EP1566591B1 - Reverse flame boiler - Google Patents

Reverse flame boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1566591B1
EP1566591B1 EP04447047A EP04447047A EP1566591B1 EP 1566591 B1 EP1566591 B1 EP 1566591B1 EP 04447047 A EP04447047 A EP 04447047A EP 04447047 A EP04447047 A EP 04447047A EP 1566591 B1 EP1566591 B1 EP 1566591B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
module
boiler according
flame boiler
reverse flame
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04447047A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1566591A1 (en
EP1566591B8 (en
Inventor
Roland Albrecht
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Biasi SpA
Original Assignee
BREVET 2000 HOLDING SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by BREVET 2000 HOLDING SA filed Critical BREVET 2000 HOLDING SA
Priority to EP04447047A priority Critical patent/EP1566591B8/en
Priority to DE602004016619T priority patent/DE602004016619D1/en
Priority to AT04447047T priority patent/ATE408788T1/en
Publication of EP1566591A1 publication Critical patent/EP1566591A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1566591B1 publication Critical patent/EP1566591B1/en
Publication of EP1566591B8 publication Critical patent/EP1566591B8/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B50/00Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
    • F23B50/02Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom
    • F23B50/06Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom the flue gases being removed downwards through one or more openings in the fuel-supporting surface
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B7/00Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus
    • F23B7/002Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements
    • F23B7/005Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements with downdraught through fuel bed and grate
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B2700/00Combustion apparatus for solid fuel
    • F23B2700/01Combustion apparatus for solid fuel adapted for boilers built up from sections

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a flame inversion boiler of the type having an upper chamber for storing the fuel, connected, via an opening in its own bottom or grate, to a lower chamber in which the combustion takes place .
  • the air used in the combustion is supplied both in the upper chamber and at the height of the opening or the communication openings.
  • Flame inversion boilers formed from modular elements are also known (see, for example, DE-C-98800 , EP-A-0240445 and EP-A-0320924 ). These boilers have the disadvantage of having a large number of component parts to assemble and thus be of complex and fragile construction, and a low cost defensible.
  • the technical objective laid down on the basis of the present invention is to provide a flame inversion boiler which overcomes the mentioned drawbacks.
  • the present invention has the technical objective of producing a flame inversion boiler which has a longer life compared to boilers known today and which ensures excellent resistance to pressure variations that are created in the interstice.
  • the present invention also has the technical objective of producing a flame inversion boiler which has a better price / time ratio compared to boilers known today.
  • reference numeral 1 generally indicates a flame inversion boiler according to the present invention.
  • the boiler 1 comprises first a closed structure 2 which determines, in its inner part, an upper chamber 3 for storing the fuel and a lower combustion chamber 4. Between the two chambers, upper 3 and lower 4, an elongate communication opening 5 has been made.
  • the structure 2 also defines a main gap 6, for the passage of the water to be heated, which extends, at least in part, around the upper chamber 3 and the lower chamber 4, even if, preferably, it surrounds it almost completely, as shown in the accompanying figures.
  • this structure 2 has been made of cast iron and is formed of the union of modular parts.
  • a front module 7 ( Figures 2 to 9), able to constitute the front of the boiler 1, a rear module 8 ( Figures 18 to 26), able to constitute the rear part of the structure 2, and a plurality of intermediate modules 9 ( Figures 10 to 17) mounted in succession and sealed, between the front module 7 and the rear module 8.
  • Each module 7, 8 9, which has a mainly vertical development, is a cross section of the structure 2 and has a front face 10 and a rear face 11. In the case of the intermediate module 9, the two faces 10, 11 are identical.
  • At least the intermediate modules 9 each define a section of the upper chamber 3, the lower chamber 4 and the communication opening 5.
  • Each of them has, in their internal part, at least one secondary gap 12, which, once the structure 2 is mounted, is connected to the secondary interstices 12 of the other intermediate modules 9 to form the main gap 6.
  • the front module 7 and the rear module 8 have inside, as we said, a secondary gap 12 which can be connected to the secondary interstices 12 of the intermediate modules 9 to form the main interstice 6.
  • each module has orifices provided for this purpose.
  • the intermediate modules 9 have at least two rear orifices 13 and at least two front orifices 14, respectively formed on their own rear face 11, and on their own front face 10.
  • the front orifices 14 are aligned horizontally on the rear orifices 13.
  • the mounted structure 2 the front orifices 14 (rear 13) of an intermediate module 9 are aligned with the rear ports 13 (before 14) of an intermediate module 9 associated with its front face 10 (rear 11), so as to allow the flow of water to be heated between the secondary interstices 12 of the two intermediate modules 9 coupled.
  • the front module 7 and the rear module 8 respectively have two rear ports 13 and two front orifices 14 formed on their own rear faces 11 and 10 before and arranged so that when the respective module (front 7 or rear 8 ) is connected to an intermediate module 9, they are aligned horizontally respectively with the front and rear openings 14 of this intermediate module 9.
  • the two orifices 13, 14, formed on each face 10, 11 of each module 7, 8, 9, are placed one at the top and one at the base thereof.
  • the front module 7 and the rear module 8 respectively have two front and rear openings 14 also on their respective faces (respectively rear 11 and front 10) not intended to be coupled to the intermediate modules 9.
  • At least two of these orifices 13, 14 indeed have the purpose of being used as the water inlet section 15 and as the water outlet section 16 for the main interstice 6.
  • the boiler shape produced and illustrated provides that the inlet section 15 of the water consists of the rear orifice 13 situated at the base of the rear face 11 of the rear module 8, and that the outlet section 16 is in contrast consists of the rear hole 13, located at the top of the same face 11.
  • the front orifices 14 of the front face 10 of the front module 7 are closed by two plugs 17 which, depending on the requirements, may also be equipped with control probes, such as a temperature or pressure probe (not shown).
  • the input and output sections 15, 16 can both be made in the front module 7, one on the front module 7 and one on the rear module 8, or else doubled and therefore interest all four orifices 13, 14.
  • two water outlet sections 16 are provided, both of which are made in the rear module 8.
  • the second outlet section 16, located above the module 8 itself, allows to connect the gap to a safety heat exchanger immersed in cold water (not shown because of known type).
  • the water entering through the inlet section 15 follows a plurality of parallel tracks through the modules 7, 8, 9 to exit, once hot, from the outlet section 16.
  • connection between two orifices 13, 14 facing each other of two consecutive modules 7, 8, 9 is obtained by means of a coupling sleeve 18 inserted into them (from preferably to embed) to connect the secondary interstices 12.
  • the sleeve 18 may have a cylindrical shape or the shape of two truncated cones united by the base (as illustrated for example in FIG. figure 28 ).
  • each sleeve 18 has a length corresponding to the thickness of the material which constitutes the two modules 7, 8, 9 coupled, and therefore to the length of the two orifices 13, 14 where it is inserted. In this case, the sleeves 18 do not protrude inside the secondary interstices 12.
  • one or more sleeves 18 may have a length greater than the thickness of the material which constitutes the two modules 7, 8, 9 coupled ( figure 28 ).
  • this connecting sleeve 18 is partially also inserted in one of the secondary interstices 12 that it unites, especially in the downstream, if we take as a reference the direction of the flow of water.
  • this solution is adopted for the sleeves 18 closest to the inlet section 15. The length of the protruding portion 19 of the sleeves 18 can decrease, while the sleeve 18 is far from the inlet section 15.
  • the flow of water entering through the inlet section 15 must be equal to the flow rate of the water flowing vertically in the secondary interstices 12, on the other hand, the flow of water in the modules 7, 8, 9 must be almost the same to avoid localized superheating of the structure 2. Therefore, the more a module 7, 8, 9 is close to the inlet section 15, the more the quantity of water who passes it must be great. Therefore, the purpose of the protruding sleeves 18 is to decrease the useful cross-section through which the water can be introduced into the corresponding secondary gap 12.
  • the boiler 1, object of the present invention comprises at least a first conduit 20 which has a first end 21 in communication with the external environment and at least a second end 22 in communication with the interior of the upper chamber 3 to allow the primary combustion air inlet in the upper chamber 3 same.
  • the first conduit 20 extends at least partially through the structure 2, as shown below.
  • the boiler 1 also comprises at least a second duct 23 which, in turn, has an outer end 24 in communication with the external environment and at least one inner end 25 in communication with the lower chamber 4 to allow the evacuation of fumes combustion of the lower chamber 4 to the outside.
  • the second conduit 23 also extends at least in part through the structure 2 cast iron.
  • the first duct 20 has a plurality of second ends 22, each obtained between two modules 7, 8, 9 coupled at a height of a side wall 26 of the upper chamber 3.
  • the second ends 22 are defined by a diffusion chamber 27 of air, located between each pair of modules 7, 8, 9 coupled.
  • This diffusion chamber 27 is defined in particular by ribs 28 in relief, made in a specular manner on each module 7, 8, 9 which guarantee the sealed connection of the various modules 7, 8, 9.
  • these ribs 28 have, on their top, a groove 29 in which it is possible to apply a sealing material provided for this purpose (not shown).
  • each diffusion chamber 27 is mainly located on the sides of the area where the communication opening 5 is made, but has an upward U-shaped branch 30 upside down which defines one of the second ends 22 of the first leads 20.
  • the second ends 22 of the first duct 20 direct the inlet air into the upper chamber 3 tangentially to the corresponding vertical walls 26.
  • each intermediate module 9 The diffusion chambers 27 obtained on the two faces 10, 11 of each intermediate module 9 are then connected to each other by a channel 31 opening which extends from the front face 10 to the rear face 11 perpendicular to the in the vertical plane of development of the corresponding module 9.
  • Each opening channel 31 constitutes a part of the first conduit 20.
  • first symmetrical conduits 20 which develop on both sides of the structure 2 near the area concerned by the opening of communication 5.
  • the front module 7 also has two through-channels 31 which put in communication the diffusion chamber 27, obtained between the front module 7 itself and the intermediate module 9 to which it is coupled, with the external part of the structure 2.
  • the rear module 8 does not present through channels, but, between it and the intermediate module to which it is coupled, a diffusion chamber 27 may be provided.
  • the through channels 31, obtained in the front module 7 are connected primary air supply means (which may consist of a simple air intake or a fan) ( figure 1 ).
  • the production of through channels may be provided on the rear module 8 and not on the front module 7, or both.
  • the supply means can also be associated with the channels of the rear module 8.
  • the division between the upper chamber 3 and the lower chamber 4 is obtained by means of a horizontal wall 33 which on one side delimits the communication opening 5, on the other defines a housing 34 for accommodating in the upper chamber 3 a base member 35, preferably made of cast iron or a refractory material, which defines a support surface 36 for the fuel ( figures 1 and 29-32 ).
  • This base element 35 may also delimit a communication opening 5 smaller than that defined by the horizontal wall 33, as the figures 30 to 32 illustrate.
  • the base member 35 preferably performs the burner function as described in detail below.
  • This basic element 35 can consist of either a single piece made expressly for a boiler 1 of a certain size (examples of figures 1 and 29-32 ), or a series of modular elements, each associated with the corresponding module of the structure 2 cast iron (not illustrated solution).
  • the boiler 1 also comprises a third duct 37 with an inlet mouth 38 connected to the external environment, and a plurality of outlet mouths 39 placed at the height of the communication opening 5, for the passage of secondary combustion air in the communication opening 5 even.
  • the third duct 37 extends partly through the front module 7, partly into the base member 35.
  • this second part of the third duct 37 is completely defined by the base element 35, whereas in the case of figure 29 it is partly delimited by the base element 35 and partly by the structure 2. Moreover, in the case of figure 29 the third duct 37 has a decreasing section along the path followed by the secondary air to improve its diffusion.
  • the outlet mouths 39 have also been made in the base element 35 and are turned towards the communication opening 5.
  • the base element 35 comprises two flat iron plates 51, 52 spaced apart from one another and between which extends a sleeve 53 which defines the communication opening 5.
  • the two flat plates (lower 51 and upper 52) have basically been made in counter-profile of the housing 34.
  • a flat porcelain gasket (not shown) has been placed between the lower flat plate 51 and the horizontal wall 33, and in the groove 54 all around from the top plate, a cord also made of porcelain.
  • the lower flat plate 51 also has a bevelled lateral portion 56 at the height of the portion of the third duct 37 which extends through the front module 7.
  • the third conduit 37 has a plurality of outlet mouths 39 obtained at the height of the opening sleeve.
  • the front module then has two first openings 40 for accessing from the outside respectively the upper chamber 3 and the lower chamber 4, each of which is associated with an opening door (not shown), advantageously covered, at least in part, by refractory material.
  • the rear module 8 has a second opening 41 connected on one side to a smoke chamber (not shown because of known type) connected to the back to the boiler 1 itself, the other to the upper chamber 3 Depending on the requirements, this second opening can be or less opening, by means of an order.
  • the rear module 8 has, on its own rear face 11, a coupling housing 42 ( figures 19 and 26 ).
  • the rear face 11 of the rear module 8 can be equipped with a plurality of heat exchange fins 32.
  • the boiler may also be equipped with means for preventing the discharge of fumes from the upper chamber 3 at the moment of opening of the corresponding opening door.
  • a shield 43 ( figure 1 ), which, in the form of boiler produced and illustrated, consists of a half-cylinder in a suitable material (steel sheet, refractory, cast iron, etc.) which has the dual function of protecting the bottom 44 of the lower chamber 4 against the flames of combustion and holding back the ashes which can thus slowly be consumed altogether.
  • the shield 43 may also have inside a gap for the water to be heated.
  • the shield 43 is held at a distance from the bottom 44 of the lower chamber 4 by means of fins 45 integral with the bottom 44 itself, which define, with the shield 43 itself, a plurality of parallel paths 46 which extend longitudinally in the boiler 1, and which constitute a part of the second conduit 23.
  • the shield 43 is in contact with the front face 10 of the rear module 8, but it is at a distance from the rear face 11 of the front module 7.
  • the sealing of the two coupled modules is guaranteed by two corresponding raised ribs 28, obtained one on each module 7, 8, 9, each having a groove 29 for receiving the sealing material.
  • connection of the different elements that constitute the structure 2 in cast iron is achieved either by the adhesive action of the sealing material, or by fitting of the coupling sleeves 18 in the orifices 13, 14 of the various modules 7, 8, 9, or by means of external threaded bars (not shown) mounted between flanges provided for this purpose 48, obtained on the front module 7 and on the rear module 8.
  • the boiler 1, object of the present invention operates forced draft through a fan (not shown) which can be connected either back to the first and third conduit 37, or in suction to the second conduit 23 .
  • the present invention achieves important advantages.
  • the flame inversion boiler which is the subject of the present invention, has a longer life than the boilers which are today known thanks to its cast iron construction.
  • the boiler object of the present invention, has a better price / duration compared to boilers known today.

Abstract

The boiler has a closed structure (2) made of cast iron with a front module (7), a rear module (8) and intermediate modules (9). Each module has a front face and a rear face. Each intermediate module defines a part of an upper chamber (3) and a lower chamber (4), and has a secondary interstice (12). The secondary interstices are connected to constitute a primary interstice (6).

Description

La présente invention a comme objet une chaudière à inversion de flamme du type ayant une chambre supérieure pour le stockage du combustible, reliée, par le biais d'une ouverture dans son propre fond ou grille, à une chambre inférieure dans laquelle a lieu la combustion.The subject of the present invention is a flame inversion boiler of the type having an upper chamber for storing the fuel, connected, via an opening in its own bottom or grate, to a lower chamber in which the combustion takes place .

Actuellement, de très nombreuses variantes de cette chaudière sont connues, décrites dans de multiples brevets, parmi lesquels on rappellera les brevets et les demandes de brevet EP 935 731 , EP 798 511 , EP 563 499 , EP 268 208 , EP 409 790 , EP 271 392 , EP 205 993 , EP 154 956 , EP 152 317 , DE 90 01 477U , DE 90 00 347U , DE 40 07 849 , DE 37 37 661 , DE 11 78 05 , FR 2 752 915 , FR 2 583 148 , IT 1 158 554 , IT 1 273 623 , IT 191 429U , IT 1 187 122 , IT 1 187 130 et IT MN2000A000012 .Currently, many variations of this boiler are known, described in multiple patents, among which will be recalled patents and patent applications EP 935 731 , EP 798,511 , EP 563 499 , EP 268 208 , EP 409 790 , EP 271,392 , EP 205993 , EP 154,956 , EP 152,317 , DE 90 01 477U , DE 90 00 347U , DE 40 07 849 , DE 37 37 661 , DE 11 78 05 , FR 2 752 915 , FR 2 583 148 , IT 1 158 554 , IT 1 273 623 , IT 191 429U , IT 1 187 122 , IT 1 187 130 and IT MN2000A000012 .

Il s'agit généralement de chaudières en acier où la combustion a lieu, par tirage naturel ou forcé, avec développement de la flamme vers le bas, notamment, de la chambre supérieure dans la chambre inférieure, à travers l'ouverture ou les ouvertures de communication qui les unit.These are usually steel boilers where the combustion takes place, by natural or forced draft, with development of the downward flame, in particular from the upper chamber in the lower chamber, through the opening or openings of the communication that unites them.

Un interstice a été créé tout autour de la structure qui définit les deux chambres dans lequel circule l'eau à réchauffer.An interstice has been created all around the structure that defines the two chambers in which the water circulates to be heated.

De préférence, l'air utilisé dans la combustion est alimenté aussi bien dans la chambre supérieure qu'à hauteur de l'ouverture ou des ouvertures de communication.Preferably, the air used in the combustion is supplied both in the upper chamber and at the height of the opening or the communication openings.

Les chaudières à inversion de flamme connues aujourd'hui présentent toutefois certains inconvénients.The flame-reversing boilers known today, however, have certain disadvantages.

En premier lieu, la vie de ces chaudières est relativement courte à cause de l'agressivité des substances qui sont développées par le processus de combustion. Ces substances conduisent rapidement à la corrosion de l'acier dont la chaudière est formée.In the first place, the life of these boilers is relatively short because of the aggressiveness of the substances that are developed by the combustion process. These substances quickly lead to corrosion of the steel whose boiler is formed.

En second lieu, les chaudières connues aujourd'hui nécessitent des renforts spéciaux, associés à l'interstice où circule l'eau, pour contraster les variations de pression qui sont générées à l'intérieur de l'interstice.Secondly, the boilers known today require special reinforcements, associated with the gap where the water circulates, to contrast the pressure variations that are generated inside the interstice.

De plus, les coûts de production des chaudières connues aujourd'hui sont relativement élevés.In addition, the production costs of boilers known today are relatively high.

On connaît aussi des chaudières à inversion de flammes formées d'éléments modulaires (v. par exemple DE-C-98800 , EP-A-0240445 et EP-A-0320924 ). Ces chaudières présentent l'inconvénient de comporter un grand nombre de pièces constitutives à assembler et d'être de ce fait de construction complexe et fragile, et d'un coût peu défendable.Flame inversion boilers formed from modular elements are also known (see, for example, DE-C-98800 , EP-A-0240445 and EP-A-0320924 ). These boilers have the disadvantage of having a large number of component parts to assemble and thus be of complex and fragile construction, and a low cost defensible.

Dans cette situation, l'objectif technique fixé à la base de la présente invention est de réaliser une chaudière à inversion de flamme qui remédie aux inconvénients cités.In this situation, the technical objective laid down on the basis of the present invention is to provide a flame inversion boiler which overcomes the mentioned drawbacks.

Notamment, la présente invention a comme objectif technique de réaliser une chaudière à inversion de flamme qui a une durée de vie supérieure par rapport aux chaudières connues aujourd'hui et qui garantit une excellente tenue aux variations de pression qui se créent dans l'interstice.In particular, the present invention has the technical objective of producing a flame inversion boiler which has a longer life compared to boilers known today and which ensures excellent resistance to pressure variations that are created in the interstice.

La présente invention a également comme objectif technique de réaliser une chaudière à inversion de flamme qui a un meilleur rapport prix/durée par rapport aux chaudières connues aujourd'hui.The present invention also has the technical objective of producing a flame inversion boiler which has a better price / time ratio compared to boilers known today.

La chaudière à inversion de flamme conformément à ce qui est décrit dans les revendications ci-jointes atteint fondamentalement l'objectif technique spécifié et les buts indiqués.The flame reversing boiler as described in the appended claims basically achieves the specified technical purpose and the stated purposes.

D'autres caractéristiques et les avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront plus clairement dans la description détaillée de certaines formes d'exécution privilégiées, mais non pas exclusives, d'une chaudière à inversion de flamme, illustrées dans les dessins ci-joints, où :

  • la figure 1 montre, dans une vue axonométrique de trois-quarts frontale, avec certaines pièces éliminées et d'autres sectionnées, une chaudière à inversion de flamme suivant la présente invention ;
  • la figure 2 montre dans une vue arrière un module frontal d'une chaudière à inversion de flamme suivant la présente invention ;
  • la figure 3 montre dans une vue avant le module frontal de la figure 2 ;
  • la figure 4 montre le module frontal de la figure 2, sectionné suivant la trace IV-IV ;
  • la figure 5 montre le module frontal de la figure 2, sectionné suivant la trace V-V ;
  • la figure 6 montre le module frontal de la figure 2, sectionné suivant la trace VI-VI ;
  • la figure 7 montre le module frontal de la figure 2, sectionné suivant la trace VII-VII ;
  • la figure 8 montre le module frontal de la figure 2, sectionné suivant la trace VIII-VIII ;
  • la figure 9 montre la pièce IX de la figure 8 agrandi ;
  • la figure 10 montre dans une vue frontale un module intermédiaire de la chaudière de la figure 2;
  • la figure 11 montre le module intermédiaire de la figure 10, sectionné suivant la trace XI-XI;
  • la figure 12 montre dans une vue latérale le module intermédiaire de la figure 10 ;
  • la figure 13 montre le module intermédiaire de la figure 12, sectionné suivant la trace XIII-XIII ;
  • la figure 14 montre le module intermédiaire de la figure 10, sectionné suivant la trace XIV-XIV ;
  • la figure 15 montre le module intermédiaire de la figure 10, sectionné suivant la trace XV-XV ;
  • la figure 16 montre le module intermédiaire de la figure 10, sectionné suivant la trace XVI-XVI ;
  • la figure 17 montre le module intermédiaire de la figure 10, sectionné suivant la trace XVII-XVII ;
  • la figure 18 montre dans une vue frontale un module arrière de la chaudière de la figure 2 ;
  • la figure 19 montre dans une vue arrière le module arrière de la figure 18;
  • la figure 20 montre le module arrière de la figure 18 sectionné suivant la trace XX-XX;
  • la figure 21 montre le module arrière de la figure 18 sectionné suivant la trace XXI-XXI;
  • la figure 22 montre le module arrière de la figure 18 sectionné suivant la trace XXII-XXII;
  • la figure 23 montre le module arrière de la figure 18 sectionné suivant la trace XXIII-XXIII;
  • la figure 24 montre le module arrière de la figure 18 sectionné suivant la trace XXIV-XXIV;
  • la figure 25 montre le module arrière de la figure 18 sectionné suivant la trace XXV-XXV;
  • la figure 26 montre dans une vue partielle le module arrière de la figure 19 sectionné suivant la trace XXVI-XXVI;
  • la figure 27 montre dans une vue latérale, partiellement en section une seconde chaudière réalisée conformément à la présente invention ;
  • la figure 28 montre une variante de réalisation d'un détail agrandi de la figure 27 ;
  • la figure 29 montre, dans une vue d'en haut, une section médiane de la chaudière de la figure 27 ;
  • la figure 30 montre dans une vue d'en haut, une variante d'une partie de la chaudière de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 31 montre dans une vue latérale la partie de la chaudière de la figure 30; et
  • la figure 32 montre la partie de chaudière de la figure 30 suivant la trace XXXII-XXXII.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent in the detailed description of certain preferred but not exclusive embodiments of a flame inversion boiler, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 shows, in an axonometric view of three-quarter front, with some removed parts and other severed, a flame inversion boiler according to the present invention;
  • the figure 2 shows in a rear view a front module of a flame inversion boiler according to the present invention;
  • the figure 3 shows in a view before the front module of the figure 2 ;
  • the figure 4 shows the front module of the figure 2 , sectioned according to trace IV-IV;
  • the figure 5 shows the front module of the figure 2 , sectioned according to the trace VV;
  • the figure 6 shows the front module of the figure 2 , sectioned according to trace VI-VI;
  • the figure 7 shows the front module of the figure 2 , cut along the trace VII-VII;
  • the figure 8 shows the front module of the figure 2 , sectioned according to the trace VIII-VIII;
  • the figure 9 shows piece IX of the figure 8 enlarged;
  • the figure 10 shows in a front view an intermediate module of the boiler of the figure 2 ;
  • the figure 11 shows the intermediate module of the figure 10 , sectioned according to the trace XI-XI;
  • the figure 12 shows in a side view the intermediate module of the figure 10 ;
  • the figure 13 shows the intermediate module of the figure 12 , sectioned according to the trace XIII-XIII;
  • the figure 14 shows the intermediate module of the figure 10 , sectioned according to the trace XIV-XIV;
  • the figure 15 shows the intermediate module of the figure 10 , sectioned according to the trace XV-XV;
  • the figure 16 shows the intermediate module of the figure 10 , sectioned according to the trace XVI-XVI;
  • the figure 17 shows the intermediate module of the figure 10 , sectioned according to the trace XVII-XVII;
  • the figure 18 shows in a front view a rear module of the boiler of the figure 2 ;
  • the figure 19 shows in a rear view the rear module of the figure 18 ;
  • the figure 20 shows the back module of the figure 18 sectioned according to trace XX-XX;
  • the figure 21 shows the back module of the figure 18 sectioned according to trace XXI-XXI;
  • the figure 22 shows the back module of the figure 18 sectioned according to trace XXII-XXII;
  • the figure 23 shows the back module of the figure 18 sectioned according to trace XXIII-XXIII;
  • the figure 24 shows the back module of the figure 18 sectioned according to the trace XXIV-XXIV;
  • the figure 25 shows the back module of the figure 18 sectioned according to trace XXV-XXV;
  • the figure 26 shows in a partial view the rear module of the figure 19 sectioned according to trace XXVI-XXVI;
  • the figure 27 shows in a side view, partially in section a second boiler made according to the present invention;
  • the figure 28 shows an alternative embodiment of an enlarged detail of the figure 27 ;
  • the figure 29 shows, in a view from above, a middle section of the boiler of the figure 27 ;
  • the figure 30 shows in a view from above, a variant of a part of the boiler of the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 31 shows in a side view the part of the boiler of the figure 30 ; and
  • the figure 32 shows the boiler part of the figure 30 following the trace XXXII-XXXII.

Se référant aux figures citées, le numéro de référence 1 indique dans l'ensemble une chaudière à inversion de flamme suivant la présente invention.Referring to the figures cited, reference numeral 1 generally indicates a flame inversion boiler according to the present invention.

Comme la figure 1 l'indique, la chaudière 1 comprend tout d'abord une structure 2 fermée qui détermine, dans sa partie interne, une chambre supérieure 3 pour le stockage du combustible et une chambre inférieure 4 de combustion. Entre les deux chambres, supérieure 3 et inférieure 4, une ouverture de communication 5 de forme allongée a été pratiquée.As the figure 1 indicates, the boiler 1 comprises first a closed structure 2 which determines, in its inner part, an upper chamber 3 for storing the fuel and a lower combustion chamber 4. Between the two chambers, upper 3 and lower 4, an elongate communication opening 5 has been made.

En fonction des exigences de conception, d'autres formes ou plusieurs ouvertures de communication 5 peuvent être prévues.Depending on the design requirements, other shapes or communication openings may be provided.

La structure 2 définit également un interstice principal 6, pour le passage de l'eau à réchauffer, qui s'étend, du moins en partie, autour de la chambre supérieure 3 et de la chambre inférieure 4, même si, de préférence, il l'entoure presque complètement, comme le montre les figures ci-jointes.The structure 2 also defines a main gap 6, for the passage of the water to be heated, which extends, at least in part, around the upper chamber 3 and the lower chamber 4, even if, preferably, it surrounds it almost completely, as shown in the accompanying figures.

Conformément à la présente invention, cette structure 2 a été réalisée en fonte et est formée de l'union de pièces modulaires.According to the present invention, this structure 2 has been made of cast iron and is formed of the union of modular parts.

Sont prévus notamment trois modules de base avec lesquels il est possible de réaliser des chaudières 1 à inversion de flamme de différentes dimensions et, par conséquent, de différentes puissances thermiques.In particular, three basic modules are provided with which it is possible to produce flame-reversing boilers 1 of different sizes and, consequently, of different thermal powers.

Il s'agit d'un module frontal 7 (figures de 2 à 9), en mesure de constituer la façade de la chaudière 1, d'un module arrière 8 (figures de 18 à 26), en mesure de constituer la partie arrière de la structure 2, et d'une pluralité de modules intermédiaires 9 (figures de 10 à 17) montés en succession et étanches, entre le module frontal 7 et le module arrière 8. Chaque module 7, 8, 9, qui a un développement principalement vertical, constitue une section transversale de la structure 2 et présente une face avant 10 et une face arrière 11. Dans le cas du module intermédiaire 9, les deux faces 10, 11 sont identiques.It is a front module 7 (Figures 2 to 9), able to constitute the front of the boiler 1, a rear module 8 (Figures 18 to 26), able to constitute the rear part of the structure 2, and a plurality of intermediate modules 9 (Figures 10 to 17) mounted in succession and sealed, between the front module 7 and the rear module 8. Each module 7, 8 9, which has a mainly vertical development, is a cross section of the structure 2 and has a front face 10 and a rear face 11. In the case of the intermediate module 9, the two faces 10, 11 are identical.

En général, au moins les modules intermédiaires 9 définissent chacun, une section de la chambre supérieure 3, de la chambre inférieure 4 et de l'ouverture de communication 5.In general, at least the intermediate modules 9 each define a section of the upper chamber 3, the lower chamber 4 and the communication opening 5.

Chacun d'eux présente, dans leur partie interne, au moins un interstice secondaire 12, qui, une fois la structure 2 montée, est reliée aux interstices secondaires 12 des autres modules intermédiaires 9 pour constituer l'interstice principal 6.Each of them has, in their internal part, at least one secondary gap 12, which, once the structure 2 is mounted, is connected to the secondary interstices 12 of the other intermediate modules 9 to form the main gap 6.

Dans la forme de chaudière réalisée et illustrée, le module frontal 7 et le module arrière 8 présentent à l'intérieur, comme nous l'avons dit, un interstice secondaire 12 qui peut être relié aux interstices secondaires 12 des modules intermédiaires 9 pour constituer l'interstice principal 6.In the form of boiler produced and illustrated, the front module 7 and the rear module 8 have inside, as we said, a secondary gap 12 which can be connected to the secondary interstices 12 of the intermediate modules 9 to form the main interstice 6.

Pour permettre le raccordement des interstices secondaires 12, chaque module présente des orifices prévus à cet effet.To allow the connection of the secondary interstices 12, each module has orifices provided for this purpose.

Notamment, les modules intermédiaires 9 présentent au moins deux orifices arrière 13 et au moins deux orifices avant 14, pratiqués respectivement sur leur propre face arrière 11, et sur leur propre face avant 10.In particular, the intermediate modules 9 have at least two rear orifices 13 and at least two front orifices 14, respectively formed on their own rear face 11, and on their own front face 10.

Les orifices avant 14 sont alignés horizontalement sur les orifices arrière 13.The front orifices 14 are aligned horizontally on the rear orifices 13.

De cette façon, la structure 2 montée, les orifices avant 14 (arrière 13) d'un module intermédiaire 9 sont alignés sur les orifices arrière 13 (avant 14) d'un module intermédiaire 9 associé à sa face avant 10 (arrière 11), de manière à permettre la circulation de l'eau à réchauffer entre les interstices secondaires 12 des deux modules intermédiaires 9 couplés.In this way, the mounted structure 2, the front orifices 14 (rear 13) of an intermediate module 9 are aligned with the rear ports 13 (before 14) of an intermediate module 9 associated with its front face 10 (rear 11), so as to allow the flow of water to be heated between the secondary interstices 12 of the two intermediate modules 9 coupled.

De même, le module frontal 7 et le module arrière 8 présentent respectivement deux orifices arrière 13 et deux orifices avant 14 pratiqués sur leurs propres faces arrière 11 et avant 10 et disposés de façon à ce que quand le module respectif (frontal 7 ou arrière 8) est relié à un module intermédiaire 9, ils se retrouvent alignés horizontalement respectivement avec les orifices avant 14 et arrière 13 de ce module intermédiaire 9.Similarly, the front module 7 and the rear module 8 respectively have two rear ports 13 and two front orifices 14 formed on their own rear faces 11 and 10 before and arranged so that when the respective module (front 7 or rear 8 ) is connected to an intermediate module 9, they are aligned horizontally respectively with the front and rear openings 14 of this intermediate module 9.

Avantageusement, les deux orifices 13, 14, pratiqués sur chaque face 10, 11 de chaque module 7, 8, 9, sont placés un au sommet et un à la base de celle-ci.Advantageously, the two orifices 13, 14, formed on each face 10, 11 of each module 7, 8, 9, are placed one at the top and one at the base thereof.

De plus, comme les figures 1, 3 et 19 ci-jointes l'illustrent, le module frontal 7 et le module arrière 8 présentent respectivement deux orifices avant 14 et arrière 13 aussi sur leurs faces respectives (respectivement arrière 11 et avant 10) non destinées à être couplées aux modules intermédiaires 9.Moreover, as figures 1 , 3 and 19 As illustrated, the front module 7 and the rear module 8 respectively have two front and rear openings 14 also on their respective faces (respectively rear 11 and front 10) not intended to be coupled to the intermediate modules 9.

Au moins deux de ces orifices 13, 14 ont en effet le but d'être utilisés comme section d'entrée de l'eau 15 et comme section de sortie de l'eau 16 pour l'interstice principal 6.At least two of these orifices 13, 14 indeed have the purpose of being used as the water inlet section 15 and as the water outlet section 16 for the main interstice 6.

La forme de chaudière réalisée et illustrée prévoit que la section d'entrée 15 de l'eau est constituée de l'orifice arrière 13 situé à la base de la face arrière 11 du module arrière 8, et que la section de sortie 16 est en revanche constituée de l'orifice arrière 13, situé au sommet de la même face 11.The boiler shape produced and illustrated provides that the inlet section 15 of the water consists of the rear orifice 13 situated at the base of the rear face 11 of the rear module 8, and that the outlet section 16 is in contrast consists of the rear hole 13, located at the top of the same face 11.

Dans ce cas, les orifices avant 14 de la face avant 10 du module frontal 7 sont fermés par deux bouchons 17 qui, suivant les exigences, peuvent être également équipés de sondes de contrôle, comme une sonde de température ou de pression (non illustrées).In this case, the front orifices 14 of the front face 10 of the front module 7 are closed by two plugs 17 which, depending on the requirements, may also be equipped with control probes, such as a temperature or pressure probe (not shown).

Dans d'autres cas, suivant les exigences, les sections d'entrée et de sortie 15, 16 peuvent être toutes deux pratiquées dans le module frontal 7, une sur le module frontal 7 et une sur le module arrière 8, ou encore doublées et intéresser donc tous les quatre orifices 13, 14.In other cases, depending on the requirements, the input and output sections 15, 16 can both be made in the front module 7, one on the front module 7 and one on the rear module 8, or else doubled and therefore interest all four orifices 13, 14.

Dans la chaudière 1, illustrée dans les figures ci-jointes, sont prévues deux sections de sortie de l'eau 16, les deux pratiquées dans le module arrière 8. La seconde section de sortie 16, située au-dessus du module 8 même, permet de raccorder l'interstice à un échangeur thermique de sécurité immergé dans de l'eau froide (non illustré car de type connu).In the boiler 1, illustrated in the accompanying figures, two water outlet sections 16 are provided, both of which are made in the rear module 8. The second outlet section 16, located above the module 8 itself, allows to connect the gap to a safety heat exchanger immersed in cold water (not shown because of known type).

Dans la forme de chaudière réalisée et illustrée, l'eau qui entre par la section d'entrée 15 suit une pluralité de voies parallèles à travers les modules 7, 8, 9 pour sortir, une fois chaude, de la section de sortie 16.In the form of boiler made and illustrated, the water entering through the inlet section 15 follows a plurality of parallel tracks through the modules 7, 8, 9 to exit, once hot, from the outlet section 16.

Avantageusement, comme les figures 27 et 28 le montrent, le raccordement entre deux orifices 13, 14 l'un en face de l'autre de deux modules 7, 8, 9 consécutifs, s'obtient par le biais d'un manchon de raccord 18 inséré dans ceux-ci (de préférence à encastrer) pour en relier les interstices secondaires 12.Advantageously, as figures 27 and 28 as shown, the connection between two orifices 13, 14 facing each other of two consecutive modules 7, 8, 9 is obtained by means of a coupling sleeve 18 inserted into them (from preferably to embed) to connect the secondary interstices 12.

Suivant les exigences, le manchon 18 pourra avoir une forme cylindrique ou la forme de deux cônes tronqués unis par la base (comme illustré par exemple dans la figure 28).Depending on the requirements, the sleeve 18 may have a cylindrical shape or the shape of two truncated cones united by the base (as illustrated for example in FIG. figure 28 ).

Dans la figure 27, chaque manchon 18 a une longueur correspondant à l'épaisseur du matériau qui constitue les deux modules 7, 8, 9 couplés, et donc à la longueur des deux orifices 13, 14 où il est inséré. Dans ce cas, les manchons 18 ne dépassent pas à l'intérieur des interstices secondaires 12.In the figure 27 each sleeve 18 has a length corresponding to the thickness of the material which constitutes the two modules 7, 8, 9 coupled, and therefore to the length of the two orifices 13, 14 where it is inserted. In this case, the sleeves 18 do not protrude inside the secondary interstices 12.

Dans certains cas toutefois, pour mieux diviser le débit d'eau à réchauffer à l'intérieur de tous les interstices intermédiaires, un ou plusieurs manchons 18 (notamment ceux situés le long du parcours suivi par l'eau avant de commencer à monter à travers les modules) peuvent avoir une longueur supérieure à l'épaisseur du matériau qui constitue les deux modules 7, 8, 9 couplés (figure 28). Dans ce cas, ce manchon de raccord 18 est partiellement inséré aussi dans un des interstices secondaires 12 que celui-ci unit, notamment dans celui en aval, si on prend comme référence la direction de l'écoulement de l'eau. Avantageusement, cette solution est adoptée pour les manchons 18 les plus proches de la section d'entrée 15. La longueur de la partie dépassante 19 des manchons 18 peut diminuer plus le manchon 18 est loin de la section d'entrée 15.In some cases, however, to better divide the flow of water to be heated within all the interstices, one or more sleeves 18 (including those along the path followed by water before starting to climb through the modules) may have a length greater than the thickness of the material which constitutes the two modules 7, 8, 9 coupled ( figure 28 ). In this case, this connecting sleeve 18 is partially also inserted in one of the secondary interstices 12 that it unites, especially in the downstream, if we take as a reference the direction of the flow of water. Advantageously, this solution is adopted for the sleeves 18 closest to the inlet section 15. The length of the protruding portion 19 of the sleeves 18 can decrease, while the sleeve 18 is far from the inlet section 15.

En effet, d'une part, le débit d'eau qui entre par la section d'entrée 15 doit être égal au débit de l'eau qui coule verticalement dans les interstices secondaires 12, d'autre part, le débit d'eau dans les modules 7, 8, 9 doit être presque le même pour éviter des surchauffements localisés de la structure 2. Par conséquent, plus un module 7, 8, 9 est proche de la section d'entrée 15, plus la quantité d'eau qui le franchit doit être grande. Donc, le but des manchons 18 dépassants est de diminuer la section de passage utile à travers lequel l'eau peut s'introduire dans l'interstice secondaire correspondant 12.Indeed, on the one hand, the flow of water entering through the inlet section 15 must be equal to the flow rate of the water flowing vertically in the secondary interstices 12, on the other hand, the flow of water in the modules 7, 8, 9 must be almost the same to avoid localized superheating of the structure 2. Therefore, the more a module 7, 8, 9 is close to the inlet section 15, the more the quantity of water who passes it must be great. Therefore, the purpose of the protruding sleeves 18 is to decrease the useful cross-section through which the water can be introduced into the corresponding secondary gap 12.

Bien que, dans la forme de chaudière réalisée et illustrée sont prévus deux orifices 13, 14 sur chaque face des modules, il existe d'autres formes de réalisation de chaudière où chaque face présente un unique orifice 13, 14, ou une pluralité d'orifices 13, 14. Par conséquent, la disposition des sections d'entrée et de sortie 15, 16 variera dans une même mesure ainsi que le parcours de l'eau à l'intérieur de l'interstice.Although, in the form of boiler produced and illustrated, two orifices 13, 14 are provided on each face of the modules, there are other boiler embodiments where each face has a single orifice 13, 14, or a plurality of orifices 13, 14. Therefore, the arrangement of the inlet and outlet sections 15, 16 will vary to the same extent and the path of the water inside the gap.

La chaudière 1, objet de la présente invention, comprend au moins un premier conduit 20 qui a une première extrémité 21 en communication avec l'environnement externe et au moins une seconde extrémité 22 en communication avec l'intérieur de la chambre supérieure 3 pour permettre l'entrée d'air primaire de combustion dans la chambre supérieure 3 même.The boiler 1, object of the present invention, comprises at least a first conduit 20 which has a first end 21 in communication with the external environment and at least a second end 22 in communication with the interior of the upper chamber 3 to allow the primary combustion air inlet in the upper chamber 3 same.

Dans la forme de chaudière réalisée et illustrée, le premier conduit 20 s'étend au moins en partie à travers la structure 2, comme indiqué ci-dessous.In the form of boiler made and illustrated, the first conduit 20 extends at least partially through the structure 2, as shown below.

La chaudière 1 comprend également au moins un second conduit 23 qui, à son tour, présente une extrémité externe 24 en communication avec l'environnement externe et au moins une extrémité interne 25 en communication avec la chambre inférieure 4 pour permettre l'évacuation des fumées de combustion de la chambre inférieure 4 vers l'extérieur.The boiler 1 also comprises at least a second duct 23 which, in turn, has an outer end 24 in communication with the external environment and at least one inner end 25 in communication with the lower chamber 4 to allow the evacuation of fumes combustion of the lower chamber 4 to the outside.

Dans la forme de chaudière réalisée et illustrée, le second conduit 23 aussi s'étend au moins en partie à travers la structure 2 en fonte.In the form of boiler made and illustrated, the second conduit 23 also extends at least in part through the structure 2 cast iron.

Comme on le voit dans les figures 1 et 29, le premier conduit 20 présente une pluralité de secondes extrémités 22, chacune obtenue entre deux modules 7, 8, 9 couplés à hauteur d'une paroi latérale 26 de la chambre supérieure 3.As we see in the figures 1 and 29 , the first duct 20 has a plurality of second ends 22, each obtained between two modules 7, 8, 9 coupled at a height of a side wall 26 of the upper chamber 3.

Notamment, les secondes extrémités 22 sont définies par une chambre de diffusion 27 de l'air, localisée entre chaque paire de modules 7, 8, 9 couplés.In particular, the second ends 22 are defined by a diffusion chamber 27 of air, located between each pair of modules 7, 8, 9 coupled.

Cette chambre de diffusion 27 est notamment délimitée par des nervures 28 en relief, pratiquées de manière spéculaire sur chaque module 7, 8, 9 qui garantissent la liaison étanche des différents modules 7, 8, 9.This diffusion chamber 27 is defined in particular by ribs 28 in relief, made in a specular manner on each module 7, 8, 9 which guarantee the sealed connection of the various modules 7, 8, 9.

Comme illustré par exemple dans la figure 9, ces nervures 28 présentent, sur leur sommet, une rainure 29 dans laquelle il est possible d'appliquer un matériau scellant prévu à cet effet (non illustrée).As illustrated for example in the figure 9 these ribs 28 have, on their top, a groove 29 in which it is possible to apply a sealing material provided for this purpose (not shown).

Comme les figures 1, 2, 10 et 18 l'illustrent, chaque chambre de diffusion 27 est principalement localisée sur les côtés de la zone où est pratiquée l'ouverture de communication 5, mais présente une ramification 30 vers le haut en forme de U renversé qui définit une des secondes extrémités 22 du premier conduit 20.Like the figures 1 , 2 , 10 and 18 As illustrated, each diffusion chamber 27 is mainly located on the sides of the area where the communication opening 5 is made, but has an upward U-shaped branch 30 upside down which defines one of the second ends 22 of the first leads 20.

De cette façon, les secondes extrémités 22 du premier conduit 20 orientent l'air en entrée dans la chambre supérieure 3 tangentiellement aux parois verticales correspondantes 26.In this way, the second ends 22 of the first duct 20 direct the inlet air into the upper chamber 3 tangentially to the corresponding vertical walls 26.

Les chambres de diffusion 27 obtenues sur les deux faces 10, 11 de chaque module intermédiaire 9 sont ensuite reliées l'une à l'autre par un canal 31 débouchant qui s'étend de la face avant 10 à la face arrière 11 perpendiculairement par rapport au plan vertical de développement du module correspondant 9. Chaque canal 31 débouchant constitue une partie du premier conduit 20.The diffusion chambers 27 obtained on the two faces 10, 11 of each intermediate module 9 are then connected to each other by a channel 31 opening which extends from the front face 10 to the rear face 11 perpendicular to the in the vertical plane of development of the corresponding module 9. Each opening channel 31 constitutes a part of the first conduit 20.

Comme les figures ci-jointes l'indiquent, dans la forme réalisée et illustrée de la présente invention sont prévus au moins deux premiers conduits 20 symétriques qui se développent des deux côtés de la structure 2 à proximité de la zone intéressée par l'ouverture de communication 5.As the accompanying figures indicate, in the embodiment and illustrated form of the present invention are provided at least two first symmetrical conduits 20 which develop on both sides of the structure 2 near the area concerned by the opening of communication 5.

Le module frontal 7 présente aussi deux canaux 31 débouchants qui mettent en communication la chambre de diffusion 27, obtenue entre le module frontal 7 même et le module intermédiaire 9 auquel il est couplé, avec la partie externe de la structure 2.The front module 7 also has two through-channels 31 which put in communication the diffusion chamber 27, obtained between the front module 7 itself and the intermediate module 9 to which it is coupled, with the external part of the structure 2.

Dans la forme de chaudière réalisée et illustrée, au contraire, le module arrière 8 ne présente pas de canaux débouchants, mais, entre celui-ci et le module intermédiaire auquel il est couplé, une chambre de diffusion 27 peut être prévue.In the form of boiler produced and illustrated, on the contrary, the rear module 8 does not present through channels, but, between it and the intermediate module to which it is coupled, a diffusion chamber 27 may be provided.

Dans la forme de chaudière réalisée et illustrée, aux canaux 31 débouchants, obtenus dans le module frontal 7, sont liés des moyens d'alimentation de l'air primaire (qui peuvent être constitués d'une simple prise d'air ou d'un ventilateur) (figure 1).In the form of boiler produced and illustrated, the through channels 31, obtained in the front module 7, are connected primary air supply means (which may consist of a simple air intake or a fan) ( figure 1 ).

Dans d'autres formes de réalisation de chaudière, la réalisation de canaux débouchants peut être prévue sur le module arrière 8 et non sur le module frontal 7, ou sur les deux. Dans ce cas, les moyens d'alimentation peuvent être également associés aux canaux du module arrière 8.In other boiler embodiments, the production of through channels may be provided on the rear module 8 and not on the front module 7, or both. In this case, the supply means can also be associated with the channels of the rear module 8.

La division entre la chambre supérieure 3 et la chambre inférieure 4 est obtenue par le biais d'une paroi horizontale 33 qui d'un côté délimite l'ouverture de communication 5, de l'autre définit un logement 34 pour accueillir dans la chambre supérieure 3 un élément de base 35, de préférence réalisé en fonte ou dans un matériau réfractaire, qui définit supérieurement une surface d'appui 36 pour le combustible (figures 1 et 29-32). Cet élément de base 35 peut également délimiter une ouverture de communication 5 plus petite que celle définie par la paroi horizontale 33, comme les figures de 30 à 32 l'illustrent.The division between the upper chamber 3 and the lower chamber 4 is obtained by means of a horizontal wall 33 which on one side delimits the communication opening 5, on the other defines a housing 34 for accommodating in the upper chamber 3 a base member 35, preferably made of cast iron or a refractory material, which defines a support surface 36 for the fuel ( figures 1 and 29-32 ). This base element 35 may also delimit a communication opening 5 smaller than that defined by the horizontal wall 33, as the figures 30 to 32 illustrate.

Dans les deux cas, l'élément de base 35 remplit de préférence la fonction de brûleur, comme décrit dans le détail ci-dessous.In either case, the base member 35 preferably performs the burner function as described in detail below.

Cet élément de base 35 peut être constitué soit d'une unique pièce réalisée expressément pour une chaudière 1 d'une certaine dimension (exemples des figures 1 et 29-32), soit d'une série d'éléments modulaires, chacun associé au module correspondant de la structure 2 en fonte (solution non illustrée).This basic element 35 can consist of either a single piece made expressly for a boiler 1 of a certain size (examples of figures 1 and 29-32 ), or a series of modular elements, each associated with the corresponding module of the structure 2 cast iron (not illustrated solution).

Avantageusement, la chaudière 1 comprend aussi un troisième conduit 37 avec une bouche d'entrée 38 reliée à l'environnement externe, et une pluralité de bouches de sortie 39 placées à hauteur de l'ouverture de communication 5, pour le passage d'air secondaire de combustion dans l'ouverture de communication 5 même.Advantageously, the boiler 1 also comprises a third duct 37 with an inlet mouth 38 connected to the external environment, and a plurality of outlet mouths 39 placed at the height of the communication opening 5, for the passage of secondary combustion air in the communication opening 5 even.

Dans les formes de chaudière réalisées et illustrées dans les figures 1 et 29-32, le troisième conduit 37 s'étend en partie à travers le module frontal 7, en partie dans l'élément de base 35.In the boiler forms made and illustrated in the figures 1 and 29-32 the third duct 37 extends partly through the front module 7, partly into the base member 35.

Notamment, dans le cas de figure 1, cette seconde partie du troisième conduit 37 est complètement définie par l'élément de base 35, tandis que dans le cas de figure 29, elle est en partie délimitée par l'élément de base 35 et en partie par la structure 2. De plus, dans le cas de figure 29, le troisième conduit 37 a une section décroissante le long du parcours suivi par l'air secondaire pour en améliorer la diffusion.In particular, in the case of figure 1 this second part of the third duct 37 is completely defined by the base element 35, whereas in the case of figure 29 it is partly delimited by the base element 35 and partly by the structure 2. Moreover, in the case of figure 29 the third duct 37 has a decreasing section along the path followed by the secondary air to improve its diffusion.

Les bouches de sortie 39 ont été aussi pratiquées dans l'élément de base 35 et sont tournées vers l'ouverture de communication 5.The outlet mouths 39 have also been made in the base element 35 and are turned towards the communication opening 5.

Par contre, dans le cas illustré dans les figures de 30 à 32, l'élément de base 35 comprend deux plaques planes 51, 52 en fonte, écartées l'une de l'autre et entre lesquelles s'étend un manchon débouchant 53 qui définit l'ouverture de communication 5.On the other hand, in the case illustrated in FIGS. 30 to 32, the base element 35 comprises two flat iron plates 51, 52 spaced apart from one another and between which extends a sleeve 53 which defines the communication opening 5.

Les deux plaques planes (inférieure 51 et supérieure 52) ont été fondamentalement réalisées en contre-profil du logement 34.The two flat plates (lower 51 and upper 52) have basically been made in counter-profile of the housing 34.

Pour garantir le montage étanche de l'élément de base 35 dans le logement 34, ont été posés, entre la plaque plane inférieure 51 et la paroi horizontale 33, une garniture plane en porcelaine (non illustrée) et, dans la rainure 54 tout autour de la plaque supérieure, un cordon lui aussi en porcelaine.In order to guarantee the tight fitting of the base element 35 in the housing 34, a flat porcelain gasket (not shown) has been placed between the lower flat plate 51 and the horizontal wall 33, and in the groove 54 all around from the top plate, a cord also made of porcelain.

De cette façon, quand l'élément de base 35 est monté, entre les deux plaques planes 51, 52, un volume libre 55 reste défini qui constitue une partie du troisième conduit 37. Notamment, la plaque plane inférieure 51 présente également une portion latérale biseautée 56 à hauteur de la partie du troisième conduit 37 qui s'étend à travers le module frontal 7.In this way, when the base element 35 is mounted between the two flat plates 51, 52, a free volume 55 remains defined which constitutes a Part of the third duct 37. In particular, the lower flat plate 51 also has a bevelled lateral portion 56 at the height of the portion of the third duct 37 which extends through the front module 7.

Dans ce cas également, le troisième conduit 37 présente une pluralité de bouches de sortie 39 obtenues à hauteur du manchon débouchant.In this case also, the third conduit 37 has a plurality of outlet mouths 39 obtained at the height of the opening sleeve.

Le module avant présente ensuite deux premières ouvertures 40 pour accéder de l'extérieur respectivement à la chambre supérieure 3 et à la chambre inférieure 4, à chacune desquelles est associée une porte ouvrante (non illustrée), avantageusement recouverte, au moins en partie, d'un matériau réfractaire.The front module then has two first openings 40 for accessing from the outside respectively the upper chamber 3 and the lower chamber 4, each of which is associated with an opening door (not shown), advantageously covered, at least in part, by refractory material.

De même, le module arrière 8 présente une seconde ouverture 41 reliée d'un côté à une chambre des fumées (non illustrée car de type connu) reliée à l'arrière à la chaudière 1 même, de l'autre à la chambre supérieure 3. Suivant les exigences, cette seconde ouverture peut être ou moins ouvrante, par le biais d'une commande.Similarly, the rear module 8 has a second opening 41 connected on one side to a smoke chamber (not shown because of known type) connected to the back to the boiler 1 itself, the other to the upper chamber 3 Depending on the requirements, this second opening can be or less opening, by means of an order.

Avantageusement, pour permettre le raccordement de la chambre des fumées à la structure 2, le module arrière 8 présente, sur sa propre face arrière 11, un logement de couplage 42 (figures 19 et 26). De plus, pour augmenter la récupération thermique des fumées de combustion, la face arrière 11 du module arrière 8 peut être équipée d'une pluralité d'ailettes d'échange thermique 32.Advantageously, to allow the connection of the smoke chamber to the structure 2, the rear module 8 has, on its own rear face 11, a coupling housing 42 ( figures 19 and 26 ). In addition, to increase the thermal recovery of the combustion fumes, the rear face 11 of the rear module 8 can be equipped with a plurality of heat exchange fins 32.

La chaudière peut également être équipée de moyens pour éviter la sortie de fumées de la chambre supérieure 3 au moment de l'ouverture de la porte ouvrante correspondante.The boiler may also be equipped with means for preventing the discharge of fumes from the upper chamber 3 at the moment of opening of the corresponding opening door.

A l'intérieur de la chambre inférieure 4 est monté un bouclier 43 (figure 1), qui, dans la forme de chaudière réalisée et illustrée, est constitué d'un demi-cylindre dans un matériau adapté (tôle d'acier, réfractaire, fonte, etc.) qui a la double fonction de protéger le fond 44 de la chambre inférieure 4 contre les flammes de la combustion et de retenir les cendres qui peuvent donc lentement se consumer tout à fait. Dans certaines applications (non illustrées), le bouclier 43 peut lui-aussi présenter à l'intérieur un interstice pour l'eau à réchauffer.Inside the lower chamber 4 is mounted a shield 43 ( figure 1 ), which, in the form of boiler produced and illustrated, consists of a half-cylinder in a suitable material (steel sheet, refractory, cast iron, etc.) which has the dual function of protecting the bottom 44 of the lower chamber 4 against the flames of combustion and holding back the ashes which can thus slowly be consumed altogether. In some applications (not shown), the shield 43 may also have inside a gap for the water to be heated.

Le bouclier 43 est tenu à une certaine distance du fond 44 de la chambre inférieure 4 par le biais d'ailettes 45 solidaires du fond 44 même, qui définissent, avec le bouclier 43 lui-même, une pluralité de parcours 46 parallèles qui s'étendent longitudinalement dans la chaudière 1, et qui constituent une partie du second conduit 23.The shield 43 is held at a distance from the bottom 44 of the lower chamber 4 by means of fins 45 integral with the bottom 44 itself, which define, with the shield 43 itself, a plurality of parallel paths 46 which extend longitudinally in the boiler 1, and which constitute a part of the second conduit 23.

Avantageusement, le bouclier 43 est au contact de la face avant 10 du module arrière 8, mais il est à une certaine distance de la face arrière 11 du module frontal 7.Advantageously, the shield 43 is in contact with the front face 10 of the rear module 8, but it is at a distance from the rear face 11 of the front module 7.

De cette façon, les fumées de la combustion entrent à proximité du module frontal et parcourent toujours complètement les parcours 46 situés en dessous du bouclier 43 (figure 1). La zone d'entrée des fumées en dessous du bouclier 43 constitue l'extrémité interne 25 du second conduit 23.In this way, the combustion fumes come close to the front module and still completely traverse the tracks 46 located below the shield 43 ( figure 1 ). The zone of entry of the fumes below the shield 43 constitutes the internal end 25 of the second conduit 23.

Ces parcours 46 parallèles sont reliés à la chambre des fumées à travers deux fissures 47 de forme oblongue, pratiquées à travers le module arrière 8, qui constituent l'extrémité externe 24 du second conduit 23.These parallel paths 46 are connected to the smoke chamber through two oblong-shaped cracks 47 formed through the rear module 8, which constitute the outer end 24 of the second conduit 23.

Comme anticipé supra à propos des chambres de diffusion 27, l'étanchéité des deux modules couplés est garantie par deux nervures en relief 28 correspondantes, obtenues une sur chaque module 7, 8, 9, chacune possédant une rainure 29 pour recevoir le matériau scellant.As anticipated above with respect to the diffusion chambers 27, the sealing of the two coupled modules is guaranteed by two corresponding raised ribs 28, obtained one on each module 7, 8, 9, each having a groove 29 for receiving the sealing material.

La liaison des différents éléments qui constituent la structure 2 en fonte est réalisée soit grâce à l'action adhésive du matériau scellant, soit par encastrement des manchons de raccord 18 dans les orifices 13, 14 des différents modules 7, 8, 9, soit par le biais de barres filetées externes (non illustrées) montées entre des flasques prévues à cet effet 48, obtenues sur le module frontal 7 et sur le module arrière 8.The connection of the different elements that constitute the structure 2 in cast iron is achieved either by the adhesive action of the sealing material, or by fitting of the coupling sleeves 18 in the orifices 13, 14 of the various modules 7, 8, 9, or by means of external threaded bars (not shown) mounted between flanges provided for this purpose 48, obtained on the front module 7 and on the rear module 8.

Pour terminer, la chaudière 1, objet de la présente invention, fonctionne à tirage forcé par le biais d'un ventilateur (non illustré) qui peut être relié soit en refoulement au premier et au troisième conduit 37, soit en aspiration au second conduit 23.Finally, the boiler 1, object of the present invention, operates forced draft through a fan (not shown) which can be connected either back to the first and third conduit 37, or in suction to the second conduit 23 .

Le fonctionnement de la chaudière 1, objet de la présente invention, découle immédiatement de la description structurale précédente et est analogue au fonctionnement des chaudières à inversion de flamme normalement utilisées aujourd'hui.The operation of the boiler 1, which is the subject of the present invention, follows immediately from the preceding structural description and is analogous to the operation of the flame inversion boilers normally used today.

La présente invention atteint d'importants avantages.The present invention achieves important advantages.

En premier lieu, la chaudière à inversion de flamme, objet de la présente invention, a une durée de vie supérieure aux chaudières aujourd'hui connues grâce à sa réalisation en fonte.In the first place, the flame inversion boiler, which is the subject of the present invention, has a longer life than the boilers which are today known thanks to its cast iron construction.

En second lieu, l'utilisation de modules aux dimensions limitées garantit une excellente résistance mécanique aux variations de pression qui se créent dans l'interstice.Secondly, the use of modules with limited dimensions guarantees excellent mechanical resistance to the pressure variations that are created in the interstice.

De plus, la chaudière, objet de la présente invention, présente un meilleur rapport prix/durée par rapport aux chaudières connues aujourd'hui.In addition, the boiler, object of the present invention, has a better price / duration compared to boilers known today.

Signalons également que la présente invention est relativement facile à réaliser.Note also that the present invention is relatively easy to achieve.

L'invention ainsi conçue peut être sujette à de nombreuses modifications et variantes, toutes rentrant dans le cadre du concept inventif qui la caractérise.The invention thus conceived may be subject to numerous modifications and variations, all falling within the framework of the inventive concept which characterizes it.

Tous les détails sont remplaçables par d'autres éléments techniquement équivalents et, en pratique, tous les matériaux utilisés, ainsi que les formes et les dimensions des différents composants, pourront être quelconques suivant les exigences.All details are replaceable by other elements technically equivalent and, in practice, all the materials used, as well as the shapes and dimensions of the various components, may be any according to the requirements.

Claims (22)

  1. Reverse flame boiler comprising
    a closed structure (2) delimiting, in its internal part, a top chamber (3) for storing fuel and a bottom combustion chamber (4), at least one communication opening (5) being located between the said top chamber (3) and the said bottom chamber (4), the said structure (2) also defining a main interstice (6) for the passage of the water to be heated extending around the said top chamber (3) and the said bottom chamber (4);
    at least a first conduit (20) having a first end (21) in communication with the external environment and a second end (22) in communication with the said top chamber (3) to allow the entry of primary combustion air into the said top chamber (3); and
    at least a second conduit (23) having an external end (24) in communication with the external environment and at least an internal end (25) in communication with the said bottom chamber (4) to allow the discharge of the combustion fumes from the said bottom chamber (4) to the outside;
    the said structure (2) being produced in cast iron by means of the joining of modular parts, and comprising a front module (7), a rear module (8) and a plurality of intermediate modules (9) mounted in succession and sealingly between the front module (7) and the rear module (8), each of the said modules having a mainly vertical layout and having a front face (10) and a rear face (11), at least the said intermediate modules (9) each defining a part of the said top chamber (3) and of the said bottom chamber (4) and having inside at least one secondary interstice (12), the connection of all the secondary interstices (12) constituting the said main interstice (6),
    characterised in that the first conduit (20) has a plurality of second ends (22), each placed between two coupled modules and level with a lateral wall (26) of the said top chamber (3).
  2. Reverse flame boiler according to claim 1, characterised in that at least each of the said intermediate modules (9) has an emerging channel (31) extending from the said front face (10) to the said rear face (11) and constituting a part of the said first conduit (20).
  3. Reverse flame boiler according to claim 2, characterised in that, between each pair of coupled intermediate modules (9), level with the corresponding emerging channels (31), there is delimited an air diffusion chamber (27), one end of which defines the said second end (22) of the first conduit (20).
  4. Reverse flame boiler according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least a second end (22) of the first conduit (20) orients the air to the inlet of the said top chamber (3) tangentially with respect to the corresponding vertical walls.
  5. Reverse flame boiler according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it comprises at least two first conduits (20) laid out on the two faces of the said structure (2).
  6. Reverse flame boiler according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it also comprises at least a third conduit (37) having an inlet opening (38) connected to the external environment and a plurality of outlet openings (39) placed level with the said communication opening (5).
  7. Reverse flame boiler according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it also comprises at least one base element (35) mounted inside the said top chamber (3) level with the said communication opening (5) and defining at the top a support surface (36) for the fuel.
  8. Reverse flame boiler according to claims 6 and 7, characterised in that the third conduit (37) is at least partly obtained in the said base element (35), the said outlet openings (39) being obtained in the said base element (35) and being oriented towards the said communication opening (5).
  9. Reverse flame boiler according to claim 8, characterised in that the said base element (35) is produced from cast iron or refractory material.
  10. Reverse flame boiler according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that each intermediate module (9) has, on its own rear face (11), at least two rear orifices (13) and, on its own front face (10), at least two front orifices (14), the front orifices (14) being aligned horizontally on the rear orifices (13) to allow the circulation of the water to be heated between the secondary interstices (12) of two coupled intermediate modules (9).
  11. Reverse flame boiler according to one of the claims, characterised in that the said front module (7) and the said rear module (8) also have in their internal part a secondary interstice (12) that can be connected to the secondary interstices (12) of the intermediate modules (9) in order to constitute the said main interstice (6).
  12. Reverse flame boiler according to claims 10 and 11, characterised in that the said front module (7) has, at least on its own rear face (11), at least two orifices (13) that, when the front module (7) is connected to an intermediate module (9), are aligned horizontally on the front orifices (14) of this intermediate module (9) to allow the circulation of the water to be heated between the secondary interstice (12) of the front module (7) and the secondary interstice (12) of the intermediate module (9) that is coupled to it.
  13. Reverse flame boiler according to claims 10 and 11, or 12, characterised in that the said rear module (8) has, at least on its own front face (10), at least two front orifices (14) that, when the rear module (8) is connected to an intermediate module (9), are aligned horizontally on the rear orifices (13) of this intermediate module (9) to allow the circulation of the water to be heated between the secondary interstice (12) of the rear module (8) and the secondary interstice (12) of the intermediate module (9) that is coupled to it.
  14. Reverse flame boiler according to claim 10, 12 or 13, characterised in that it comprises a plurality of coupling sleeves (18), inserted in orifices, going in pairs, one facing the other, of two coupled modules, in order to connect the secondary interstices (12) thereof.
  15. Reverse flame boiler according to claim 14, characterised in that at least some of the said coupling sleeves (18) project partially into at least one of the secondary interstices (12) that they connect, in order to improve the distribution of the water inside the main interstice (6).
  16. Reverse flame boiler according to claim 11, characterised in that the said main interstice (6) has at least one inlet section (15) for the water and at least one outlet section (16) for the water, the two formed in the said rear module (8).
  17. Reverse flame boiler according to claim 16, characterised in that the said main interstice (6) has two outlet sections (16) for the water, the two formed in the said rear module (8).
  18. Reverse flame boiler according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the said front module (7) has at least one door for access to the said top chamber (3) and to the said bottom chamber (4).
  19. Reverse flame boiler according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it also comprises a shield (43) inserted in the bottom chamber (4), the said second fume discharge conduit (23) being at least partly obtained between the said shield (43) and the bottom (44) of the bottom chamber (4).
  20. Reverse flame boiler according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the said rear module (8) also has, on its own rear face (11), a housing for the coupling (42) to a fume chamber.
  21. Reverse flame boiler according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it also comprises a fume chamber associated with the rear face (11) of the rear module (8) and connected to the said second conduit (23).
  22. Reverse flame boiler according to one of the claims, characterised in that the fluidtightness of the two coupled modules is obtained by the coupling between two corresponding ribs (28) in relief with which each module is equipped.
EP04447047A 2004-02-19 2004-02-19 Reverse flame boiler Expired - Lifetime EP1566591B8 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04447047A EP1566591B8 (en) 2004-02-19 2004-02-19 Reverse flame boiler
DE602004016619T DE602004016619D1 (en) 2004-02-19 2004-02-19 Heating boiler with flame reversal
AT04447047T ATE408788T1 (en) 2004-02-19 2004-02-19 BOILER WITH FLAME REVERSAL

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04447047A EP1566591B8 (en) 2004-02-19 2004-02-19 Reverse flame boiler

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1566591A1 EP1566591A1 (en) 2005-08-24
EP1566591B1 true EP1566591B1 (en) 2008-09-17
EP1566591B8 EP1566591B8 (en) 2008-11-26

Family

ID=34707431

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04447047A Expired - Lifetime EP1566591B8 (en) 2004-02-19 2004-02-19 Reverse flame boiler

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1566591B8 (en)
AT (1) ATE408788T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602004016619D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1983258A3 (en) * 2007-03-13 2010-03-31 Central Boiler Inc. Wood fired boiler
CN116398874B (en) * 2023-04-13 2024-03-01 郴州自然人新能源高科技有限公司 Biomass combustion boiler

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE445375C (en) * 1927-07-14 Albert Brahm Connection nipple for cast iron articulated boiler
DE98800C (en) *
DE699444C (en) * 1937-04-22 1940-11-29 Karl Gollnick Articulated boiler for the combustion of particularly tar-forming fuels, such as long logs and. like
FR1237160A (en) * 1959-06-01 1960-07-29 Gen Thermique Sectional element boiler
IT1181346B (en) * 1984-03-16 1987-09-23 Unical Spa PERFECTED BURNER FOR STEEL SOLID FUEL BOILER
DE3766998D1 (en) * 1986-04-02 1991-02-07 Dietrich & Cie De CAST-IRON BOILER FOR SOLID FUELS WITH A FIRE-RESISTANT COMBUSTION CHANNEL.
DE3742578A1 (en) * 1987-12-16 1989-07-06 Norbert Harlander BURNER FOR SOLID FUELS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE408788T1 (en) 2008-10-15
EP1566591A1 (en) 2005-08-24
EP1566591B8 (en) 2008-11-26
DE602004016619D1 (en) 2008-10-30

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