Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
  • A61K6/90—Compositions for taking dental impressions

Definitions

• the present invention is generally directed toward polyorganosiloxane dental impression materials. More particularly, the invention is directed toward such a material having improved physical properties, including improved wetting and tear strengths. Specifically, the present invention employs a silicone glycol surfactant.
• This invention is directed to improvements in room temperature polymerizable polyorganosiloxanes having good dimensional stability upon curing or hardening. More particularly, this invention is directed to improvements in compositions that are generally of the type comprising two components, one component comprising organopolysiloxanes having vinyl groups, capable of undergoing addition reactions with organopolysiloxanes having silicone-bonded hydrogen atoms.
• the second component comprises a catalyst capable of promoting the addition of hydrogen atoms bonded to silicone atoms across the vinyl groups.
• a major field for the use of certain of these room temperature curable polyorganosiloxane compositions is dentistry.
• Such materials are typically employed as impression materials for securing an analog representation of oral hard and soft tissue to support subsequent elaboration of crowns, bridges, dentures, an other oral prostheses.
• extraordinary fidelity of structural reproduction is required in order to ensure good fidelity of oral prosthetic fit and the like.
• changes in the dimensions of the impression material during curing are to be avoided.
• the surface of the reproductions or oral prosthetics and the like must be exceptionally free from irregularities, blemishes, pits, and otlier imperfections.
• Paradiso in WO 93/17654 describes improving tear strength by incorporating multi-functional, including quadri-functional, polysiloxane components into the impression material, to add increased cross-linking to the resulting cured impression material matrix, particularly along the length of the linear vinyl end-stopped polysiloxane principal component.
• the Paradiso composition comprises SiOH groups capped off with Me.sub.3 Si units that form pendants from the molecule. These pendants provide only mechanical or physical interlinking between the linear polysiloxane chains. This solution is deficient, being non-chemical and low in cross-linking density.
• Voigt et al in EP 0 522 341 Al describes very short processing times of 35-45 seconds for forming dentition bite registration devices, utilizing a "QM" resin as a means of speeding and increasing cross-linking.
• These resins comprise as Q, the quadri-functional SiO.sub.4/2 and as M, building blocks such as monofunctional units R.sub.3 SiO.sub.1/2 wherein R is vinyl, methyl, ethyl or phenyl, or similar tri or bi-functional units.
• R is vinyl, methyl, ethyl or phenyl, or similar tri or bi-functional units.
• Voigt notes that an elastomer with small elastic deformation having a higher tenacity and hardness results. However, such material lacks flexibility, having a low strain value, and is unsuitable for impression taking.
• the increased cross-linking rate of the QM resin also results in very limited processing times that are unsatisfactory.
• 4,657,959 describes adding an ethoxylated nonionic surface active agent containing siloxane or perfluoroalkyl solubilizing groups to achieve a three minute water contact angle below about 65.degree.. While surfactants including hydrocarbyl groups, for rendering the surfactant soluble or dispersible in silicone prepolymer, are mentioned, including ethyleneoxy groups, the results achieved appeared to be less than optimal.
• polyorganosiloxane impression materials still need improvement in tear strength and wettability in order to provide improved use of these compositions for taking impressions of oral hard and soft tissues such that adequate working time, tear strength and wettability are provided.
• the new polyvinylsiloxane impression materials are useful in low and high viscosity impression materials to record hard and soft tissues in the mouth.
• the new impression material is a two component, platinum-catalyzed, vinylpolysiloxane material.
• the two component polymerizable organosiloxane composition one component including a catalyst for polymerization, for making a dental impression, comprises:
• composition surface contact angle with water is less than 50.degree. after three minutes.
• a polyorganosiloxane impression material employing a silicone glycol surfactant that achieves a water contact angle of less than about 10 degrees at 30 seconds.
• the preferred surfactant is PEG-8 methicone, such as is available from BASF as Masil SF 19. According to one embodiment of the invention, a contact angle of 2 degrees was achieved at 30 seconds, as will be demonstrated hereinbelow.
• the dispersion of (a) and (b) has a viscosity of about 5,000-60,000 cps.
• the dispersion of (a) and (b) has a viscosity of about 5,000-60,000 cps.
• (b) may comprise a plurality of dispersion components having desired viscosities and QM resin contents.
• the QM resin-containing dispersions comprise a first dispersion component having a viscosity of about 5,000-7,000 cps; and a second dispersion component having a viscosity of about 45,000-60,000 cps, said QM resin comprising about 20-25 weight % of each dispersion.
• a preferred QM resin comprises a polyorganosiloxane comprising units of SiO.sub.4/2 and units of R.sup.1 R.sup.2.sub.2 SiO.sub.1/2 wherein
• R.sup.l is unsaturated, preferably vinyl and
• R.sup.2 is alkyl, aryl, etc., such as methyl, ethyl, phenyl, etc. More preferably, the QM resin comprises the formula: ##STR1##
• the retarder component of the composition is a low molecular weight, vinyl functional fluid that is a linear or cyclic polysiloxane in an amount of at least about 0.030 weight percent of said composition.
• the retarder component comprises: a fluid 1,3-divinyl, dimethyldisiloxane, in an amount of about 0.030 to 0.10 weight percent of said composition.
• the composition includes an emulsifying plasticizer that imparts desired handling and flow properties to the catalyst complex, to match those of the second component, wherein a suitable composition for taking a dental impression may conveniently be formed.
• the plasticizer comprises an alkylphthalate at about 0.5 to 2.0% by weight of said catalyst component and is, most preferably, octyl benzyl phthalate.
• the filler component of the invention comprises about 15 to about 45 weight percent of said composition and preferably includes a filler mixture of about 20 to about 40 weight percent.
• a key component of the composition of the invention is the surfactant for imparting wettability, preferably comprising an HLB of about 8-11 and a pH of about 6-8.
• a most preferred surfactant is a nonionic surfactant, nonylphenoxy poly (ethyleneoxy) ethanol having an HLB of about 10.8.
• compositions of the invention include a tear strength of 270-300 PSI (1.86-2.06 MPa) and a contact angle with water of less than 50.degree. at three minutes.
• a base paste and catalyst paste are prepared, wherein a silicone glycol surfactant is present in both pastes or only in one.
• a contact angle of less than 10 degrees has been achieved in under 15 seconds.
• FIG. 1 is a graph showing Wetting Contact Angle, in degrees, as a function of Time, in minutes.
• FIG. 2 is a graph showing Impression Material Viscosity as a function of Time, in minutes.
• FIG. 3 is a graph showing percent elongation and tear strength, in psi.
• FIG. 4 is a graph showing Wetting Contact Angle, in degrees, as a function of Time, in seconds.
• FIG. 5 is a graph showing Wetting Contact Angle, in degrees, as a function of Time, in seconds.
• An exemplary polymerizable polysiloxane compositions of the instant invention comprises, in general: an organopolysiloxane having at least about two vinyl groups per molecule, further including, dispersed therein, a quadri-functional vinyl polysiloxane resin; an organohydrogen-polysiloxane having at least about two hydrogen atoms bonded to at least two silicone atoms per molecule; a catalyst for accelerating the addition of the silicone atoms bonded to the hydrogen atoms to the polysiloxane vinyl groups, including an emulsifying plasticizer; a filler; a low molecular weight retarder composition for delaying onset of polymerization; and an emulsifying surfactant that imparts wettability to said impression material.
• the composition of the invention is divided into two components.
• a first component which is conveniently referred to as a "Base Paste” contains the vinylorganopolysiloxanes dispersion, the organo-hydrogen-polysiloxane, a portion of the filler and the surfactant.
• the second component of this two-part composition is referred to as a "Catalyst Paste” and comprises a second portion of the vinyl polysiloxanes, together with the catalyst for accelerating the addition reaction, the emulsifying plasticizer, a scavenging agent for hydrogen released during polymerization and usually, additional quantities of fillers and pigments.
• organopolysiloxanes having at least about two vinyl groups per molecule are known for inclusion in the dental polysiloxane compositions of the invention to form the dispersion including a quadri- functional vinyl polysiloxane.
• Each of these materials maybe included in greater or lesser degree in accordance with the practice of the instant invention.
• Preferred for use herein are linear vinyl terminated polydivinytsiloxanes preferably a divinyl polydimethylsiloxane.
• Such polymers are sold having varying average molecular weights with concomitant variations in viscosity. It is preferred that these materials be selected to have a viscosity appropriate for the conditions to be experienced by the resulting silicone material.
• the dispersions of interest have a viscosity range of 5,000-60,000 cps.
• the dispersions of interest are preferably formed in two viscosity ranges: (1) a first dispersion having a viscosity of about 5000-7000 cps; and (2) a second dispersion having a viscosity of about 45,000-65,000 cps. While it is convenient to provide polysiloxane oligomers for this purpose having methyl substituents, other substituents may also be included in the compositions in accordance with this invention. Thus, alkyl, aryl, halogen, and other substituents may be included in greater or lesser degree as part of the vinyl polysiloxanes which are useful. Those of ordinary skill in the art will be able to determine which polysiloxane materials are preferred for any particular utility from the foregoing considerations.
• the quadri-functional polysiloxanes designated and known in the art as QM resins, provide improved tear strength to the polymerized impression composition, by increasing its resulting polymerized crosslink density.
• the QM resin is made up of: quadri-functional SiO.sub.4/2 units; and M units, such as R.sup.l R.sup.2.sub.2
• R.sup.l is unsaturated, preferably vinyl and R.sup.2 is alkyl, aryl or the like, such as methyl, ethyl or phenyl.
• R.sup.l is vinyl and both R.sup.2 are methyl.
• a most preferred composition is represented by the formula: ##STR2##
• the QM resin provides a vinyl concentration in the dispersions with the vinyl-terminated polydivinylsiloxanes of at least about 0.16 m-mole/g. Preferably the vinyl concentration is 0.16-0.24 m-mole/g.
• the amount of QM resin is preferably about 20-25% by weight of the dispersion.
• Such dispersions are sold by Miles,
• Otlier QM resin formulations may be used, including those that are "neat” or dispersed in carriers otlier than the preferred fluid polydivinylsiloxane.
• a key element of the invention is a retarder component that delays onset of polymerization of the QM resin/dispersion such that sufficient working times to employ the composition are provided. It functions, as it is consumed, to offset what would otherwise be a too rapid polymerization.
• the preferred retarder fluid in the preferred impression material of interest is 1,3 divinyldimethyldisiloxane at a sufficient concentration level to perform its retarding functions, which is in at least about 0.03 weight percent of the composition, preferably within a range of about 0.03 to 0.10 weight percent. This preferred amount is in contrast with the lower amounts of 0.0015-
• 0.020 weight percent typically employed in PVS systems to stabilize compositions 0.020 weight percent typically employed in PVS systems to stabilize compositions.
• Other suitable retarders are any low molecular weight, vinyl functional material that would be initially consumed in the polymerization, to delay hardening suitably and as desired, including linear and cyclic polysiloxanes.
• organohydrogen-polysiloxanes useful in the practice of the present inventions are well-known to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is required only that polysiloxanes having hydrogen atoms directly bonded to silicone atoms be employed, and that they have suitable viscosities and otlier physical properties. Substituents in the molecules such as alkyl (especially methyl), aryl, halogen, and others may be employed as well. It is necessary only that such substituents not interfere with the platinum-catalyzed addition reaction. It is preferred that molecules be employed having at least two silicone-bonded hydrogen atoms per molecule. Polymethylhydrogensiloxane is preferred, having viscosity range of about 35-45 cps.
• the catalysts which are useful for catalyzing the reaction of the silicone atoms (bonded to hydrogen atoms) to the vinyl groups of the vinyl polysiloxane molecules are preferably based upon platinum.
• a platinum compound such as chloroplatinic acid, preferably in admixture or complex with one or more vinyl materials, especially vinyl polysiloxanes. While such materials have been found to be preferred, other catalysts are also useful.
• platinum metal together with other noble metals including palladium, rhodium, and the like and their respective complexes and salts are also useful. In view of the toxicological acceptability of platinum, however, it is greatly to be preferred for dental use.
• compositions of the present invention also include a filler, preferably a mixture of hydrophobic fillers.
• a filler preferably a mixture of hydrophobic fillers.
• inorganic, hydrophobic fillers may be employed such as silicas, aluminas, magnesias, titanias, inorganic salts, metallic oxides and glasses.
• silicones including those derived form: crystalline silicone dioxide, such as pulverized quartz (4-6.mu.); amorphous silicone dioxides, such as a diatomaceous earth (4-7.mu.); and silanated fumed silica, such as Cab-o-Sil TS-530 (160-240 m.su ⁇ .2 /g), manufactured by Cabot Corporation.
• crystalline silicone dioxide such as pulverized quartz (4-6.mu.
• amorphous silicone dioxides such as a diatomaceous earth (4-7.mu.
• silanated fumed silica such as Cab-o-Sil TS-530 (160-240 m.su ⁇ .2 /g), manufactured by Cabot Corporation.
• the sizes and surface areas of the foregoing materials are controlled to control the viscosity and thixotropicity of the resulting compositions.
• hydrophobic fillers may be superficially treated with one or more silanating or "keying" agents, as known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Such silanating may be accomplished through use of known halogenated silanes or silazides.
• the fillers are present, preferably, in amounts of from about 15 to about 45 weight percent of the composition, forming an impression composition that is polymer rich and, thus, having improved flow properties.
• the fillers more preferably, are about 35-40 weight percent of the composition.
• a preferred filler mixture includes 14-24 weight percent crystalline silicone dioxide, 3-6 weight percent amorphous silicone dioxide and 4-8 weight percent silanated fumed silicone dioxide.
• a most preferred filler is about 19% cristobalite at about 4-6.mu.
• a chemical system may be employed to diminish the presence or degree of hydrogen outgassing which may be typically generated as a result of the vinyl polymerization.
• the composition thus may comprise a finely divided platinum metal that scavenges for and takes up such hydrogen.
• the Pt metal may be deposited upon a substantially insoluble salt having a surface area of between about 0.1 and 40m.sup.2 /g.
• Suitable salts are barium sulphate, barium carbonate and calcium carbonate of suitable particle sizes.
• substrates include diatomaceous earth, activated alumna, activated carbon and others.
• the inorganic salts are especially preferred to lend improved stability to the resulting materials incorporating them. Dispersed upon the salts is about 0.2 to 2 parts per million of platinum metal, based upon the weight of the catalyst component. It has been found that employment of the platinum metal dispersed upon inorganic salt particles substantially eliminates or diminishes hydrogen outgassing during curing of dental silicones.
• An important improvement of the invention is inclusion in the composition of the PEG-8 Methicone surfactant that imparts wettability to said composition, as indicated by a surface contact angle with water at three minutes of less than 50. degree, or more preferably, less than about 10 degrees at 30 seconds..
• An unexpected result of the selection of surfactant provides a major clinical advantage in that the wetting contact angle of less than 10 degree is achieved in less than about 30 seconds, decreasing and remaining below 10 degrees throughout the working time of the composition, in contrast with prior art polyvinylsiloxanes and surfactant formulations that require more time to wet out. This higher wetting rate of the composition of the invention is particularly advantageous during the impression taking process and is shown in the Drawings.
• FIG. 1 the Wetting Contact Angle, in degrees, as a function of Time, in minutes, is shown for the polyvinyl siloxane composition of the invention, in comparison with prior art compositions.
• Curve A is the composition of the invention showing a wetting contact angle of about 50.degree. at two minutes after mixing of the base and catalyst components.
• FIG. 1 demonstrates that good wettability is achieved early and improves at a fast rate over the about 3.5 minutes of useful working life of the impression taking material.
• Curves B and C are, respectively, polyether and conventional polyvinyl siloxane impression materials of the prior art.
• the surfactant is placed in only one of the base paste or the catalyst paste, preferably the base paste. Homogeneity of the mixture is preferably controlled, such as by using a preselected number of stators in the mixer. It has been unexpectedly found that improved stability and wettability of the formulation is acheived. Problems of the surfactant in the presence of moisture and the catalyst causing decomposition of the platinum catalyst are avoided. More unexpectedly, the wettability of the material was greatly improved, achieving a 10 degree or better contact angle in 15 seconds, or even better, as will be below demonstrated.
• One surfactant of the invention may be of cationic, anionic, amphoteric or nonionic type.
• a key criteria for selection is that the Hydrophobic Liphophilic Balance (HLB) value (described by Gower, "Handbook of Industrial
• Surfactants 1993 must be in the range of 8-11. As is well-known, the higher the HLB the more hydrophobic is the substance. In addition, the pH of the surfactant must be in the 6-8 range to prevent side reactions that may be detrimental the polymerization of the impression.
• a preferred surfactant is nonionic, having an HLB value of 10.8 comprising nonylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy) etlianol, sold by Rhone-Poulenc of Cranbury, NJ. as Igepal CO-530. In comparison it is noted above with respect to Bryan et al, in U.S. Pat. No. '959 that Igepal CO-630, having an HLB of
• a preferred surfactant is PEG-8 Methicone available from BASF.
• composition of the invention may include plasticizers that beneficially alter the handling and flow properties of the impression material, particularly the catalyst component.
• a preferred emulsifying plasticizer is octyl benzyl phthalate. Other phthalates are useful.
• composition of the invention may include various pigments to achieve a preferred color.
• pigments are well known and include titanium dioxide as well as many others.
• the two component compositions prepared in accordance with the instant invention are employed in the same way that conventional impression materials have been employed.
• appropriately equal portions of base paste and catalyst paste are mixed together thoroughly and applied to the oral dentition or otlier region for a period of time sufficient for the polymerizations or hardening of the composition.
• dental silicone materials be capable of being stored for reasonably long periods of time and at reasonable storage temperature in order to maximize their commercial utility. Accordingly, it is necessary that such materials not suffer from decreased physical properties or substantial changes in working time or hardening time upon such storage. In this regard, accelerated storage tests employing high ambient temperatures are now capable of determining the shelf stability of such materials.
• the two component composition of the invention is formulated in a Base Paste and Catalyst Paste components. Mixing of each component's ingredients is done in a double planetary mixer having a mixing pot heated with circulating water at 45. degree. C.-50. degree. C. and under 65 mm mercury vacuum.
• the mixing pot is first charged with all organohydrogen polysiloxane and incrementally thereafter, with QM dispersion and filler component, with mixing continuing until a uniform mixture is achieved.
• the finished Base Paste is discharged into a storage container.
• the Catalyst Paste component is formulated and mixed under conditions and in equipment as described above.
• the platinum catalyst, 1,3 divinyldimethyldisiloxane, QM resin dispersions, fillers and pigments are added incrementally to the mixing pot and mixing carried out until a uniformly mixed mass is achieved.
• the compounded Catalyst Paste is then discharged into a storage container
• composition of each component is indicated in the table below, wherein amounts are in weight percent of the component.
• a two component composition of the invention is made by first making a Base Paste and then a Catalyst
• a two component composition of the invention is made by first making a Base Paste and then a Catalyst
• Diatomaceious earth 5.00 Cab-O-Sil TS-530 5.00 5.00 Pigments Predispersed in Divinyl Polysiloxane
• a two component composition of the invention is made by first making a Base Paste and then a Catalyst
• Diatomaceious earth 5.00 Cab-O-Sil TS-530 5.00 5.00 Pigments Predispersed in Divinyl Polysiloxane
• a two component composition of the invention is made by first making a Base Paste and then a Catalyst
• a two component composition of the invention is made by first making a Base Paste and then a Catalyst
• a two component composition of the invention is made by first making a Base Paste and then a Catalyst
• a two component composition of the invention is made by first making a Base Paste and then a Catalyst
• a two component composition of the invention is made by first making a Base Paste and then a Catalyst
• a two component composition of the invention is made by first making a Base Paste and then a Catalyst
• Equal parts of the base and catalyst components are mixed and the samples or specimen is placed in a specimen mold having an I-shaped cavity that is 1.5 mm thick, 20 mm.times.l 1 mm, with top arms of 8 mm depth and center I portion 5 mm wide.
• the filled mold is clamped between two stainless steel plates and the assembly is placed in a 32.degree. C. water bath. At six minutes from start of mix, the assembly is removed from the bath. The mold is undamped, the specimen is removed from the mold and any flash is removed from the specimen. At 10 minutes from start of mix the specimen is clamped into the specimen test grips of an instron Model 1123 in the extension mode.
• the Instron is attached to a Microcon II micropressor that has been programmed to calculate the tear strength [psi],% elongation, and modulus of elasticity. At 11 minutes, the specimen is stressed by the Instron at a rate of 10 mm/min. until the specimen reaches peak failure. (The maximum load is set to 5 kg.) This is repeated for five specimens and then statistically evaluated results are reported, as shown in the Table.
• the eyepiece recticle is adjusted to the horizontal and vertical planes of the specimen surface and stop watch is started as a drop of water is dropped onto the specimen surface.
• stop watch is started as a drop of water is dropped onto the specimen surface.
• the inside contact angle, in degrees, of the water/specimen interface is measured using the gynometer scale, recorded for the specimen and reported below.
• Examples 1-3 are preferred compositions.
• Example 1 is suitable for dispensing from a tube and hand mixing.
• Example 2 is most preferred for cartridge dispensing and static-mixing.
• Example 3 describes a composition of the invention that is suitable for forming a lower viscosity composition suitable for either tube or cartridge dispensing.
• Example 4 The composition of Example 4, having a high viscosity, exhibited severe gassing, having a higher hydride concentration and no degassing component.
• Example 5 having a low viscosity, demonstrated good syringe consistency but had a high percent deformation and percent strain while tear strength was lower.
• This composition had a high hydride, low surfactant, low retarder and low catalyst concentration.
• Compositions of Examples 6, 8 and 9 did not polymerize properly.
• the composition of Example 6 had too low retarder and catalyst.
• the surfactant was also too high an HLB and too acid.
• the composition of Example 7 lacked wetting capability having a surface contact angle exceeding desirable limits. Examples 8 and 9 both were too low in retarder and catalyst concentrations
• the composition of Example 10 exceeded desired percent deformation.
• the impression materials according to the present invention may be formulated in a number of viscosities or the like. It is common in the dental industry to formulate impression materials having monophase, heavy, rigid, low viscosity, extra low viscosity and the like.
• the preferred impression materials are two-component addition curing polyvinyl siloxane in nature.
• the materials may also contain silanated, fumed, amorphous and/or crystalline silicas, pigments, flavorants, plasticizers and/or other surfactants.
• the present material is emplyed in a conventional manner for dental impression materials, taking advantage of its unexpected and improved characteristics as discussed herein.
• compositions prepared according to the present invention are examples of compositions prepared according to the present invention.
• the following table shows the physical characteristics of the extra low viscosity, low viscosity, monophase and rigid forms of the invention employing MASIL SF-19. As can be seen in the table and in FIG. 3, the wetability and tear strengths are greatly improved over what has been heretofore accomplished in the art.
• XLV extra low viscosity
• LV low viscosity
• RS regular set, as such terms are conventionally used in the art.
• the specimens are pulled at a rate of lOOmm/min until the specimens tears at the internal right angle of the specimen. [0079] 4.
• the Force required to tear the specimen is calculated using Instrons series IX software. The average value for each test is reported.
• Viscosity change versus Global Time was analyzed and transferred to Excel for graphical representation.
• Otlier properties were tested according to standardized procedures, such as ISO 4823 for Elastomeric Impression materials. It was also observed that tear strength data for the inventive materials was as good as or improved over tlie prior art materials. Further, particularly with the embodiment of the invention wherein the surfactant is incorporated into tlie base paste only, improvements in product stability were noted. All of these improvements were dete ⁇ nined together with tlie greatly improved contact angles.
• the inventive materials have superior characteristics and out performed commercially available impression material products especially in the areas of hydrophilicity and tear strength.

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• 2003
  • 2003-12-17 WO PCT/US2003/040534 patent/WO2004058196A1/en active Application Filing
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