EP1559797B1 - Method for manufacturing a high strength steel sheet - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing a high strength steel sheet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1559797B1
EP1559797B1 EP05001139.4A EP05001139A EP1559797B1 EP 1559797 B1 EP1559797 B1 EP 1559797B1 EP 05001139 A EP05001139 A EP 05001139A EP 1559797 B1 EP1559797 B1 EP 1559797B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
steel sheet
cooling
hot
temperature
less
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EP05001139.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1559797A1 (en
Inventor
Kohei c/o Intellectual Property Department Hasegawa
Saiji c/o Intellectual Property Department Matsuoka
Yasuhide c/o Intellectual Property Dept. Ishiguro
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/005—Ferrite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0226—Hot rolling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a high strength steel sheet most suitable for automobile body, reinforcements, wheels, and chassis parts and further for all kinds of machine structural parts.
  • a known response to the requirement is dual phase steel sheet structured by ferrite and martensite as the main phases, (the steel has several names of Dual Phase steel, DP steel, and composite structural steel). Owing to low yield ratio, (hereinafter referred to simply as YR), and high elongation, the dual phase steel sheet is superior in the press-formability such as draw-forming property and surface precision after press-forming (shape accuracy), thus the dual phase steel sheet drew attention as an automobile material, and the development thereof has been enhanced.
  • the dual phase micro-structure in a hot-rolled steel sheet is achieved during the cooling step after hot-rolling by transformation to polygonal ferrite much enough to enrich a solute element in the residual austenite, thus increasing in the quench-hardenability due to the transformation to martensite.
  • the technology emphasizes the control of precipitated amount of polygonal ferrite to form the micro-structure and to improve the mechanical characteristics. Accordingly, various development studies on the control of polygonal ferrite precipitation have been given.
  • Patent Documents 1 through 11 disclose methods combining with what is called the two-stage cooling process as a steel composition design.
  • the methods include the steps of: adding large amount of ferrite-stabilizing elements represented by Si, (and including P, Al, and the like); stopping cooling, in the cooling step after hot-rolling, at near A 1 temperature where the ferrite precipitation is accelerated; holding the temperature for about 10 seconds; and applying cooling again.
  • Patent Documents 12 through 15 disclose manufacturing methods to obtain desired steel sheet without adding the ferrite-stabilizing element. That is, the methods adopt a cooling-control pattern different from conventional method, for example, dividing the rapid cooling after finish-rolling into two stages.
  • Patent Documents 16 through 18 disclose methods to apply rapid cooling immediately after the hot-rolling.
  • Patent Document 16 adopts the above-method for a low Si steel.
  • Patent Documents 1 through 11 need to add excess Si, P, and Al, though they show favorable mechanical characteristics, thus they have problems of degradation in surf ace property caused by red-scale formation, degradation in coatability, and degradation in weldability. Consequently, their applications are limited.
  • the steel sheets manufactured by the methods according to Patent Documents 12 through 15 contain small amount of Si, P, and Al so that the cooling method in related art cannot fully progress the transformation from austenite to ferrite on the runout table after hot-rolling.
  • the volume percentage of polygonal ferrite becomes small, the volume percentage of martensite becomes large, and the polygonal ferrite grains become coarse by the same reason, which fails to attain adequate metallic micro-structure which is specified by the present invention.
  • the manufactured steel sheet shows higher than 0.6 of YR in the mechanical characteristics, which is an inferior characteristic.
  • YR is required to be 0.6 or less.
  • the method for manufacturing hot-rolled dual phase steel sheet according to the related art adopts either the addition of ferrite-stabilizing element (Si, P, Al, or the like) sacrificing the surface property and other features or the sacrification of mechanical characteristics.
  • ferrite-stabilizing element Si, P, Al, or the like
  • Patent Documents 16 and 17 do not consider YR and the metallic micro-structure to attain the YR.
  • Patent Document 18 is a technology to manufacture a high Si steel, the surface property of the steel sheet becomes poor. To improve the surface property, Si may be decreased. If, however, the Si content is decreased, no adequate metallic micro-structure is obtained, and the YR characteristic becomes poor. Both the YR and the surface property cannot be satisfied at a time.
  • the inventors of the present invention found a phenomenon which significantly enhances the fine ferrite formation compared with conventional two-stage cooling process, even without adding excess ferrite-stabilization elements, by beginning the ultra-rapid cooling at 150°C/s or higher cooling rate within 2 seconds after the hot-rolling, followed by holding the temperatures between 750°C and 600°C for a specified period of time.
  • the inventors of the present invention applied the finding to the manufacture of dual phase hot-rolled high strength steel sheet, and have perfected the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a high strength steel sheet as defined in claim 1.
  • high strength steel sheet referred to herein signifies a steel sheet having more than 590 MPa of tensile strength (TS), which TS values are suitable for the machine structural parts.
  • TS tensile strength
  • the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a high strength steel sheet having excellent formability and surface property.
  • the steel sheet manufactured by the present invention has low YR (0.6 or less) with high strength, high ductility, excellent press-formability, excellent surface property, and excellent spot weldability, thus the steel sheet can readily be applied to the automobile parts and machine structural parts. Since the high strength steel sheet can be manufactured by the conventional process for manufacturing mild steel sheet, and since the attained performance thereof is favorable without adding special elements, the manufacturing cost can be decreased. Accordingly, the method for manufacturing the high strength steel sheet according to the present invention is highly expected in practical uses in the future, and is expected to contribute to the conservation of global environment by the weight reduction of automobile and to the social development through the improvement of safety of automobile.
  • Figure 1 is a graph showing the relation between the yield ratio (YR) and the primary cooling rate.
  • the high strength steel sheet obtained by the method of the present invention has the composition as specified below, wherein the volume percentage of polygonal ferrite is 60% or more, the volume percentage of martensite ranges from 5 to 30%, and the mean grain size of polygonal ferrite ranges from 5 to 10 ⁇ m. These specifications are the most important conditions of the present invention. With the composition and micro-structure specified above, the high strength steel sheet having excellent formability and surface property can be obtained.
  • the high strength steel sheet can be manufactured by the sequential steps of: hot-rolling the steel at Ar3 pint or higher temperature; beginning cooling of the steel sheet within 2 seconds after the completion of hot-rolling;cooling thesteelsheet to temperatures between 750°C and 600°C at cooling rates of 150°C/s or more; holding the temperature of steel sheet in a range from 750°C to 600°C for 2 to 15 seconds; cooling the steel sheet at cooling rates of 20°C/s or more; and coiling the steel sheet at 400°C or below.
  • the beginning of cooling within 2 seconds after completing the hot-rolling, the ultra-rapid cooling at 150°C/s or higher cooling rate, and the holding in a temperature range from 750°C to 600°C are also critical conditions of the present invention.
  • Carbon is an important element to strengthen the martensitic phase.
  • the C content needs to be 0.05% or more. If, however, the C content exceeds 0.15%, austenite stabilizes, and the dual phase formation becomes difficult, which degrades the ductility. Accordingly, the C content is specified to a range from 0.05% to 0.15%. Regarding the spot weldability, the C content below 0.07% may degrade the tensile shear strength. If the C content exceeds 0.10%, the cross tension strength may decrease. Therefore, the C content is preferably in a range from 0.07 to 0.10%.
  • Silicon degrades the surface property by red scale and also degrades the coatability and weldability. If the Si content exceeds 0.5%, the bad influence of Si becomes significant. Consequently, the Si content is specified to 0.5% or less. If the application of steel sheet emphasizes the surface property, the Si content is preferably 0.25% or less. Since Si has an effect to increase the strength, the Si content is preferably 0.01% or more.
  • the P content exceeds 0.09%, the elongation is significantly degraded. Accordingly, the P content is specified to 0.09% or less. If the P content exceeds 0.06%, the toughness at welded section degrades to decrease the joint strength in some cases. Therefore, the P content is preferably 0.06% or less. Furthermore, the P content of 0.020% ormore enhances the formation of polygonal ferrite to decrease YR. Thus the P content is preferably 0.020% or more.
  • Sulfur is an impurity in the crude steel and degrades the formability and weldability of steel sheet as the base material. Accordingly, it is preferred to remove or reduce S in the steel making process as far as possible. Since, however, excess reduction of S increases the refining cost, the S content is specified to 0.01% or less, which level brings the S substantially harmless.
  • Nitrogen is an impurity in the crude steel and degrades the formability of steel sheet as the base material. Accordingly, it is preferred to remove or reduce N in the steel making process as far as possible. Since, however, excess reduction of N increases the refining cost, the N content is specified to 0.005% or less, which level brings the N substantially harmless.
  • Aluminum is added for deoxidization and for precipitating N as AlN. If the Al content is less than 0.01%, the effect of deoxidization and denitrification becomes insufficient. If the A1 content exceeds 0.1%, the effect of Al addition saturates, which is uneconomical. Consequently, the Sol.Al content is specified to a range from 0.01 to 0.1%.
  • the steel according to the present invention attains the desired characteristics by the addition of above essential elements. Adding to the essential elements, however, the steel according to the present invention may further include one or more element of Mo, Nb, Ti, B, and Cr at need for further increasing the strength. In that case, the respective contents of below 0.01%, 0.001%, 0.001%, 0.0003%, and 0.05% cannot give the satisfactory effect of addition. If the content of Mo, Nb, Ti, and B exceeds 0.3%, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.002%, respectively, the formation of dual phase micro-structure is hindered and the precipitation hardening becomes excessive so that the mechanical characteristics degrade (YR increases or elongation decreases). If the Cr content exceeds 0.49%, the performance of chemical conversion treatment degrades.
  • the Mo content is specified to a range from 0.01 to 0.3%, Nb from 0.001 to 0.05%, Ti from 0.001 to 0.1%, B from 0.0003 to 0.002%, and Cr from 0.05 to 0.49%.
  • the balance of the above composition is Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • O is preferably specified to 0.003% or less because O forms a non-metallic inclusion to degrade the quality.
  • the steel may further include trace elements which do not harm the function and use of the present invention, namely Ni, V, Cu, Sb, Sn, Mg, and REM within a range of 0.1% or less.
  • the volume percentage of polygonal ferrite is specified to 60% or more.
  • the volume percentage of polygonal ferrite is a critical condition to achieve the low YR characteristic which is a feature of the present invention. To attain 0.6 or lower YR, the volume percentage of polygonal ferrite is required to become 60% or more.
  • the polygonal ferrite is found in the ferritic phase, and is distinguished from the acicular ferrite in the morphology, and is limited to the one having 5 or lower ratio of maximum diameter to minimum diameter of the ferritic crystal grain.
  • the volume percentage of martensite is specified to a range from 5 to 30%. Similar with the volume percentage of polygonal ferrite, the volume percentage of martensite is an important condition of the present invention because the volume percentage thereof influences the strength, the ductility, and the low YR characteristic. If the volume percentage of martensite is less than 5%, the strength becomes low, and no low YR characteristic is attained. If the volume percentage of martensite exceeds 30%, the ductility degrades. Therefore, the volume percentage of martensite is specified to a range from 5 to 30%. To attain better low YR characteristic, the volume percentage of martensite is preferably in a range from 10 to 20%.
  • the residual micro-structure contains acicular ferrite, bainite, pearlite, and the like. The volume percentage of residual micro-structure is, however, not specifically limited because the respective volume percentages of polygonal ferrite and martensite within the above-specified range assure the effect of the present invention.
  • the mean grain size of polygonal ferrite is preferably specified to a range from 5 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the elongation in tensile test is expressed by the sum of uniform elongation and local elongation. If the grain size of polygonal ferrite is less than 5 ⁇ m, the uniform elongation may decrease in some cases. If the grain size of polygonal ferrite exceeds 10 ⁇ m, the local elongation degrades, though the value of local elongation is within allowable range. Presumable reason of the phenomenon is the following. For a dual phase steel, if the grains become coarse, the deformation becomes nonuniform so that stress intensifies into a certain section, which enhances the generation of micro-cracks.
  • the high strength steel sheet according to the present invention is manufactured by the steps of: casting a slab prepared to have the chemical composition given above; applying hot-rolling to the slab, directly or heating thereof, at Ar3 point or higher temperature; beginning cooling the slab within 2 seconds after completing the hot-rolling to temperatures ranging from 750°C to 600°C at cooling rates of 150°C/s or more; holding the cooled slab at temperatures between 750°C and 600°C for 2 to 15 seconds; applying cooling to the temperature-held slab at cooling rates of 20°C/s or more; and coiling the cooled slab at temperatures of 400°C or below.
  • the method for casting the slab is not specifically limited.
  • hot-rolling may be done directly or may be done after reheating after cooling.
  • the hot-rolling is conducted at Ar3 point or higher temperature. If the hot-rolling is done below the Ar3 point, the hot-rolling proceeds in the dual phase region of ferrite and austenite, which hinders the formation of polygonal ferrite, increases YR, and decreases the ductility.
  • the cooling begins within 2 seconds to cool the steel to a temperature range from 750°C to 600°C, which is the holding temperature range, at cooling rates of 150°C/s or more.
  • the primary cooling which is given immediately after the hot-rolling is the most important condition to attain the effect of the present invention, (the effect of low YR attained by the enhancement of polygonal ferrite formation).
  • the holding step at temperatures of from 750°C to 600°C succeeding to the primary cooling allows the fine transformed polygonal ferrite to be drastically enhanced.
  • the primary cooling rate is preferably 200°C/s or more. If the primary cooling rate exceeds 1000°C/s, the metallic micro-structure becomes nonuniform within the sheet thickness range, and the mechanical characteristics may degrade. Accordingly, the primary cooling rate is preferably 1000°C/s or less, and more preferably 700°C/s or less.
  • the steel After completing the primary cooling, the steel is held to a temperature range from 750°C to 600°C for 2 to 15 seconds. If the temperature range for holding the steel is above 750°C, the driving force of ferrite transformation becomes small, and no transformation enhancement effect is attained. If the temperature range therefor is below 600°C, the ferrite transformation which is controlled by the diffusion of Fe atoms delays, and satisfactory polygonal ferrite formation cannot be attained. If the holding time is less than 2 seconds, the ferrite transformation time is not sufficient, which fails to attain the low YR characteristic. If the holding time exceeds 15 seconds, the pearlite formation begins to degrade the mechanical characteristics.
  • the secondary cooling is conducted at cooling rates of 20°C/s or more, and the coiling of the steel sheet is done at temperatures of 400°C or below.
  • the cooling rate in the secondary cooling is required to be 20°C/s or more to suppress the formation of pearlite and bainite during cooling. If the secondary cooling rate exceeds 1000°C/s, the metallic micro-structure becomes nonuniform within the sheet thickness range, and the mechanical characteristics may degrade. Therefore, the secondary cooling rate is preferably 1000°C/s or less.
  • the coiling temperature is required to be 400°C or below to prevent the formation of pearlite and bainite after coiling, to form martensite, and to attain the target of 0.6 or lower YR. Furthermore, to prevent the fluctuations of strength within the coil, the coiling temperature is preferably 300°C or below, and more preferably 200°C or below. If the coiling temperature becomes below 0°C, the cooling by water becomes difficult so that the coiling temperature is preferably 0°C or above.
  • a skin pass rolling may further be applied for shape-correction.
  • various surface treatments such as hot-dip galvanization and electro-galvanization may be applied to the high strength steel sheet according to the present invention as the base material.
  • Slabs having respective chemical compositions given in Table 1 were prepared by continuous casting. They were cooled, then heated to temperatures from 1100°C to 1300°C, and were treated by final rolling at temperatures in a range from Ar3 point to 850°C to obtain steel sheets having thicknesses of from 1.6 to 3.2 mm. Within 1 second after completing the final rolling, cooling began on the steel sheets to conduct the primary cooling to a temperature range from 680°C to 720°C at cooling rates from 300 to 500°C/s. After that, the steel sheets were held at the temperature range for 7 to 12 seconds. Then, the steel sheets were cooled at cooling rates from 25 to 30°C/s, and were coiled at 350°C or lower temperature to obtain the respective hot-rolled steel sheets. As for Steel No.
  • the mechanical characteristics were determined by the test per JIS Z2241 with a JIS No. 5 Tensile Test sample (prepared by cutting the steel sheet lateral to the rolling direction).
  • the surface property was determined by visual observation in terms of presence/absence of red scale.
  • spot weldability spot-welding was given under a condition to form a nugget having the size of (5 x sheet thickness (mm)), and then the peal test using a chisel was applied to break the sheet to observe the fracture mode.
  • Table 2 shows that all the steels according to the present invention, (Example steels), have excellent mechanical characteristics (YR ⁇ 0.6), and give favorable surface property and weldability.
  • Steel Nos. 12 and 17 gave somewhat degraded surface property owing to slightly high Si content. However, Steel Nos. 12 and 17 were judged to be at a level of raising no significant problem in practical use.
  • Steel No. 1 which is a comparative example had low C content, outside the range of the present invention, so that the hardness of martensite was unsatisfactory, which increased the YR value.
  • Steel Nos. 4 and 5 had the volume percentage of polygonal ferrite or the volume percentage of martensite outside the range of the present invention so that they failed to form favorable dual phase micro-structure and they gave high YR value.
  • Steel No. 9 had large C content outside the range of the present invention so that the ferrite formation delayed to fail in attaining favorable dualphase micro-structure, and resulted in high YR value, as well as degrading the spot weldability.
  • Steel No. 13 had large Si content outside the range of the present invention so that red scale was generated to give poor surface property.
  • Steel No. 14 had small Mn content outside the range of the present invention so that the austenite became instable andthe pearlite was generated, thus giving high YRvalue.
  • Steel No. 16 had large Mn content outside the range of the present invention so that the amount of formed polygonal ferrite became small, and the YR value became high.
  • Steel No. 18 had large P content outside the range of the present invention so that the spot weldability significantly degraded.
  • Example 1 For each of thus obtained hot-rolled steel sheets, the mechanical characteristics, the surface property, and the spot weldability were evaluated. The result is given in Table 4. The evaluation methods were the same with those in Example 1.
  • Table 4 Classfication Symbol Volume percentage of polygonal ferrite (%) Volume percentage of martensite (%) Grain size of polygonal ferrite ( ⁇ m) Mechanical characteristics YP (MPa) TS (MPa) EI (%) YR
  • Example A 75 10 8 341 620 30.6 0.55
  • Example B 75 10 9 342 610 31.1 0.56
  • Example C 80 10 10 354 610 31.1 0.58 Comparative example D 50 10 13 447 630 30.2 0.71 Comparative example E 40 5 15 488 650 29.2 0.75
  • Example F 80 10 9 365 640 29.7 0.57
  • Example G 75 10 7 330 600 31.7 0.55
  • Example steels have excellent mechanical characteristics (YR ⁇ 0.6). All the Example steels showed favorable surface property and spot weldability within the range of Example 2.
  • Symbol D which is a comparative example had a long period between the completion of rolling and the beginning of primary cooling, outside the range of the present invention, thus ferrite was formed irregularly before beginning the cooling, which resulted in unfavorable dual phase micro-structure and high YR value.
  • Symbol E had low primary cooling rate outside the range of the present invention so that ferrite was formed irregularly before beginning the cooling, which resulted in unfavorable dual phase micro-structure and high YR value.
  • Symbol I had high temperature of stopping the primary cooling outside the range of the present invention so that the formation of ferrite during the succeeding holding step became insufficient, which resulted in unfavorable dual phase micro-structure and high YR value.
  • Symbol M had low temperature of stopping the primary cooling outside the range of the present invention so that the formation of ferrite during the succeeding holding step became insufficient, which resulted in unfavorable dual phase micro-structure and high YRvalue.
  • Symbol N had insufficient holding time after the primary cooling outside the range of the present invention so that the formation of ferrite became insufficient, which resulted in unfavorable dual phase micro-structure and high YR value.
  • Symbol Q had long holding time after the primary cooling outside the range of the present invention so that pearlite was formed during holding step, which resulted in unfavorable dual phase micro-structure and high YR value.
  • Symbol R had low secondary cooling rate outside the range of the present invention so that bainite was formed during cooling step, which resulted in unfavorable dual phase micro-structure and high YR value.
  • Symbol W had high coiling temperature outside the range of the present invention so that bainite was formed after coiling, which resulted in unfavorable dual phase micro-structure and high YR value.
  • Figure 1 shows the relation between YR and the primary cooling rate for Steel No. 2.
  • the figure shows that favorable characteristics giving low YR value is attained at 150°C/s or higher primary cooling rate, which is the range of the present invention.
  • Symbol D failed to attain favorable result because the time before the primary cooling was 5 seconds, which is outside the range of the present invention.
  • the steel sheet manufactured by a method according to the present invention has excellent press-formability and excellent surface property, the steel is also applicable to formed parts which emphasize the appearance.

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Description

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a high strength steel sheet most suitable for automobile body, reinforcements, wheels, and chassis parts and further for all kinds of machine structural parts.
    • DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ARTS
  • For global environmental protection and further improvement of the safety of passengers, automobile steel sheets are studied to increase the strength and to decrease the thickness. Since, however, increase in the strength of a material generally decreases the press-formability, the widening of application fields of high strength steel sheets faces an important issue of increase in the formability.
  • A known response to the requirement is dual phase steel sheet structured by ferrite and martensite as the main phases, (the steel has several names of Dual Phase steel, DP steel, and composite structural steel). Owing to low yield ratio, (hereinafter referred to simply as YR), and high elongation, the dual phase steel sheet is superior in the press-formability such as draw-forming property and surface precision after press-forming (shape accuracy), thus the dual phase steel sheet drew attention as an automobile material, and the development thereof has been enhanced.
  • For example, the dual phase micro-structure in a hot-rolled steel sheet is achieved during the cooling step after hot-rolling by transformation to polygonal ferrite much enough to enrich a solute element in the residual austenite, thus increasing in the quench-hardenability due to the transformation to martensite. The technology emphasizes the control of precipitated amount of polygonal ferrite to form the micro-structure and to improve the mechanical characteristics. Accordingly, various development studies on the control of polygonal ferrite precipitation have been given.
  • Patent Documents 1 through 11 disclose methods combining with what is called the two-stage cooling process as a steel composition design. The methods include the steps of: adding large amount of ferrite-stabilizing elements represented by Si, (and including P, Al, and the like); stopping cooling, in the cooling step after hot-rolling, at near A1 temperature where the ferrite precipitation is accelerated; holding the temperature for about 10 seconds; and applying cooling again.
  • Patent Documents 12 through 15 disclose manufacturing methods to obtain desired steel sheet without adding the ferrite-stabilizing element. That is, the methods adopt a cooling-control pattern different from conventional method, for example, dividing the rapid cooling after finish-rolling into two stages.
  • Patent Documents 16 through 18 disclose methods to apply rapid cooling immediately after the hot-rolling. In particular, Patent Document 16 adopts the above-method for a low Si steel.
    • Patent Document 1: JP-A-60-121225 , (the term "JP-A" referred to herein signifies "Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication".)
    • Patent Document 2: JP-A-3-10049
    • Patent Document 3: JP-A-4-235219
    • Patent Document 4: JP-A-4-289126
    • Patent Document 5: JP-A-4-337026
    • Patent Document 6: JP-A-4-341523
    • Patent Document 7: JP-A-7-150294
    • Patent Document 8: JP-A-9-67641
    • Patent Document 9: JP-A-9-125194
    • Patent Document 10: JP-A-9-137249
    • Patent Document 11: JP-A-10-195588
    • Patent Document 12: JP-A-54-065118
    • Patent Document 13: JP-A-56-136928
    • Patent Document 14: JP-A-3-126813
    • Patent Document 15: JP-A-4-276024
    • Patent Document 16: JP-A-2002-69534
    • Patent Document 17: JP-A-2001-192736
    • Patent Document 18: JP-A-2001-355023
  • Patent Documents 1 through 11, however, need to add excess Si, P, and Al, though they show favorable mechanical characteristics, thus they have problems of degradation in surf ace property caused by red-scale formation, degradation in coatability, and degradation in weldability. Consequently, their applications are limited.
  • The steel sheets manufactured by the methods according to Patent Documents 12 through 15 contain small amount of Si, P, and Al so that the cooling method in related art cannot fully progress the transformation from austenite to ferrite on the runout table after hot-rolling. As a result, the volume percentage of polygonal ferrite becomes small, the volume percentage of martensite becomes large, and the polygonal ferrite grains become coarse by the same reason, which fails to attain adequate metallic micro-structure which is specified by the present invention. Thus, the manufactured steel sheet shows higher than 0.6 of YR in the mechanical characteristics, which is an inferior characteristic. To increase the strain dispersion and to improve the shape accuracy, YR is required to be 0.6 or less.
  • As described above, the method for manufacturing hot-rolled dual phase steel sheet according to the related art adopts either the addition of ferrite-stabilizing element (Si, P, Al, or the like) sacrificing the surface property and other features or the sacrification of mechanical characteristics.
  • Patent Documents 16 and 17, however, do not consider YR and the metallic micro-structure to attain the YR.
  • Since Patent Document 18 is a technology to manufacture a high Si steel, the surface property of the steel sheet becomes poor. To improve the surface property, Si may be decreased. If, however, the Si content is decreased, no adequate metallic micro-structure is obtained, and the YR characteristic becomes poor. Both the YR and the surface property cannot be satisfied at a time.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing a high strength steel sheet having excellent formability (YR ≤ 0.6) and excellent surface property through the development of a method for adequately controlling the metallic micro-structure and improving the mechanical characteristics of the steel sheet without adding excess ferrite-stabilizing elements (Si, P, and Al) which degrade the surface property, weldability, and the like.
  • The inventors of the present invention found a phenomenon which significantly enhances the fine ferrite formation compared with conventional two-stage cooling process, even without adding excess ferrite-stabilization elements, by beginning the ultra-rapid cooling at 150°C/s or higher cooling rate within 2 seconds after the hot-rolling, followed by holding the temperatures between 750°C and 600°C for a specified period of time. The inventors of the present invention applied the finding to the manufacture of dual phase hot-rolled high strength steel sheet, and have perfected the present invention.
  • The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a high strength steel sheet as defined in claim 1.
  • Preferred embodiments are defined in claims 2 to 5.
  • The term "high strength steel sheet" referred to herein signifies a steel sheet having more than 590 MPa of tensile strength (TS), which TS values are suitable for the machine structural parts.
  • The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a high strength steel sheet having excellent formability and surface property. The steel sheet manufactured by the present invention has low YR (0.6 or less) with high strength, high ductility, excellent press-formability, excellent surface property, and excellent spot weldability, thus the steel sheet can readily be applied to the automobile parts and machine structural parts. Since the high strength steel sheet can be manufactured by the conventional process for manufacturing mild steel sheet, and since the attained performance thereof is favorable without adding special elements, the manufacturing cost can be decreased. Accordingly, the method for manufacturing the high strength steel sheet according to the present invention is highly expected in practical uses in the future, and is expected to contribute to the conservation of global environment by the weight reduction of automobile and to the social development through the improvement of safety of automobile.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
  • Figure 1 is a graph showing the relation between the yield ratio (YR) and the primary cooling rate.
    • EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
  • The high strength steel sheet obtained by the method of the present invention has the composition as specified below, wherein the volume percentage of polygonal ferrite is 60% or more, the volume percentage of martensite ranges from 5 to 30%, and the mean grain size of polygonal ferrite ranges from 5 to 10 µm. These specifications are the most important conditions of the present invention. With the composition and micro-structure specified above, the high strength steel sheet having excellent formability and surface property can be obtained. The high strength steel sheet can be manufactured by the sequential steps of: hot-rolling the steel at Ar3 pint or higher temperature; beginning cooling of the steel sheet within 2 seconds after the completion of hot-rolling;cooling thesteelsheet to temperatures between 750°C and 600°C at cooling rates of 150°C/s or more; holding the temperature of steel sheet in a range from 750°C to 600°C for 2 to 15 seconds; cooling the steel sheet at cooling rates of 20°C/s or more; and coiling the steel sheet at 400°C or below. In the manufacturing method, the beginning of cooling within 2 seconds after completing the hot-rolling, the ultra-rapid cooling at 150°C/s or higher cooling rate, and the holding in a temperature range from 750°C to 600°C are also critical conditions of the present invention.
  • The present invention is described in more detail in the following.
  • First, the reason of specifying the chemical composition of the steel sheet according to the present invention is described.
    • C: 0.05 to 0.15%
  • Carbon is an important element to strengthen the martensitic phase. To attain satisfactory strength, the C content needs to be 0.05% or more. If, however, the C content exceeds 0.15%, austenite stabilizes, and the dual phase formation becomes difficult, which degrades the ductility. Accordingly, the C content is specified to a range from 0.05% to 0.15%. Regarding the spot weldability, the C content below 0.07% may degrade the tensile shear strength. If the C content exceeds 0.10%, the cross tension strength may decrease. Therefore, the C content is preferably in a range from 0.07 to 0.10%.
    • Si: 0.5% or less
  • Silicon degrades the surface property by red scale and also degrades the coatability and weldability. If the Si content exceeds 0.5%, the bad influence of Si becomes significant. Consequently, the Si content is specified to 0.5% or less. If the application of steel sheet emphasizes the surface property, the Si content is preferably 0.25% or less. Since Si has an effect to increase the strength, the Si content is preferably 0.01% or more.
    • Mn: 1.00 to 2.00%
  • Manganese plays an important role for forming dual phase micro-structure by suppressing the pearlite formation during cooling after hot-rolling. If the Mn content is less than 1.00%, however, the effect is not sufficient, and pearlite is formed to increase YR, thus degrading the press-formability. If the Mn content exceeds 2.00%, austenite excessively stabilizes to prevent the formation of polygonal ferrite. Therefore, the Mn content is specified to a range from 1.00 to 2.00%. Furthermore, the Mn content below 1.30% may decrease the strength so that the Mn content is preferably 1.30% or more. When the Mn content exceeds 1.80%, the elongation may degrade so that the Mn content is preferably 1.80% or less.
    • P: 0.09% or less
  • When the P content exceeds 0.09%, the elongation is significantly degraded. Accordingly, the P content is specified to 0.09% or less. If the P content exceeds 0.06%, the toughness at welded section degrades to decrease the joint strength in some cases. Therefore, the P content is preferably 0.06% or less. Furthermore, the P content of 0.020% ormore enhances the formation of polygonal ferrite to decrease YR. Thus the P content is preferably 0.020% or more.
    • S: 0.01% or less
  • Sulfur is an impurity in the crude steel and degrades the formability and weldability of steel sheet as the base material. Accordingly, it is preferred to remove or reduce S in the steel making process as far as possible. Since, however, excess reduction of S increases the refining cost, the S content is specified to 0.01% or less, which level brings the S substantially harmless.
    • N: 0.005% or less
  • Nitrogen is an impurity in the crude steel and degrades the formability of steel sheet as the base material. Accordingly, it is preferred to remove or reduce N in the steel making process as far as possible. Since, however, excess reduction of N increases the refining cost, the N content is specified to 0.005% or less, which level brings the N substantially harmless.
    • Sol.Al: 0.01 to 0.1%
  • Aluminum is added for deoxidization and for precipitating N as AlN. If the Al content is less than 0.01%, the effect of deoxidization and denitrification becomes insufficient. If the A1 content exceeds 0.1%, the effect of Al addition saturates, which is uneconomical. Consequently, the Sol.Al content is specified to a range from 0.01 to 0.1%.
  • The steel according to the present invention attains the desired characteristics by the addition of above essential elements. Adding to the essential elements, however, the steel according to the present invention may further include one or more element of Mo, Nb, Ti, B, and Cr at need for further increasing the strength. In that case, the respective contents of below 0.01%, 0.001%, 0.001%, 0.0003%, and 0.05% cannot give the satisfactory effect of addition. If the content of Mo, Nb, Ti, and B exceeds 0.3%, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.002%, respectively, the formation of dual phase micro-structure is hindered and the precipitation hardening becomes excessive so that the mechanical characteristics degrade (YR increases or elongation decreases). If the Cr content exceeds 0.49%, the performance of chemical conversion treatment degrades. When these element are added, therefore, the Mo content is specified to a range from 0.01 to 0.3%, Nb from 0.001 to 0.05%, Ti from 0.001 to 0.1%, B from 0.0003 to 0.002%, and Cr from 0.05 to 0.49%.
  • The balance of the above composition is Fe and inevitable impurities. Regarding the inevitable impurities, for example, O is preferably specified to 0.003% or less because O forms a non-metallic inclusion to degrade the quality. According to the present invention, the steel may further include trace elements which do not harm the function and use of the present invention, namely Ni, V, Cu, Sb, Sn, Mg, and REM within a range of 0.1% or less.
  • Secondly, the reason to specify the metallic micro-structure according to the present invention is described below.
  • The volume percentage of polygonal ferrite is specified to 60% or more. The volume percentage of polygonal ferrite is a critical condition to achieve the low YR characteristic which is a feature of the present invention. To attain 0.6 or lower YR, the volume percentage of polygonal ferrite is required to become 60% or more. The polygonal ferrite is found in the ferritic phase, and is distinguished from the acicular ferrite in the morphology, and is limited to the one having 5 or lower ratio of maximum diameter to minimum diameter of the ferritic crystal grain.
  • The volume percentage of martensite is specified to a range from 5 to 30%. Similar with the volume percentage of polygonal ferrite, the volume percentage of martensite is an important condition of the present invention because the volume percentage thereof influences the strength, the ductility, and the low YR characteristic. If the volume percentage of martensite is less than 5%, the strength becomes low, and no low YR characteristic is attained. If the volume percentage of martensite exceeds 30%, the ductility degrades. Therefore, the volume percentage of martensite is specified to a range from 5 to 30%. To attain better low YR characteristic, the volume percentage of martensite is preferably in a range from 10 to 20%. The residual micro-structure contains acicular ferrite, bainite, pearlite, and the like. The volume percentage of residual micro-structure is, however, not specifically limited because the respective volume percentages of polygonal ferrite and martensite within the above-specified range assure the effect of the present invention.
  • For further improving the balance between the strength and the ductility, or the product of strength and elongation, the mean grain size of polygonal ferrite is preferably specified to a range from 5 to 10 µm. Generally, the elongation in tensile test is expressed by the sum of uniform elongation and local elongation. If the grain size of polygonal ferrite is less than 5 µm, the uniform elongation may decrease in some cases. If the grain size of polygonal ferrite exceeds 10 µm, the local elongation degrades, though the value of local elongation is within allowable range. Presumable reason of the phenomenon is the following. For a dual phase steel, if the grains become coarse, the deformation becomes nonuniform so that stress intensifies into a certain section, which enhances the generation of micro-cracks.
  • The method steps for manufacturing high strength steel sheet having excellent formability and surface property according to the present invention are described in the following.
  • The high strength steel sheet according to the present invention is manufactured by the steps of: casting a slab prepared to have the chemical composition given above; applying hot-rolling to the slab, directly or heating thereof, at Ar3 point or higher temperature; beginning cooling the slab within 2 seconds after completing the hot-rolling to temperatures ranging from 750°C to 600°C at cooling rates of 150°C/s or more; holding the cooled slab at temperatures between 750°C and 600°C for 2 to 15 seconds; applying cooling to the temperature-held slab at cooling rates of 20°C/s or more; and coiling the cooled slab at temperatures of 400°C or below.
  • The method for casting the slab is not specifically limited. For the case of continuous casting, hot-rolling may be done directly or may be done after reheating after cooling.
  • The hot-rolling is conducted at Ar3 point or higher temperature. If the hot-rolling is done below the Ar3 point, the hot-rolling proceeds in the dual phase region of ferrite and austenite, which hinders the formation of polygonal ferrite, increases YR, and decreases the ductility.
  • After completing the hot-rolling, the cooling begins within 2 seconds to cool the steel to a temperature range from 750°C to 600°C, which is the holding temperature range, at cooling rates of 150°C/s or more. The primary cooling which is given immediately after the hot-rolling is the most important condition to attain the effect of the present invention, (the effect of low YR attained by the enhancement of polygonal ferrite formation). With thus specified primary cooling and conduction of immediate rapid cooling, the holding step at temperatures of from 750°C to 600°C succeeding to the primary cooling allows the fine transformed polygonal ferrite to be drastically enhanced. If the period between the completion of hot-rolling and the beginning of cooling exceeds 2 seconds, ferrite is irregularly formed in the austenite grain boundaries to hinder the transformation to polygonal ferrite during the holding step after the cooling. If the cooling rate is less than 150°C/s, the irregular precipitation of ferrite in the austenite grain boundaries during the cooling step cannot be prevented, which hinders the transformation to polygonal ferrite during the holding step after cooling. For further increasing the effect, the primary cooling rate is preferably 200°C/s or more. If the primary cooling rate exceeds 1000°C/s, the metallic micro-structure becomes nonuniform within the sheet thickness range, and the mechanical characteristics may degrade. Accordingly, the primary cooling rate is preferably 1000°C/s or less, and more preferably 700°C/s or less.
  • After completing the primary cooling, the steel is held to a temperature range from 750°C to 600°C for 2 to 15 seconds. If the temperature range for holding the steel is above 750°C, the driving force of ferrite transformation becomes small, and no transformation enhancement effect is attained. If the temperature range therefor is below 600°C, the ferrite transformation which is controlled by the diffusion of Fe atoms delays, and satisfactory polygonal ferrite formation cannot be attained. If the holding time is less than 2 seconds, the ferrite transformation time is not sufficient, which fails to attain the low YR characteristic. If the holding time exceeds 15 seconds, the pearlite formation begins to degrade the mechanical characteristics.
  • After holding the steel sheet, the secondary cooling is conducted at cooling rates of 20°C/s or more, and the coiling of the steel sheet is done at temperatures of 400°C or below. The cooling rate in the secondary cooling is required to be 20°C/s or more to suppress the formation of pearlite and bainite during cooling. If the secondary cooling rate exceeds 1000°C/s, the metallic micro-structure becomes nonuniform within the sheet thickness range, and the mechanical characteristics may degrade. Therefore, the secondary cooling rate is preferably 1000°C/s or less.
  • The coiling temperature is required to be 400°C or below to prevent the formation of pearlite and bainite after coiling, to form martensite, and to attain the target of 0.6 or lower YR. Furthermore, to prevent the fluctuations of strength within the coil, the coiling temperature is preferably 300°C or below, and more preferably 200°C or below. If the coiling temperature becomes below 0°C, the cooling by water becomes difficult so that the coiling temperature is preferably 0°C or above.
  • To thus obtained high strength steel sheet according to the present invention, a skin pass rolling may further be applied for shape-correction. In addition, various surface treatments such as hot-dip galvanization and electro-galvanization may be applied to the high strength steel sheet according to the present invention as the base material.
    • Example 1
  • Slabs having respective chemical compositions given in Table 1 were prepared by continuous casting. They were cooled, then heated to temperatures from 1100°C to 1300°C, and were treated by final rolling at temperatures in a range from Ar3 point to 850°C to obtain steel sheets having thicknesses of from 1.6 to 3.2 mm. Within 1 second after completing the final rolling, cooling began on the steel sheets to conduct the primary cooling to a temperature range from 680°C to 720°C at cooling rates from 300 to 500°C/s. After that, the steel sheets were held at the temperature range for 7 to 12 seconds. Then, the steel sheets were cooled at cooling rates from 25 to 30°C/s, and were coiled at 350°C or lower temperature to obtain the respective hot-rolled steel sheets. As for Steel No. 4, however, the temperature to stop the primary cooling was 550°C, and Steel No. 5 was coiled at 450°C, thus adjusting the micro-structure thereof given in Table 1. The percentage of polygonal ferrite and the percentage of martensite were determined by observing the cross section vertical to the sheet width direction and by measuring the area percentage of each phase. Regarding the grain size of polygonal ferrite, the segmental method was applied to measure the above-described cross sectional micro-structure to derive an average value of the value in the rolling direction and the value in the sheet thickness direction. Table 1
    Classification Steel No. Chemical composition (mass%) Volume percentage of polygonal ferrite (%) Volume percentage of martensite (%) Main micro-structure of residual portion Grain size of polygonal ferrite (µm)
    C Si Mn P S Sol.Al N Other
    Comparative Example 1 0.03 0.30 1.60 0.015 0.003 0.04 0.003 - 70 5 Bainite 10% 12
    Example 2 0.06 0.01 1.50 0.010 0.002 0.05 0.004 - 80 10 Acicular ferrite 10% 10
    Example 3 0.06 0.01 1.50 0.010 0.002 0.05 0.004 0.0008B 70 15 Acicular ferrite 10% 5
    Comparative Example 4 0.06 0.01 1.50 0.010 0.002 0.05 0.004 - 40 10 Acicular ferrite 50% 11
    Comparative Example 5 0.06 0.01 1.50 0.010 0.002 0.05 0.004 - 70 0 Bainite 15% 8
    Example 6 0.08 0.20 1.50 0.010 0.005 0.05 0.004 - 90 10 - 6
    Example 7 0.11 0.01 1.40 0.015 0.001 0.04 0.003 0.1Mo 85 15 - 8
    Example 8 0.14 0.05 1.44 0.020 0.007 0.07 0.002 - 70 15 Pearlite 10% 6
    Comparative Example 9 0.17 0.15 1.60 0.012 0.004 0.06 0.004 - 50 35 Pearlite 10% 4
    Example 10 0.07 0.01 1.70 0.013 0.003 0.03 0.004 - 80 15 Bainite 5% 9
    Example 11 0.06 0.24 1.65 0.008 0.001 0.01 0.003 - 70 10 Bainite 5% 8
    Example 12 0.08 0.45 1.45 0.018 0.005 0.05 0.002 0.02Nb 85 15 - 7
    Comparative Example 13 0.09 0.70 1.55 0.011 0.002 0.06 0.004 - 85 15 - 5
    Comparative Example 14 0.07 0.30 0.80 0.009 0.003 0.04 0.004 - 80 0 Pearlite 10% 12
    Example 15 0.11 0.05 1.75 0.012 0.002 0.07 0.003 - 80 20 - 9
    Comparative Example 16 0.08 0.22 2.20 0.014 0.001 0.06 0.002 - 50 50 - 7
    Example 17 0.10 0.31 1.65 0.040 0.004 0.03 0.004 - 85 15 - 6
    Comparative Example 18 0.12 0.10 1.54 0.100 0.005 0.05 0.004 - 90 10 - 10
    Example 19 0.07 0.13 1.35 0.025 0.004 0.04 0.003 0.04Ti 79 21 - 5
    Example 20 0.06 0.08 1.10 0.045 0.004 0.04 0.004 0.40Cr 84 16 - 9
  • For each of thus obtained hot-rolled steel sheets, the mechanical characteristics, the surface property, and the spot weldability were evaluated. The result is given in Table 2. The evaluation methods are the following. The mechanical characteristics were determined by the test per JIS Z2241 with a JIS No. 5 Tensile Test sample (prepared by cutting the steel sheet lateral to the rolling direction). The surface property was determined by visual observation in terms of presence/absence of red scale. Regarding the spot weldability, spot-welding was given under a condition to form a nugget having the size of (5 x sheet thickness (mm)), and then the peal test using a chisel was applied to break the sheet to observe the fracture mode. Fracture on main portion of the sheet was evaluated to O, and fracture on welded section was evaluated to X. Table 2
    Classification Steel No. Mechanical characteristics Surface property Spot weldability
    YP(MPa) TS(MPa) EI(%) YR
    Comparative Example 1 390 520 36.5 0.75 Δ ○
    Example 2 354 610 31.1 0.58 ○ ○
    Example 3 352 640 29.7 0.55 ○ ○
    Comparative Example 4 390 600 31.7 0.65 ○ ○
    Comparative Example 5 428 570 33.3 0.75 ○ ○
    Example 6 345 650 29.2 0.53 ○ ○
    Example 7 373 690 27.5 0.54 ○ ○
    Example 8 462 810 23.5 0.57 ○ ○
    Comparative Example 9 683 1050 18.1 0.65 ○ ×
    Example 10 369 670 28.4 0.55 ○ ○
    Example 11 336 590 32.2 0.57 ○ ○
    Example 12 352 640 29.7 0.55 Δ ○
    Comparative Example 13 369 670 28.4 0.55 × ○
    Comparative Example 14 451 530 35.8 0.85 Δ ○
    Example 15 383 710 26.8 0.54 ○ ○
    Comparative Example 16 723 850 22.4 0.85 ○ ○
    Example 17 385 700 27.1 0.55 Δ ○
    Comparative Example 18 468 780 24.4 0.60 ○ ×
    Example 19 398 675 28.1 0.59 ○ ○
    Example 20 389 695 27.3 0.56 ○ ○
  • Table 2 shows that all the steels according to the present invention, (Example steels), have excellent mechanical characteristics (YR ≤ 0.6), and give favorable surface property and weldability. Steel Nos. 12 and 17 gave somewhat degraded surface property owing to slightly high Si content. However, Steel Nos. 12 and 17 were judged to be at a level of raising no significant problem in practical use.
  • In contrast, Steel No. 1 which is a comparative example had low C content, outside the range of the present invention, so that the hardness of martensite was unsatisfactory, which increased the YR value. Steel Nos. 4 and 5 had the volume percentage of polygonal ferrite or the volume percentage of martensite outside the range of the present invention so that they failed to form favorable dual phase micro-structure and they gave high YR value. Steel No. 9 had large C content outside the range of the present invention so that the ferrite formation delayed to fail in attaining favorable dualphase micro-structure, and resulted in high YR value, as well as degrading the spot weldability. Steel No. 13 had large Si content outside the range of the present invention so that red scale was generated to give poor surface property. Steel No. 14 had small Mn content outside the range of the present invention so that the austenite became instable andthe pearlite was generated, thus giving high YRvalue. Steel No. 16 had large Mn content outside the range of the present invention so that the amount of formed polygonal ferrite became small, and the YR value became high. Steel No. 18 had large P content outside the range of the present invention so that the spot weldability significantly degraded.
    • Example 2
  • Some of the slabs having the respective chemical compositions given in Table 1 were treated by hot-rolling, cooling, and coiling under the respective manufacturing conditions given in Table 3, thus obtained the respective hot-rolled steel sheets. Table 3
    Classification Symbol Steel No. Heating temperature (°C) Finish temperature (°C) Cooling beginning time (s) Primary cooling speed (°C/s) Stop temperature (°C) Holding time (s) Secondary cooling rate (°C/s) Coiling temperature (°C)
    Example A 2 1200 850 0.5 460 738 4 45 382
    Example B 2 1250 830 1 290 738 4 21 373
    Example C 2 1230 840 2 530 644 11 38 324
    Comparative example D 2 1050 820 5 230 701 12 42 144
    Comparative example E 2 1150 830 1 50 707 12 45 136
    Example F 2 1250 850 1 180 717 6 40 317
    Example G 2 1200 840 1 220 686 7 24 259
    Example H 2 1100 830 1 450 698 6 20 116
    Comparative example I 6 1120 820 1 340 800 8 50 217
    Example J 6 1150 810 1 280 730 10 22 184
    Example K 6 1280 830 1 530 680 10 22 181
    Example L 6 1200 830 1 270 850 13 30 347
    Comparative example M 6 1130 820 1 390 350 11 41 285
    Comparative example N 6 1180 840 1 240 634 - 46 158
    Example O 6 Hot direct rolling 820 1 560 682 8 33 350
    Example P 6 1230 830 1 590 725 10 30 342
    Comparative example Q 6 1210 840 1 580 646 25 21 219
    Comparative example R 17 1200 850 1 500 719 12 10 293
    Example S 17 1180 830 1 330 656 6 25 272
    Example T 17 1240 820 1 470 632 12 35 382
    Example u 17 1200 830 1 500 634 10 33 <100
    Example V 17 1150 830 1 460 663 3 39 353
    Comparative example W 17 1220 830 1 480 712 7 20 450
  • For each of thus obtained hot-rolled steel sheets, the mechanical characteristics, the surface property, and the spot weldability were evaluated. The result is given in Table 4. The evaluation methods were the same with those in Example 1. Table 4
    Classfication Symbol Volume percentage of polygonal ferrite (%) Volume percentage of martensite (%) Grain size of polygonal ferrite (µm) Mechanical characteristics
    YP (MPa) TS (MPa) EI (%) YR
    Example A 75 10 8 341 620 30.6 0.55
    Example B 75 10 9 342 610 31.1 0.56
    Example C 80 10 10 354 610 31.1 0.58
    Comparative example D 50 10 13 447 630 30.2 0.71
    Comparative example E 40 5 15 488 650 29.2 0.75
    Example F 80 10 9 365 640 29.7 0.57
    Example G 75 10 7 330 600 31.7 0.55
    Example H 80 10 6 369 670 28.4 0.55
    Comparative example I 30 15 10 490 680 27.9 0.72
    Example J 85 12 8 381 680 27.9 0.56
    Example K 90 10 7 336 590 32.2 0.57
    Example L 80 10 5 364 650 29.2 0. 56
    Comparative example M 35 5 4 446 550 34.5 0.81
    Comparative example N 45 10 4 441 630 30.2 0.70
    Example O 85 13 9 389 670 28.4 0.58
    Example P 80 10 8 358 640 29.7 0.56
    Comparative example Q 80 0 12 451 530 35.8 0.85
    Comparative example R 80 3 11 498 560 33.9 0.89
    Example S 85 8 9 369 670 28.4 0.55
    Example T 75 18 8 412 710 26.8 0.58
    Example U 85 15 5 366 690 27.5 0.53
    Example V 85 15 8 385 700 27.1 0.55
    Comparative example W 75 0 9 475 650 29.2 0.73
  • Table 4 shows that all the steels according to the present invention, (Example steels), have excellent mechanical characteristics (YR ≤ 0.6). All the Example steels showed favorable surface property and spot weldability within the range of Example 2.
  • In contrast, Symbol D which is a comparative example had a long period between the completion of rolling and the beginning of primary cooling, outside the range of the present invention, thus ferrite was formed irregularly before beginning the cooling, which resulted in unfavorable dual phase micro-structure and high YR value. Symbol E had low primary cooling rate outside the range of the present invention so that ferrite was formed irregularly before beginning the cooling, which resulted in unfavorable dual phase micro-structure and high YR value. Symbol I had high temperature of stopping the primary cooling outside the range of the present invention so that the formation of ferrite during the succeeding holding step became insufficient, which resulted in unfavorable dual phase micro-structure and high YR value. Symbol M had low temperature of stopping the primary cooling outside the range of the present invention so that the formation of ferrite during the succeeding holding step became insufficient, which resulted in unfavorable dual phase micro-structure and high YRvalue. Symbol N had insufficient holding time after the primary cooling outside the range of the present invention so that the formation of ferrite became insufficient, which resulted in unfavorable dual phase micro-structure and high YR value. Symbol Q had long holding time after the primary cooling outside the range of the present invention so that pearlite was formed during holding step, which resulted in unfavorable dual phase micro-structure and high YR value. Symbol R had low secondary cooling rate outside the range of the present invention so that bainite was formed during cooling step, which resulted in unfavorable dual phase micro-structure and high YR value. Symbol W had high coiling temperature outside the range of the present invention so that bainite was formed after coiling, which resulted in unfavorable dual phase micro-structure and high YR value.
  • Figure 1 shows the relation between YR and the primary cooling rate for Steel No. 2. The figure shows that favorable characteristics giving low YR value is attained at 150°C/s or higher primary cooling rate, which is the range of the present invention. Symbol D failed to attain favorable result because the time before the primary cooling was 5 seconds, which is outside the range of the present invention.
  • Since the steel sheet manufactured by a method according to the present invention has excellent press-formability and excellent surface property, the steel is also applicable to formed parts which emphasize the appearance.

Claims (5)

  1. A method for manufacturing high strength steel sheet comprising the steps of:
    casting a slab consisting essentially, by mass, of 0.05 to 0.15% C, 0.5% or less Si, 1. 00 to 2.00% Mn, 0.09% or less P, 0.01% or less S, 0. 005% or less N, 0.01 to 0.1% Sol.Al, and further optionally containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.01 to 0.3% Mo, 0.001 to 0.05% Nb, 0.001 to 0.1 % Ti, 0.0003 to 0.002% B, and 0.05 to 0.49% Cr, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities;
    hot-rolling the cast slab, directly or heating thereof, at a temperature of Ar3 point or more to form a hot-rolled steel sheet;
    a primary cooling step of cooling the hot-rolled steel sheet at a cooling rate of 150°C/s or more to a temperature of from 750°C to 600°C, beginning cooling thereof within 2 seconds after completing the hot-rolling;
    holding the cooled steel sheet at a temperature between 750°C and 600°C for 2 to 15 seconds;
    a secondary cooling step of cooling the temperature-held steel sheet at a cooling rate of 20°C/s or more; and
    coiling the cooled steel sheet at a coiling temperature of 400° C or less, in which the steel sheet has a dual phase microstructure, wherein the volume percentage of polygonal ferrite is 60 % or more, the volume percentage of martensite ranges from 5 to 30 %, and the mean grain size of polygonal ferrite ranges from 5 to 10 µm.
  2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cooling rate in the primary cooling step is from 150 to 1000°C/s.
  3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the cooling rate in the primary cooling step is from 200 to 700°C/s.
  4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cooling rate in the secondary cooling step is from 20 to 1000°C/s.
  5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the coiling temperature is from 0° C to 400° C.
EP05001139.4A 2004-01-29 2005-01-20 Method for manufacturing a high strength steel sheet Ceased EP1559797B1 (en)

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JP2004020843 2004-01-29
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JP2004326545A JP4470701B2 (en) 2004-01-29 2004-11-10 High-strength thin steel sheet with excellent workability and surface properties and method for producing the same

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US20050173031A1 (en) 2005-08-11
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KR100673424B1 (en) 2007-01-24
CA2493523C (en) 2009-01-27
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AU2005200300C1 (en) 2008-03-06
KR20050077757A (en) 2005-08-03
TWI277658B (en) 2007-04-01
CN100439542C (en) 2008-12-03
AU2005200300A1 (en) 2005-08-18
CN1648277A (en) 2005-08-03
TW200530409A (en) 2005-09-16
US20090223607A1 (en) 2009-09-10
JP4470701B2 (en) 2010-06-02

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