EP1580834B1 - System und Verfahren zur dynamischen Kontrolle der Bandbreite einer Antenne, zugehöriges Telefon - Google Patents

System und Verfahren zur dynamischen Kontrolle der Bandbreite einer Antenne, zugehöriges Telefon Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1580834B1
EP1580834B1 EP05102363A EP05102363A EP1580834B1 EP 1580834 B1 EP1580834 B1 EP 1580834B1 EP 05102363 A EP05102363 A EP 05102363A EP 05102363 A EP05102363 A EP 05102363A EP 1580834 B1 EP1580834 B1 EP 1580834B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching
antenna
impedance
module
dynamic control
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP05102363A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1580834A1 (de
Inventor
Fernando Romao
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Apple Inc
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Apple Inc
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
    • H01Q5/335—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors at the feed, e.g. for impedance matching

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a technique for dynamically controlling the width of the bandwidth of an antenna.
  • antennas used in mobile phones suffer from miniaturization and the diversity of functions integrated in them.
  • the space available for the antennas is reduced.
  • the losses of the antenna of a mobile for which the volume of the antenna is restricted are typically at the end of the GSM band ("Global System for Mobile Communications” or global system of mobile communications) of 2 dB, and losses at the end of the DCS band ("Digital Communication System”) and PCS ("Personal Communications Services”) between 1.7 dB and 3 dB.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • DCS Digital Communication System
  • PCS Personal Communications Services
  • FIG. 1 An example of a known switching system within the antenna is shown schematically on the figure 1 .
  • Two switching elements for example in the form of impedances L, are placed between two radiating surfaces 1 and 2 of an antenna of a mobile telephone. Depending on the frequency of use of the antenna, the impedances L connect or not the two radiating surfaces 1 and 2 and thus switch within the antenna.
  • Other switching elements are of course known, and combine capacitors and / or diodes with inductances.
  • the quality factor Q of the components is essential.
  • the gain of the switching system of the figure 1 is -3 dBiso for an impedance L equal to 10 nh and having a quality factor Q of 80, while the gain is -4 dBiso for an impedance L equal to 10 nh and having a quality factor Q of 50.
  • Such a system thus comprises a transmitting / receiving antenna 3 connected to a transmitter / receiver module 4 in which all the digital and radio elements of a telephone are present.
  • the module 4 thus comprises a reception channel output RX of a GSM band, an output of a GSM TX transmission line, and for example an output of a reception channel RX of a DCS band and an output of TX DCS transmission chain.
  • Other bands can of course be provided in addition to the band or in replacement of the DCS band, such as a PCS band for example.
  • Switching means 41 controlled by control means 42 make it possible to switch between impedance matching circuits.
  • an RX GSM impedance matching circuit 43 is connected between the switching means 41 and the output 47
  • a GSM TX impedance matching circuit 44 is connected between the switching means 41 and the output 48
  • an RX DCS impedance matching circuit 45 is connected between the switching means 41 and the output 49
  • a TX DCS impedance matching circuit 46 is connected between the switching means 41 and the output 50. shows it figure 4 all these means are included in the transceiver module 4.
  • the output impedance of the module 4 is substantially equal to 50 ⁇ at this point.
  • Module 4 in particular the front module, depends on the antenna 3 used.
  • the switching means 41 are generally characterized at 50 ⁇ as well, which also introduces losses in the gain of the antenna 3.
  • the invention proposes to overcome at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • One of the aims of the invention is to propose a technique for controlling the bandwidth of an antenna which allows a reduction in the dimensions of the antenna while retaining acceptable performances in terms of efficiency and bandwidth.
  • One of the aims of the invention is to propose a technique for controlling the bandwidth of an antenna which makes it possible to adapt the impedances on the reception and transmission channels RX and TX when the characteristic of the antenna is too far from 50 ⁇ .
  • One of the aims of the invention is to propose a technique for controlling the bandwidth of an antenna which makes it possible to have a point at 50 ⁇ which is common to all the frequency bands.
  • one of the aims of the invention is to propose a technique for controlling the bandwidth of an antenna which makes it possible to insert a connector for an access to the standard transmitter / receiver module comprising a baseband and a radio frequency band. to an external antenna.
  • One of the aims of the invention is also to propose a technique for controlling the bandwidth of an antenna that makes it possible to define a single control point in the manufacture and during the recipe checks at the operators
  • customer application and / or front end manufacturers including a power amplifier and a switch module to manufacture standard modules independent of the customer application.
  • One of the aims of the invention is to propose a bandwidth control technique that makes it possible to adapt a transmitter / receiver module comprising a baseband and a radio frequency band from one mobile telephone to the other.
  • the invention proposes a system according to claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a telephone and a method of implementing the system.
  • the invention particularly has the advantage of extending the bandwidth of the antenna of a mobile phone in multiband configuration.
  • the figure 3 shows a schematic diagram.
  • the inventor has realized that by associating a relatively simple impedance switching system 6 directly in series with the attack point B of a multiband antenna 3 (in the driven domain) and at the output A of a transmitter / receiver module 4, it was possible to extend the bandwidth of the antenna 3.
  • the principle is simple and makes it possible to extend the bandwidth of a multiband antenna 3 from an antenna having characteristics of insufficient bandwidth for a given application.
  • the switching system 6 placed between points A and B makes it possible to switch between at least two band modes.
  • Each band mode corresponds to a state corresponding to the series connection of an impedance between said antenna 3 and said module 4.
  • the first band mode is shown schematically at the Figure 4A .
  • the impedance between the points A and B is zero and the frequency-dependent losses diagram is for example that in solid line on the figure 5 .
  • the second band mode is shown schematically at the Figure 4B .
  • the impedance between points A and B is equal to an adaptation impedance Z and the frequency loss diagram is that in dashed lines on the figure 5 .
  • the loss diagram is shifted in the frequency domain (frequency shifting phenomenon). It is thus possible to improve the performance of the antenna 3 as a function of the frequency of use.
  • the impedance Z varies as a function of the frequency of use of the antenna 3.
  • the impedance Z is equal to a first value Z 1 for the equal frequency value f 1 and Z is a second value Z 2 for the value of equal frequency f 2 .
  • the figure 6 shows a first possible schematic example of a switching system 6.
  • the system 6 is thus mainly composed of an active switching element 61 that can be switched on or off between the module 4 and the antenna 3, the passive impedance Z being composed, for its part, of an inductor 62 mounted in a series of a capacitor 63, the inductor 62 and the capacitor 63 being connected in parallel with the active element 61 at the points A and B.
  • the active element is an active diode 61.
  • the active diode 61 is of the PIN diode type (semiconductor configuration: P-layer - intrinsic layer - n-layer).
  • the diode 61 in the off state, is equivalent to a capacitance of 0.2 pF in parallel with a resistance of 10 k ⁇ . It thus materializes an approximate infinite impedance.
  • the diode 61 In the on state, is equivalent to a resistance of 0.3 ⁇ in series with an inductance of 0.4 nh. It thus materializes an approximate short circuit.
  • the active diode 61 may be replaced by any other device capable of switching between a short circuit and an open circuit for signals of the type considered.
  • the diode 61 may be replaced by a field effect transistor, or a miniature electromechanical switch in MEMS technology ("micro-electronic mechanical system").
  • Table 1 gives examples of digital applications for values of the impedance Z A of the antenna 3 for a GSM band on the RX chain in the case of the figure 6 , the diode 61 being busy.
  • the TOS is the Stationary Wave Rate of the antenna and characterizes the distance of the characteristic of the antenna from the ideal value of 50 ⁇ . The closer the TOS is to - ⁇ , the better the antenna is.
  • Table 1 Frequency f (MHz) Impedance Z A TOS (dB) Losses (dB) 925 27 ⁇ + 2.3 nh -9.4 0.5 948 20 ⁇ + 6.5 nh -4.26 2 960 21 ⁇ + 8.8 nh -3.3 2.7
  • FIGS 7A to 7E show several possible choices for Z, the choice being made according to the different bands.
  • the Figure 7A represents a capacitance in parallel with an inductance connected in series with a capacitance
  • the Figure 7B represents a series inductance with a capacitance
  • the Figure 7C represents an inductance connected in parallel with a capacitance, the mounting being in series with an inductor
  • the Figure 7D represents a series inductance with a capacitance
  • the figure 7E represents an inductance connected in parallel with a capacitance.
  • Table 3 shows the equivalent electrical characteristics of each Z as a function of the usage band.
  • the impedance Z is equivalent to a capacitance when the antenna 3 comprises a parasitic inductive element and that Z is equivalent to an inductance when the antenna 3 comprises a parasitic capacitive element.
  • Z compensates as well always the parasitic behavior of the antenna 3 for a given frequency, so that the TOS and the losses are the lowest possible.
  • the width of the bandwidth of the antenna is thus dynamically controlled.
  • the figure 8 schematically shows a complete possible example of a switch having a switching system 6.
  • the system 6 is connected, as on the figures 3 and 6 for example, between the transmitter / receiver module 4 and the antenna 3.
  • the connection between the system 6 and the module 4 is embodied by the point 5, which is the common point at 50 ⁇ of all the frequency bands.
  • the connection between the system 6 and the antenna 3 is materialized as for it by the pole 8.
  • the telephone further comprises means 7 forming a central processor defining the switching strategy of the active element 61, preferably the active diode 61, in communication.
  • the means 7 thus comprise memory means able to store a switching program of the active diode 61 and microprocessor means for implementing the program.
  • the switching strategy of the active diode 61 is thus predefined in the switching program and depends on the frequency and the communication cycle (transmission phase, reception or monitoring).
  • the connection between the system 6 and the means 7 is effected by a pole referenced by 9.
  • the means 7 also control, through a link 68, means 41 for switching the different channels (RX, TX and monitoring) of the different GSM / DCS / PCS bands of the telephone.
  • the means 41 for switching the different channels are similar to the means referenced 41 on the figure 1 .
  • the control of the band switching means 41 is performed in synchronism with the control of the switching system 6 of the active diode 61.
  • the system 6 is also connected to the mass of the telephone thanks to the pole 10.
  • the impedance Z and the active diode 61 are connected in parallel with each other between the points A and B.
  • the point A is connected to the point 5 and the point B is connected to the point 8.
  • a capacitor 66 is connected between the pole 10 and a terminal 67 internal to the system 6.
  • a control resistor 65 is connected between the point 67 and the pole 9.
  • a choke inductor 64 is connected between point 67 and point A.
  • the control voltage of the diode arriving at the pole 9 is 3 V for the on state and 0 V for the blocked state. There is indeed no harmonic generated.
  • the switching program can set that the active diode 61 can be locked in TX as well.
  • the control voltage arriving at the pole 9 is this time 3 V for the on state and -20 / -30 V for the off state. This avoids the creation of harmonics.
  • the control signal may also be a control current.
  • the control signal arriving at the pole 9 thus controls the opening or closing of the diode 61 according to the frequency of use and the communication cycle (TX transmission, RX reception or monitoring).
  • the command is thus dynamic.
  • the switching of the diode 61 from one state to another takes place during the phases of radio inactivity of the telephone, and in a very short time (of the order of a few tens of microseconds) according to the predefined strategy in the means 7.
  • the figure 9 shows a possible embodiment of a switch according to the invention.
  • the device is similar to that of the figure 8 and items are not included for clarity.
  • the difference in the embodiment of the figure 9 compared to the example of the figure 8 is that the impedance Z is variable.
  • the value of the impedance Z is set by the control means 7 by means of a link 69.
  • the means 7 thus control the value of the impedance Z at the same time as the state of the active diode 61 for optimized use of the the antenna.
  • the invention has the advantage of allowing dynamic control of the bandwidth of the antenna through a simple device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. System zum Steuern der Breite des Durchlässigkeitsbereichs einer Antenne (3) eines Mobiltelefons mit einem Sende-/Empfangsmodul (4) und einem System (6) zum Schalten einer Impedanz mit einem aktiven Schaltelement (61), das in der Lage ist, zwischen mindestens zwei Schaltzuständen zu schalten, wobei das Schaltsystem (6) durch dynamische Steuermittel (7) gesteuert ist, die Speichermittel, die in der Lage sind, ein Schaltprogramm des Schaltsystems (6) zu speichern, und einen Mikroprozessor bildende Mittel aufweisen, die eine Durchführung des Programms ermöglichen, wobei ein passierender oder blockierter Zustand des aktiven Elements (61) durch die dynamischen Mittel (7) gesteuert ist, wobei das aktive Element (61) parallel zu einer Adaptationsimpedanz (Z) geschaltet ist, wobei jeder Schaltzustand der Serienschaltung einer Impedanz zwischen der Antenne (3) und dem Modul (4) entspricht, wobei das aktive Element (61) eine aktive Diode ist und die Adaptationsimpedanz (Z) eine variable Impedanz ist, deren Wert durch die dynamischen Steuermittel (7) gesteuert ist.
  2. System nach Anspruch 1, bei welchem das aktive Element (61) in der Lage ist, zwischen einem ersten Zustand, in welchem die Antenne (3) direkt mit dem Modul (4) verbunden ist, und einem zweiten Zustand, in welchem die Adaptationsimpedanz (Z) zwischen die Antenne (3) und das Modul (4) seriell geschaltet ist, zu schalten.
  3. System nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei welchem das Schaltsystem (6) mindestens einen Pol zum Verbinden mit der Masse des Telefons, einen Pol zum Verbinden mit der Antenne (3), einen Pol zum Verbinden mit dem Sende-/Empfangsmodul (4), und einen Pol zum Verbinden mit den dynamischen Steuermitteln (7) aufweist, der in der Lage ist, eine Steuerspannung oder einen Steuerstrom zu empfangen.
  4. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei welchem das Modul (4) Multiband-Schaltmittel (41) aufweist.
  5. System nach Anspruch 4, bei welchem die Multiband-Schaltmittel (41) durch die dynamischen Schaltmittel (7) gesteuert sind.
  6. Mobiltelefon mit mindestens einer Antenne (3) und einem Sende-/Empfangsmodul (4), welches mindestens ein Steuersystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 aufweist.
  7. Verfahren zum Steuern der Breite des Durchlässigkeitsbereichs einer Antenne (3) eines Mobiltelefons mit einem Sende-/Empfangsmodul (4), umfassend einen Schritt des dynamischen Steuerns eines Systems (6) zum Schalten einer Impedanz, das ein aktives Schaltelement (61) aufweist, durch dynamische Steuermittel (7), die Speichermittel, die in der Lage sind, ein Schaltprogramm des Schaltsystems (6) zu speichern, und einen Mikroprozessor bildende Mittel aufweisen, die die Durchführung des Programms zum Schalten des Schaltsystems (6) zwischen mindestens zwei Schaltzuständen ermöglichen, wobei ein passierender oder blockierter Zustand des aktiven Elements (61) durch die dynamischen Steuermittel (7) gesteuert ist, wobei das aktive Element (61) parallel zu einer Adaptationsimpedanz (Z) geschaltet ist, wobei das Verfahren weiterhin einen Schritt des Steuerns der Multiband-Schaltmittel (41) des Moduls (4) synchron mit dem Schaltsystem (6), wobei jeder Schaltzustand der Serienschaltung einer Impedanz zwischen der Antenne (3) und dem Modul (4) entspricht, und einen Schritt des Steuerns eines Wertes der Adaptationsimpedanz (Z), die eine variable Impedanz ist, durch die dynamischen Steuermittel (7) umfasst.
EP05102363A 2004-03-25 2005-03-23 System und Verfahren zur dynamischen Kontrolle der Bandbreite einer Antenne, zugehöriges Telefon Expired - Fee Related EP1580834B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0403067A FR2868215B1 (fr) 2004-03-25 2004-03-25 Systeme et procede de commande dynamique de la largeur de la bande passante d'une antenne, telephone associe
FR0403067 2004-03-25

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EP1580834A1 EP1580834A1 (de) 2005-09-28
EP1580834B1 true EP1580834B1 (de) 2012-09-19

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EP (1) EP1580834B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2396132T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2868215B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO328610B1 (no) * 2008-05-08 2010-03-29 Comrod As Overforingsenhet for radiofrekvenssignal og fremgangsmate for alternativt a anvende en elektrisk antenne eller en magnetisk antenne med en klassisk antennetuner

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0813311A2 (de) * 1996-06-12 1997-12-17 Nec Corporation Schaltsystem für Antenneanpassungsschaltungen in einem tragbaren TDMA Telefon

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5923297A (en) * 1998-05-06 1999-07-13 Ericsson Inc. Retractable antenna system with switchable impedance matching
JP2001077719A (ja) * 1999-09-07 2001-03-23 Nec Saitama Ltd アンテナ・インピーダンス変化の補償可能な携帯電話機
JP2002314453A (ja) * 2001-04-10 2002-10-25 Nec Saitama Ltd アンテナ整合回路切替機能付き携帯電話機

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0813311A2 (de) * 1996-06-12 1997-12-17 Nec Corporation Schaltsystem für Antenneanpassungsschaltungen in einem tragbaren TDMA Telefon

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FR2868215B1 (fr) 2009-02-20
FR2868215A1 (fr) 2005-09-30
EP1580834A1 (de) 2005-09-28
ES2396132T3 (es) 2013-02-19

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