FR2933448A1 - Exhaust gas purifying device for internal combustion diesel engine of motor vehicle, has oxidation catalyst connected in downstream of pre-oxidation catalyst, and particle filter connected in downstream of oxidation catalyst - Google Patents

Exhaust gas purifying device for internal combustion diesel engine of motor vehicle, has oxidation catalyst connected in downstream of pre-oxidation catalyst, and particle filter connected in downstream of oxidation catalyst Download PDF

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FR2933448A1
FR2933448A1 FR0854578A FR0854578A FR2933448A1 FR 2933448 A1 FR2933448 A1 FR 2933448A1 FR 0854578 A FR0854578 A FR 0854578A FR 0854578 A FR0854578 A FR 0854578A FR 2933448 A1 FR2933448 A1 FR 2933448A1
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support
catalyst
exhaust gas
oxidation catalyst
downstream
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FR0854578A
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French (fr)
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FR2933448B1 (en
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Anne Sophie Quiney
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PSA Automobiles SA
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Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9459Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
    • B01D53/9477Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0093Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00Catalysts
    • B01D2255/10Noble metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/102Platinum group metals
    • B01D2255/1021Platinum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00Catalysts
    • B01D2255/10Noble metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/102Platinum group metals
    • B01D2255/1023Palladium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00Catalysts
    • B01D2255/90Physical characteristics of catalysts
    • B01D2255/92Dimensions
    • B01D2255/9202Linear dimensions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/40Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
    • B01J23/42Platinum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/40Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
    • B01J23/44Palladium
    • B01J35/56
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/30Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
    • F01N2330/48Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details characterised by the number of flow passages, e.g. cell density
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Abstract

The device has a pre-oxidation catalyst (4) comprising a support defining exhaust gas flow channels. An oxidation catalyst (5) is connected in downstream of the catalyst (4), and has a honeycomb shaped support defining exhaust gas flow channels. The support of the catalyst (5) has channel density higher than that of the support of the catalyst (4), where thickness of walls of the support in the catalyst (5) is less than that of walls of the support in the catalyst (4). A particle filter (6) is connected in downstream of the catalyst (5). The walls of the support of the catalyst (5) are coated with an oxidation catalyst material i.e. alumina impregnated with precious metals. An independent claim is also included for a vehicle comprising a particle filter regeneration device.

Description

DISPOSITIF DE PURIFICATION DE GAZ D'ECHAPPEMENT [0001 L'invention concerne la purification des gaz d'échappement de moteurs à combustion interne, et en particulier la purification des gaz d'échappement de moteurs 5 Diesel munis d'un filtre à particules. [0002 Les gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion interne équipant la plupart des véhicules automobiles contiennent un certain nombre de polluants dont il est souhaitable de réduire les rejets dans l'atmosphère (notamment des oxydes d'azote, du monoxyde de carbone, des hydrocarbures imbrûlés, des particules et du dioxyde 10 de carbone). Les réglementations applicables en matière de pollution par des véhicules automobiles abaissent régulièrement les plafonds de rejets acceptables. [0003] Une grande partie des polluants générés par un moteur à combustion interne est due à une combustion incomplète du carburant. Une première stratégie de réduction des rejets polluants consiste à réduire la quantité des polluants pénétrant 15 dans la ligne d'échappement. Une deuxième stratégie de réduction des rejets polluants consiste à réaliser un post-traitement des gaz traversant la ligne d'échappement. [0004] Pour réaliser un post-traitement, les véhicules sont désormais équipés d'un convertisseur catalytique comprenant : 20 • dans le cas des moteurs dits essence, équipés d'une catalyseur trois-voies, une fonction catalyse d'oxydation (pour oxyder le monoxyde de carbone et les hydrocarbures imbrûlés) et une fonction catalyse de réduction (pour réduire les oxydes d'azote) ou dans le cas des moteurs dits diesel, un catalyseur d'oxydation (pour oxyder le 25 monoxyde de carbone et les hydrocarbures imbrûlés). [0005] Le catalyseur d'oxydation est constitué par un boîtier monté dans la ligne d'échappement. Le boîtier renferme un support ou substrat revêtu d'un matériau actif. Le substrat est généralement constitué d'un corps monolithique en céramique en forme de nid d'abeille formant des canaux destinés à être traversés par les gaz 30 d'échappement. Les principaux composants du corps sont généralement de l'alumine ou des alumino-silicates dopés par de la zircone (cordiérite, mullite, mullite-zircone). Le revêtement en matériaux actifs peut être composé de métaux précieux combinés tels que le platine, le palladium (pour la reduction de CO/HC) et de rhodium (pour la reduction des NOx). [0006] Du fait que les moteurs diesels produisent une plus grande quantité de particules, les lignes d'échappement incluent le plus souvent un filtre à particules destiné à piéger des particules solides ou liquides constituées essentiellement de suies ou de gouttelettes d'huile. Pour éviter l'encrassement du filtre à particules, celui-ci doit être régénéré épisodiquement par brûlage des particules piégées. Le brûlage est réalisé par augmentation de la température des gaz d'échappement au-delà de 550°C. [000n Une technique de régénération du filtre à particules consiste à injecter du carburant pendant la phase de détente du piston, de sorte que les gaz d'échappement sont transitoirement enrichis en carburant imbrûlés qui peut donc s'enflammer dans la ligne d'échappement. La température moyenne des gaz d'échappement étant généralement insuffisante pour provoquer cette inflammation, le filtre à particules est généralement disposé juste en aval du catalyseur d'oxydation. En effet, le catalyseur d'oxydation oxyde les hydrocarbures imbrûlés par une réaction exothermique, ce qui permet de réaliser la combustion des particules piégées par le filtre à particules. [0008] Pour réduire les émissions de monoxyde de carbone, il est souhaitable d'utiliser un catalyseur d'oxydation présentant une densité de canaux élevée. Cependant, un catalyseur d'oxydation présentant une densité de canaux élevée est aisément obstrué par des particules provenant du moteur. La demande de brevet FR 2 890 108 décrit une ligne d'échappement comprenant un premier catalyseur d'oxydation dont la densité de canaux est inférieure à 500 cpsi (canaux par pouce carré), un filtre à particules raccordé à la sortie du premier catalyseur d'oxydation, et un deuxième catalyseur d'oxydation raccordé à la sortie du filtre à particules et dont la densité de canaux est supérieure à 800 cpsi. Le premier catalyseur d'oxydation présente une densité de canaux suffisamment basse pour ne pas être obstrué par les particules, tandis que le deuxième catalyseur d'oxydation présente une densité de canaux suffisamment élevée pour réduire les émissions de monoxyde de carbone. [0009] Une telle ligne d'échappement présente cependant des inconvénients. En effet, une telle ligne d'échappement nécessite une grande quantité d'hydrocarbures imbrûlés pour régénérer le filtre à particules. Il est ensuite difficile d'oxyder toute cette quantité d'hydrocarbures imbrûlés sans que des odeurs ou des fumées soient détectables à l'échappement, ou alors un coûteux filtre à particules catalysé ou un catalyseur d'oxydation amont surdimensionné sont nécessaires. L'invention vise à résoudre un ou plusieurs de ces inconvénients. L'invention porte ainsi sur un dispositif de purification de gaz d'échappement, comprenant : un premier catalyseur comprenant un premier support délimitant des canaux d'écoulement de gaz d'échappement, les parois du premier support étant revêtues d'un matériau catalyseur d'oxydation ; un second catalyseur raccordé en aval du premier catalyseur et comprenant un second support délimitant des canaux d'écoulement de gaz d'échappement, les parois du deuxième support étant revêtues d'un matériau catalyseur d'oxydation, le second support présentant une densité de canaux supérieure à celle du premier support et les parois du second support présentant une épaisseur inférieure à celle des parois du premier support ; un filtre à particules raccordé en aval du second catalyseur. [0010] Selon une variante, le dispositif comprend en outre un dispositif d'injection de 20 carburant à l'échappement adapté pour injecter du carburant dans l'écoulement de gaz d'échappement entre les premier et deuxième catalyseurs. [0011] Selon encore une variante, le second support présente une densité de canaux par centimètre carré supérieure à 62, et de préférence comprise entre 77,5 et 108,5. 25 [0012] Selon une autre variante, les parois du second support présentent une épaisseur comprise entre 0,05 et 0,1 millimètres, et de préférence comprise entre 0,05 et 0,08 millimètres. [0013] Selon encore une autre variante, le second support comprend de la céramique. [0014] Selon une variante, le second support est réalisé en cordiérite. [0015] Selon encore une variante, le matériau catalyseur d'oxydation du second catalyseur comprend de l'alumine imprégnée de métaux précieux. [0016] Selon une autre variante, le second support a une forme de nid d'abeille. [0017] L'invention porte également sur un véhicule, comprenant un moteur Diesel muni d'un circuit d'échappement incluant un dispositif de purification de gaz d'échappement tel que décrit ci-dessus. [0018] Selon une variante, le véhicule comprend un dispositif de régénération du filtre à particules apte à accroître transitoirement la teneur en hydrocarbures imbrûlés 10 dans le second catalyseur. [0019] D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront clairement de la description qui en est faite ci-après, à titre indicatif et nullement limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels : 15 . la figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'une ligne d'échappement raccordée à un moteur diesel ; la figure 2 est une vue en coupe agrandie d'un catalyseur d'oxydation. [0020] L'invention propose un dispositif de purification de gaz échappement 20 comprenant d'amont en aval (la notion d'amont et d'aval étant définie par rapport au sens général d'écoulement des gaz d'échappement) des premiers et deuxième catalyseurs d'oxydation et un filtre à particules. Des supports forment des canaux d'écoulement dans les premier et deuxième catalyseurs. La densité de canaux d'écoulement du deuxième catalyseur est supérieure à celle du premier catalyseur.The invention relates to the purification of the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, and in particular the purification of diesel engine exhaust gases equipped with a particulate filter. [0002] The exhaust gases from internal combustion engines fitted to most motor vehicles contain a certain number of pollutants which it is desirable to reduce in the atmosphere (in particular nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, particulates and carbon dioxide). The regulations applicable to pollution by motor vehicles regularly lower the limits of acceptable discharges. A large part of the pollutants generated by an internal combustion engine is due to incomplete combustion of the fuel. A first strategy for reducing pollutant emissions is to reduce the amount of pollutants entering the exhaust line. A second strategy for reducing pollutant emissions is to carry out a post-treatment of gases passing through the exhaust line. To carry out a post-treatment, the vehicles are now equipped with a catalytic converter comprising: • in the case of so-called gasoline engines, equipped with a three-way catalyst, a catalytic oxidation function (to oxidize carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons) and a catalytic reduction function (to reduce nitrogen oxides) or in the case of so-called diesel engines, an oxidation catalyst (for oxidizing carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons) ). The oxidation catalyst consists of a housing mounted in the exhaust line. The housing encloses a support or substrate coated with an active material. The substrate generally consists of a honeycomb ceramic monolithic body forming channels to be traversed by the exhaust gases. The main components of the body are usually alumina or alumino-silicates doped with zirconia (cordierite, mullite, mullite-zirconia). The coating of active materials may be composed of combined precious metals such as platinum, palladium (for reducing CO / HC) and rhodium (for reducing NOx). Because diesel engines produce a greater amount of particles, the exhaust lines most often include a particle filter for trapping solid or liquid particles consisting essentially of soot or oil droplets. To prevent clogging of the particulate filter, it must be regenerated episodically by burning the trapped particles. Burning is achieved by increasing the temperature of the exhaust gas above 550 ° C. [0008] A regeneration technique of the particulate filter consists of injecting fuel during the expansion phase of the piston, so that the exhaust gases are transiently enriched with unburned fuel which can ignite in the exhaust line. As the average temperature of the exhaust gas is generally insufficient to cause this ignition, the particulate filter is generally disposed just downstream of the oxidation catalyst. Indeed, the oxidation catalyst oxidizes the unburned hydrocarbons by an exothermic reaction, which makes it possible to achieve the combustion of particles trapped by the particulate filter. To reduce carbon monoxide emissions, it is desirable to use an oxidation catalyst having a high channel density. However, an oxidation catalyst having a high channel density is easily clogged by particles from the engine. The patent application FR 2,890,108 describes an exhaust line comprising a first oxidation catalyst whose channel density is less than 500 cpsi (channels per square inch), a particulate filter connected to the outlet of the first catalytic converter. oxidation, and a second oxidation catalyst connected to the outlet of the particulate filter and whose channel density is greater than 800 cpsi. The first oxidation catalyst has a sufficiently low channel density not to be clogged by the particles, while the second oxidation catalyst has a sufficiently high channel density to reduce carbon monoxide emissions. Such an exhaust line, however, has drawbacks. Indeed, such an exhaust line requires a large amount of unburned hydrocarbons to regenerate the particulate filter. It is then difficult to oxidize all this unburned hydrocarbon without smells or fumes being detectable at the exhaust, or an expensive catalyzed particle filter or an oversized upstream oxidation catalyst are necessary. The invention aims to solve one or more of these disadvantages. The invention thus relates to an exhaust gas purification device, comprising: a first catalyst comprising a first support defining exhaust gas flow channels, the walls of the first support being coated with a catalyst material d oxidation; a second catalyst connected downstream of the first catalyst and comprising a second support defining exhaust gas flow channels, the walls of the second support being coated with an oxidation catalyst material, the second support having a density of channels; greater than that of the first support and the walls of the second support having a thickness less than that of the walls of the first support; a particulate filter connected downstream of the second catalyst. According to a variant, the device further comprises an exhaust fuel injection device adapted to inject fuel into the flow of exhaust gas between the first and second catalysts. According to another variant, the second support has a channel density per square centimeter greater than 62, and preferably between 77.5 and 108.5. According to another variant, the walls of the second support have a thickness of between 0.05 and 0.1 millimeters, and preferably between 0.05 and 0.08 millimeters. According to yet another variant, the second support comprises ceramics. According to a variant, the second support is made of cordierite. According to another variant, the oxidation catalyst material of the second catalyst comprises alumina impregnated with precious metals. According to another variant, the second support has a honeycomb shape. The invention also relates to a vehicle, comprising a diesel engine equipped with an exhaust system including an exhaust gas purification device as described above. According to one variant, the vehicle comprises a device for regenerating the particulate filter capable of temporarily increasing the unburned hydrocarbon content in the second catalyst. Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description which is given below, for information only and not limiting, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 15. Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an exhaust line connected to a diesel engine; Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view of an oxidation catalyst. The invention provides an exhaust gas purification device 20 comprising upstream and downstream (the concept of upstream and downstream being defined with respect to the general direction of exhaust gas flow) of the first and second oxidation catalysts and a particulate filter. Supports form flow channels in the first and second catalysts. The flow channel density of the second catalyst is greater than that of the first catalyst.

25 L'épaisseur de parois dans le deuxième catalyseur est inférieure à celle du premier catalyseur. [0021] Ainsi, le deuxième catalyseur présente un très bon rendement d'oxydation des hydrocarbures imbrûlés garantissant un niveau de rejet réduit et une bonne régénération du filtre à particules en aval, lors d'une hausse transitoire de la teneur en hydrocarbures imbrûlés. Par ailleurs, le premier catalyseur prémunit le deuxième catalyseur contre un bouchage par des particules de plus grande taille. En outre, un tel résultat est obtenu avec une structure simple et de coût réduit. [0022] La figure 1 représente un moteur à combustion interne diesel 1 muni d'un circuit d'échappement 2 comprenant des organes de post-traitement des gaz d'échappement. Un conduit 3 guide les gaz d'échappement issus du moteur 1 jusqu'à un premier catalyseur d'oxydation 4. Un second catalyseur d'oxydation 5 est raccordé dans le circuit d'échappement 2 en aval du catalyseur 4. Un filtre à particules 6 est raccordé dans le circuit d'échappement 2 en aval du catalyseur 5. [0023] Le premier catalyseur 4 est un catalyseur d'oxydation destiné notamment à oxyder certains rejets polluants. Le premier catalyseur 4 est également destiné à oxyder une partie des hydrocarbures imbrûlés et à être traversé par des particules grasses ou de grande taille. Le premier catalyseur 4 assèche ou fragmente ces particules par la réaction exothermique d'oxydation des hydrocarbures imbrûlés, ces particules ne risquant alors plus d'obturer le second catalyseur 5 en aval. Le premier catalyseur 4 comprend ainsi un premier support délimitant des canaux d'écoulement de gaz d'échappement à purifier. Le premier support peut être réalisé de façon connue en soi sous forme de nid-d'abeille en métal ou en céramique. Les parois du premier support sont revêtues d'un matériau catalyseur d'oxydation connu en soi. [0024] Le premier catalyseur 4 présentera par exemple une densité de canaux par centimètre carré au plus égale à 62 et présentera par exemple des épaisseurs de 25 parois comprises entre 0,1 mm et 0,175 mm. [0025] Le second catalyseur 5 est un catalyseur d'oxydation notamment destiné à réchauffer le filtre à particules 6 disposé en aval, pour conduire à sa régénération. Le second catalyseur 5 est destiné à oxyder la majeure partie des hydrocarbures imbrûlés traversant le circuit d'échappement, de façon à réaliser une réaction 30 exothermique de régénération et de façon à limiter les fumées et les rejets d'hydrocarbures imbrûlés. [0026] À cet effet, comme illustré à la figure 2, le second catalyseur 5 présente un second support délimitant des canaux d'écoulement 51 des gaz d'échappement. Les parois 52 du second support sont revêtues d'une couche 53 de matériau catalyseur d'oxydation. Le second support présente une densité de canaux supérieure à celle du premier support et ses parois ont une épaisseur inférieure à celle des parois du premier support. Ainsi, la surface d'échanges avec les hydrocarbures imbrûlés est optimisée, ce qui favorise la réaction exothermique d'oxydation. Ceci s'avère particulièrement avantageux lors d'une régénération du filtre à particules 6, généralement accompagnée d'un accroissement transitoire et délibéré de la quantité d'hydrocarbures imbrûlés traversant le second catalyseur 5. La combinaison des premier et deuxième catalyseurs 4 et 5 permet de réaliser un excellent rendement d'oxydation des hydrocarbures imbrûlés sans accroître la quantité de métaux précieux présente dans les revêtements de matériau d'oxydation. Ce rendement d'oxydation permet également d'éviter d'utiliser un filtre à particules catalysé, ce qui limite le coût du circuit d'échappement. [0027] Afin d'optimiser l'oxydation des hydrocarbures imbrûlés par augmentation de la surface d'échanges, le second support présente avantageusement une densité de canaux par centimètre carré supérieure à 62 (ce qui équivaut à 400 cpsi). Le second support présente de préférence une densité de canaux par centimètre carré comprise entre 77,5 et 108,5, cette densité étant de façon optimale égale à 93. [0028] Afin d'optimiser l'oxydation des hydrocarbures imbrûlés par augmentation de la surface d'échanges, le second support présente avantageusement des parois 52 présentant une épaisseur inférieure à 0,15 mm (6 millièmes de pouce), de préférence comprise entre 0,05mm (2 millièmes de pouce) et 0,1 mm (4 millièmes de pouce), et de façon optimale comprise entre 0,05 mm et 0,08 mm. [0029] Ces valeurs de densité et d'épaisseurs de parois permettent en outre de conserver une bonne résistance mécanique, ce qui facilite le conditionnement ou la mise en boîte du catalyseur 5. [0030] Le second support pourra être réalisé de façon monolithique et pourra 30 présenter une section en nid-d'abeille. Le second support sera avantageusement réalisé en céramique, notamment de la cordiérite. [0031] Dans le mode de réalisation illustré, un dispositif d'injection de carburant à l'échappement 7 est disposé de façon à injecter du carburant dans la jonction entre les catalyseurs 4 et 5. Lors d'une commande de régénération du filtre à particules, le dispositif 7 permettra d'augmenter transitoirement la quantité d'hydrocarbures imbrûlés traversant le catalyseur 5, et ainsi de réaliser la régénération du filtre à particules 6. D'autres modes de régénération du filtre à particules 6 peuvent également être envisagés, notamment en augmentant transitoirement la richesse du mélange dans le moteur 1, afin d'accroître la quantité d'hydrocarbures imbrûlés émis vers le catalyseur 5. [0032] Le second catalyseur 5 sera avantageusement placé à proximité du filtre à particules 6 afin d'optimiser le transfert de chaleur vers ce filtre 6 et ainsi sa régénération. [0033] La couche 53 de matériau d'oxydation est la phase active du catalyseur 5 et permet la conversion des polluants. Cette couche 53 peut-être une couche d'enduction. Cette couche 53 peut-être composé d'une couche d'alumine imprégnée de métaux précieux. Les métaux précieux pourront notamment être de façon connue en soi du platine et/ou du palladium. [0034] Le premier catalyseur 4 pourra être un pré-catalyseur monté dans le circuit d'échappement 2 à proximité du moteur 1, typiquement dans le compartiment moteur du véhicule. Le second catalyseur 5 pourra être un catalyseur monté dans le circuit d'échappement 2 à distance du moteur 1, typiquement sous le plancher du véhicule. [0035] Bien que non illustré, le circuit d'échappement 2 pourra comprendre un dispositif d'injection d'un additif d'aide à la régénération du filtre à particules. The wall thickness in the second catalyst is less than that of the first catalyst. Thus, the second catalyst has a very good oxidation performance of unburned hydrocarbons ensuring a reduced level of rejection and good regeneration of the downstream particulate filter, during a transient increase in the unburned hydrocarbon content. In addition, the first catalyst protects the second catalyst against clogging by larger particles. In addition, such a result is obtained with a simple structure and reduced cost. [0022] Figure 1 shows a diesel internal combustion engine 1 provided with an exhaust circuit 2 comprising exhaust gas aftertreatment members. A duct 3 guides the exhaust gases from the engine 1 to a first oxidation catalyst 4. A second oxidation catalyst 5 is connected in the exhaust circuit 2 downstream of the catalyst 4. A particulate filter 6 is connected in the exhaust circuit 2 downstream of the catalyst 5. The first catalyst 4 is an oxidation catalyst intended in particular to oxidize certain polluting discharges. The first catalyst 4 is also intended to oxidize a portion of unburned hydrocarbons and to be traversed by fat particles or large. The first catalyst 4 dries or fragments these particles by the exothermic reaction of oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons, these particles then not risking closing the second catalyst downstream. The first catalyst 4 thus comprises a first support defining exhaust gas flow channels to be purified. The first support can be produced in a manner known per se in the form of a honeycomb made of metal or ceramic. The walls of the first support are coated with an oxidation catalyst material known per se. The first catalyst 4 will for example have a density of channels per square centimeter at most equal to 62 and will have, for example, wall thicknesses of between 0.1 mm and 0.175 mm. The second catalyst 5 is an oxidation catalyst in particular for heating the particle filter 6 disposed downstream, to lead to its regeneration. The second catalyst 5 is intended to oxidize most of the unburned hydrocarbons passing through the exhaust system, so as to carry out an exothermic regeneration reaction and so as to limit fumes and unburned hydrocarbon discharges. For this purpose, as shown in Figure 2, the second catalyst 5 has a second support defining the flow channels 51 of the exhaust gas. The walls 52 of the second support are coated with a layer 53 of oxidation catalyst material. The second support has a higher channel density than the first support and its walls have a thickness less than that of the walls of the first support. Thus, the surface of exchanges with unburned hydrocarbons is optimized, which promotes the exothermic oxidation reaction. This is particularly advantageous during regeneration of the particulate filter 6, generally accompanied by a transient and deliberate increase in the amount of unburned hydrocarbons passing through the second catalyst 5. The combination of the first and second catalysts 4 and 5 allows to achieve excellent oxidation performance of unburned hydrocarbons without increasing the amount of precious metals present in the oxidation material coatings. This oxidation efficiency also makes it possible to avoid the use of a catalyzed particle filter, which limits the cost of the exhaust system. In order to optimize the oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons by increasing the exchange surface, the second support advantageously has a density of channels per square centimeter greater than 62 (which equals 400 cpsi). The second support preferably has a density of channels per square centimeter of between 77.5 and 108.5, this density being optimally equal to 93. In order to optimize the oxidation of the unburned hydrocarbons by increasing the exchange surface, the second support advantageously has walls 52 having a thickness less than 0.15 mm (6 thousandths of an inch), preferably between 0.05 mm (2 thousandths of an inch) and 0.1 mm (4 thousandths) inch), and optimally between 0.05 mm and 0.08 mm. These values of density and wall thicknesses also make it possible to maintain good mechanical strength, which facilitates packaging or canning of the catalyst 5. [0030] The second support may be made monolithically and may have a honeycomb section. The second support is advantageously made of ceramic, including cordierite. In the illustrated embodiment, an exhaust fuel injection device 7 is arranged to inject fuel into the junction between the catalysts 4 and 5. During a regeneration control of the filter to particles, the device 7 will temporarily increase the amount of unburned hydrocarbons passing through the catalyst 5, and thus achieve the regeneration of the particulate filter 6. Other modes of regeneration of the particulate filter 6 may also be considered, including transiently increasing the richness of the mixture in the engine 1, in order to increase the amount of unburned hydrocarbons emitted to the catalyst 5. The second catalyst 5 will advantageously be placed near the particulate filter 6 to optimize the transfer of heat to this filter 6 and thus its regeneration. The layer 53 of oxidation material is the active phase of the catalyst 5 and allows the conversion of pollutants. This layer 53 may be a coating layer. This layer 53 may be composed of a layer of alumina impregnated with precious metals. The precious metals may in particular be known per se platinum and / or palladium. The first catalyst 4 may be a pre-catalyst mounted in the exhaust circuit 2 near the engine 1, typically in the engine compartment of the vehicle. The second catalyst 5 may be a catalyst mounted in the exhaust circuit 2 away from the engine 1, typically under the floor of the vehicle. Although not illustrated, the exhaust circuit 2 may include a device for injecting an additive to aid the regeneration of the particulate filter.

Claims (10)

REVENDICATIONS1. Dispositif de purification de gaz d'échappement, comprenant : ^ un premier catalyseur (4) comprenant un premier support délimitant des canaux d'écoulement de gaz d'échappement, les parois du premier support étant revêtues d'un matériau catalyseur d'oxydation ; ^ un second catalyseur (5) raccordé en aval du premier catalyseur et comprenant un second support délimitant des canaux d'écoulement de gaz d'échappement, les parois (52) du deuxième support étant revêtues d'un matériau catalyseur d'oxydation (53), le second support présentant une densité de canaux supérieure à celle du premier support et les parois du second support présentant une épaisseur inférieure à celle des parois du premier support ; caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre un filtre à particules (6) raccordé en aval du second catalyseur (5). REVENDICATIONS1. An exhaust gas purification apparatus, comprising: a first catalyst (4) comprising a first support defining exhaust gas flow channels, the walls of the first support being coated with an oxidation catalyst material; a second catalyst (5) connected downstream of the first catalyst and comprising a second support defining exhaust gas flow channels, the walls (52) of the second support being coated with an oxidation catalyst material (53); ), the second support having a higher channel density than the first support and the walls of the second support having a thickness less than that of the walls of the first support; characterized in that it further comprises a particulate filter (6) connected downstream of the second catalyst (5). 2. Dispositif de purification de gaz d'échappement selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre un dispositif (7) d'injection de carburant à l'échappement adapté pour injecter du carburant dans l'écoulement de gaz d'échappement entre les premier et deuxième catalyseurs. An exhaust gas purification device according to claim 1, further comprising an exhaust fuel injection device (7) adapted to inject fuel into the exhaust gas flow between the first and second second catalysts. 3. Dispositif de purification de gaz d'échappement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le second support présente une densité de canaux par centimètre carré supérieure à 62, et de préférence comprise entre 77,5 et 108, 5. An exhaust gas purification device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second support has a channel density per square centimeter greater than 62, and preferably from 77.5 to 108.5. 4. Dispositif de purification de gaz d'échappement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les parois du second support présentent une épaisseur comprise entre 0,05 et 0,1 millimètres, et de préférence comprise entre 0,05 et 0,08 millimètres. 4. exhaust gas purification device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the walls of the second support have a thickness between 0.05 and 0.1 millimeters, and preferably between 0.05 and 0 , 08 millimeters. 5. Dispositif de purification de gaz d'échappement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le second support comprend de la céramique. An exhaust gas purification device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second support comprises ceramic. 6. Dispositif de purification de gaz d'échappement selon la revendication 5, dans lequel le second support est réalisé en cordiérite. 6. Exhaust purification device according to claim 5, wherein the second support is made of cordierite. 7. Dispositif de purification de gaz d'échappement selon la revendication 5, dans 40 lequel le matériau catalyseur d'oxydation du second catalyseur (5) comprend de l'alumine imprégnée de métaux précieux.35 7. The exhaust gas purifying device of claim 5, wherein the oxidation catalyst material of the second catalyst (5) comprises alumina impregnated with precious metals. 8. Dispositif de purification de gaz échappement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le second support a une forme de nid d'abeille. 8. Exhaust gas purification device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second support has a honeycomb shape. 9. Véhicule, comprenant un moteur Diesel (1) muni d'un circuit d'échappement (2) incluant un dispositif de purification de gaz d'échappement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes. 10 9. Vehicle, comprising a diesel engine (1) provided with an exhaust system (2) including an exhaust gas purification device according to any one of the preceding claims. 10 10. Véhicule selon la revendication 9, comprenant un dispositif de régénération (7) du filtre à particules apte à accroître transitoirement la teneur en hydrocarbures imbrûlés dans le second catalyseur.5 10. Vehicle according to claim 9, comprising a regeneration device (7) of the particulate filter capable of transiently increasing the unburnt hydrocarbon content in the second catalyst.
FR0854578A 2008-07-04 2008-07-04 DEVICE FOR PURIFYING EXHAUST GAS Expired - Fee Related FR2933448B1 (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3012182A1 (en) * 1979-04-03 1980-10-23 Engelhard Min & Chem Two=stage catalytic conVersion of exhaust gases - with wider gas passages in upstream than in downstream converter
WO1992002716A1 (en) * 1990-08-06 1992-02-20 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Monolithic metal honeycomb body with varying number of channels
WO2001092695A1 (en) * 2000-06-02 2001-12-06 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Catalyst support body comprising a protective zone
WO2006066043A1 (en) * 2004-12-15 2006-06-22 Donaldson Company, Inc. Control for an engine exhaust treatment system
FR2890108A1 (en) * 2005-08-29 2007-03-02 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Exhaust gas purification and exhaust line for e.g. oil engine of motor vehicle, has catalytic converter placed downstream of particulate filter and comprising substrate presenting high channel density
FR2897642A1 (en) * 2006-02-20 2007-08-24 Renault Sas Particle filter regenerating method for exhaust line of e.g. turbocharged diesel type heat engine, involves injecting fuel into exhaust tube by forming conical fuel spray whose point angle is in order of specific degrees

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3012182A1 (en) * 1979-04-03 1980-10-23 Engelhard Min & Chem Two=stage catalytic conVersion of exhaust gases - with wider gas passages in upstream than in downstream converter
WO1992002716A1 (en) * 1990-08-06 1992-02-20 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Monolithic metal honeycomb body with varying number of channels
WO2001092695A1 (en) * 2000-06-02 2001-12-06 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Catalyst support body comprising a protective zone
WO2006066043A1 (en) * 2004-12-15 2006-06-22 Donaldson Company, Inc. Control for an engine exhaust treatment system
FR2890108A1 (en) * 2005-08-29 2007-03-02 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Exhaust gas purification and exhaust line for e.g. oil engine of motor vehicle, has catalytic converter placed downstream of particulate filter and comprising substrate presenting high channel density
FR2897642A1 (en) * 2006-02-20 2007-08-24 Renault Sas Particle filter regenerating method for exhaust line of e.g. turbocharged diesel type heat engine, involves injecting fuel into exhaust tube by forming conical fuel spray whose point angle is in order of specific degrees

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