EP1572079A2 - Corps mimetiques de cdr de mammifere, compositions, procedes et utilisations - Google Patents

Corps mimetiques de cdr de mammifere, compositions, procedes et utilisations

Info

Publication number
EP1572079A2
EP1572079A2 EP03718053A EP03718053A EP1572079A2 EP 1572079 A2 EP1572079 A2 EP 1572079A2 EP 03718053 A EP03718053 A EP 03718053A EP 03718053 A EP03718053 A EP 03718053A EP 1572079 A2 EP1572079 A2 EP 1572079A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cdr
mimetibody
variant
arg
protein
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03718053A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1572079A4 (fr
EP1572079A3 (fr
Inventor
George A. Heavner
David M. Knight
Bernard J. Scallon
John Ghrayeb
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Janssen Biotech Inc
Original Assignee
Centocor Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Centocor Inc filed Critical Centocor Inc
Publication of EP1572079A3 publication Critical patent/EP1572079A3/fr
Publication of EP1572079A2 publication Critical patent/EP1572079A2/fr
Publication of EP1572079A4 publication Critical patent/EP1572079A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/475—Growth factors; Growth regulators
    • C07K14/505—Erythropoietin [EPO]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/52—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
    • C07K14/524—Thrombopoietin, i.e. C-MPL ligand
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2318/00—Antibody mimetics or scaffolds
    • C07K2318/10—Immunoglobulin or domain(s) thereof as scaffolds for inserted non-Ig peptide sequences, e.g. for vaccination purposes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to mammalian CDR mimetibodies, specified portions and variants specific for bologically active proteins, fragment or ligands, CDR mimetibody encoding and complementary nucleic acids, host cells, and methods of making and using thereof, including therapeutic formulations, administration and devices.
  • Recombinant proteins are an emerging class of therapeutic agents. Such recombinant therapeutics have engendered advances in protein formulation and chemical modification. Such modifications can potentially enhance the therapeutic utility of therapeutic proteins, such as by increaseing half lives (e.g., by blocking their exposure to proteolytic enzymes), enhancing biological activity, or reducing unwanted side effects.
  • One such modification is the use of immunoglobulin fragments fused to receptor proteins, such as enteracept.
  • Therapeutic proteins have also been constructed using the Fc domain to attempt to provide a longer half-life or to incorporate functions such as Fc receptor binding, protein A binding, and complement fixation.
  • erythrocytes or red blood cells, which transport oxygen to the various tissues of the animal's body.
  • erythropoiesis The process of producing erythrocytes (“erythropoiesis”) occurs continuously throughout an animal's life span to offset erythrocyte destruction.
  • the typical red blood cell has a relatively short life-span, usually 100 to 120 days.
  • Erythropoiesis is a precisely controlled physiological mechanism whereby sufficient numbers of erythrocytes are produced to enable proper tissue oxygenation, but not so many as to impede circulation.
  • Erythropoiesis is now known to be primarily controlled by the polypeptide erythropoietin (EPO), an acidic glycoprotein. Erythropoietin is produced as the result of the expression of a single copy gene located in a chromosome of a mammal.
  • EPO polypeptide erythropoietin
  • the amino acid sequence for recombinant human EPO (“rHuEPO”) is substantially identical to the amino acid sequence for EPO obtained from human urinary sources. However, the glycosylation of rHuEPO differs from that of urinary EPO and human serum EPO. In a healthy mammal, EPO is present in the blood plasma in very low concentrations, as the tissues are being sufficiently oxygenated by the existing number of circulating erythrocytes.
  • the EPO present stimulates the production of new erythrocytes to replace those lost to the aging process. Additionally, EPO production is stimulated under conditions of hypoxia, wherein the oxygen supply to the body's tissues is reduced below normal physiological levels despite adequate perfiision of the tissue by blood. Hypoxia may be caused by hemorrhaging, radiation-induced erythrocyte destruction, various anemias, high altitude, or long periods of unconsciousness. In contrast, should the number of red blood cells in circulation exceed what is needed for normal tissue oxygenation, EPO production is reduced.
  • rHuEPO Recombinant human EPO
  • FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration
  • rHuEPO rHuEPO 's use in treating anemia associated with end- stage renal disease.
  • Patients undergoing hemodialysis to treat this disorder typically suffer severe anemia, caused by the rupture and premature death of erythrocytes as a result of the dialysis treatment.
  • EPO is also useful in the treatment of other types of anemia.
  • EPO Erythropoietin
  • EPO is a glycoprotein hormone composed of 165 amino acids and four carbohydrate chains that functions as the primary regulator of erythropoiesis by binding to a specific receptor on the surface of erythrocyte precursor cells. This binding signals their proliferation and differentiation into mature red blood cells.
  • the erythropoietin receptor is a 484-amino acid glycoprotein with high affinity for erythropoietin.
  • ligand-induced homodimerization is the key event that governs activation .
  • Erythropoietin has a relatively short half-life. Intravenously administered erythropoietin is eliminated at a rate consistent with first order kinetics with a circulating half-life ranging from approximately 3 to 4 hours in patients with CRF. Within the therapeutic dose range, detectable levels of plasma erythropoietin are maintained for at least 24 hours. After subcutaneous administration of erythropoietin, peak serum levels are achieved within 5-24 hours and decline slowly thereafter. The C max and t l A after administration of erythropoietin were 1.80 ⁇ 0.7 U/mL and 19.0 ⁇ 5.9 hours, respectively.
  • Starting doses of erythropoietin range from 50-150 U/kg three times weekly.
  • the dosage of erythropoietin must be individualized to maintain the hematocrit within the suggested target range.
  • the recommended dose of erythropoietin is 300 U/kg/day s.c. for 10 days before surgery, on the day of surgery, and for 4 days after surgery or alternatively 600 U/kg s.c. in once weekly doses (21, 14 and 7 days before surgery) plus a fourth dose on the day of surgery.
  • Small peptidomimetics of erythropoietin were identified by several groups through screening of random phage display peptide libraries for affinity to the erythropoietin receptor. These sequences have no homology with erythropoietin. In functional assays several of these peptides showed activity, but only 1/100,000* that of recombinant erythropoietin. Although several attempts have been made to increase the potency of these peptides by preparing covalent dimers or multimers of peptidomimetics, these compounds are still 1,000 - 10,000 fold less active than erythropoietin on a molar basis.
  • Peptide sequences from erythropoietin have also been claimed as agonistic. Increased activity of dimerized sequences comprising any or all of the native erythropoietin sequence has also been reported. These compounds have little or no oral bioavailability and their activity does not make them economically viable at this time.
  • the present invention provides isolated human mimetibodies, including modified immunoglobulins, cleavage products and other specified portions and variants thereof, as well as CDR mimetibody compositions, encoding or complementary nucleic acids, vectors, host cells, compositions, formulations, devices, transgenic animals, transgenic plants, and methods of making and using thereof, as described and/or enabled herein, in combination with what is known in the art.
  • the present invention also provides at least one isolated CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant as described herein and/or as known in the art.
  • the present invention provides, in one aspect, isolated nucleic acid molecules comprising, complementary, or hybridizing to, a polynucleotide encoding specific mimetibodies or specified portions or variants thereof, comprising at least one specified sequence, domain, portion or variant thereof.
  • the present invention further provides recombinant vectors comprising at least one of said isolated CDR mimetibody nucleic acid molecules, host cells containing such nucleic acids and/or recombinant vectors, as well as methods of making and/or using such CDR mimetibody nucleic acids, vectors and/or host cells.
  • At least one CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant of the invention mimics the binding to at least one ligand, or has at least one biological activity of, at least one protein, subunit, fragment, portion or any combination thereof.
  • the at least one CDR mimetibody or specified portion' or variant can comprise at least one protein ligand binding' region ("LBR") that is preferably comprised of at least one extracellular, soluble, hydrophillic, external or cytoplasmic portion of said protein, which further comprises at least one amino acid from at least one complementarity determing region (CDR) of a heavy or light chain variable region.
  • LBR protein ligand binding' region
  • the at least one CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant can optionally comprise at least one LBR comprising at least a specified portion of at least one modified or replaced CDR (e.g., CDR1, CDR2 or CDR3 of the heavy or light chain variable region) and/or at least one framework region.
  • the at least one CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant amino acid sequence can further optionally comprise at least one specified substitution, insertion or deletion.
  • the present invention also provides at least one isolated CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant as described herein and/or as known in the art, wherein the CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant has at least one activity, such as, but not limited to known biological activities.
  • a CDR mimetibody can thus be screened for a corresponding activity according to known methods, such as at least one neutralizing activity towards a protein or fragment thereof.
  • the present invention also provides at least one composition comprising (a) an isolated CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant encoding nucleic acid and/or CDR mimetibody as described herein; and (b) a suitable carrier or diluent.
  • the carrier or diluent can optionally be pharmaceutically acceptable, according to known methods.
  • the composition can optionally further comprise at least one further compound, protein or composition.
  • the present invention also provides at least one method for expressing at least one CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant in a host cell, comprising culturing a host cell as described herein and/or as known in the art under conditions wherein at least one CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant is expressed in detectable and/or recoverable amounts.
  • the present invention further provides at least one CDR mimetibody, specified portion or variant in a method or composition, when administered in a therapeutically effective amount, for modulation, for treating or reducing the symptoms of a(n) anemia; a(n) immune/autoimmune; and/or a(n) cancer/infecteous, as needed in many different conditions, such as but not limited to, prior to, subsequent to, or during a related disease or treatment condition, as known in the art.
  • the present invention further provides at least one CDR mimetibody, specified portion or variant in a method or composition, when administered in a therapeutically effective amount, for modulation, for treating or reducing the symptoms of, at least one immune, cardiovascular, infectious, malignant, and/or neurologic disease in a cell, tissue, organ, animal or patient and/or, as needed in many different conditions, such as but not limited to, prior to, subsequent to, or during a related disease or treatment condition, as known in the art and/or as described herein.
  • the present invention also provides at least one composition, device and/or method of delivery of a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of at least one CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant, according to the present invention.
  • the present invention further provides at least one anti-idiotype antibody to at least one CDR mimetibody of the present invention.
  • the anti-idiotype antibody includes any protein or peptide containing molecule that comprises at least a portion of an immunoglobulin molecule, such as but not limited to at least one complimetarity determing region (CDR) of a heavy or light chain or a ligand binding portion thereof, a heavy chain or light chain variable region, a heavy chain or light chain constant region, a framework region, or any portion thereof, that can be incorporated into a CDR mimetibody of the present invention.
  • a CDR mimetibody of the invention can include or be derived from any mammal, such as but not limited to a human, a mouse, a rabbit, a rat, a rodent, a primate, and the like.
  • the present invention provides, in one aspect, isolated nucleic acid molecules comprising, complementary, or hybridizing to, a polynucleotide encoding at least one CDR mimetibody anti- idiotype antibody, comprising at least one specified sequence, domain, portion or variant thereof.
  • the present invention further provides recombinant vectors comprising said CDR mimetibody anti-idiotype antibody encoding nucleic acid molecules, host cells containing such nucleic acids and/or recombinant vectors, as well as methods of making and/or using such anti-idiotype antiobody nucleic acids, vectors and/or host cells.
  • the present invention also provides at least one method for expressing at least one CDR mimetibody, or CDR mimetibody anti-idiotype antibody, in a host cell, comprising culturing a host cell as described herein under conditions wherein at least one CDR mimetibody or anti-idiotype antibody is expressed in detectable and/or recoverable amounts.
  • the present invention also provides at least one composition
  • a composition comprising (a) an isolated CDR mimetibody encoding nucleic acid and/or CDR mimetibody as described herein; and (b) a suitable carrier or diluent.
  • the carrier or diluent can optionally be pharmaceutically acceptable, according to known carriers or diluents.
  • the composition can optionally further comprise at least one further compound, protein or composition.
  • the present invention further provides at least one CDR mimetibody method or composition, for administering a therapeutically effective amount to modulate or treat at least one protein related condition in a cell, tissue, organ, animal or patient and/or, prior to, subsequent to, or during a related condition, as known in the art and/or as described herein.
  • the present invention also provides at least one composition, device and/or method of delivery of a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of at least one CDR mimetibody, according to the present invention.
  • the present invention further provides at least one CDR mimetibody method or composition, for diagnosing at least one protein related condition in a cell, tissue, organ, animal or patient and/or, prior to, subsequent to, or during a related condition, as known in the art and/or as described herein.
  • the present invention also provides at least one composition, device and/or method of delivery for diagnosing of at least one CDR mimetibody, according to the present invention.
  • the present invention provides at least one isolated mammalian CDR mimetibody, comprising at least one variable region comprising at least a portion of at least one CDR that further comprises at least one of SEQID NOS: 1-1109.
  • the present invention provides at least one isolated mammalian CDR mimetibody, comprising either (i) all of the heavy chain complimentarity determining regions (CDR); or (ii) all of the light chain CDR amino acids sequences.
  • the present invention provides at least one isolated mammalian CDR mimetibody, comprising at least a portion of at least one heavy chain or light chain CDR having inserted therein at least one amino acid sequence of SEQID NOS: 1-1110
  • the present invention provides at least one isolated mammalian CDR mimetibody, comprising at least one human CDR, wherein the CDR mimetibody specifically binds at least one epitope comprising at least 1-3 of at least one ligand or binding region which ligand binds to at least a portion of at least one of SEQID NOS: 1-1109.
  • the at least one CDR mimetibody can optionally further at least one of: bind protein with an affinity of at least one selected from at least 10 "9 M, at least 10 "10 M, at least 10 " ⁇ M, or at least 10 "12 M; substantially neutralize at least one activity of at least one protein or portion thereof.
  • an isolated nucleic acid encoding at least one isolated mammalian CDR mimetibody; an isolated nucleic acid vector comprising the isolated nucleic acid, and/or a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cell comprising the isolated nucleic acid.
  • the host cell can optionally be at least one selected from COS-1, COS-7, HEK293, BHK21, CHO, BSC-1, Hep G2, 653, SP2/0, 293, HeLa, myeloma, or lymphoma cells, or any derivative, immortalized or transformed cell thereof.
  • a method for producing at least one CDR mimetibody comprising translating the CDR mimetibody encoding nucleic acid under conditions in vitro, in vivo or in situ, such that the CDR mimetibody is expressed in detectable or recoverable amounts.
  • a composition comprising at least one isolated mammalian CDR mimetibody and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
  • the composition can optionally further comprise an effective amount of at least one compound or protein selected from at least one of a detectable label or reporter, a TNF antagonist, an antirheu atic, a muscle relaxant, a narcotic, a non- steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NTHE), an analgesic, an anesthetic, a sedative, a local anethetic, a neuromuscular blocker, an antimicrobial, an antipsoriatic, a corticosteriod, an anabolic steroid, an erythropoietin, an immunization, an immunoglobulin, an immunosuppressive, a growth hormone, a hormone replacement drug, a radiopharmaceutical, an antidepressant, an antipsychotic, a stimulant, an asthma medication, a beta agonist, an inhaled steroid, an epinephrine or analog, a cytokine, or a cytokine antagonist.
  • a detectable label or reporter
  • the present invention further provides an anti-idiotype antibody or fragment that specifically binds at least one isolated mammalian protein antibody of the present invention.
  • Also provided is a method for diagnosing or treating a protein related condition in a cell, tissue, organ or animal comprising (a) contacting or administering a composition comprising an effective amount of at least one isolated mammalian CDR mimetibody of the invention with, or to, the cell, tissue, organ or animal.
  • the method can optionally further comprise using an effective amount of 0.001-50 mg/kilogram of the cells, tissue, organ or animal.
  • the method can optionally further comprise using the contacting or the administrating by at least one mode selected from parenteral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intrarticular, intrabronchial, intraabdominal, intracapsular, intracartilaginous, intracavitary, intracelial, intracelebellar, intracerebroventricular, intracolic, intracervical, intragastric, intrahepatic, intramyocardial, intraosteal, intrapelvic, intrapericardiac, intraperitoneal, intrapleural, intraprostatic, intrapulmonary, intrarectal, intrarenal, intraretinal, intraspinal, intrasynovial, intrathoracic, intrauterine, intravesical, bolus, vaginal, rectal, buccal, sublingual, intranasal, or transdermal.
  • parenteral subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intrarticular, intrabronchial, intraabdominal, intracapsular, intracartilaginous, intracavitary,
  • the method can optionally further comprise administering, prior, concurrently or after the (a) contacting or administering, at least one composition comprising an effective amount of at least one compound or protein selected from at least one of a detectable label or reporter, a TNF antagonist, an antirheumatic, a muscle relaxant, a narcotic, a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), an analgesic, an anesthetic, a sedative, a local anethetic, a neuromuscular blocker, an antimicrobial, an antipsoriatic, a corticosteriod, an anabolic steroid, an erythropoietin, an immunization, an immunoglobulin, an immunosuppressive, a growth hormone, a hormone replacement drug, a radiopharmaceutical, an antidepressant, an antipsychotic, a stimulant, an asthma medication, a beta agonist, an inhaled steroid, an epinephrine or analog, a
  • a medical device comprising at least one isolated mammalian CDR mimetibody of the invention, wherein the device is suitable to contacting or administerting the at least one CDR mimetibody by at least one mode selected from parenteral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intrarticular, intrabronchial, intraabdominal, mtracapsular, intracartilaginous, intracavitary, intracelial, intracelebellar, intracerebroventricular, intracolic, intracervical, intragastric, intrahepatic, intramyocardial, intraosteal, intrapelvic, intrapericardiac, intraperitoneal, intrapleural, intraprostatic, intrapulmonary, intrarectal, intrarenal, intraretinal, intraspinal, intrasynovial, intrathoracic, intrauterine, intravesical, bolus, vaginal, rectal, buccal, sublingual, intranasal, or transdermal.
  • parenteral subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous
  • an article of manufacture for human pharmaceutical or diagnostic use comprising packaging material and a container comprising a solution or a lyophilized form of at least one isolated mammalian CDR mimetibody of the present invention.
  • the article of manufacture can optionally comprise having the container as a component of a parenteral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intrarticular, intrabronchial, intraabdominal, intracapsular, intracartilaginous, intracavitary, intracelial, intracelebellar, intracerebroventricular, intracolic, intracervical, intragastric, intrahepatic, intramyocardial, intraosteal, intrapelvic, intrapericardiac, intraperitoneal, intrapleural, intraprostatic, intrapulmonary, intrarectal, intrarenal, intraretinal, intraspinal, intrasynovial, intrathoracic, intrauterine, intravesical, bolus, vaginal, rectal, buccal, sublingual, intranasal, or transderma
  • the present invention also provides at least one method for expressing at least one CDR mimetibody, or anti-idiotype antibody, in a host cell, comprising culturing a host cell as described herein under conditions wherein at least one CDR mimetibody is expressed in detectable and/or recoverable amounts.
  • the present invention further provides any invention described herein.
  • the present invention provides isolated, recombinant and/or synthetic mimetibodies or specified portions or variants, as well as compositions and encoding nucleic acid molecules comprising at least one polynucleotide encoding at least one CDR mimetibody.
  • Such mimetibodies or specified portions or variants of the present invention comprise specific CDR mimetibody sequences, domains, fragments and specified variants thereof, and methods of making and using said nucleic acids and mimetibodies or specified portions or variants, including therapeutic compositions, methods and devices.
  • a "CDR mimetibody,” “CDR mimetibody portion,” or “CDR mimetibody fragment” and/or “CDR mimetibody variant” and the like mimics, has or simulates at least one ligand binding or at least one biological activity of at least one protein, such as ligand binding or activity in vitro, in situ and/or preferably in vivo.
  • a suitable CDR mimetibody, specified portion or variant of the present invention can bind at least one protein ligand and includes at least one protein ligand, receptor, soluble receptor, and the like.
  • a suitable CDR mimetibody, specified portion, or variant can also modulate, increase, modify, activate, at least one protein receptor signaling or other measurable or detectable activity.
  • Mimetibodies useful in the methods and compositions of the present invention are characterized by suitable affinity binding to protein ligands or receptors and optionally and preferably having low toxicity.
  • a CDR mimetibody where the individual components, such as the variable region, constant region and framework, or any portion thereof (e.g., a portion of the J, D or V rgions of the variable heavy or light chain; the hinge region, the constant heavy chain or light chain, and the like) individually and/or collectively optionally and preferably possess low immunogenicity, is useful in the present invention.
  • the mimetibodies that can be used in the invention are optionally characterized by their ability to treat patients for extended periods with good to excellent alleviation of symptoms and low toxicity.
  • Low immunogenicity and/or high affinity, as well as other undefined properties, may contribute to the therapeutic results achieved.
  • Low immunogenicity is defined herein as raising significant HAMA, HACA or HAHA responses in less than about 75%, or preferably less than about 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 35, 20, 15, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, >,' 2, and/or 1 % of the patients treated and/or raising low titres in the patient treated (less than about 300, preferably less than about 100 measured with a double antigen enzyme immunoassay) (see, e.g., Elliott et ah, Lancet 344: 1125-1127 (1994)).
  • the isolated nucleic acids of the present invention can be used for production of at least one CDR mimetibody, fragment or specified variant thereof, which can be used to effect in an cell, tissue, organ or animal (including mammals and humans), to modulate, treat, alleviate, help prevent the incidence of, or reduce the symptoms of, at least one protein related condition, selected from, but not limited to, at least one of an immune disorder or disease, a cardiovascular disorder or disease, an infectious, malignant, and/or neurologic disorder or disease, a(n) anemia; a(n) immune/autoimmune; and/or a(n) cancer/infecteous, as well as other known or specified protein related conditions.
  • Such a method can comprise administering an effective amount of a composition or a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant to a cell, tissue, organ, animal or patient in need of such modulation, treatment, alleviation, prevention, or reduction in symptoms, effects or mechanisms.
  • the effective amount can comprise an amount of about 0.0001 to 500 mg/kg per single or multiple administration, or to achieve a serum concentration of 0.001-5000 ⁇ g/ml serum concentration per single or multiple adminstration, or any effective range or value therein, as done and determined using known methods, as described herein or known in the relevant arts.
  • CDR mimetibody is intended to encompass any antibody fragment where a protein is inserted into, or replaces a portion of, one or more CDR regions (e.g., CDR1, CDR2 or CDR3, heavy chain or light chain), the combination of the protein and the CDR or portion thereof designated a ligand binding region (LBR) of the CDR mimetibody.
  • CDR regions e.g., CDR1, CDR2 or CDR3, heavy chain or light chain
  • LBR ligand binding region
  • Such mimetibodies include those that mimic the structure and/or function of at least one protein or fragment or analog.
  • Functional protions of at least one CDR mimetibody of the present invention include at least one ligand- or antigen-binding fragment that bindd to at least one protein ligand or receptor.
  • CDR mimetibody fragments capable of binding to human ligands or portions thereof, including, but not limited to mimetics of Fv, Fab, Fab' and F(ab') 2 fragments, and any other portion of an antibody, further comprising at least one ligand binding region (LBR) are encompassed by the present invention.
  • LBR ligand binding region
  • mimetibodies comprise at least one ligand binding region (LBR) that corresponds to at least one portion of at least one complementarity determining region (CDR, e.g., CDR1, CDR2 or CDR3 of HC or LC variable region) of at least one antibody or fragment or portion thereof where at least one ligand protein is inserted into or replaces at least a portion of at least one CDR of the antibody or portion thereof.
  • LBR ligand binding region
  • CDR complementarity determining region
  • Such mimetibodies of the present invention thus provide at least one suitable property as compared to known proteins, such as, but not limited to, at least one of increased half-life, increased activity, more specific activity, increased avidity, increased or descrease off rate, a selected or more suitable subset of activities, less immieuxicity, increased quality or duration of at least one desired therapeutic effect, less side effects, and the like.
  • Such fragments can be produced by enzymatic cleavage, synthetic or recombinant techniques, as known in the art and/or as described herein. For example, papain or pepsin cleavage can generate CDR mimetibody Fab or F(ab') 2 fragments, respectively.
  • Mimetibodies can also be produced in a variety of truncated forms using antibody genes in which one or more stop codons have been introduced upstream of the natural stop site.
  • a chimeric gene encoding a F(ab') 2 heavy chain portion can be designed to include DNA sequences encoding the CHi domain and/or hinge region of the heavy chain.
  • the various portions of mimetibodies can be joined together chemically by conventional techniques, or can be prepared as a contiguous protein using genetic engineering techniques.
  • a nucleic acid encoding the variable and constant regions of a human antibody chain can be expressed to produce a contiguous protein for use in mimetibodies of the present invention. See, e.g., Ladner et al, U.S. Patent No. 4,946,778 and Bird, R.E. et al, Science, 242: 423-426 (1988), regarding single chain mimetibodies.
  • human antibody refers to an antibody in which substantially every part of the protein (e.g., LBR, framework, C , C H domains (e.g., C H I, C H 2, C H 3), hinge, (V L , V H )) is substantially non-immunogenic, with only minor sequence changes or variations. Such changes or variations optionally and preferably retain or reduce the immunogenicity in humans relative to non- modified human antibodies, or mimetibodies of the prsent invention. Thus, a human antibody and corresponding CDR mimetibody of the present invention is distinct from a chimeric or humanized antibody.
  • a human antibody and CDR mimetibody can be produced by a non- human animal or cell that is capable of expressing functionally rearranged human immunoglobulin (e.g., heavy chain and/or light chain) genes, and for a CDR mimetibody, wherein at least one Ig CDR is replaced by an LBR of at least one ligand protein or fragment.
  • functionally rearranged human immunoglobulin e.g., heavy chain and/or light chain
  • Human mimetibodies that are specific for at least one protein ligand or receptor thereof can be designed against an appropriate ligand, such as isolated and/or protein receptor or ligand, or a portion thereof (including synthetic molecules, such as synthetic peptides). Preparation of such mimetibodies are performed using known techniques to identify and characterize ligand binding regions or sequences of at least one protein or portion thereof.
  • At least one CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant of the present invention is produced by at least one cell line, mixed cell line, immortalized cell or clonal population of immortalized and/or cultured cells.
  • Immortalized protein producing cells can be produced using suitable methods.
  • the at least one CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant is generated by providing nucleic acid or vectors comprising DNA derived or having a substantially similar sequence to, at least one human immunoglobulin locus that is functionally rearranged, or which can undergo functional rearrangement, and which further comprises at least one CDR that has been replaced by at least one LBR specific for at least one protein ligand, the resulting nucleic acid encoding at least one CDR mimetibody, or specified portion or variant according to the present invention.
  • the term "functionally rearranged,” as used herein refers to a segment of nucleic acid from an immunoglobulin locus that has undergone N(D)J recombination, thereby producing an immunoglobulin gene that encodes an immunoglobulin chain (e.g., heavy chain, light chain), or any portion thereof.
  • a functionally rearranged immunoglobulin gene can be directly or indirectly identified using suitable methods, such as, for example, nucleotide sequencing, hybridization (e.g., Southern blotting, Northern blotting) using probes that can anneal to coding joints between gene segments or enzymatic amplification of immunoglobulin genes (e.g., polymerase chain reaction) with primers that can anneal to coding joints between gene segments.
  • Whether a cell produces an CDR mimetibody or portion or variant comprising a particular variable region or a variable region comprising a particular sequence can also be determined using suitable methods.
  • Mimetibodies, specified portions and variants of the present invention can also be prepared using at least one CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant encoding nucleic acid to provide transgenic animals or mammals, such as goats, cows, horses, sheep, and the like, that produce such mimetibodies or specified portions or variants in their milk.
  • Such animals can be provided using known methods as applied for antibody encoding sequences. See, e.g., but not limited to, US patent nos. 5,827,690; 5,849,992; 4,873,316; 5,849,992; 5,994,616; 5,565,362; 5,304,489, and the like, each of which is entirely incorporated herein by reference.
  • Mimetibodies, specified portions and variants of the present invention can additionally be prepared using at least one CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant encoding nucleic acid to provide transgenic plants and cultured plant cells (e.g., but not limited to tobacco and maize) that produce such mimetibodies, specified portions or variants in the plant parts or in cells cultured therefrom.
  • transgenic tobacco leaves expressing recombinant proteins have been successfully used to provide large amounts of recombinant proteins, e.g., using an inducible promoter. See, e.g., Cramer et al., Curr. Top. Microbol. Immunol. 240:95-118 (1999) and references cited therein.
  • transgenic maize have been used to express mammalian proteins at commercial production levels, with biological activities equivalent to those produced in other recombinant systems or purified from natural sources. See, e.g., Hood et al., Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 464:127-147 (1999) and references cited therein.
  • Antibodies have also been produced in large amounts from transgenic plant seeds including antibody fragments, such as single chain mimetibodies (scFv's), including tobacco seeds and potato tubers. See, e.g., Conrad et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 38:101-109 (1998) and references cited therein.
  • mimetibodies, specified portions and variants of the present invention can also be produced using transgenic plants, according to know methods. See also, e.g., Fischer et al., Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 30:99-108 (Oct., 1999), Ma et al., Trends Biotechnol. 13:522-7 (1995); Ma et al., Plant Physiol. 109:341-6 (1995); Whitelam et al., Biochem. Soc. Trans. 22:940-944 (1994); and references cited therein. The above references are entirely incorporated herein by reference.
  • the mimetibodies of the invention can bind human protein ligands with a wide range of affinities (K D ).
  • At least one human CDR mimetibody of the present invention can optionally bind at least one protein ligand with high affinity.
  • at least one CDR mimetibody of the present invention can bind at least one protein ligand with a K D equal to or less than about 10 "9 M or, more preferably, with a K D equal to or less than about 0.1-9.9 (or any range or value therein) X 10 "10 M, 10 "11 , 10 "12 , 10 "13 or any range or value therein.
  • the affinity or avidity of a CDR mimetibody for at least one protein ligand can be determined experimentally using any suitable method, e.g., as used for determing antibody-antigen binding affinity or avidity.
  • any suitable method e.g., as used for determing antibody-antigen binding affinity or avidity.
  • the measured affinity of a particular CDR mimetibody-ligand interaction can vary if measured under different conditions (e.g., salt concentration, pH).
  • measurements of affinity and other ligand-binding parameters are preferably made with standardized solutions of CDR mimetibody and ligand, and a standardized buffer, such as the buffer described herein.
  • nucleotide sequences encoding at least 90- 100% of the contiguous amino acids of at least one of SEQID NOS:1-1009 as well as at least one portion of an antibody, wherein the above sequences are inserted into or replace at least one CDR of at least one antibody to provide a CDR mimetibody of the present invention, further comprising specified fragments, variants or consensus sequences thereof, or a deposited vector comprising at least one of these sequences
  • a nucleic acid molecule of the present invention encoding at least one CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant can be obtained using methods described herein or as known in the art.
  • Nucleic acid molecules of the present invention can be in the form of RNA, such as mRNA, hnRNA, tRNA or any other form, or in the form of DNA, including, but not limited to, cDNA and genomic DNA obtained by cloning or produced synthetically, or any combination thereof.
  • the DNA can be triple-stranded, double-stranded or single-stranded, or any combination thereof. Any portion of at least one strand of the DNA or RNA can be the coding strand, also known as the sense strand, or it can be the non-coding strand, also referred to as the anti-sense strand.
  • Isolated nucleic acid molecules of the present invention can include nucleic acid molecules comprising an open reading frame (ORF), optionally with one or more introns, e.g., but not limited to, at least one specified portion of at least one LBR, as LBR1, LBR2 and/or LBR3 of at least one heavy chain or light chain; nucleic acid molecules comprising the coding sequence for a CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant; and nucleic acid molecules which comprise a nucleotide sequence substantially different from those described above but which, due to the degeneracy of the genetic code, still encode at least one CDR mimetibody as described herein and/or as known in the art.
  • ORF open reading frame
  • introns e.g., but not limited to, at least one specified portion of at least one LBR, as LBR1, LBR2 and/or LBR3 of at least one heavy chain or light chain
  • nucleic acid molecules comprising the coding sequence for a CDR mimetibody or specified portion
  • nucleic acid variants that code for specific CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variants of the present invention. See, e.g., Ausubel, et al., supra, and such nucleic acid variants are included in the present invention.
  • the invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding a(n) CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant having an amino acid sequence as encoded by the nucleic acid contained in the plasmid deposited as designated clone names and ATCC Deposit Nos. , respectively, deposited on
  • nucleic acid molecules of the present invention which comprise a nucleic acid encoding a CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant can include, but are not limited to, those encoding the amino acid sequence of a CDR mimetibody fragment, by itself; the coding sequence for the entire CDR mimetibody or a portion thereof; the coding sequence for a CDR mimetibody, fragment or portion, as well as additional sequences, such as the coding sequence of at least one signal leader or fusion peptide, with or without the aforementioned additional coding sequences, such as at least one intron, together with additional, non-coding sequences, including but not limited to, non- coding 5' and 3' sequences, such as the transcribed, non-translated sequences that play a role in transcription, mRNA processing, including splicing and polyadenylation signals (for example - ribosome binding and stability of mRNA); an additional coding sequence that codes for additional amino acids, such as those that provide additional functional
  • sequence encoding a CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant can be fused to a marker sequence, such as a sequence encoding a peptide that facilitates purification of the fused CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant comprising a CDR mimetibody fragment or portion.
  • the present invention provides isolated nucleic acids that hybridize under selective hybridization conditions to a polynucleotide disclosed herein, or others disclosed herein, including specified variants or portions thereof.
  • the polynucleotides of this embodiment can be used for isolating, detecting, and/or quantifying nucleic acids comprising such polynucleotides.
  • Low or moderate stringency hybridization conditions are typically, but not exclusively, employed with sequences having a reduced sequence identity relative to complementary sequences. Moderate and high stringency conditions can optionally be employed for sequences of greater identity. Low stringency conditions allow selective hybridization of sequences having about 40-99% sequence identity and can be employed to identify orthologous or paralogous sequences.
  • polynucleotides of this invention will encode at least a portion of a CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant encoded by the polynucleotides described herein.
  • the polynucleotides of this invention embrace nucleic acid sequences that can be employed for selective hybridization to a polynucleotide encoding a CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant of the present invention. See, e.g., Ausubel, supra; Colligan, supra, each entirely incorporated herein by reference.
  • the isolated nucleic acids of the present invention can be made using (a) recombinant methods, (b) synthetic techniques, (c) purification techniques, or combinations thereof, as well-known in the art.
  • the nucleic acids can conveniently comprise sequences in addition to a polynucleotide of the present invention.
  • a multi-cloning site comprising one or more endonuclease restriction sites can be inserted into the nucleic acid to aid in isolation of the polynucleotide.
  • translatable sequences can be inserted to aid in the isolation of the translated polynucleotide of the present invention.
  • a hexa-histidine marker sequence provides a convenient means to purify the proteins of the present invention.
  • the nucleic acid of the present invention - excluding the coding sequence - is optionally a vector, adapter, or linker for cloning and/or expression of a polynucleotide of the present invention.
  • Additional sequences can be added to such cloning and/or expression sequences to optimize their function in cloning and/or expression, to aid in isolation of the polynucleotide, or to improve the introduction of the polynucleotide into a cell.
  • Use of cloning vectors, expression vectors, adapters, and linkers is well known in the art. See, e.g., Ausubel, supra; or Sambrook, supra. Recombinant Methods for Constructing Nucleic Acids
  • RNA, cDNA, genomic DNA, or any combination thereof can be obtained from biological sources using any number of cloning methodologies known to those of skill in the art.
  • oligonucleotide probes that selectively hybridize, under suitable stringency conditions, to the polynucleotides of the present invention are used to identify the desired sequence in a cDNA or genomic DNA library.
  • the isolation of RNA, and construction of cDNA and genomic libraries, is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. (See, e.g., Ausubel, supra; or Sambrook, supra). Synthetic Methods for Constructing Nucleic Acids
  • the isolated nucleic acids of the present invention can also be prepared by direct chemical synthesis by known methods (see, e.g., Ausubel, et al., supra). Chemical synthesis generally produces a single-stranded oligonucleotide, which can be converted into double-stranded DNA by hybridization with a complementary sequence, or by polymerization with a DNA polymerase using the single strand as a template.
  • Chemical synthesis of DNA can be limited to sequences of about 100 or more bases, longer sequences can be obtained by the ligation of shorter sequences.
  • the present invention further provides recombinant expression cassettes comprising a nucleic acid of the present invention.
  • a nucleic acid sequence of the present invention for example a cDNA or a genomic sequence encoding a CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant of the present invention, can be used to construct a recombinant expression cassette that can be introduced into at least one desired host cell.
  • a recombinant expression cassette will typically comprise a polynucleotide of the present invention operably linked to transcriptional initiation regulatory sequences that will direct the transcription of the polynucleotide in the intended host cell. Both heterologous and non-heterologous (i.e., endogenous) promoters can be employed to direct expression of the nucleic acids of the present invention.
  • isolated nucleic acids that serve as promoter, enhancer, or other elements can be introduced in the appropriate position (upstream, downstream or in intron) of a non-heterologous form of a polynucleotide of the present invention so as to up or down regulate expression of a polynucleotide of the present invention.
  • endogenous promoters can be altered in vivo or in vitro by mutation, deletion and/or substitution, as known in the art.
  • a polynucleotide of the present invention can be expressed in either sense or anti-sense orientation as desired. It will be appreciated that control of gene expression in either sense or anti-sense orientation can have a direct impact on the observable characteristics. Another method of suppression is sense suppression.
  • the present invention also relates to vectors that include isolated nucleic acid molecules of the present invention, host cells that are genetically engineered with the recombinant vectors, and the production of at least one CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant by recombinant techniques, as is well known in the art. See, e.g., Sambrook, et al., supra; Ausubel, et al., supra, each entirely incorporated herein by reference.
  • the polynucleotides can optionally be joined to a vector containing a selectable marker for propagation in a host.
  • a plasmid vector is introduced into a cell using suitable known methods, such as electroporation and the like, other known methods include the use of the vector as a precipitate, such as a calcium phosphate precipitate, or in a complex with a charged lipid. If the vector is a virus, it can be packaged in vitro using an appropriate packaging cell line and then transduced into host cells.
  • the DNA insert should be operatively linked to an appropriate promoter.
  • the expression constructs will further contain sites optionally for at least one of transcription initiation, termination and, in the transcribed region, a ribosome binding site for translation.
  • the coding portion of the mature transcripts expressed by the constructs will preferably include a translation initiating at the beginning and a termination codon (e.g., UAA, UGA or UAG) appropriately positioned at the end of the mRNA to be translated, with UAA and UAG preferred for mammalian or eukaryotic cell expression.
  • Expression vectors will preferably but optionally include at least one selectable marker.
  • markers include, e.g., but not limited to, methotrexate (MTX), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR, US PatNos. 4,399,216; 4,634,665; 4,656,134; 4,956,288; 5,149,636; 5,179,017, ampicillin, neomycin (G418), mycophenolic acid, or glutamine synthetase (GS, US PatNos. 5,122,464; 5,770,359; 5,827,739) resistance for eukaryotic cell culture, and tetracycline or ampicillin resistance genes for culturing in E.
  • MTX methotrexate
  • DHFR dihydrofolate reductase
  • DHFR dihydrofolate reductase
  • DHFR dihydrofolate reductase
  • DHFR dihydrofolate reductase
  • coli and other bacteria or prokaryotics are entirely incorporated hereby by reference.
  • Appropriate culture mediums and conditions for the above-described host cells are known in the art. Suitable vectors will be readily apparent to the skilled artisan. Introduction of a vector construct into a host cell can be effected by calcium phosphate transfection, DEAE-dextran mediated transfection, cationic lipid-mediated transfection, electroporation, transduction, infection or other known methods. Such methods are described in the art, such as Sambrook, supra, Chapters 1-4 and 16-18; Ausubel, supra, Chapters 1, 9, 13, 15, 16.
  • At least one CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant of the present invention can be expressed in a modified form, such as a fusion protein, and can include not only secretion signals, but also additional heterologous functional regions. For instance, a region of additional amino acids, particularly charged amino acids, can be added to the N-terminus of a CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant to improve stability and persistence in the host cell, during purification, or during subsequent handling and storage. Also, peptide moieties can be added to a CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant of the present invention to facilitate purification. Such regions can be removed prior to final preparation of a CDR mimetibody or at least one fragment thereof.
  • mammalian cells useful for the production of the mimetibodies, specified portions or variants thereof, are mammalian cells.
  • Mammalian cell systems often will be in the form of monolayers of cells although mammalian cell suspensions or bioreactors can also be used.
  • COS-1 e.g., ATCC CRL 1650
  • COS-7 e.g., ATCC CRL-1651
  • HEK293, BHK21 e.g., ATCC CRL-10
  • CHO e.g., ATCC CRL 1610
  • BSC-1 e.g., ATCC CRL-26 cell lines
  • hepG2 cells P3X63Ag8.653, SP2/0-Agl4, 293 cells
  • HeLa cells and the like which are readily available from, for example, American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Va.
  • Preferred host cells include cells of lymphoid origin such as myeloma and lymphoma cells.
  • Particularly preferred host cells are P3X63Ag8.653 cells (ATCC Accession Number CRL-1580) and SP2/0-Agl4 cells (ATCC Accession Number CRL-1851).
  • the recombinant cell is a P3X63Ab8.653 or a SP2/0-Agl4 cell.
  • Expression vectors for these cells can include one or more of the following expression control sequences, such as, but not limited to an origin of replication; a promoter (e.g., late or early SV40 promoters, the CMV promoter (US PatNos.
  • an HSV tk promoter an HSV tk promoter, a pgk (phosphoglycerate kinase) promoter, an EF-1 alpha promoter (US Pat.No. 5,266,491), at least one human immunoglobulin promoter; an enhancer, and/or processing information sites, such as ribosome binding sites, RNA splice sites, polyadenylation sites (e.g., an SV40 large T Ag poly A addition site), and tr.anscriptional terminator sequences. See, e.g., Ausubel et al., supra; Sambrook, et al., supra.
  • nucleic acids or proteins of the present invention are known and/or available, for instance, from the American Type Culture Collection Catalogue of Cell Lines and Hybridomas (www.atcc.org) or other known or commercial sources.
  • polyadenlyation or transcription terminator sequences are typically incorporated into the vector.
  • An example of a terminator sequence is the polyadenlyation sequence from the bovine growth hormone gene. Sequences for accurate splicing of the transcript can also be included.
  • An example of a splicing sequence is the VP1 intron from SV40 (Sprague, et al., J. Virol. 45:773-781 (1983)).
  • gene sequences to control replication in the host cell can be incorporated into the vector, as known in the art.
  • a CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant can be recovered and purified from recombinant cell cultures by well-known methods including, but not limited to, protein A purification, ammonium sulfate or ethanol precipitation, acid extraction, anion or cation exchange chromatography, phosphocellulose chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, affinity chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography and lectin chromatography.
  • High performance liquid chromatography (“HPLC”) can also be employed for purification. See, e.g., Colligan, Current Protocols in Immunology, or Current Protocols in Protein Science, John Wiley & Sons, NY, NY, (1997-2000), e.g., Chapters 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, each entirely incorporated herein by reference.
  • Mimetibodies or specified portions or variants of the present invention include naturally purified products, products of chemical synthetic procedures, and products produced by recombinant techniques from a eukaryotic host, including, for example, yeast, higher plant, insect and mammalian cells.
  • a eukaryotic host including, for example, yeast, higher plant, insect and mammalian cells.
  • the CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant of the present invention can be glycosylated or can be non- glycosylated, with glycosylated preferred.
  • Such methods are described in many standard laboratory manuals, such as Sambrook, supra, Sections 17.37-17.42; Ausubel, supra, Chapters 10, 12, 13, 16, 18 and 20, Colligan, Protein Science, supra, Chapters 12-14, all entirely incorporated herein by reference.
  • the isolated mimetibodies of the present invention comprise a CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant encoded by any one of the polynucleotides of the present invention as discussed more fully herein, or any isolated or prepared CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant thereof.
  • the CDR mimetibody or ligand-binding portion or variant binds at least one protein ligand or receptor, and, thereby provides at least one biological activity of the corresponding protein or a fragment thereof.
  • Different therapeutically or diagnostically significant proteins are well known in the art and suitable assays or biological activities of such proteins are also well known in the art.
  • Peptides Any number of peptides may be used in conjunction with the present invention.
  • Non limiting examples can be
  • peptides that mimic the activity of EPO, TPO, growth hormone, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-lra, leptin, CTLA4, TRAIL, TGF- , and TGF- ⁇ .
  • Peptide antagonists are also of interest, particularly those antagonistic to the activity of TNF, leptin, any of the interleukins (IL-1 - D -23, etc.), and proteins involved in complement activation (e.g., C3b).
  • Targeting peptides are also of interest, including tumor-homing peptides, membrane-transporting peptides, and the like. All of these classes of peptides may be discovered by methods described in the references cited in this specification and other references.
  • a particularly preferred group of peptides are those that bind to cytokine receptors.
  • Cytokines have recently been classified according to their receptor code. See Inglot (1997), Archivum Immunologiae e Therapiae Experimentalis 45: 353-7, which is hereby incorporated entirely by reference.
  • Non-limiting examples of suitable peptides for this invention appear in Tables 1 through 17 below. These peptides may be prepared by methods disclosed and/or known in the art. Single letter amino acid abbreviations are used in most cases.
  • the X in these sequences (and throughout this specification, unless specified otherwise in a particular instance) means that any of the 20 naturally occurring amino acid residues or know derivatives thereof may be present, or any know modified amino acid thereof. Any of these peptides may be linked in tandem (i.e., sequentially), with or without linkers, and a few tandemlinked examples are provided in the table. Linkers are listed as " ⁇ " and may be any of the linkers described herein. Tandem repeats and linkers are shown separated by dashes for clarity.
  • Any peptide containing a cysteinyl residue may optionally be cross-linked with another Cys-containing peptide, either or both of which may be linked to a vehicle.
  • a few crosslinked examples are provided in the table.
  • Any peptide having more than one Cys residue may form an intrapeptide disulfide bond, as well; see, for example, EPO-mimetic peptides in Table 1.
  • a few examples of intrapeptide disulfide-bonded peptides are specified in the table. Any of these peptides may be derivatized as described herein, and a few derivatized examples are provided in the table. For derivatives in which the carboxyl terminus may be capped with an amino group, the capping amino group is shown as -NH 2 .
  • substitutions are denoted by a ⁇ , which signifies any of the moieties known in the art, e.g., as described in Bhatnagar et al. (1996), J. Med. Chem. 39: 3814-9 and Cuthbertson et al. (1997), J. Med. Chem. 40:2876-82, which are entirely incorporated by reference.
  • the J substituent and the Z substituents (Z 5 , Z_, ... Z 4 o) are as defined in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,608,035, 5,786,331, and 5,880,096, which are entirely incorporated herein by reference.
  • Xaa and Yaa below are as defined in WO 98/09985, published March 12,1998, which is entirely incorporated herein by reference.
  • AAi, AA 2 , ABi, AB 2 , and AC are as defined in International application WO 98/53842, published December 3, 1998, which is entirely incorporated by reference.
  • X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 in Table 14 only are as, defined in European application EP 0 911 393, published April 28,1999, entirely incorporated herein by reference.
  • Residues appearing in boldface are D-amino acids, but can be optionally L-amino acids. All peptides are linked through peptide bonds unless otherwise noted. Abbreviations are listed at the end of this specification. In the "SEQID NO.” column, "NR" means that no sequence listing is required for the given sequence.
  • VHVYWQPYSVQT 112 RLVYWQPYSVQT 113
  • SLIYWQPYSLQM 122 TRLYWQPYSVQR 123
  • EWDSVYWQPYSVQTLLR 223 WEQNVYWQPYSVQSFAD 224 SDVVYWQPYSVQSLEM 225
  • DYVWEQPYALPL 258 AHTWWQPYALPL 259 FIEWFQPYALPL 260
  • KAPFTWEESQAYYWQPYALPL 328 STSFTWEESNAYYWQPYALPL 329 DSTFTWEESNAYYWQPYALPL 330
  • GFFAL-PKHS 617 GIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWIKRKRQQ 618
  • KPIHKARPTIIRYKMI 686 cyclicCKGFFALIPK ⁇ SSPLFKTLLSAVC 687 CKKGFFALIPKIISSPLFKTLLSAVC 688
  • KKKYLD 750 cyclicCKKYLC 751 CKKYLK 752
  • SWDSSGLWMD 776 Table 10-Mdm/hdm antagonist peptide sequences
  • STGGFDDVYDWARGVSSALTTTLVATR 940 Vinculin-binding STGGFDDVYDWARRVSSALTTTLVATR 941 Vinculin-binding SRGVNFSEWLYDMSAAMKEASNVFPSRRSR 942 Vinculin-binding SSQNWDMEAGVEDLTAAMLGLLSTIHSSSR 943 Vinculin-binding SSPSLYTQFLVNYESAATRIQDLL-ASRPSR 944 Vinculin-binding SUGMIDILLGAILQRAADATRTSIPIPSLQNSIR 945 Vinculin-binding DVYTKKELIECARRVSEK 946 Vinculin-binding
  • the present invention is also particularly useful with peptides having activity in treatment of: a VEGF related condition, e.g., but not limited to, cancer, wherein the peptide is a VEGF-mimetic or a VEGF receptor antagonist, a HER2 agonist or antagonist, a CD20 antagonist and the like; asthma, wherein the protein of interest is a CKR3 antagonist, an IL-5 receptor antagonist, and the like; thrombosis, wherein the protein of interest is a GPIIb antagonist, a GP-Ha.
  • a VEGF related condition e.g., but not limited to, cancer
  • the peptide is a VEGF-mimetic or a VEGF receptor antagonist, a HER2 agonist or antagonist, a CD20 antagonist and the like
  • asthma wherein the protein of interest is a CKR3 antagonist, an IL-5 receptor antagonist, and the like
  • thrombosis wherein the protein of interest is a GPIIb antagonist,
  • autoimmune diseases and other conditions involving immune modulation wherein the protein of interest is an IL-2 receptor antagonist, a CD40 agonist or antagonist, a CD40L agonist or antagonist, a thymopoietin mimetic and the like.
  • EPO biological activities are well known in the art. See, e.g., Anagnostou A et al Erythropoietin has a mitogenic and positive chemotactic effect on endothelial cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (USA) 87: 5978-82 (1990); Fandrey J and Jelkman WE Interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibit erythropoietin production in vitro. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 628: 250-5 (1991); Geissler K et al Recombinant human erythropoietin: A multipotential hemopoietic growth factor in vivo and in vitro. Contrib. Nephrol.
  • EPO can be assayed by employing cell lines such as HCD57 , NFS-60 , TF-1 and UT-7 , which respond to the factor . EPO activity can be assessed also in a Colony formation assay by determining the number of CFU-E from bone marrow cells.
  • An alternative and entirely different detection method is RT-PCR quantitation of cytokines.
  • a CDR mimetibody, or specified portion or variant thereof, that partially or preferably substantially provides at least one biological activity of at least one protein or fragment, can bind the protein or fragment ligand and thereby provide at least one activity that is otherwise mediated through the binding of protein to at least one protein ligand or receptor or through other protein-dependent or mediated mechanisms.
  • CDR mimetibody activity refers to a CDR mimetibody that can modulate or cause at least one protein-dependent activity by about 20-10,000%, preferably by at least about 60, 70, 80, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000 % or more depending on the assay.
  • a human CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant of the invention can be similar to any class (IgG, IgA, IgM, etc.) or isotype and can comprise at least a portion of a kappa or lambda light chain, wherein at least one of the LBRs is replaced by at least one LBR as described herein.
  • the human CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant comprises an IgG heavy chain or defined fragment, for example, at least one of isotypes, IgGl, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4.
  • the human protein human CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant thereof comprises an IgGl heavy chain and a IgGl light chain.
  • At least one CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant of the invention binds at least one specified ligand specific to at least one protein, subunit, fragment, portion or any combination thereof.
  • the at least one LBR of at least one CDR mimetibody, specified portion or variant of the present invention can optionally bind at least one specified ligand epitope of the ligand.
  • the binding epitope can comprise any combination of at least one amino acid sequence of at least 1-3 amino acids to the entire specified portion of contiguous amino acids of the sequences selected from the group consisting of a protein ligand, such as a receptor or portion thereof.
  • the CDR mimetibody or ligand-binding fragment of the present invention can comprise a ligand binding region (LBR) (e.g., LBRl, LBR2 and LBR3) or variant provided in at least one heavy chain variable region and at least one ligand binding region (LBRl, LBR2 and LBR3) or variant provided in at least one light chain variable region.
  • LBR ligand binding region
  • the CDR mimetibody or ligand-binding portion or variant can comprise at least one of the heavy chain LBR3, and/or a light chain LBR3.
  • the CDR mimetibody or ligand-binding fragment can have an ligand-binding region that comprises at least a portion of at least one heavy chain LBR (i.e., LBRl, LBR2 and/or LBR3) having the amino acid sequence of the corresponding LBRs 1, 2 and/or 3).
  • the CDR mimetibody or ligand-binding portion or variant can have an ligand-binding region that comprises at least a portion of at least one light chain LBR (i.e., LBRl, LBR2 and/or LBR3) having the amino acid sequence of the corresponding LBRs 1, 2 and/or 3 (e.g., SEQID NOS: 10, 11, and/or 12).
  • Such mimetibodies can be prepared by joining together the various portions (e.g., LBRs, framework) of the CDR mimetibody using known techniques, by preparing and expressing at least one (i.e., one or more) nucleic acid molecules that encode the CDR mimetibody, using known techniques of recombinant DNA technology or by using any other suitable method, such as chemical synthesis.
  • the CDR mimetibody can comprise at least one of a heavy or light chain variable region having a defined amino acid sequence.
  • Mimetibodies that bind to human protein ligands or receptors and that comprise a defined heavy or light chain variable region can be prepared using suitable methods, such as phage display (Katsube, Y., et al, IntJMol. Med, l(5):863-868 (1998)) or methods that employ transgenic animals, as known in the art and/or as described herein.
  • the CDR mimetibody, specified portion or variant can be expressed using the encoding nucleic acid or portion thereof in a suitable host cell.
  • the invention also relates to mimetibodies, ligand-binding fragments, immunoglobulin chains and LBRs comprising amino acids in a sequence that is substantially the same as an amino acid sequence described herein.
  • mimetibodies or ligand-binding fragments and mimetibodies comprising such chains or LBRs can bind human protein ligands with high affinity (e.g., K D less than or equal to about 10 "9 M).
  • Amino acid sequences that are substantially the same as the sequences described herein include sequences comprising conservative amino acid substitutions, as well as amino acid deletions and/or insertions.
  • a conservative amino acid substitution refers to the replacement of a first amino acid by a second amino acid that has chemical and/or physical properties
  • Conservative substitutions include replacement of one amino acid by another within the following groups: lysine (K), arginine (R) and histidine (H); aspartate (D) and glutamate (E); asparagine (N), glutamine (Q), serine (S), threonine (T), tyrosine (Y), K, R, H, D and E; alanine (A), valine (V), leucine (L), isoleucine (I), proline (P), phenylalanine (F), tryptophan (W), methionine (M), cysteine (C) and glycine (G); F, W and Y; C, S and T.
  • amino acids that make up mimetibodies or specified portions or variants of the present invention are often abbreviated.
  • the amino acid designations can be indicated by designating the amino acid by its single letter code, its three letter code, name, or three nucleotide codon(s) as is well understood in the art (see Alberts, B., et al., Molecular Biology of The Cell, Third Ed., Garland Publishing, Inc.,New York, 1994):
  • a CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant of the present invention can include one or more amino acid substitutions, deletions or additions, either from natural mutations or human manipulation, as specified herein.
  • the number of amino acid substitutions a skilled artisan would make depends on many factors, including those described above. Generally speaking, the number of amino acid substitutions, insertions or deletions for at least one of a CDR mimetibody LBR, variable, constant, light or heavy chain, or Ig will not be more than 40, 30, 20,19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 amino acids, such as 1-30 or any range or value therein, as specified herein.
  • Amino acids in a CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant of the present invention that are essential for function can be identified by methods known in the art, such as site-directed mutagenesis or alanine-scanning mutagenesis (e.g., Ausubel, supra, Chapters 8, 15; Cunningham and Wells, Science 244:1081-1085 (1989)).
  • site-directed mutagenesis or alanine-scanning mutagenesis e.g., Ausubel, supra, Chapters 8, 15; Cunningham and Wells, Science 244:1081-1085 (1989)
  • the latter procedure introduces single alanine mutations at every residue in the molecule.
  • the resulting mutant molecules are then tested for biological activity, such as, but not limited to at least one protein related activity, as specified herein or as known in the art.
  • Sites that are critical for CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant binding can also be identified by structural analysis such as crystallization, nuclear magnetic resonance or photoaffinity labeling (Smith, et al., J. Mol. Biol. 224:899-904 (1992) and de Vos, et al., Science 255:306-312 (1992)).
  • Mimetibodies or specified portions or variants of the present invention can comprise, but are not limited to, at least one portion, sequence or combination selected from 3 to all the of at least one of SEQID NOS: 1-1109.
  • Non-limiting variants that can enhance or maintain at least one of the listed activities include, but are not limited to, any of the above polypeptides, further comprising at least one mutation corresponding to at least one substitution , insertion or deletion that does not significantly affect the suitable biological activtities or functions of said CDR mimetibody.
  • A(n) CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant can further optionally comprise at least one functional portion of at least one polypeptide of at least one of 90-100% of SEQID NOS:1-1109.
  • a CDR mimetibody can further optionally comprise an amino acid sequence selected from one or more of SEQID NOS: 1-1109.
  • the amino acid sequence of an immunoglobulin chain, or portion thereof has about 90-100% identity (i.e., 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100 or any range or value therein) to the corresponding amino acid sequence of the corresponding portion of at least one of SEQID NOS: 1-1109.
  • 90-100% amino acid identity i.e., 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100 or any range or value therein
  • 90-100% amino acid identity is determined using a suitable computer algorithm, as known in the art.
  • Mimetibodies or specified portions or variants of the present invention can comprise any number of contiguous amino acid residues from a CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant of the present invention, wherein that number is selected from the group of integers consisting of from 10-100% of the number of contiguous residues in a CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant, including specified LBR sequences.
  • this subsequence of contiguous amino acids is at least about 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250 or more amino acids in length, or any range or value therein.
  • the number of such subsequences can be any integer selected from the group consisting of from 1 to 20, such as at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or more.
  • the present invention includes at least one biologically active CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant of the present invention.
  • Biologically active mimetibodies or specified portions or variants have a specific activity at least 20%, 30%, or 40%, and preferably at least 50%, 60%, or 70%, and most preferably at least 80%, 90%, or 95%-1000% of that of the native (non-synthetic), endogenous or related and known inserted or fused protein or specified portion or variant.
  • Methods of assaying and quantifying measures of enzymatic activity and substrate specificity are well known to those of skill in the art.
  • the invention relates to human mimetibodies and ligand-binding fragments, as described herein, which are modified by the covalent attachment of an organic moiety.
  • modification can produce a CDR mimetibody or ligand-binding fragment with improved pharmacokinetic properties (e.g., increased in vivo serum half-life).
  • the organic moiety can be a linear or branched hydrophilic polymeric group, fatty acid group, or fatty acid ester group.
  • the hydrophilic polymeric group can have a molecular weight of about 800 to about 120,000 Daltons and can be a polyalkane glycol (e.g., polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol (PPG)), carbohydrate polymer, amino acid polymer or polyvinyl pyrolidone, and the fatty acid or fatty acid ester group can comprise from about eight to about forty carbon atoms.
  • a polyalkane glycol e.g., polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol (PPG)
  • carbohydrate polymer e.g., amino acid polymer or polyvinyl pyrolidone
  • the fatty acid or fatty acid ester group can comprise from about eight to about forty carbon atoms.
  • the modified mimetibodies and ligand-binding fragments of the invention can comprise one or more organic moieties that are covalently bonded, directly or indirectly, to the CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant.
  • Each organic moiety that is bonded to a CDR mimetibody or ligand- binding fragment of the invention can independently be a hydrophilic polymeric group, a fatty acid group or a fatty acid ester group.
  • fatty acid encompasses mono-carboxylic acids and di-carboxylic acids.
  • Hydrophilic polymers suitable for modifying mimetibodies of the invention can be linear or branched and include, for example, polyalkane glycols (e.g., PEG, monomethoxy-polyethylene glycol (mPEG), PPG and the like), carbohydrates (e.g., dextran, cellulose, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and the like), polymers of hydrophilic amino acids (e.g., polylysine, polyarginine, polyaspartate and the like), polyalkane oxides (e.g., polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide and the like) and polyvinyl pyrolidone.
  • the hydrophilic polymer that modifies the hydrophilic polymer that modifies the hydrophilic amino acids e.g., polylysine, polyarginine, polyaspartate and the like
  • polyalkane oxides e.g., polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide and the like
  • polyvinyl pyrolidone
  • CDR mimetibody of the invention has a molecular weight of about 800 to about 150,000 Daltons as a separate molecular entity.
  • PEG 250 o, PEG 50 oo, PEG7500, PEG9000, PEG ⁇ oooo,PEG ⁇ 250 o, PEG 15000 , and PEG 2 o,ooo, wherein the subscript is the average molecular weight of the polymer in Daltons can be used.
  • the hydrophilic polymeric group can be substituted with one to about six alkyl, fatty acid or fatty acid ester groups. Hydrophilic polymers that are substituted with a fatty acid or fatty acid ester group can be prepared by employing suitable methods.
  • a polymer comprising an amine group can be coupled to a carboxylate of the fatty acid or fatty acid ester, and an activated carboxylate (e.g., activated with N,N-carbonyl diimidazole) on a fatty acid or fatty acid ester can be coupled to a hydroxyl group on a polymer.
  • an activated carboxylate e.g., activated with N,N-carbonyl diimidazole
  • Fatty acids and fatty acid esters suitable for modifying mimetibodies of the invention can be saturated or can contain one or more units of unsaturation.
  • Fatty acids that are suitable for modifying mimetibodies of the invention include, for example, n-dodecanoate ( 2 , laurate), n-tetradecanoate (Cu, myristate), n-octadecanoate ( s, stearate), n-eicosanoate (C 2 o, arachidate) , n-docosanoate (C 2 , behenate), n-triacontanoate (C 30 ), n-tetracontanoate (C o), cw- ⁇ 9-octadecanoate (C ⁇ S , oleate), all cis- ⁇ 5,8,l l,14-eicosatetraenoate (C 20 , arachidonate), octanedioic acid
  • Suitable fatty acid esters include mono-esters of dicarboxylic acids that comprise a linear or branched lower alkyl group.
  • the lower alkyl group can comprise from one to about twelve, preferably one to about six, carbon atoms.
  • the modified human mimetibodies and ligand-binding fragments can be prepared using suitable methods, such as by reaction with one or more modifying agents.
  • activating group is a chemical moiety or functional group that can, under appropriate conditions, react with a second chemical group thereby forming a covalent bond between the modifying agent and the second chemical group.
  • amine-reactive activating groups include electrophilic groups such as tosylate, mesylate, halo (chloro, bro o, fluoro, iodo), N-hydroxysuccinimidyl esters (NHS), and the like.
  • Activating groups that can react with thiols include, for example, maleimide, iodoacetyl, acrylolyl, pyridyl disulfides, 5-thiol-2- nitrobenzoic acid thiol (TNB-thiol), and the like.
  • An aldehyde functional group can be coupled to amine- or hydrazide-containing molecules, and an azide group can react with a trivalent phosphorous group to form phosphoramidate or phosphorimide linkages.
  • Suitable methods to introduce activating groups into molecules are known in the art (see for example, Hermanson, G. T., Bioconjugate Techniques, Academic Press: San Diego, CA (1996)).
  • An activating group can be bonded directly to the organic group (e.g., hydrophilic polymer, fatty acid, fatty acid ester), or through a linker moiety, for example a divalent C 1 -C 12 group wherein one or more carbon atoms can be replaced by a heteroatom such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur.
  • Suitable linker moieties include, for example, tetraethylene glycol, -(CH 2 ) 3 -, -NH-(CH 2 ) 6 -NH-, -(CH 2 ) 2 -NH- and -CH 2 -0-CH 2 -CH 2 -0-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -0-CH-NH-.
  • Modifying agents that comprise a linker moiety can be produced, for example, by reacting a mono-Boc- alkyldiamine (e.g., mono-Boc-ethylenediamine, mono-Boc-diaminohexane) with a fatty acid in the presence of l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) to form an amide bond between the free amine and the fatty acid carboxylate.
  • a mono-Boc- alkyldiamine e.g., mono-Boc-ethylenediamine, mono-Boc-diaminohexane
  • EDC l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide
  • the Boc protecting group can be removed from the product by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) to expose a primary amine that can be coupled to another carboxylate as described, or can be reacted with maleic anhydride and the resulting product cyclized to produce an activated maleimido derivative of the fatty acid.
  • TFA trifluoroacetic acid
  • the modified mimetibodies of the invention can be produced by reacting an human CDR mimetibody or ligand-binding fragment with a modifying agent.
  • a modifying agent for example, the organic moieties can be bonded to the CDR mimetibody in a non-site specific manner by employing an amine-reactive modifying agent, for example, an NHS ester of PEG.
  • Modified human mimetibodies or ligand-binding fragments can also be prepared by reducing disulfide bonds (e.g., intra-chain disulfide bonds) of a CDR mimetibody or ligand-binding fragment.
  • the reduced CDR mimetibody or ligand-binding fragment can then be reacted with a thiol-reactive modifying agent to produce the modified CDR mimetibody of the invention.
  • Modified human mimetibodies and ligand-binding fragments comprising an organic moiety that is bonded to specific sites of a CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant of the present invention can be prepared using suitable methods, such as reverse proteolysis (Fisch et ah, Bioconjugate Chem., 3:147-153 (1992); Werlen et al, Bioconjugate Chem., 5:411-417 (1994); Kumaran et ⁇ /., Protein Sci.
  • the present invention also provides at least one CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant composition comprising at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six or more mimetibodies or specified portions or variants thereof, as described herein and/or as known in the art that are provided in a non-naturally occurring composition, mixture or form.
  • Such compositions comprise non-naturally occurring compositions comprising at least one or two full length, C- and/or N-terminally deleted variants, domains, fragments, or specified variants, of the CDR mimetibody amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of 90-100% of the contiguous amino acids of SEQID NO: 1-1109 or specified fragments, domains or variants thereof.
  • Preferred CDR mimetibody compositions include at least one or two full length, fragments, domains or variants as at least one of the C-terminal amino acids of the protein sequence of 90-100%) of SEQID NOS: 1-1109, or specified fragments, domains or variants thereof. Further preferred compositions comprise 40-99% of at least one of 90-100% of SEQID NOS: 1-1109 or specified fragments, domains or variants thereof. Such composition percentages are by weight, volume, concentration, molarity, or molality as liquid or dry solutions, mixtures, suspension, emulsions or colloids, as known in the art or as described herein.
  • CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant compositions of the present invention can further comprise at least one of any suitable auxiliary, such as, but not limited to, diluent, binder, stabilizer, buffers, salts, lipophilic solvents, preservative, adjuvant or the like.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliaries are preferred.
  • Non-limiting examples of, and methods of preparing such sterile solutions are well known in the art, such as, but limited to, Gennaro, Ed., Remington 's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18 th Edition, Mack Publishing Co. (Easton, PA) 1990.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be routinely selected that are suitable for the mode of administration, solubility and/or stability of the CDR mimetibody composition as well known in the art or as described herein.
  • compositions include but are not limited to proteins, peptides, amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates (e.g., sugars, including monosaccharides, di-, tri-, tetra-, and oligosaccharides; derivatized sugars such as alditols, aldonic acids, esterified sugars and the like; and polysaccharides or sugar polymers), which can be present singly or in combination, comprising alone or in combination 1-99.99% by weight or volume.
  • Exemplary protein excipients include serum albumin such as human serum albumin (HSA), recombinant human albumin (rHA), gelatin, casein, and the like.
  • Representative amino acid/CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant components which can also function in a buffering capacity, include alanine, glycine, arginine, betaine, histidine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, cysteine, lysine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, aspartame, and the like.
  • One preferred amino acid is glycine.
  • Carbohydrate excipients suitable for use in the invention include, for example, monosaccharides such as fructose, maltose, galactose, glucose, D-mannose, sorbose, and the like; disaccharides, such as lactose, sucrose, trehalose, cellobiose, and the like; polysaccharides, such as raffinose, melezitose, maltodextrins, dextrans, starches, and the like; and alditols, such as mannitol, xylitol, maltitol, lactitol, xylitol sorbitol (glucitol), myoinositol and the like.
  • Preferred carbohydrate excipients for use in the present invention are mannitol, trehalose, and raffinose.
  • CDR mimetibody compositions can also include a buffer or a pH adjusting agent; typically, the buffer is a salt prepared from an organic acid or base.
  • Representative buffers include organic acid salts such as salts of citric acid, ascorbic acid, gluconic acid, carbonic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, or phthalic acid; Tris, tromethamine hydrochloride, or phosphate buffers.
  • Preferred buffers for use in the present compositions are organic acid salts such as citrate.
  • the CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant compositions of the invention can include polymeric excipients/additives such as polyvinylpyrrolidones, ficolls (a polymeric sugar), dextrates (e.g., cyclodextrins, such as 2-hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin), polyethylene glycols, flavoring agents, antimicrobial agents, sweeteners, antioxidants, antistatic agents, surfactants (e.g., polysorbates such as "TWEEN 20" and "TWEEN 80"), lipids (e.g., phospholipids, fatty acids), steroids (e.g., cholesterol), and chelating agents (e.g., EDTA).
  • polymeric excipients/additives such as polyvinylpyrrolidones, ficolls (a polymeric sugar), dextrates (e.g., cyclodextrins, such as 2-hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin
  • compositions according to the invention are known in the art, e.g., as listed in "Remington: The Science & Practice of Pharmacy", 19 th ed., Williams & Williams, (1995), and in the “Physician's Desk Reference", 52 nd ed., Medical Economics, Montvale, NJ (1998), the disclosures of which are entirely incorporated herein by reference.
  • Preferrred carrier or excipient materials are carbohydrates (e.g., saccharides and alditols) and buffers (e.g., citrate) or polymeric agents.
  • the invention provides for stable formulations, which can preferably include a suitable buffer with saline or a chosen salt, as well as optional preserved solutions and formulations containing a preservative as well as multi-use preserved formulations suitable for pharmaceutical or veterinary use, comprising at least one CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant in a pharmaceutically acceptable formulation.
  • Preserved formulations contain at least one known preservative or optionally selected from the group consisting of at least one phenol, m-cresol, p-cresol, o-cresol, chlorocresol, benzyl alcohol, phenylmercuric nitrite, phenoxyethanol, formaldehyde, chlorobutanol, magnesium chloride (e.g., hexahydrate), alkylparaben (methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and the like), benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, sodium dehydroacetate and thimerosal, or mixtures thereof in an aqueous diluent. Any suitable concentration or mixture can be used as known in the art, such as 0.001-5%, or any range or value therein, such as, but not limited to 0.001, 0.003, 0.005,
  • Non-limiting examples include, no preservative, 0.1-2% m-cresol (e.g., 0.2, 0.3. 0.4, 0.5, 0.9, 1.0%), 0.1-3% benzyl alcohol (e.g., 0.5, 0.9, 1.1., 1.5, 1.9, 2.0, 2.5%), 0.001-0.5% thimerosal (e.g., 0.005, 0.01), 0.001-2.0% phenol (e.g., 0.05, 0.25, 0.28, 0.5, 0.9, 1.0%), 0.0005-1.0% alkylparaben(s) (e.g., 0.00075, 0.0009, 0.001, 0.002, 0.005, 0.0075, 0.009, 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.075, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.75, 0.9, 1.0%), and the like.
  • 0.1-2% m-cresol e.g., 0.2, 0.3. 0.4, 0.5, 0.9
  • the invention provides an article of manufacture, comprising packaging material and at least one vial comprising a solution of at least one CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant with the prescribed buffers and/or preservatives, optionally in an aqueous diluent, wherein said packaging material comprises a label that indicates that such solution can be held over a period of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 18, 20, 24, 30, 36, 40, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72 hours or greater.
  • the invention further comprises an article of manufacture, comprising packaging material, a first vial comprising lyophilized at least one CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant, and a second vial comprising an aqueous diluent of prescribed buffer or preservative, wherein said packaging material comprises a label that instructs a patient to reconstitute the at least one CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant in the aqueous diluent to form a solution that can be held over a period of twenty- four hours or greater.
  • the at least one CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant used in accordance with the present invention can be produced by recombinant means, including from mammalian cell or transgenic preparations, or can be purified from other biological sources, as described herein or as known in the art.
  • the range of amounts of at least one CDR mimetibody or specified portion or variant in the product of the present invention includes amounts yielding upon reconstitution, if in a wet/dry system, concentrations from about 1.0 ⁇ g/ml to about 1000 mg/ml, although lower and higher concentrations are operable and are dependent on the intended delivery vehicle, e.g., solution formulations will differ from transdermal patch, pulmonary, transmucosal, or osmotic or micro pump methods.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne au moins un corps mimétique de CDR (région de détermination complémentaire) humain d'EPO ou une portion spécifiée ou un variant de ce corps, comprenant des acides nucléiques isolés qui codent pour au moins un corps mimétique de CDR ou une portion spécifiée ou un variant de ce corps, des vecteurs, des cellules hôtes, des animaux transgéniques ou des plantes ainsi que des procédés de leur fabrication et de leurs utilisations, y compris des compositions thérapeutiques, des procédés et des dispositifs.
EP03718053A 2002-03-29 2003-03-24 Corps mimetiques de cdr de mammifere, compositions, procedes et utilisations Withdrawn EP1572079A4 (fr)

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