EP1570529B1 - Mikro-brennkammersystem zur stromerzeugung - Google Patents

Mikro-brennkammersystem zur stromerzeugung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1570529B1
EP1570529B1 EP03758531A EP03758531A EP1570529B1 EP 1570529 B1 EP1570529 B1 EP 1570529B1 EP 03758531 A EP03758531 A EP 03758531A EP 03758531 A EP03758531 A EP 03758531A EP 1570529 B1 EP1570529 B1 EP 1570529B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
combustion
conversion
chamber
combustion chamber
injection
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP03758531A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1570529A2 (de
Inventor
P. C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni REPETTO
Piero C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni PERLO
C. C.R.F. Società Consortile p. Azioni CARVIGNESE
B. C.R.F. Società Consortileper Azioni PAIRETTI
E. C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni BALOCCO
Marco C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni PIZZI
G. C.R.F. Società Consortile perAzioni BRUSCO
D. C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni CAPELLO
D. C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni BOLLEA
R. C.R.F. Società Consortileper Azioni MONFERINO
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Centro Ricerche Fiat SCpA
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Centro Ricerche Fiat SCpA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/30—Thermophotovoltaic systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a micro-combustor system for the production of electrical energy.
  • thermophotovoltaic apparatus for generating electric power according to the preamble of claim 1, which comprises a combustion chamber comprising a burner device generating, by means of the combustion of fuel and combustion air, hot gases providing an amount of thermal power.
  • the apparatus further comprises a converter assembly, which is associated to the combustion chamber and converts into electric power at least a portion of the amount of thermal power.
  • the converter assembly comprises a plurality of thermophotovoltaic modules, positioned internally to the combustion chamber.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a micro-combustor system for the production of electrical energy with high efficiency of conversion of the thermal energy into electrical energy.
  • the number 10 schematically designates a micro-combustor system for the production of electrical energy.
  • the system 10 comprises a plurality of conversion devices 11, electrically connected to each other in series or in parallel, each of which is constructed as described hereafter.
  • the system 10 comprises a pipeline of conduits 12 to supply fuel and combustion supporter to the individual conversion devices 11, a pipeline 13 of exhaust conduits for the removal of gaseous combustion products from the conversion devices 11 and a network of electrical connections, for regulating generated power, for the electrical ignition of the combustors and for transporting the current from the combustor to the load resistance.
  • the combustion chamber is provided with means for the selective emission of electromagnetic radiation, preferably made in the shape of a lining 26 applied onto the outer surface of the combustion chamber 14.
  • the combustion chamber is preferably constituted by a material with high heat conductivity (for instance tungsten or molybdenum), to allow the heat generated by combustion to reach the outer surface 26.
  • At least a part of the inner surface of the combustion chamber 14 is preferably coated with a material with low heat conductivity of the meso-porous or nano-porous type with porosity coated by catalysing agents, having the function of lowering the combustion activation temperature and reducing emissions of polluting reaction products (for instance nitrogen oxides).
  • the material with low heat conductivity can be interleaved with the material with high heat conductivity in the form of a composite.
  • the lining 26 preferably has a selective emissivity in a wavelength band of a few hundredths of nanometres.
  • the lining 26 can for instance be constituted by a micro-structure obtained directly on the outer surface of the combustion chamber, or a thin layer of oxide having a highly selective spectral emission (oxide of yttrium, thorium, cerium, europium, erbium, terbium, ytterbium or other rare earth).
  • the combustion chamber 14 communicates with a fuel injection conduit 15, with a conduit 17 for supplying the combustion support and with a conduit 18 for the exhaust of gaseous reaction products.
  • the conduit 15 preferably has cylindrical shape with a conical terminal segment, in proximity to the micro-injection system 16, with a section that increases outwardly; the purpose of the conical terminal section is to assure that the combustion support substance is aspirated by Venturi effect.
  • the conduits 15, 18 are preferably constituted by ceramic material, or other material with low heat conductivity, to prevent the heat of the combustion chamber to propagate by thermal conduction to the exterior.
  • the outermost part of the exhaust conduit 18 is preferably metallic to allow exhaust gases to release their residual heat before leaving the conversion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber 14 is closed and it does not exchange gaseous products with the exterior except through the conduits 15, 17 and 18.
  • Each conversion device 11 is provided with a micro-injection device 16 preferably constituted by an ink-jet injector, of the "bubble" type or of the piezoelectric type, able to inject drops of fuel or a combustion-support substance mixture of a volume of a few picolitres and with a frequency which can be controlled by means of a controller (30) from a few kHz to hundreds of kHz.
  • the injection system can be constituted by a miniaturised Bunsen burner.
  • the fuel injected by the injection system 16 penetrates inside the combustion chamber 14 through the injection conduit 15.
  • the gaseous fuel injected by the injection device 16 is selected within the group comprising: methane, propane, butane, hydrogen, natural gas or other fuels including the possibility of adding metallic particles to the fuel.
  • Each conversion device 11 comprises a hollow structure 19 forming a sealed conversion chamber 20, within which is obtained a vacuum or is contained an inert gas at low pressure.
  • the combustion chamber 14 is located inside the conversion chamber 20 and the conduits 15, 18 extend through the walls of the hollow structure 19.
  • the walls of the hollow structure 19 defining the conversion chamber 20 are made of metal, if a vacuum is obtained in the hollow structure 19, or of ceramic material coated with a high reflectance layer, in all other cases.
  • the hollow structure 19 comprises an elliptical wall 21 and a planar wall 22, so the conversion chamber 20 has the shape of a rotational semi-ellipsoid with half-axes A and B.
  • the dimensions of the axes of the conversion chamber 20 may vary from a minimum of 3 to 50 times the diameter of the combustion chamber 14.
  • the combustion chamber 14 is positioned in the first focus of the elliptical surface.
  • the inner surface of the elliptical wall 21 is preferably provided with a lining 23 having high reflectance over the entire emission spectrum of the source of radiation.
  • the planar wall 22 of the hollow structure 19 bears means for converting electromagnetic energy into electrical energy, schematically designated by the reference number 24.
  • Said conversion means are preferably constituted by photovoltaic cells made of semiconductor material, preferably with a band gap in the order of 0.5 - 0.8 eV in order to maximise the conversion efficiency by Planck radiation with colour temperature of 1500 - 2000 K.
  • the photovoltaic cell is of the Schottky type and the active junction is constituted by silica and aluminium.
  • the material of the cells 24 constituting the conversion means is selected in such a way that the band gap energy is slightly greater than the energy of the photons corresponding to the wavelength of maximum emission, in order to maximise the conversion efficiency at that wavelength.
  • the exterior face of the conversion means 24 is preferably coated by a reflective metal layer.
  • the inner wall of the conversion means 24 can be coated by a layer operating on the electromagnetic radiation as a band pass filter.
  • Said layer can be a multi-layered dielectric coating, a metallic coating at the percolation state, an anti-reflection micro-structure (for instance a grid with sub-wavelength period) or a photonic crystal.
  • the conversion means 24 are positioned in correspondence with the plane that is perpendicular to the greater axis of the ellipsoid and passing through the centre of the ellipsoid, in such a way that the radiation emitted by the combustion chamber 14 reaches the photovoltaic means uniformly. Moreover, also by means of the selected geometry, the radiation not absorbed by the conversion means 24 is reflected by the reflecting rear face or by the front surface of the photovoltaic cell 24 and falls back onto the combustion chamber 14 where it is absorbed.
  • the particular geometry of the conversion chamber 20 causes both the radiation emitted by the combustion chamber and reflected by the photovoltaic cells 24, and the radiation emitted by the combustion chamber 14 and reflected by the inner walls of the semi-ellipsoid to be concentrated on the combustion chamber 14. This assures a maximum recycling of the electromagnetic energy within the conversion chamber and hence a minimisation of fuel consumption and a maximisation of overall conversion efficiency.
  • the radiation reflected by the inner surface of the semi-ellipsoid or by the photovoltaic cell 24 is re-absorbed by the lining 26 with the same efficiency with which it is emitted thereby.
  • the heat developed by the fuel-support substance reaction warms the surfaces of the combustion chamber and is wholly converted into electromagnetic radiation.
  • the dimension of the conduits 15, 18 extending within the conversion chamber 20 is such as to minimise the transfer of thermal energy by conduction between the combustion chamber 14 and the hollow structure 19.
  • the radiation emitted inside the conversion chamber 20 impacts on the conversion means 24 which convert electromagnetic radiation into electric energy.
  • the electrical power generated by each conversion device 11 can vary from a few watts to some tens of watts.
  • Each device 11 is provided with electrical contacts (not shown herein) which collect electrical energy produced by the semiconductor cells 24.
  • Maintaining a vacuum or sub-atmospheric pressure conditions inside the conversion chamber 20 allows to reduce the quantity of thermal energy dispersed by convection. Consequently, nearly all the heat developed by the combustion reaction is converted into electromagnetic radiation which in turn is converted into electrical energy by the conversion means 24.
  • various known techniques for assembling components in a vacuum may be used.

Landscapes

  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
  • Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Claims (34)

  1. Mikrobrennkammersystem zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie, enthaltend ein Umwandlungsmodul oder eine Matrix aus mehreren Umwandlungsmodulen (11), die in Reihe oder parallel arbeiten, wobei jedes Umwandlungsmodul (11) enthält:
    - eine Brennkammer (14), die eine im wesentlichen kugelförmige Gestalt hat und aus einem Material besteht, das hohen Temperaturen widerstehen kann,
    - eine Einrichtung (17), die eine Verbrennungsunterstützungssubstanz in die Brennkammer (14) einleitet,
    - eine Einrichtung (18), die gasförmige Verbrennungserzeugnisse abführt,
    - eine Einrichtung, die die Verbrennungsreaktion zündet,
    - eine Einspritzvorrichtung (16), die mit der Brennkammer (14) mit Hilfe einer Brennstoffeinspritzleitung (15) verbunden ist,
    - eine Steuereinheit (30) der Einspritzfrequenz und somit der erzeugten Leistung,
    - eine Einrichtung (26) für die selektive Emission der Strahlung, die auf die Außenoberfläche der Brennkammer (14) wirkt,
    - eine Umwandlungskammer (20), die eine halbellipsenförmige Gestalt hat, in der ein Vakuum erzeugt oder unteratmosphärische Druckbedingungen aufrechterhalten werden, wobei die Wände der Umwandlungskammer aus Metall bestehen, sofern ein Vakuum im Inneren der Kammer erzeugt wird, oder aus einem Keramikmaterial, das mit einer stark reflektierenden Schicht beschichtet ist, in sämtlichen anderen Fällen, und die Brennkammer (14) in der Umwandlungskammer (20) eingeschlossen und in Korrespondenz mit einem Brennpunkt des Ellipsoiden angeordnet ist, und
    eine Einrichtung (24) für die Umwandlung von Strahlungsenergie in elektrische Energie, die auf einer inneren Planfläche (22) der Umwandlungskammer (20) angeordnet ist, die senkrecht zu der größeren Achse des Ellipsoiden ist und durch das Zentrum des Ellipsoiden verläuft.
  2. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einrichtung (24) für die Umwandlung von Strahlungsenergie in elektrische Energie eine Vielzahl von Fotovoltaikzellen enthält.
  3. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einrichtung für die selektive Emission von Strahlung ein schmales Emissionsband mit einer Spitze in Übereinstimmung mit der Wellenlänge hat, bei der die Umwandlungseinrichtung (24) die maximale Umwandlungseffizienz hat.
  4. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einrichtung für die selektive Emission von Strahlung eine Beschichtung (26) enthält, die auf die Außenoberfläche der Brennkammer (14) aufgebracht ist, wobei die Beschichtung aus einem Material besteht, das aus der Gruppe gewählt ist, die umfasst: Mikrostrukturmetall, metallischer oder dielektrischer, fotonischer Kristall, Oxid oder ein Gemisch aus Oxiden von Seltenerden.
  5. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Außenoberfläche der Brennkammer (14) eine derartige Gesamtfläche hat, dass die Strahlungsenergie, die von der Emissionseinrichtung (26) emittiert wird, gleich der Summe der gesamten Wärmeenergie, die durch die Verbrennungsreaktion im Dauerzustand erzeugt wird, und des Bruchteils der Strahlungsenergie ist, die von den Innenwänden der Umwandlungskammer oder durch die Umwandlungseinrichtung (24) reflektiert und von der Brennkammer (14) reabsorbiert wird.
  6. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Umwandlungskammer (20) über Achsen verfügt, deren Größe zwischen dem 3- und 50-Fachen des Durchmessers der Brennkammer (14) liegt.
  7. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, das die Einspritzvorrichtung (16) ein Kopf des Tintenstrahltyps ist.
  8. System nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Einspritzkopf vom "Bubblejet"-Typ ist.
  9. System nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Einspritzkopf piezoelektrisch ist.
  10. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennkammer (14) aus einem Material mit einer hohen Wärmeleitfähigkeit besteht.
  11. System nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Teil der Innenoberfläche der Brennkammer (14) mit einer porösen Schicht eines Materials mit einer geringen Wärmeleitfähigkeit beschichtet ist, das hohen Temperaturen widerstehen kann.
  12. System nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, das die Poren der porösen Schicht mit einem katalytischen Material beschichtet sind, das dem Zweck der Absenkung der Aktivierungstemperatur der Verbrennungsreaktion und der Begrenzung der Erzeugung giftiger Verbrennungsprodukte dient.
  13. System nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennkammer (14) aus einem Metallmaterial besteht.
  14. System nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Metallmaterial aus Wolfram oder Molybdän besteht.
  15. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennstoffeinspritzleitung (15) und die Einrichtung (17) zum Zuführen der Verbrennungsunterstützungssubstanz sowie die Einrichtung (18) zum Extrahieren der Verbrennungsgase aus einem Material mit einer geringen thermischen Leitfähigkeit bestehen.
  16. System nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das äußerste Segment der Abgasleitung (18) aus einem Material mit einer hohen Wärmeleitfähigkeit besteht, um es den Verbrennungserzeugnissen zu gestatten, die Restwärme zu erlangen, bevor sie die Umwandlungskammer verlassen.
  17. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennstoffeinspritzleitung (15) und die Einrichtung (17) zum Einspritzen der Verbrennungsunterstützungssubstanz unabhängig in der Brennkammer (14) enden.
  18. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einrichtung (17) für die Einspritzung der Verbrennungsunterstützungssubstanz in der Brennstoffeinspritzleitung (15) vor dem Eintritt in die Brennkammer (14) endet.
  19. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Umwandlungskammer (20) in einer Anordnung (19) ausgebildet ist, die aus einem optisch polierten Metallmaterial besteht.
  20. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Umwandlungskammer (20) in einer Anordnung (19) begrenzt ist, die aus einem Kunststoff- oder Keramikmaterial besteht und mit einer Schicht (23) eines Materials mit hohem Reflexionsvermögen beschichtet ist.
  21. System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Oberfläche der Fotovoltaikzellen (24), die dem Inneren der Umwandlungskammer (20) zugewandt sind, mit einer optischen Schicht beschichtet ist, die bei den langen Wellenlängen der elektromagnetischen Strahlung als Bandpassfilter mit einer Transmittanzspitze in Korrespondenz mit der Wellenlänge arbeitet, bei der die Fotovoltaikzellen die maximale Umwandlungseffizienz haben.
  22. System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fotovoltaikzellen (24) auf Schottky-Übergängen basieren.
  23. System nach Anspruch 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schottky-Übergänge aus Siliziumdioxid und Aluminium bestehen.
  24. System nach Anspruch 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die optische Schicht aus einem Material besteht, das aus der Gruppe gewählt ist, die umfasst: eine mehrschichtige dielektrische Beschichtung, eine Metallbeschichtung im Perkolationszustand, metallischen fotonischen Kristall und eine Antireflexions-Mikrostruktur.
  25. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einspritzvorrichtung (16) aus einem miniaturisierten Bunsenbrenner für gasförmigen Brennstoff besteht.
  26. System nach Anspruch 25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der gasförmige Brennstoff, der von der Einspritzvorrichtung (16) eingespritzt wird, zu der Gruppe gehört, die umfasst: Methan, Propan, Butan, Wasserstoff und Erdgas.
  27. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abgasleitung (18) im Inneren mit einem katalytischen Material beschichtet ist, das in der Lage ist, die giftigen Produkte der Verbrennungsreaktion zu neutralisieren.
  28. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abgasleitung (18) einen gegliederten Verlauf hat um die Kühlung des Abgases zu begünstigen.
  29. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einspritzleitung (15) einen gegliederten Verlauf hat, um zu verhindern, dass die Verbrennungsprodukte zur Einspritzeinrichtung zurückkehren.
  30. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zündeinrichtung elektrisch ist und die Verbrennung durch eine elektrische Entladung durch einen Funken oder einen Glühdraht begonnen wird.
  31. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Umwandlungskammer (20) ein inertes Gas bei unteratmosphärischem Druck enthalten ist.
  32. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, das die Umwandlungskammer aus einem optisch polierten Metallmaterial besteht.
  33. System nach Anspruch 31, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Umwandlungskammer aus einem optisch polierten Keramikmaterial besteht.
  34. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Innenwand der Umwandlungskammer mit einer Schicht beschichtet ist, die ein großes Reflexionsvermögen über das gesamte Spektrum der Strahlung hat, die von der Emissionseinrichtung (26) emittiert wird.
EP03758531A 2002-12-13 2003-11-03 Mikro-brennkammersystem zur stromerzeugung Expired - Lifetime EP1570529B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITTO20020108 2002-12-13
IT001083A ITTO20021083A1 (it) 2002-12-13 2002-12-13 Sistema a microcombustore per la produzione di energia elettrica.
PCT/IB2003/004908 WO2004055907A2 (en) 2002-12-13 2003-11-03 A micro-combustor system for the production of electrical energy

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP1570529A2 EP1570529A2 (de) 2005-09-07
EP1570529B1 true EP1570529B1 (de) 2010-01-27

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US (1) US7781671B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1570529B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2006512882A (de)
CN (1) CN100438081C (de)
AT (1) ATE456864T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2003274556A1 (de)
DE (1) DE60331167D1 (de)
IT (1) ITTO20021083A1 (de)
RU (1) RU2325730C2 (de)
WO (1) WO2004055907A2 (de)

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WO2004055907A3 (en) 2005-04-14
RU2325730C2 (ru) 2008-05-27
AU2003274556A1 (en) 2004-07-09
CN100438081C (zh) 2008-11-26
CN1726599A (zh) 2006-01-25
US7781671B2 (en) 2010-08-24
RU2005122016A (ru) 2006-01-20
ATE456864T1 (de) 2010-02-15
AU2003274556A8 (en) 2004-07-09
US20050284145A1 (en) 2005-12-29
DE60331167D1 (de) 2010-03-18
JP2006512882A (ja) 2006-04-13
WO2004055907A2 (en) 2004-07-01
EP1570529A2 (de) 2005-09-07

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