du platine) assurant, par une réaction exothermique, la conversion des hydrocarbures et du CO renfermés par les gaz d'échappement en CO2 et vapeur d'eau.An exhaust line 3 of internal combustion engine 1 according to the invention thus comprises, in a known manner, a reactor 6 containing an oxidation catalyst (for example a metal such as platinum) ensuring, by an exothermic reaction, the conversion of hydrocarbons and CO contained in the exhaust gases to CO 2 and water vapor.

Puis, selon l'invention, la ligne d'échappement 3 comporte un FAP 7 qui a pour particularité d'être revêtu et/ou imprégné sur tout ou partie de sa surface et/ou de son volume d'un composé tel qu'un matériau appartenant par exemple au groupe oxyde de cérium et/ou oxyde mixte de cérium et de zirconium. Ce composé doit être capable de constituer une réserve d'oxygène apte à propager la combustion des suies initiée lors d'une opération de régénération du FAP 7. On dit alors que ce composé présente une « fonction OSC » (pour « oxygen storage capacity »).Then, according to the invention, the exhaust line 3 comprises a FAP 7 which has the particularity of being coated and / or impregnated on all or part of its surface and / or its volume of a compound such as a material belonging for example to the cerium oxide group and / or mixed oxide of cerium and zirconium. This compound must be capable of constituting a reserve of oxygen capable of propagating the soot combustion initiated during a regeneration operation of the FAP 7. It is said that this compound has an "OSC function" (for "oxygen storage capacity" ).

En même temps, ce composé contribue à abaisser la température de combustion des suies, tout comme le fait l'additif d'aide à la régénération habituellement introduit dans le carburant. Cependant, l'introduction de cet additif demeure nécessaire même avec l'utilisation d'un FAP 7 selon l'invention. En effet, le composé présentant une fonction OSC déposé sur le FAP 7 et/ou l'imprégnant (ce dernier terme signifiant qu'il est présent à la surface des pores situés à l'intérieur des éléments filtrants constituant les parois du FAP) n'assure qu'un contact surfacique avec les suies. Cet effet peut ne pas être suffisant pour abaisser à lui seul la température de combustion des suies dans les proportions assurant une régénération du FAP 7 aussi rapide que souhaitée pour les applications envisagées. De ce point de vue, l'addition de cérine et/ou d'oxyde de fer (par exemple) au carburant permet d'incorporer l'additif d'aide à la régénération au sein des suies elles-mêmes, ce qui lui procure une efficacité optimale. Néanmoins, l'utilisation d'un FAP 7 selon l'invention conjuguée à l'utilisation d'un additif d'aide à la régénération procure un abaissement supplémentaire de la température de combustion des suies, qui est évidemment très favorable du point de vue énergétique. Dans la pratique, il est envisageable que l'on puisse abaisser la température de combustion des suies à 400°C là où, auparavant, à quantité d'additif d'aide à la régénération égale ou même supérieure, on obtenait une température de combustion de 450°C.At the same time, this compound contributes to lowering the soot combustion temperature, as does the regeneration aid additive usually introduced into the fuel. However, the introduction of this additive remains necessary even with the use of a FAP 7 according to the invention. Indeed, the compound having an OSC function deposited on FAP 7 and / or the impregnant (the latter term meaning that it is present on the surface of the pores located inside the filter elements constituting the walls of the FAP) provides only a surface contact with the soot. This effect may not be sufficient to lower by itself the soot combustion temperature in the proportions ensuring a regeneration of FAP 7 as fast as desired for the envisaged applications. From this point of view, the addition of ceria and / or iron oxide (for example) to the fuel makes it possible to incorporate the regeneration aid additive into the soot itself, which gives it optimal efficiency. However, the use of a FAP 7 according to the invention combined with the use of a regeneration aid additive provides an additional lowering of the soot combustion temperature, which is obviously very favorable from the point of view energy. In practice, it is conceivable that the soot combustion temperature can be lowered to 400 ° C. where previously, at a quantity of regeneration aid additive equal to or even higher, a combustion temperature was obtained. of 450 ° C.

Il va de soi que lorsque le composé présentant une fonction OSC n'est pas réparti uniformément sur l'ensemble du médium filtrant, il doit être présent de manière privilégiée dans les parties du médium filtrant où les suies sont captées principalement. C'est, par exemple, le cas de la surface du médium filtrant qui constitue l'entrée du FAP 7, notamment les surfaces définissant les canaux d'entrée du FAP 7 lorsque celui-ci a une structure en nid d'abeilles comme il est classiquement connu.It goes without saying that when the compound exhibiting an OSC function is not uniformly distributed over the entire filtering medium, it must be present in a privileged manner in the parts of the filtering medium where the soot is mainly captured. This is, for example, the case of the surface of the filtering medium which constitutes the entry of the FAP 7, in particular the surfaces defining the inlet channels of the FAP 7 when it has a honeycomb structure as it is classically known.

Le composé présentant une fonction OSC peut ne pas être le seul composé revêtant et/ou imprégnant le FAP 7. II peut être utilisé conjointement à un ou plusieurs catalyseurs destinés à favoriser le déclenchement de la combustion des suies et/ou d'autres réactions tendant à diminuer les émissions polluantes du moteur, par exemple un métal tel que du platine pour catalyser l'oxydation des hydrocarbures et du CO, un catalyseur de traitement des oxydes d'azote, etc. On peut donc envisager que la conversion des hydrocarbures et du CO se passe en partie ou en totalité au sein même du FAP 7 et non forcément dans un milieu séparé 6 en amont du FAP 7. Dans ce cas, la figure 1 serait modifiée, en ce que les zones 6 et 7 seraient confondues, et le capteur de température 22 supprimé.The compound having an OSC function may not be the only compound coating and / or impregnating the FAP 7. It may be used in conjunction with one or more catalysts to promote the initiation of soot combustion and / or other tending reactions. to reduce the pollutant emissions of the engine, for example a metal such as platinum to catalyze the oxidation of hydrocarbons and CO, a catalyst for the treatment of nitrogen oxides, etc. It can therefore be envisaged that the conversion of the hydrocarbons and CO proceeds partly or entirely within the FAP 7 itself and not necessarily in a separate medium 6 upstream of the FAP 7. In this case, FIG. zones 6 and 7 would be combined, and the temperature sensor 22 removed.

On peut, par exemple associer le composé présentant une fonction OSC à un « washcoat » déposé sur le FAP 7. L'ajout d'un washcoat sur le filtre composé d'oxyde de Ce ou d'oxyde mixte Ce/Zr, capable de procurer de l'oxygène lors d'une combustion contribue à l'amélioration de l'oxydation des suies, en abaissant la température d'initiation de la combustion, ainsi qu'à la propagation de la combustion.For example, the compound having an OSC function may be associated with a "washcoat" deposited on the FAP 7. The addition of a washcoat on the Ce / Zr mixed oxide or Ce / Zr mixed oxide compound filter may provide oxygen during combustion contributes to the improvement of the oxidation of soot, by lowering the combustion initiation temperature, as well as the propagation of combustion.

Le composé à fonction OSC peut être associé en plus à un catalyseur formé par un métal du groupe VIII de la classification périodique ou un mélange de tels métaux, tel que du platine et/ou du palladium et/ou du rhodium. Ainsi, il oxyde directement les suies (par disponibilité de l'oxygène activé) ou indirectement par des réactions exothermiques ayant lieu sur le platine, le palladium ou le rhodium (par oxydation des hydrocarbures et du CO). On diminue ainsi les émissions de polluants et apporte de la température localement, ce qui aide indirectement à l'oxydation des suies.The OSC compound may be further combined with a Group VIII metal catalyst of the Periodic Table or a mixture of such metals, such as platinum and / or palladium and / or rhodium. Thus, it directly oxidizes soot (by availability of activated oxygen) or indirectly by exothermic reactions taking place on platinum, palladium or rhodium (by oxidation of hydrocarbons and CO). This reduces the pollutant emissions and brings temperature locally, which indirectly helps the oxidation of soot.

Le platine et/ou le palladium et/ou le rhodium peuvent être déposé seulement sur un washcoat d'Al2O3 ou être mélangé au washcoat ou au composé à fonction OSC.Platinum and / or palladium and / or rhodium may be deposited only on an Al 2 O 3 washcoat or mixed with washcoat or OSC compound.

Le washcoat déposé sur le FAP peut être composé d'alumine (support catalytique de grande surface) complété par de l'oxyde de Ce (CeO2), et/ou de l'oxyde mixte CexZryO2, en proportion variable, ces oxydes pouvant être intimement liés à l'alumine. La quantité de washcoat peut varier de quelques grammes / litre à quelques dizaines de g/l.The washcoat deposited on the DPF can be made of alumina (high surface catalyst support) supplemented with Ce oxide (CeO 2), and / or mixed oxide Ce x Zr y O 2, in varying proportions these oxides can be closely related to alumina. The amount of washcoat can vary from a few grams / liter to a few tens of g / l.

La quantité de métaux précieux doit être suffisamment dispersée et stable, pour rester accessible et efficace pour convertir les polluants. La quantité de métaux précieux est dépendante de la quantité de washcoat et peut varier de quelques dizièmes de grammes à plusieurs grammes sur la totalité du filtre à particules, suivant le rôle à donner à ces métaux précieux. Pour traiter les gaz d'échappement, plusieurs grammes sont généralement nécessaires.The amount of precious metals must be sufficiently dispersed and stable, to remain accessible and effective to convert pollutants. The quantity of precious metals is dependent on the amount of washcoat and can vary from a few tenths of grams to several grams on the whole particle filter, depending on the role to give to these precious metals. To treat the exhaust, several grams are usually needed.

Les figures 2 à 5 présentent schématiquement divers modes possibles de répartition des différents composés dont on a parlé sur la longueur des canaux d'entrée 25 du FAP 7. Dans les exemples représentés, les canaux de sortie 26 du FAP 7 sont dépourvus d'imprégnation, mais il va de soi qu'une imprégnation pourrait y être pratiquée si on le juge utile afin d'y parachever des réactions qui se sont initiées dans les canaux d'entrée 25.FIGS. 2 to 5 diagrammatically show various possible modes of distribution of the various compounds mentioned in the length of the input channels 25 of the FAP 7. In the examples shown, the outlet channels 26 of the FAP 7 are devoid of impregnation. but it goes without saying that an impregnation could be practiced there if it is judged useful in order to complete there reactions which were initiated in the channels of entry 25.

Dans le cas de la figure 2, on a une imprégnation de la totalité de la surface des canaux d'entrée 25 du FAP 7 par une couche unique 27 comportant à la fois le matériau à fonction OSC, un catalyseur métallique et un washcoat. Cette couche 27 peut être homogène en quantité et en composition sur toute la longueur des canaux 25. On peut aussi prévoir de faire varier ces caractéristiques le long des canaux 25 :

  • la quantité de catalyseur métallique peut être plus importante dans la zone amont 28 que dans la zone aval 29 de chaque canal 25, ladite zone amont représentant 10 à 50% (par exemple) de la longueur du canal 25 ; on vise ainsi à réaliser plus rapidement l'oxydation des hydrocarbures et du CO ; la teneur en catalyseur de la zone amont 28 peut être, par exemple, de 1,5 à 5 fois celle de la zone aval 29 ;
  • la quantité de matériau à fonction OSC peut être, selon l'invention plus importante dans la zone aval 29 que dans la zone amont 28 de chaque canal 25, ladite zone aval représentant 10 à 50% (par exemple) de la longueur du canal 25 ; on vise ainsi à favoriser l'initiation de la combustion des suies principalement dans la zone aval 29, c'est à dire là où les suies ont tendance à s'accumuler de façon privilégiée.
In the case of FIG. 2, impregnation of the entire surface of the inlet channels 25 of the FAP 7 with a single layer 27 comprising both the OSC function material, a metal catalyst and a washcoat. This layer 27 may be homogeneous in quantity and composition over the entire length of the channels 25. It is also possible to vary these characteristics along the channels 25:
  • the amount of metal catalyst may be greater in the upstream zone 28 than in the downstream zone 29 of each channel 25, said upstream zone representing 10 to 50% (for example) of the length of the channel 25; it is thus intended to achieve faster oxidation of hydrocarbons and CO; the catalyst content of the upstream zone 28 may be, for example, 1.5 to 5 times that of the downstream zone 29;
  • the amount of OSC function material may be, according to the invention, greater in the downstream zone 29 than in the upstream zone 28 of each channel 25, said downstream zone representing 10 to 50% (for example) of the length of the channel 25 ; it is thus intended to promote the initiation of soot combustion mainly in the downstream zone 29, ie where the soot tends to accumulate in a privileged manner.

Dans le cas de la figure 3, on a une imprégnation de la zone amont 28 des canaux 25 par une couche 30 comportant à la fois le matériau à fonction OSC, le catalyseur métallique et le washcoat, et une imprégnation de la zone aval 29 par une couche 31 ne comportant que le matériau à fonction OSC et le washcoat. En variante, le matériau OSC pourrait être absent de la zone amont.In the case of FIG. 3, impregnation of the upstream zone 28 of the channels 25 by a layer 30 comprising both the OSC functional material, the metal catalyst and the washcoat, and impregnation of the downstream zone 29 by a layer 31 comprising only the OSC function material and the washcoat. Alternatively, the OSC material could be absent from the upstream zone.

Dans le cas de la figure 4, on a une imprégnation de la zone amont 28 des canaux 25 par une couche 32 renfermant le matériau à fonction OSC et le washcoat, ladite couche 32 étant elle-même revêtue par une couche 33 renfermant le catalyseur métallique et le washcoat. Quant à la zone aval 29 des canaux 25, elle n'est imprégnée que par la couche 32 dé matériau à fonction OSC et de washcoat.In the case of FIG. 4, impregnation of the upstream zone 28 of the channels 25 by a layer 32 enclosing the OSC function material and the washcoat, said layer 32 itself being coated by a layer 33 enclosing the metal catalyst and the washcoat. As for the downstream zone 29 of the channels 25, it is impregnated only by the layer 32 of OSC function material and washcoat.

Dans toutes les configurations qui ont été exposées, on peut également faire le choix de ne pas prévoir de revêtement et/ou d'imprégnation de la zone aval 29, ou au moins de sa partie terminale. C'est en effet là que les impuretés, cendres et résidus divers, subsistant après la combustion des suies tendent à s'accumuler, et ces impuretés altèrent le fonctionnement des catalyseurs. Supprimer ces catalyseurs dans des zones où ils seraient, de toute façon, d'une efficacité moindre que dans le restant du FAP 7 permet de réaliser des économies de matériaux et de limiter les pertes de charge des gaz à l'intérieur du FAP 7.In all the configurations that have been exposed, it is also possible to choose not to provide coating and / or impregnation of the downstream zone 29, or at least of its end portion. It is here that the impurities, ashes and various residues, remaining after the combustion of the soot tend to accumulate, and these impurities impair the operation of the catalysts. Removing these catalysts in areas where they would, in any case, be less efficient than in the rest of the FAP 7 allows material savings and limit the pressure losses of the gases within the FAP 7.

De même, comme cela est visible sur les figures 5 et 6, on peut moduler la répartition des catalyseurs selon la section transversale du FAP 7.Similarly, as can be seen in FIGS. 5 and 6, it is possible to modulate the distribution of the catalysts according to the cross-section of FAP 7.

La figure 5 montre un FAP 7 vu en section transversale. Les modules latéraux 34 sont, par exemple, imprégnés d'une plus grande quantité de matériau à fonction OSC que les modules les plus centraux 35.Figure 5 shows a FAP 7 seen in cross section. The lateral modules 34 are, for example, impregnated with a larger quantity of OSC function material than the more central modules 35.

Dans cette variante, la répartition du matériau à fonction OSC est sensiblement homogène à l'intérieur de chaque module. Cela peut ne pas être toujours le cas, par exemple comme représenté sur la figure 6, où des portions des modules latéraux 34 sont également incluses dans la zone de plus faible imprégnation de manière à conférer à la zone de plus faible imprégnation une section transversale sensiblement circulaire.In this variant, the distribution of the OSC function material is substantially homogeneous within each module. This may not always be the case, for example as shown in FIG. 6, where portions of the lateral modules 34 are also included in the zone of lower impregnation so as to give the zone of lower impregnation a substantially transverse cross-section. circular.

Typiquement, la zone de plus forte imprégnation représente de 30 à 80% de la surface de la section transversale du FAP 7. Dans cette zone, la quantité de matériau à fonction OSC est typiquement de l'ordre de 1,5 à 5 fois celle présente dans les zones de plus faible imprégnation.Typically, the zone of highest impregnation represents from 30 to 80% of the cross-sectional area of the FAP 7. In this zone, the amount of OSC-functional material is typically of the order of 1.5 to 5 times that present in areas of lower impregnation.

Le but d'une telle répartition du matériau a fonction OSC est de réaliser la fourniture d'oxygène de façon privilégiée à l'endroit où il est plus difficile de convertir les suies, c'est à dire en périphérie du FAP 7 où les conditions thermiques sont les moins favorables.The purpose of such a distribution of the OSC function material is to provide the oxygen supply in a preferred way where it is more difficult to convert the soot, ie at the periphery of the FAP 7 where the conditions thermal are the least favorable.

La répartition des autres matériaux imprégnant le FAP 7 peut également être modulée sur la section transversale du FAP 7, mais pas forcément dans le même sens que celle du matériau à fonction OSC. Il est ainsi préférable de privilégier les modules les plus centraux 35 pour l'imprégnation par le catalyseur métallique, afin de convertir les hydrocarbures et le CO préférentiellement là où les conditions d'écoulement et les conditions thermiques sont lés plus favorables à cet effet. Là encore, typiquement, les zones de plus forte imprégnation peuvent contenir 1,5 à 5 fois plus de catalyseur métallique que les zones de plus faible imprégnation.The distribution of the other materials impregnating the FAP 7 can also be modulated on the cross section of the FAP 7, but not necessarily in the same direction as that of the OSC function material. It is thus preferable to favor the most central modules 35 for impregnation with the metal catalyst, in order to convert hydrocarbons and CO preferentially where the flow conditions and the thermal conditions are most favorable for this purpose. Again, typically, areas of higher impregnation may contain 1.5 to 5 times more metal catalyst than areas of lower impregnation.

Dans la pratique, il est avantageux de profiter de l'utilisation d'un FAP 7 selon l'invention pour diminuer la quantité d'additif d'aide à la régénération employée (de l'ordre de 50% ou davantage). Cela a pour effet de réduire la quantité de résidus incombustibles qui se dépose dans le FAP 7, et donc de rendre son nettoyage approfondi moins souvent nécessaire.In practice, it is advantageous to take advantage of the use of a FAP 7 according to the invention to reduce the amount of regeneration aid additive used (of the order of 50% or more). This has the effect of reducing the amount of incombustible residue that is deposited in the FAP 7, and thus make its deep cleaning less necessary.

Il doit être entendu que l'application d'un FAP 7 selon l'invention aux lignes d'échappement de moteurs Diesel n'est qu'une application privilégiée. Un FAP 7 selon l'invention serait utilisable sur la ligne d'échappement de tout type de moteur à combustion interne pour lequel un FAP 7 aurait son utilité.It should be understood that the application of a FAP 7 according to the invention to the exhaust lines of diesel engines is only a preferred application. A FAP 7 according to the invention could be used on the exhaust line of any type of internal combustion engine for which a FAP 7 would be useful.

Claims (10)

  1. System for aiding regeneration of a particle filter integrated into an exhaust line (3) of a motor vehicle diesel engine, wherein the engine (1) is associated with various elements amongst which are:
    - means (2) for the admission of air into the engine,
    - means (4) for recycling exhaust gas from the engine to the inlet thereof,
    - a turbocompressor (5),
    - a particle filter (7) of the kind comprising a filtering medium intended for trapping soot particles present in the exhaust gases of said engine (1),
    - an oxidation catalyst (6) disposed upstream of the particle filter (7) in the exhaust line (3) or mixed with said filter,
    - a common fuel feed system (8) for the cylinders of the engine, comprising electrically controlled injectors (9, 10, 11, 12) associated with those cylinders,
    - means (16) for the addition, to the fuel, of an additive intended to be deposited in the soot particle bed in order to lower the combustion temperature of the particles trapped in the filter (7) and to propagate their combustion,
    - means (20, 21, 22) for the acquisition of information relating to various operating parameters of the engine and of the elements associated therewith, and
    - means (17) for controlling operation of the admission means, the recycling means, the turbocompressor and/or the feed system in order to control operation of the engine, those means in addition being arranged to trigger a phase of regeneration of the particle filter by combustion of the particles trapped therein by initiating a phase of multiple injections of fuel into the cylinders of the engine during their expansion phase,
    said filtering medium of said particle filter (7) being coated and/or impregnated with a material capable of constituting a reserve of oxygen suitable for propagating combustion of the soot during a particle filter regeneration operation, and distribution of the various materials being non-uniform in the filter (7),
    characterised in that the material capable of constituting a reserve of oxygen is disposed predominantly in the downstream zone (29) of the inlet channels (25) of the filter (7).
  2. System according to claim 1, characterised in that said material is cerium oxide.
  3. System according to claim 1, characterised in that said material is a mixed oxide of cerium and zirconium.
  4. System according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the particle filter (7) is also coated and/or impregnated with at least one catalyst promoting the triggering of reactions tending to reduce the polluting emissions of the engine.
  5. System according to claim 4, characterised in that the particle filter (7) is also coated and/or impregnated with at least one catalyst promoting the triggering of combustion of the soot.
  6. System according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that said catalyst is a group VIII metal, such as platinum, palladium or rhodium, or a mixture of such metals.
  7. System according to claim 5, characterised in that the catalyst promoting the triggering of combustion of the soot is disposed predominantly in the upstream zone (28) of the inlet channels (25) of the filter (7).
  8. System according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that material constituting a reserve of oxygen and catalyst are lacking from the terminal portion of the downstream zone (29) of the filter (7).
  9. System according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the material constituting a reserve of oxygen is disposed predominantly in the peripheral zone (34) of the transverse section of the filter (7).
  10. System according to claim 5 and one of claims 7 to 9, characterised in that the catalyst promoting the triggering of combustion of the soot is disposed predominantly in the central zone (35) of the transverse section of the filter (7).
EP04700263A 2003-01-07 2004-01-06 System for the regeneration of a particle filter of an exhaust line Expired - Lifetime EP1581728B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0300111 2003-01-07
FR0300111A FR2849672B1 (en) 2003-01-07 2003-01-07 PARTICLE FILTER FOR EXHAUST LINE, EXHAUST LINE THUS EQUIPPED, AND SYSTEM FOR AIDING THE REGENERATION OF SUCH A PARTICULATE FILTER
FR0300112A FR2849670B1 (en) 2003-01-07 2003-01-07 PARTICLE FILTER FOR EXHAUST LINE OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND EXHAUST LINE COMPRISING SAME
FR0300112 2003-01-07
PCT/FR2004/000006 WO2004070178A1 (en) 2003-01-07 2004-01-06 Aid system for regeneration of a particle filter for an exhaust line

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1581728A1 EP1581728A1 (en) 2005-10-05
EP1581728B1 true EP1581728B1 (en) 2006-09-27

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04700263A Expired - Lifetime EP1581728B1 (en) 2003-01-07 2004-01-06 System for the regeneration of a particle filter of an exhaust line

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US7328573B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1581728B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE340920T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602004002557T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2273201T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2004070178A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050164139A1 (en) * 2002-02-04 2005-07-28 Valentine James M. Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst and lightly catalyzed diesel particulate filter
US7722829B2 (en) * 2004-09-14 2010-05-25 Basf Catalysts Llc Pressure-balanced, catalyzed soot filter
DE102005047598A1 (en) * 2005-10-05 2007-04-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Filter element and filter for exhaust aftertreatment
DE102006003253A1 (en) * 2006-01-24 2007-07-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Filter device for waste gas system of internal-combustion engine, has open-porous filter structure with two different ranges and catalytic materials, arranged in these ranges
GB0903262D0 (en) * 2009-02-26 2009-04-08 Johnson Matthey Plc Filter
FR2943730B1 (en) * 2009-03-24 2014-08-29 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa METHOD FOR CONTROLLING POLLUTANT EMISSIONS OF A COMBUSTION ENGINE
FR2943728B1 (en) * 2009-03-24 2014-07-11 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa METHOD FOR MONITORING THE POLLUTANT EMISSIONS OF A COMBUSTION ENGINE, MOTOR POWERTRAIN AND VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH SAID MOTOR PUSH GROUP
US20110067386A1 (en) * 2009-09-22 2011-03-24 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Oxidizing Particulate Filter
FR2978803B1 (en) * 2011-08-05 2015-04-10 Rhodia Operations DEVICE FOR DISPENSING A LIQUID ADDITIVE IN A FUEL CIRCUIT CIRCUIT FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, VEHICLE COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME
CN106714963B (en) * 2014-09-10 2020-01-03 株式会社科特拉 Catalyst for exhaust gas purification

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EP0158887B1 (en) * 1984-03-31 1990-11-22 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Diesel particulate oxidizer regeneration system
DE3923985C1 (en) 1989-07-20 1990-06-28 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft, 7000 Stuttgart, De
AU1420595A (en) * 1993-12-31 1995-07-17 Rhone-Poulenc Chimie Filtration and combustion process for carbon particulate matter from an internal combustion engine
JP3607980B2 (en) * 1999-12-16 2005-01-05 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Internal combustion engine
FR2804169B1 (en) * 2000-01-20 2002-04-12 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa SYSTEM FOR AIDING THE REGENERATION OF A PARTICLE FILTER INTEGRATED IN AN EXHAUST LINE OF A DIESEL ENGINE OF A MOTOR VEHICLE
WO2002026379A1 (en) * 2000-09-29 2002-04-04 Omg Ag & Co. Kg Catalytic soot filter and use thereof in treatment of lean exhaust gases
DE10048511A1 (en) 2000-09-29 2002-04-18 Omg Ag & Co Kg Reduction of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and soot particles in lean exhaust gas from internal combustion engine, by using particle filter having catalytic coating of oxygen storage component(s) and platinum group metal(s)
JP4161546B2 (en) * 2001-06-26 2008-10-08 いすゞ自動車株式会社 Regeneration control method for continuous regeneration type diesel particulate filter device
JP4393039B2 (en) * 2001-07-18 2010-01-06 イビデン株式会社 Filter with catalyst, method for manufacturing the same, and exhaust gas purification system
EP1312776A3 (en) 2001-11-16 2004-05-12 Isuzu Motors Limited Exhaust gas purification system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2273201T3 (en) 2007-05-01
WO2004070178A1 (en) 2004-08-19
US20060201140A1 (en) 2006-09-14
US7328573B2 (en) 2008-02-12
DE602004002557D1 (en) 2006-11-09
EP1581728A1 (en) 2005-10-05
DE602004002557T2 (en) 2007-10-25
ATE340920T1 (en) 2006-10-15

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