EP1580398B1 - Apparatus and method for subsoil construction - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for civil engineering, in which a tool is lowered and thereby guided by means of a telescopic linkage, which has an outer rod, in which at least one inner rod is slidably received.

The invention further relates to a device for civil engineering with a mast and a telescopic linkage disposed thereon, at one end of a tool is attachable, wherein the telescopic linkage has an outer rod, in which at least one inner rod is slidably received.

A generic prior art, for example, from the EP 0 947 664 A out. Herein is described a telescoping drill string, which is also known as a so-called kelly linkage. In an outer tube, which is connected to a rotary drive on a mast, a plurality of inner rods are arranged telescopically. At the innermost telescopic rod at the bottom of a drilling tool is attached. The first telescopic rod is still connected to a crane rope through which the innermost rod and all other rods can be lowered down.

The telescopic length is limited in this known system by the diameter of the outer tube. The diameter of the outer tube in turn can not be increased arbitrarily, since this must be taken in the rotary drive.

From BE-A-883270 a telescopic linkage with an inner rod and an outer rod is known in which a tool is mounted below a lower end of the outer rod.

The invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus and a suitable telescopic linkage, which can be achieved with a further reliable leadership and larger processing depths.

The object is achieved by a telescopic rod with the features of claim 1 and a method having the features of claim 3 and a device having the features of claim 12. Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the respective dependent claims.

In the method according to the invention it is provided that the tool is mounted on the outer rod and is lowered with this and that initially with the outer rod only an inner rod is lowered, which is then pulled by means of a slidably guided on the mast carriage element from the outer rod.

A basic idea of the invention is based on the one that the tool is directly attached to the outer rod and the outer rod is lowered with the tool. It is thus achieved a reverse telescoping movement as in a conventional Kelly bar. Thus, the inner narrow telescopic rod remains at the top, so that regardless of the length of the telescopic linkage readily a connection to a rotary drive or other drive can be made. Depending on the desired length, an almost arbitrary number of inner rods can be provided by appropriate enlargement of the lowerable outer tube. The outer rod can be hung on a crane rope, which receives the weight of the entire rod and an attached tool, such as a drilling tool or a milling cutter.

In addition, the invention provides a special telescoping, in which first the outer rod is lowered to a predetermined depth. It is then by means of a special carriage element one or more inner rods pulled out to the top. For this purpose, the carriage element itself can be moved via a separate winch on the mast or via a rack drive or a similar drive. The pull-out movement can also take place along the mast, which ensures good guidance of the telescopic linkage.

To produce a stable linkage, it is provided according to the invention that the inner rod is pulled out of the outer rod up to a locking position, in which the outer rod is rigidly connected to the adjacent inner rod, and that the outer rod and the inner rod rigidly connected thereto are further lowered. The locking can be done by suitable locking means, such as bolts or locking locks.

A preferred development of the invention is that for further lowering of the rigidly connected to the outer rod inner rod at least one further inner rod is pulled out by the carriage member to the locking position and rigidly connected and that the steps of lowering, pulling out and connecting optionally be repeated so long until the telescopic linkage is extended. By this procedure, a particularly long telescopic rod can be pulled out reliably.

A further preferred embodiment is that a piecewise lowering takes place in each case up to a defined pulling position, on which then one or more inner rods are pulled out by means of the carriage. It is particularly preferred that the pulling position above a soil surface, in particular in the lower region of the mast, is provided. Thus, the one or more inner rods can be locked respectively in the extended position above the ground. The close tolerance region of the joint will not be contaminated by any existing suspension in a drilling or milling hole created or by sand and gravel from the soil. This ensures a dimensionally accurate locking and protects the precisely machined Guiding and locking areas of the individual bar elements.

For reliable telescoping of the rods, it is inventively provided that the carriage member is brought to process the outer and / or inner rod with this. For this purpose, the carriage element may have a gripping or holding device which engages positively and / or non-positively in corresponding gripping regions on the respective rod.

In principle, the lifting and lowering of the civil engineering tool arranged on the telescopic linkage can in principle be effected exclusively by way of a carrying cable by means of a cable winch on the device. But according to the invention it is also possible that the carriage element is used during lowering and lifting of the tool. As a result, larger forces can be achieved in addition to the winch of the carriage element and a total of a higher processing speed.

The rigid connection between the individual rod elements can be done in the simplest way by hand, such as using screw or socket pin. However, for an efficient method implementation, it is according to the invention that a production and / or release of the rigid connection of the telescopic linkage takes place automatically. For this purpose, hydraulically or pneumatically adjustable retaining bolts can be provided, or semi-automatic latching devices which automatically assume a latching position when a latching position is reached, for example by an applied spring force.

Another preferred method embodiment is that the telescopic rod is rotated, in particular driven in rotation. A rotation about a defined angle of rotation is useful, for example, in the manufacture of slot walls by means of diaphragm wall grippers. In addition, the telescopic linkage can also be used to drive augers, in which the telescopic linkage via a rotary drive on the mast is rotated to transfer the drilling torque to the tool.

In the device according to the invention it is provided that the outer rod is connectable to the tool and that on the mast, a slide member is slidably guided, which is designed for holding and moving the at least one inner rod relative to the outer rod. With this device, the above-described ancestor can be performed with the advantages mentioned. In particular, a reliable telescoping can be achieved even at large processing depths.

According to the invention, the carriage element may have a gripping device for gripping and / or holding the rods. The gripping device may for example comprise a hydraulically or pneumatically operated collet for positive and / or non-positive gripping of the rods or only a simple stop ring.

A particularly economical embodiment of the invention is that the tool is suspended with the telescopic rod on a rope. The rope can be operated via a winch, which is arranged and driven for example on a mast carrying the carriage. Such a cable drive is located on most conventional construction machines. With these high forces can be achieved even at high processing depths.

If the tool to be operated with the telescopic linkage itself has one or more drives, as is the case, for example, with a trench cutter for the cutting wheel drive or a trench wall grab, which require a hydraulic or electrical energy supply, it is provided according to the invention that a hose feed with at least a Schlauchumlenkrolle is provided, which is guided displaceably on the mast. By arranging one or more hose deflection rollers can be along the mast Reliably arrange larger hose lengths, so as to ensure a clean hose feed for energy transmission even at larger machining depths.

The drill pipe can be used for a wide variety of tools, including measuring tools. According to the invention it is preferred that the tool is a milling cutter, a gripper or a drilling tool.

For rotating or rotating the tool, it is according to the invention that a rotary drive is provided for rotating the telescopic linkage. The rotary drive is usually arranged on the mast and surrounds the telescopic rod.

In particular, for the above-described device, a Te-telescopic linkage is provided with an outer rod and one or more inner rods, which are adjustable between a retracted position and an extended position, in which the rods are connected to each other via connecting portions. In such a telescopic linkage is provided that are arranged on the connecting portions locking elements. The locking elements may be plug or bolt as a simple design. In addition, bolts can also be operated semi-automatically or fully automatically.

For a cost-effective production of the individual rod elements, it is provided according to the invention that the connection areas is arranged at the free ends of the rods and that only the connection areas are processed for guiding and position positioning. So simple steel pipe elements can be used, which do not have to be worked over the full length. Instead, mechanical processing takes place only on the inside and / or outside at the end regions of the rods. In these areas, a good and very precise machining is possible without major expense. Overall, a play-free connection between the rods can be achieved.

In principle, rod elements made of solid shell material or struts having lightweight components with a wide variety of cross-sectional formats, in particular round or rectangular cross-sections, can be used as rod elements. According to the invention, a preferred embodiment is that rods are closed tubes and that sealing elements are arranged at the connection areas. The arrangement of sealing elements on the locking areas in conjunction with a locking of the rod elements outside the wellbore in a clean environment, penetration of water, support suspensions or soil materials can be reliably prevented in the interior of the telescopic boom. Within the telescopic linkage so sensitive lines for energy supply or data transmission can be arranged. As a result, the maintenance and cleaning effort for the telescopic boom during operation can be drastically reduced.

Fig. 1

eine Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Tiefbau mit einem Raupenfahrzeug;

Fig. 2

eine schematische Darstellung von verschiedenen Arbeitsschritten bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Tiefbauverfahren;

Fig. 3

eine schematische Darstellung von verschiedenen Arbeitsschritten beim Absenken eines Werkzeugs nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens;

Fig. 4

eine schematische Seitendarstellung von verschiedenen Arbeitsschritten beim Heben eines Werkzeuges nach der Erfindung;

Fig. 5

eine schematische Querschnittsansicht von Verbindungsbereichen eines erfindungsgemäßen Teleskopgestänges; und

Fig. 6

eine schematische Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform von Verbindungsbereichen des Teleskopgestänges nach der Erfindung.

The invention will be further described by means of preferred embodiments, which are schematically illustrated in the drawings. In the drawings show:

Fig. 1

a side view of a device according to the invention for civil engineering with a tracked vehicle;

Fig. 2

a schematic representation of various steps in a civil engineering method according to the invention;

Fig. 3

a schematic representation of various steps in lowering a tool according to another embodiment of the method according to the invention;

Fig. 4

a schematic side view of various steps in lifting a tool according to the invention;

Fig. 5

a schematic cross-sectional view of connecting portions of a telescopic linkage according to the invention; and

Fig. 6

a schematic side view of another embodiment of connecting portions of the telescopic boom according to the invention.

Concerning a device according to the invention for civil engineering 10 according to Fig. 1 a mast 12 is pivotally supported on a caterpillar vehicle 14. The mast 12 can be pivoted in a known manner via an actuating cylinder arrangement from the illustrated approximately vertical working position to an approximately horizontal position, in which preferably a transport can take place. Approximately parallel to the mast 12 is held in rope 22 a telescopic rod 50 with a tool 5. In the illustrated embodiment, the tool 5 is a trench cutter with a total of four cutting wheels. The force for raising and lowering the tool 5 is applied via the cable 22 by means of the winch 24 arranged on the tracked vehicle 14. An energy supply for the hydraulic drives of the tool 5 via a schematically indicated hydraulic hose 26, which is tracked by a Schlauchumlenkrolle 30 at the upper end of the mast 12 by a hose reel 28. The hose reel 28 is mounted on the tracked vehicle 14 and is driven by a separate motor.

At the lower end of the mast 12, an approximately sleeve-shaped rotary drive 20 is attached, which serves for the rotation of the telescopic rod 50 and the tool 5 attached thereto. Next, a slide member 16 is slidably guided with a gripping device 18 on the mast 12. Instead of the rotary drive 20 may be provided a simple sleeve-shaped holder. The displacement movement is generated by a not-shown slide cable by means of a winch drive not shown for the carriage cable, which is guided over a lower slide roller 17a and an upper slide roller 17b. The carriage member 16 is used for undressing and Pulling the telescopic rod 50, which is closer in the Fig. 2 to 4 is shown and described.

Fig. 2 shows a highly schematic of an inventive method and a device according to the invention, wherein a supply of the hydraulic hose 26 takes place without a hose reel. For hose supply a total of three hose deflection rollers are provided. The first hose deflection roller 30a is fixed to the upper end of the inner inner rod 80, while the second Schlauchumlenkrolle 30b is supported at the lower end of the mast. The third hose deflection roller 30c is displaceably guided along the mast, whereby its adjustment ensures a tight guidance of the hydraulic hose 26.

At the beginning of the procedure, which is on the left side of Fig. 2 is shown, the tool 5 is lowered together with the retracted telescopic rod 50 and the carriage member 16 in the direction of the bottom to produce a first stage of a slot to a predetermined pulling position. This position is in the second illustration of Fig. 2 clarified. Subsequently, the telescopic rod 50 is pulled out in a first step, wherein from an outer rod 60, at the lower end of the tool 5 is fixed, the other inner rods are extended by means of the carriage member 16. Subsequently, the telescopic linkage thus extended can be lowered to the position according to the fourth figure from the left into the ground until the carriage member 16 again reaches its pulling position. Now, the inner inner rod 80 is pulled out by means of the carriage member 16 from the intermediate inner rod 70, wherein the telescopic rod 50 has reached its maximum length in this embodiment. Now, the thus extended telescopic rod 50 can up to its maximum depth according to the right figure of Fig. 2 be lowered. At the telescopic linkage 50 of Fig. 2 So in total two inner rods 70, 80 are arranged in the outer rod 60. Such a telescopic rod 50 is also called zweachtel telescope.

In Fig. 3 is shown in a corresponding schematic illustration, the lowering of a tool with a simple telescoping drill string. In this case, the outer rod carrying the tool is merely an inner rod, which, however, has approximately twice the length of the outer rod. Here, the structure and the telescoping is significantly simplified, but according to the left figure of Fig. 3 a larger height in the initial position exists.

The retraction or lifting of the tool by means of a telescopic Telescopic rod 50 is in Fig. 4 shown. The left illustration of Fig. 4 shows the maximum extended telescopic linkage 50, wherein the tool 5 has generated a slot 8 in the ground. The carriage element 16 is in its lower position, the so-called pulling position, which is indicated by the line L _z . In this position, the gripping device, not shown engages the upper end of the inner rod 80. Now, with the aid of the carriage member 16 and the winch not shown here, the tool 5 is raised until the carriage member 16 reaches its upper position, the so-called locking position, which by the line L _{R is} marked. According to the third illustration from the left, the slide element 16 is now returned from its upper latch position to the lower pull position, so that the further telescopic linkage can be pulled out of the slot 8 until the slide element 16 again reaches its upper latch position according to the fourth illustration from the left , Now, according to the fifth image from the left, the inner rod 80 can be at least partially moved back into the outer rod 60 until the carriage member 16 again reaches its lower pulling position. Now, according to the right picture of Fig. 4 the tool is completely pulled out of the slot 8.

Fig. 5 shows two different embodiments for the rigid connection between the outer rod 60 and the inner rod 70 in the locked position. The outer rod 60 and the inner rod 70 each have a main body a tube 61, 71st on, at the outer end of a precisely machined connecting portion 62, 72 is welded. The individual components are explained in the left-side embodiment with the attached letter a and in the right-hand embodiment by the attached letter b.

In the left side embodiment of Fig. 5 At the upper end of the connecting portion 62a of the outer rod 60a, a stopper lid 68a is fixed by means of bolts, which defines the maximum extension position of the inner rod 70a. For this purpose, a radially outwardly projecting shoulder 78a is formed on the connecting portion 72a of the inner rod 70a. In this area, two sealing elements 76a are embedded in the inner rod 70a, wherein the sealing elements 76a bear tightly against a corresponding sealing surface of the stopper lid 68a. At the lower end of the connecting portion 72a, a radial expansion is provided, on which the guide surface 77a is formed. The guide surface 77a of the inner rod 70a forms a close tolerance with a guide surface 67a of the outer rod 60a which has been worked out in a corresponding manner. For the rigid connection openings are provided, which are provided for the introduction of locking elements 64a. The locking element 64a is designed as a screw bolt, to the bolt head also a sealing ring is recessed to ensure a tight closure of the cavity within the telescopic linkage. The bolt 64 formed as a locking element 64a can be screwed in its simplest version by hand for producing a rigid connection between the outer rod 60a and the inner rod 70a.

In the right side embodiment according to Fig. 5 there are only minor deviations. Thus, the sealing elements 76b are arranged in a separate sealing insert 79b, which simultaneously forms the shoulder 78b for the stopper lid 68b. In the lower end region of the inner rod 70b, a manual locking is provided with a locking element 64b, which can be moved by a handle 75 by turning and moving radially inward.

On the inside of the outer rod 60, a flat guide wedge 63 is fixed, which engages in the illustrated locking position in a guide groove 73 in the flared portion of the inner rod 70.

In Fig. 6 an alternative embodiment of the connecting portions 62c, 72c of the outer rod 60c and the inner rod 70c is shown. For ease of machining, the guide surface 67c of the outer rod 60c is a separate bush which has been inserted and fixed in the tubular body of the outer rod 60c. In a corresponding manner, a bush is shrunk on the outer circumference of the inner rod 70c as the guide surface 77c. The guide surfaces 67c and 77c ensure reliable and largely tight guidance between the outer rod 60c and the inner rod 70c in the locking position. The axial travel limitation takes place via an annular stop cover 68c, which is welded to the upper end of the outer rod 60c. The shrunk-bush-shaped guide surface 77c at the same time forms the shoulder, which comes into abutment with the limit stop on the stop cover 68c in the locked position.

The rigid connection is made in the illustrated embodiment via locking elements 74c, which are arranged hydraulically adjustable on the inner rod 70c and are retracted radially outwardly into corresponding openings in the connecting portions 72c and 62c for positive connection for locking.

Claims (17)

1. Telescopic rod having an outer rod (60) and one or several inner rods (70, 80), which are adjustable between a retracted position and an extended position, in which the rods are connected to each other via connecting areas (62, 72), wherein at least one locking element (64, 74) is arranged on the connecting areas (62, 72),
   characterized in that
   the connecting areas (62, 72) are arranged at the free ends of the rods and
   in that for guidance and positioning only the connecting areas (62, 72) have been processed.
2. Telescopic rod according to claim 1,
   characterized in that
   the rods are closed pipes (61, 71) and
   in that on the connecting areas (72) sealing elements (76) are arranged.
3. Method for underground construction, in which a tool (5) is lowered and thereby guided by means of a telescopic rod (50) according to claim 1 or 2, which has an outer rod (60), in which at least one inner rod (70, 80) is accommodated in a displaceable manner, wherein the tool (5) is attached to the outer rod (60) and lowered therewith and
   initially, with the outer rod (60) at least one inner rod (70, 80) is lowered, which is subsequently pulled out of the outer rod (60) by means of a carriage element (16) guided in a displaceable manner on a mast (12).
4. Method according to claim 3,
   characterized in that
   the inner rod (70, 80) is pulled out of the outer rod (60) up to a locking position, in which the outer rod (60) is rigidly connected to the adjoining inner rod (70), and in that the outer rod (60) and the inner rod (70) rigidly connected thereto are lowered further.
5. Method according to claim 4,
   characterized in that
   for further lowering at least one further inner rod (80) is pulled by means of the carriage element (16) out of the inner rod (70), which is rigidly connected to the outer rod (60), up to the locking position and rigidly connected and
   in that if required the steps of lowering, pulling out and connecting are repeated until the telescopic rod (50) is extended.
6. Method according to any one of claims 3 to 5,
   characterized in that
   a step-wise lowering is in each case effected up to a defined pulling position, at which one or several inner rods (70, 80) are pulled out subsequently by means of the carriage element (16).
7. Method according to claim 6,
   characterized in that
   the pulling position is provided above a ground surface, in particular in the lower area of the mast (12).
8. Method according to any one of claims 3 to 7,
   characterized in that
   for movement of the outer rod (60) and/or the inner rod (70, 80) the carriage element (16) is brought into engagement with the said rods.
9. Method according to any one of claims 3 to 8,
   characterized in that
   the carriage element (16) is employed during lowering and lifting of the tool (5).
10. Method according to any one of claims 3 to 9,
    characterized in that
    an establishment and/or release of the rigid connection of the telescopic rod (50) is effected automatically.
11. Method according to any one of claims 3 to 10,
    characterized in that
    the telescopic rod (50) is rotated, in particular driven in a rotating manner.
12. Device for underground construction having a mast (12) and a telescopic rod (50) according to claim 1 or 2 arranged thereon, to the one end of which a tool (5) can be attached, wherein the telescopic rod (50) has an outer rod (60), in which at least one inner rod (70, 80) is accommodated in a displaceable manner, wherein the outer rod (60) can be connected to the tool (5) and
    on the mast (12) a carriage element (16) is guided in a displaceable manner, which is designed for holding and moving the at least one inner rod (70, 80) relative to the outer rod (60).
13. Device according to claim 12,
    characterized in that
    the carriage element (16) has a gripping means (18) for gripping and/or holding the rods.
14. Device according to claim 12 or 13,
    characterized in that
    the tool (5) is suspended with the telescopic rod (50) on a cable (22).
15. Device according to any one of claims 12 to 14,
    characterized in that
    a hose feed with at least one hose deflection roller (30) is provided, which is guided in a displaceable manner on the mast (12).
16. Device according to any one of claims 12 to 15,
    characterized in that
    the tool (5) is a cutter, a grab or a drilling tool.
17. Device according to any one of claims 12 to 16,
    characterized in that
    a rotary drive (20) for rotating the telescopic rod (50) is provided.

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