EP1566454A1 - Procédé de fabrication de produits en fonte nodulaire et produits obtenus - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de produits en fonte nodulaire et produits obtenus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1566454A1
EP1566454A1 EP05450027A EP05450027A EP1566454A1 EP 1566454 A1 EP1566454 A1 EP 1566454A1 EP 05450027 A EP05450027 A EP 05450027A EP 05450027 A EP05450027 A EP 05450027A EP 1566454 A1 EP1566454 A1 EP 1566454A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
temperature
bainitizing
celsius
cast iron
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05450027A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Oskar Kehrer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Magna Drivetrain AG and Co KG
Original Assignee
Magna Drivetrain AG and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Magna Drivetrain AG and Co KG filed Critical Magna Drivetrain AG and Co KG
Publication of EP1566454A1 publication Critical patent/EP1566454A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/002—Bainite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/006—Graphite

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a workpiece made of bainitic nodular cast iron, starting from a nodular cast iron workpiece with spheroidal graphite by austenitizing and subsequent bainitizing.
  • Bainitic nodular cast iron has opposite ordinary nodular cast iron and forged steel thanks to its special structure at the same Elongation at break a higher tensile strength and above all a higher fatigue strength under dynamic load; only alloyed steel is enough Properties. Further advantages are lower specific weight, good damping properties. Its thermal expansion is bigger, similar to that of aluminum and its alloys, which when combined this two materials is an advantage. Therefore this material is suitable for shafts, gears, cams, control cams, gearboxes and chassis parts.
  • Ductile iron is from the standards DIN EN 1564 (1997), ASTM A 897-90 (1997) ("Standard Specification for Austempered Ductile Cast Iron"), SAE J 24770 (2002) and ISO 17804 (draft) and known in these specified. He usually, but not quite, as a Bainitic Ductile iron or better called "Austempered Ductile Cast Iron". at its production is based on alloyed ductile iron, the Austenitizing takes place in a protective gas atmosphere at temperatures between 800 and 900 degrees Celsius and lasts at least two hours, at Parts with large wall thicknesses considerably longer.
  • Austenitizing according to a) a residence time of 0.2 to 6 hours in one Atmosphere of 0.35 to 1.2 weight percent carbon (claim 2), where the lower value stands for very small and the higher value for very large and thick workpieces, such as a turbine rotor.
  • the carbon atmosphere Prevents decarburization of the edge zones, so that the Workpiece is homogeneous in its entire depth.
  • the speed at which cooling to room temperature according to b), should be chosen so that the cooling curve in the ZTU graph the "Perlitnase" just not touched (claim 3). That means, the Cooling can be done at a reduced cooling rate, which (depending on the workpiece thickness) with a gas stream (nitrogen, helium and their mixtures, or even air) can be achieved again with little equipment expense. This is despite the higher austenitizing temperature the risk of distortion much smaller. For lower requirements to the dimensional stability of the workpiece is also a cooling in the Oil bath possible. For workpieces that require maximum wear resistance arrives, or in which the Perlitnase projects far, the Cooling rate chosen so that the cooling curve also the "bainitnase" just not touched (claim 4)
  • the bainitizing according to c) then takes place "from below", wherein during 0.5 up to 4 hours at the temperature of 120 to 600 ° Celsius the strength properties be set (claim 5).
  • the duration is again depending on the size of the workpiece, for smaller shafts and gears it is rarely over an hour.
  • the mechanical workpiece properties by choice of temperature process-reliably precisely adjustable, and for maximum wear resistance between 120 and 250 ° Celsius (claim 6) and for high toughness and especially high fatigue strength between 250 and 600 ° Celsius (Claim 7).
  • the low risk of distortion also has a special advantage: the workpiece which is assumed to be made of ductile iron and can already be processed to its final form (claim 8), which in the ordinary spheroidal graphite iron, ie the unalloyed starting material in particular easy and fast goes (claim 9).
  • the process of the invention may be of ordinary ductile iron (For example, according to DIN EN 1563) go out (claim 9), which is no special Contains additional elements.
  • the properties of the workpiece through a modified composition be further improved.
  • Such an improved starting material Contains 2.8 to 3.6 weight percent carbon in addition to the iron and 2.7 to 4.0 weight percent silicon, balance unavoidable Impurities and impurities present in ordinary ductile iron (Claim 10).
  • the basic values of the areas of Carbon and silicon crosswise to each other: To the higher Carbon content belongs to the lower silicon content and vice versa, so corresponding to the carbon equivalent, a composition slightly above or below the eutectic setting.
  • the increased carbon content is due to the higher austenitizing temperature possible.
  • the increased silicon content prevents carbide formation while bainitizing.
  • An already existing in ordinary ductile iron Addition is about magnesium, from experience 0.03 to 0.06 weight percent is sufficient to form the carbon in spherical form bring to. Particularly good values were achieved when the workpiece 3.1 to 3.5 weight percent carbon and 3.0 to 3.5 weight percent Silicon contains (claim 11).
  • a workpiece As an example, the production of a workpiece according to the invention described. It can be a crankshaft, camshaft or balancer shaft an internal combustion engine to gears, cams, Parts of a machine tool, or highly stressed housing or Chassis parts of a motor vehicle act. So made parts can forged, case-hardened, nitrided, otherwise hardened or tempered Parts or such of a material according to the prior art replace.
  • Fig. 1 shows, for example, a balancing shaft with gear. It consists of a shaft 1, a one-piece with her gear and from the bearing surfaces 3.4. The workpiece in its original shape is brought into shape by casting as ductile iron. Then, the gear 2 and the bearing surfaces are processed 3,4, which is very easy and fast because of the good Zerspannles in this state. If the known increase in volume during bainitizing is taken into account, the cast workpiece can already have the final shape, including a coarser toothing. At best, then after the heat treatment, the bainitizing, no mechanical processing at all necessary.
  • Ductile iron is either a heat-treated ordinary invention Ductile iron according to DIN EN 1563 or one according to the invention modified and treated ductile iron. Such arises through Adding further elements (Ca, Ce, Ni) or by extending the Percentages of carbon and silicon. The following are typical analyzes concrete examples of both:
  • Example 1 Ordinary ductile iron
  • Example 2 modified ductile iron
  • the workpiece is made of ordinary or improved Ductile iron for austenitizing initially heated to 1000 ° C, to prevent superficial decarburization in carbon enriched The atmosphere. Due to the increased temperature, the increased Carbon content mostly in solution.
  • the bainitization follows by tempering at 120 to 600 ° Celsius and for 0.5 to 4 hours.
  • the temperature depends on the required mechanical and technological properties (hardness, toughness, Fatigue strength, tensile strength, etc), the time depends mainly from the mass to surface ratio of the workpiece.
  • FIG. 2 shows two, for example, courses.
  • the trapezoidal Curve 9 shows the temperature curve when bainitizing to 300 ° C, curve 10 when bainitizing to 530 ° C.
  • the mechanical properties of a treated according to the curve 9 at 300 ° C. Workpiece are high wear resistance due to hard surface (e.g., 56 HRC) at moderate elongation at break.
  • One after the curve 10 At 530 ° C treated workpiece shows about twice the fatigue strength of a spheroidal cast iron according to the prior art (DIN EN 1563), a high Core strength, because of the smaller modulus of elasticity, a very high noise damping capacity and because of the very small carbon spheres (SpPSithen) hardly notch effect and therefore high fracture toughness, lower weight (density 7.1 g / cm3, compared to 7.85 of steel), good castability and a coefficient of thermal expansion that the of aluminum comes very close. Because of the thermal expansion coefficient due to the noise damping capacity ideal for Gears and shafts running in a light metal housing.
  • Fig. 3 The resulting structure is shown greatly enlarged in Fig. 3 . It is a very fine mixture (gray in the picture) of austenite and bainite, with only a few martensite needles (white in the picture) and very small graphite beads (black in the picture).
  • Field A corresponds to the prior art bainitic nodular cast iron, B forged alloy steel, C forged mild steel, D ordinary nodular cast iron, and E a nodular cast iron bainitized according to the present invention.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
EP05450027A 2004-02-10 2005-02-10 Procédé de fabrication de produits en fonte nodulaire et produits obtenus Withdrawn EP1566454A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT982004 2004-02-10
AT9804U 2004-02-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1566454A1 true EP1566454A1 (fr) 2005-08-24

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EP05450027A Withdrawn EP1566454A1 (fr) 2004-02-10 2005-02-10 Procédé de fabrication de produits en fonte nodulaire et produits obtenus

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2092089A1 (fr) * 2006-12-16 2009-08-26 Indexator AB Fonte ductile ayant subie une trempe étagée bainitique, procédé de production de cette fonte et composant comprenant cette fonte
EP4050116A1 (fr) * 2016-12-19 2022-08-31 Saint-Gobain Pam Canalisation Procédé de fabrication d'un objet en fonte à graphite sphéroïdal, et élément correspondant

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3702269A (en) * 1971-01-22 1972-11-07 Int Nickel Co Ultra high strength ductile iron
DE2428822A1 (de) * 1974-06-14 1976-01-02 Goetzewerke Sphaerogusseisenlegierung mit erhoehter verschleissbestaendigkeit
JPS60177125A (ja) * 1984-02-22 1985-09-11 Toyota Motor Corp 強靭鋳鉄の製造方法
EP0622466A1 (fr) * 1993-04-26 1994-11-02 Mercedes-Benz Ag Procédé de durcissement de pièces en fonte à graphite sphéroidal
DE10101159A1 (de) * 2001-01-12 2002-07-25 Siempelkamp Gmbh & Co Gusswerkstoff mit ferritischem Gefüge und Kugelgraphit, insbesondere ferritisches Gusseisen
WO2003057937A1 (fr) * 2002-01-14 2003-07-17 Georg Fischer Fahrzeugtechnik Ag Alliage de fonte nodulaire
EP1384794A1 (fr) * 2002-07-26 2004-01-28 Erre-Vis S.p.A. Fonte nodulaire pour segments de piston et procédé pour la fabrication de ladite fonte

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3702269A (en) * 1971-01-22 1972-11-07 Int Nickel Co Ultra high strength ductile iron
DE2428822A1 (de) * 1974-06-14 1976-01-02 Goetzewerke Sphaerogusseisenlegierung mit erhoehter verschleissbestaendigkeit
JPS60177125A (ja) * 1984-02-22 1985-09-11 Toyota Motor Corp 強靭鋳鉄の製造方法
EP0622466A1 (fr) * 1993-04-26 1994-11-02 Mercedes-Benz Ag Procédé de durcissement de pièces en fonte à graphite sphéroidal
DE10101159A1 (de) * 2001-01-12 2002-07-25 Siempelkamp Gmbh & Co Gusswerkstoff mit ferritischem Gefüge und Kugelgraphit, insbesondere ferritisches Gusseisen
WO2003057937A1 (fr) * 2002-01-14 2003-07-17 Georg Fischer Fahrzeugtechnik Ag Alliage de fonte nodulaire
EP1384794A1 (fr) * 2002-07-26 2004-01-28 Erre-Vis S.p.A. Fonte nodulaire pour segments de piston et procédé pour la fabrication de ladite fonte

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
LIESENBERG O ET AL: "HOCHFESTES GUBEISEN MIT KUGELGRAPHIT AUF DER GRUNDLAGE VON VERGUETUNGS UND BAINITISCHEN GUBGEFUEGEN", GIESSEREITECHNIK, LEIPZIG, DE, vol. 26, no. 12, 1980, pages 359 - 363, XP000934042, ISSN: 0016-9803 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 010, no. 023 (C - 325) 29 January 1986 (1986-01-29) *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2092089A1 (fr) * 2006-12-16 2009-08-26 Indexator AB Fonte ductile ayant subie une trempe étagée bainitique, procédé de production de cette fonte et composant comprenant cette fonte
EP2092088A1 (fr) * 2006-12-16 2009-08-26 Indexator AB Procédé de fabrication d'au moins une partie d'un dispositif destiné à un engin de terrassement ou à un engin servant à manipuler des matériaux, faisant intervenir de la fonte ductile ayant subie une trempe étagée bainitique
EP2092088A4 (fr) * 2006-12-16 2010-08-11 Indexator Ab Procédé de fabrication d'au moins une partie d'un dispositif destiné à un engin de terrassement ou à un engin servant à manipuler des matériaux, faisant intervenir de la fonte ductile ayant subie une trempe étagée bainitique
EP2092089A4 (fr) * 2006-12-16 2010-08-11 Indexator Ab Fonte ductile ayant subie une trempe étagée bainitique, procédé de production de cette fonte et composant comprenant cette fonte
EP4050116A1 (fr) * 2016-12-19 2022-08-31 Saint-Gobain Pam Canalisation Procédé de fabrication d'un objet en fonte à graphite sphéroïdal, et élément correspondant

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