EP1559522B1 - Chipper with a ring of knives - Google Patents

Abstract

The chopping-up device has a chopping cutter (22) with at least one recess in its rear longitudinal edge (24). The reference surface is within the recess in the projection perpendicular to the resting surface (35). There are fixing devices (39) to tilt the cutter at a preset angle on the cutter carrier (19) and to act with the cutter pack (20).

Description

The invention relates to a knife ring according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and to an apparatus for comminuting feed material with a knife ring enclosing a comminuting space with the features of patent claim 14.

Known crushing devices are known, for example, as Messerringzerspaner with an internal Schlagradsystem in which wood chips are crushed into fine chips and serve as a raw material for chipboard production. In addition, there are Langholzzerspaner in which the fixed feed material is converted by a rotating and transverse knife ring into large-scale chips, which are used in the further for the production of OSB products.

The actual crushing work of such devices is done by the Zerspanmessern, which are assembled together with a knife-holding plate outside the crushing device within a gauge to a knife package. The knife assemblies are held by knife carriers, which are arranged in a circle between two carrier rings about an axis of rotation and thus form the knife ring. To facilitate the production of the required cutting projection, the knife carrier has an over the entire length of the knife carrier extending stop surface as a reference surface, which cooperates with the opposite side of the cutting blade of the preset blade package. This serving as a reference surface stop surface is also referred to as a zero position for the knife packages, since it is taken from the nominal dimension for the position of the cutting edge of the Zerspanmessers. The top priority when assembling the knife packages is that all cutting edges of the cutting blades lie on a cutting circle.

Production-related tolerances, however, mean that the stop surfaces of the knife carrier and thus the reference surfaces for the cutting circle of Zerspanmesser not all lie on one and the same circumferential line with respect to the knife ring axis. This leads to an inconsistent cutting projection of the Zerspanmesser and a resulting lower quality of the chips.

That is why it is out of the DE 26 28 764 also already known to be able to adjust the reference surface to compensate for production-related tolerances by means of an adjusting device. In the DE 26 28 764 the reference surface is formed by an adjusting and fixing screw, which can be screwed in or out of plane parallel to the knife package in the knife carrier. The adjusting and fixing screw serves as a stop for a continuous counter-pressure bar, which is firmly bolted to the knife package.

As disadvantageous proves in the known from the prior art designs that the maximum useful width of the Zerspanmessers by the distance between the cutting edge of a Zerspanmessers and the reference surface to which the Zerspanmesser abuts with its rear longitudinal edge is fixed. In view of longer operating times of the wear-resistant Zerspanmesser but the use of the widest possible Zerspanmesser would be desirable.

As a further prior art discloses the EP 0 807 500 A2 a chipper for wood chips with a knife ring, which is essentially formed by a plurality of knife carriers with units of knives and clamping plates arranged thereon. These units are clamped by means of screws on the knife carrier, wherein in the region of the outer circumference of the knife ring between the knife carrier and the clamping plate a form-fitting generating molded body is arranged. The molded body can be inserted from the side into the gap between the knife carrier and clamping plate and has different cross sections.

Against this background, the invention has the object of further developing generic knife rings to the effect that Zerspanmesser can be used with a larger than previously possible useful width.

This object is achieved by a knife ring with the features of claim 1.

Advantageous embodiments will be apparent from the dependent claims.

The basic idea of the invention is to make the reference surface on the knife carrier, which cooperates with the knife package, substantially punctiform. Together with Zerspanmessern, which in the area of the reference surfaces each one of Having rear edge emanating recess, therefore, results in a constructive design of a knife carrier, wherein the reference surfaces come to rest within the recesses and thereby the rear edge of the Zerspanmesser can extend beyond the reference surface addition. In this case, the reference surface can be formed by a fixed stop or even by a plane parallel to the knife package adjustable adjustment.

Thanks to the invention, the operator of knife rings and comminution devices according to the invention has the advantage of using wider cutting blades than this was previously possible. These Zerspanmesser have a longer life due to their greater useful width, so that the economy of total crushing devices increases overall.

In addition, the inventive design of a knife carrier allows the displacement of the reference surface towards the center of the knife carrier. This results in a squat design of the individual knife carrier, which opens the possibility to accommodate more knife carrier on a perimeter line than before. Such a modified blade ring is able to perform a higher crushing performance.

In a simple embodiment of the invention, the reference surface consists of a stop on the knife carrier for the knife package. Such an embodiment is characterized by the simplicity of construction, but acts only in the direction of the stop, i. H. A knife package must be held against the stop until it is screwed tight to the knife carrier.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a positive connection between the blade carrier and the blade package is generated with the reference surface, for example by forming a connector. This has the advantage that the knife package is already fixed when placing the knife package on the support surface of the knife carrier in its desired position and only needs to be screwed. Although the production of such an embodiment is more complex, it contributes to greater safety in the maintenance of the required cutting projection.

A preferred connector according to the invention has the tongue and groove principle. Advantageously, the groove is arranged in the knife holder plate and the spring in the knife carrier. This allows a compact design of the knife carrier with a simple design. A longer relative to the spring groove facilitates threading the spring into the groove and allows minor position corrections in the groove direction in retrospect.

The invention allows adjustment of the reference surface and thus an adjustment of the zero position for the knife packages.

The reference surface cooperates with the adjusting device, which is arranged on the knife ring. As a result, the knife package, which must be removed at each blade change, be limited to the only essential parts. The parts required for the adjustment are protected in the knife carrier and are not moved unintentionally.

A simple, but very effective and reliable type of adjusting device consists of an adjusting screw, which can be screwed to the knife carrier with the interposition of spacer plates. It is possible that the head of the adjusting screw itself represents the reference surface for the knife package. Alternatively, it is possible with the adjusting screw, again with the interposition of shims, to secure a centering on the knife carrier, which cooperates with the knife-holding plate.

Especially when using knife carriers with an adjusting device, the arrangement of niches on the knife carrier is advantageous. By an arrangement of the adjusting device in the niche, the adjusting device disappears in the cross section of the knife carrier. Thereby, the chip removal channel can be kept free of disturbing cross-sectional constrictions, which always represent a source of danger with regard to blockages. Thus, inventive crushing devices are characterized by a higher reliability and reliability.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the support surface of the knife carrier on a pedestal on which rests the knife plate in the operating state. The arrangement of the reference surface or the adjusting device in the region of the base has the advantage that, in static terms, the base itself acts as a stabilizing element for the reference surface.

The knife ring is also marketed on the market as an independent part of a shredding device.

Fig. 1

einen vertikalen Längsschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Langholzzerspaner mit rotierendem Messerring,

Fig. 2

einen Teilquerschnitt durch den in Fig. 1 dargestellten Messerring entlang der Linie II-II,

Fig. 3

eine Draufsicht auf ein erfindungsgemäßes Zerspanmesser,

Fig. 4

eine Draufsicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Messerhalteplatte,

Fig. 5

einen Vorderansicht auf einen erfindungsgemäßen Messerträger,

Fig. 6

Querschnitte durch den in Fig. 2 dargestellten Messerträger entlang der Linien VIa-VIa und VIb-VIb,

Fig. 7

eine Teilansicht des in Fig. 6 dargestellten Messerträgers entlang der Linie VII-VII,

Fig. 8

einen Teilschnitt durch den in Fig. 6 dargestellten Messerträger entlang der Linie VIII-VIII und

Fig. 9

eine alternative Querschnittsausbildung eines erfindungsgemäßen Messerträgers.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it

Fig. 1

a vertical longitudinal section through a Langholzzerspaner invention with rotating blade ring,

Fig. 2

3 a partial cross section through the blade ring shown in FIG. 1 along the line II-II, FIG.

Fig. 3

a top view of an inventive Zerspanmesser,

Fig. 4

a top view of a knife holder plate according to the invention,

Fig. 5

a front view of a knife carrier according to the invention,

Fig. 6

Cross sections through the knife carrier shown in FIG. 2 along the lines VIa-VIa and VIb-VIb,

Fig. 7

6 is a partial view of the knife carrier shown in FIG. 6 along the line VII-VII,

Fig. 8

a partial section through the blade carrier shown in Fig. 6 along the line VIII-VIII and

Fig. 9

an alternative cross-sectional configuration of a knife carrier according to the invention.

In Fig. 1, an inventive Messerringzerspaner is shown in the form of a Langholzzerspaners. Likewise, to illustrate the invention, a wood chip scraper with blade ring and internal Schlägerrad would be suitable, the knife ring can be both stationary and rotating. In Fig. 1, one first sees a stationary substructure 1, at the top in the plane of representation extending rails 2 are arranged. The rails 2 serve as a track for the machine base frame 3, which is arranged transversely displaceably on the wheels 4 in the direction of arrow 5. With the substructure 1, a cylinder piston unit 6 is fixedly connected, the movable piston 7 acts on the machine base frame 3 and so worried the transverse travel of the machine base frame 3. The machine base frame 3 also has a platform 8, which carries an electric motor 9. Further, on the machine base frame 3, a hood-shaped housing 10th attached, which serves to receive a freely rotatable about a horizontal axis knife ring 11. While the rear wall of the housing 10 is closed and serves to support the drive shaft of the knife ring 11, the front side of the housing 10 has a circular opening, through which the crushing chamber 12 is freely accessible. The crushing chamber 12 is bounded above by a circular arc segment 13, whose curved side extends at a small distance from the blade ring 11. In the lower region, a stiffening base construction 14 delimits the comminution chamber 12 and, like the circular arc segment 13, is fixedly connected to the housing 10. The left-hand boundary surface of the comminution chamber 12 in the plane of representation is formed by an axially projecting into the comminution chamber 12, in cross section convex counter-surface 15 which is stationary relative to the machine base 1 and thus does not follow the transverse movement of the machine base frame 3. The opposite side of the crushing space 12 is finally formed by a portion of the inside of the knife ring 11 and at the same time represents the crushing path.

The feed material in the form of tree trunks 16 projects, like the counter-layer 15, axially into the crushing space 12 with the free part of its length. The lying outside of the crushing chamber 12 part of the logs 16 is located in a feed device, not shown, at the end it is firmly clamped for the Zerspanvorgang. In addition, 12 hold-down device, not shown, which hold the tree trunks 16 in the crushing chamber 12 during the machining process in the crushing space. The crushing of the tree trunks 16 takes place by transverse movement of the machine base frame 3 in the direction of the arrow 5 with a rotating blade ring 11, the tree trunks 16 are pressed against the crushing path due to the fixed counter-layer 15 and there brought into engagement with the crushing tools.

The detailed structure of the knife ring 11 is shown in FIG. 2. The knife ring 11 consists essentially of two concentric and axially spaced annular discs 17 and 18 which are connected via axially parallel and annularly arranged around the axis of rotation knife carrier 19. For this purpose, the end faces of the knife carrier 19 are screwed to the inner sides of the annular discs 17 and 18. Each blade carrier 19 serves to accommodate the crushing tools in the required working position, which by their support in the Fixing levels A is accomplished. The comminution tools consist in the present example of knife packages 20, each composed of a knife-holding plate 21 and a Zerspanmesser 22. The individual elements of such a unit, namely the Zerspanmesser 22, the knife-holding plate 21 and the knife carrier 19 are shown in Figs. 3 to 5. Their mutual arrangement in the operating state is shown most clearly in FIG. 6.

The Zerspanmesser 22 shown in Fig. 3 has a pronounced longitudinal extension direction, wherein the front in Fig. 3 lower longitudinal edge forms the cutting edge 23. The rear longitudinal edge 24 of Zerspanmessers 22 has at the edge portions each have a slot-shaped recess 25 with a rounded base and an extension transverse to the longitudinal direction. Between the end face and the recess 25 is further seen two threaded holes 26th

A knife holder plate 21 suitable for forming a knife package 20 is shown in FIG. The knife holder plate 21 has substantially the same outline as the Zerspanmesser 22 with a rear longitudinal edge 27 and a front, in the drawing below extending longitudinal edge 28 which tapers to a sharp longitudinal edge. In each of the two mounting planes A, a stepped bore 29 is introduced, which extends from the upper side 30 with a larger diameter and from the lower side 31 with a smaller diameter over the thickness of the knife-holding plate 21.

Between the stepped bores 29 and the rear longitudinal edge 27, grooves 32 are arranged on the underside 31 in the region of the fastening planes A, which run parallel to the longitudinal direction and whose depth is approximately half the thickness of the knife-holding plate 21.

Between the stepped holes 29 and the end faces of the knife-holding plate 21, a slot 33 is additionally arranged in each case with a similar gradation, as it has the stepped bore 29. The elongated holes 33 are aligned transversely to the longitudinal direction.

The cutting blade 28 shown in FIG. 3 and the blade holding plate 21 shown in FIG. 4 are assembled outside the blade ring 11 in a specially designed gauge to form a blade package 20. The teaching is there the desired width of a knife package 20, which, starting from a defined zero position on the knife carrier 19 results in the desired cutting projection in the Zerspanungsraum 12 inside. For this purpose, depending on the state of wear of the Zerspanmessers 22 Zerspanmesser 22 and the knife holder plate 21 with the necessary overlap transverse to the longitudinal direction of the knife plate 22 superimposed and connected with screws, not shown. The screws extend with their threaded portion through the slots 33 in the threaded holes 26 of the Zerspanmessers 23. The heads of the screws come to rest in the slots 33 so that they do not protrude beyond the top 30 of the blade holder plate 21. The shown extension of the oblong hole 33 transversely to the longitudinal axis of the knife-holding plate 21 makes it possible to readjust and thus adapt the blade package 20 to the respective wear state of the respective cutting blade 22.

The knife packages 20 thus set to a predetermined nominal width are then fastened on a knife carrier 19, as shown, for example, in FIG. 5. As can be seen in particular from FIGS. 5 and 6, the knife carrier 19 has a rod-like shape with a triangular cross-section. At its the crushing space side facing a wear shoe 34 is arranged.

The front in the direction of rotation 47 front side of the knife carrier 19 forms a support surface 35 for the knife package 20. The rear in the direction 5 page 36 of the knife carrier 19 forms together with the knife package 20 of a subsequent knife carrier 19 a chip removal channel 37 through which the already crushed feed material centrifugal force radially is deducted to the outside.

The closer configuration of the receiving surface 35 shows in particular Fig. 5, from which it can be seen that the receiving surface 35 is substantially planar to accommodate the back of the Zerspanmessers 22. In the fastening planes A, a threaded bore 38 runs perpendicular to the contact surface 35 and into which the fastening screws 39 (FIGS. 6 and 7) engage. Between the threaded bore 38 and the rear longitudinal edge of the knife carrier 19 is seen in each case a base 40, the width of which is dimensioned so that it fits into the recess 25 of the Zerspanmessers 22. The height of the base 40 corresponds to the thickness of Zerspanmessers 22, whereby when tightening the mounting screws 39, the surface of the base 40 forms a support for the underside 31 of the knife-holding plate 21. This situation can be seen in particular from FIG. 6.

The rear longitudinal edge of the knife carrier 19 has in both fastening planes A in each case a rectangular cross-section niche 41, which connects flush with its base 44 to the base 40. The niche 41 serves to receive an adjusting device 42. For this purpose, a threaded bore is introduced into the base 44 of the niche 41, into which an adjusting screw 43 engages. The head of the adjusting screw 43 spans with the interposition of one or more shims 46 a cuboid centering pin 45 against the bottom 44 of the niche 41. The centering pin 45 projects with a narrow side over the surface of the base 40 and engages due to corresponding dimensions transverse to the longitudinal direction of the knife carrier 19 clearance in the groove 32 on the bottom 31 of the knife holder plate 21st

In this way, the centering pin 45 forms a reference surface which determines the relative position of the blade package 20 relative to the knife carrier 19 and thus the cutting edge projection.

Since manufacturing tolerances cause the blade carrier 19 may have slight deviations from their desired position in the knife ring 11, is given by inserting a corresponding number of spacer plates 46 between the centering pin 45 and the niche ground 44 a way to compensate for manufacturing tolerances.

As is clear from Fig. 7 and in particular Fig. 8, the use of Zerspanmessern 22 with large width is possible by the inventive arrangement of the reference surface in the form of Zentrierzapfens 45 within the support surface 35 perpendicular projection of the recess 25 of the Zerspanmessers 22. In this case, the rear longitudinal edge 24 coincide with the corresponding longitudinal edge of the blade carrier 19 or even survive over this.

By virtue of the possibility given according to the invention to provide niches 43 for the adjusting device 42, the chip removal channel 37 can be kept free from the internals obstructing the chip outlet, even if the cross section of the knife carrier 19 is squat.

9 shows that the invention is not limited to the embodiment presented in FIGS. 1 to 8, in which the reference surface can be adjusted by means of an adjusting device 42 arranged on the knife carrier 19. Rather, in the context of the invention, a variety of modifications and combinations are possible in which, for example, the adjusting device or even the centering pin is attached to the blade holder plate.

The knife carrier 15 shown in FIG. 9 has a largely planar bearing surface 51, which is interrupted only in the fastening planes A by a respective base 52. The base 52 is formed in two stages with a first lower surface and a rearward longitudinal edge of the blade carrier 50 toward subsequent second higher surface with respect to the support surface 51st

The support surface 51 serves to receive a knife package 54, which is formed by a Zerspanmesser 55, which substantially corresponds to that described in FIG. 3 and a knife-holding plate 56, are made to the modifications with respect to that described in FIG.

In contrast to the exemplary embodiments described in FIGS. 1 to 8, the knife holding plate 56 is equipped with an adjusting device 57, which is arranged at the rear longitudinal edge of the knife holding plate 56 in the region of the corresponding recesses of the Zerspanmessers 55. The adjusting device 57 in turn comprises an adjusting screw 58 which engages in a threaded bore at the rear longitudinal edge of the knife-holding plate 56. The head of the adjusting screw 58 in turn biases a stop element 59 with the interposition of one or more spacer plates 60 against the rear longitudinal edge of the knife-holding plate 56th

When attaching the knife package 54 on the knife carrier 50, the gradation between the first lower surface of the base 52 and the second higher surface serves as a reference and stop surface for the stop element 59 of the knife package 54. By a suitable choice of the number of spacers 60 can thereby the required Cutting edge to be set.

Since the extension of the base 52 in the longitudinal direction of the blade carrier 50 is not greater than the recess in Zerspanmesser 55, can also in this Embodiment of the invention, the Zerspanmesser 55 are used with a greater width than usual. As a result, the rear longitudinal edge of the Zerspanmessers 55 can extend to the rear longitudinal edge of the knife carrier 50.

Claims (14)

1. A knife ring intended for a device for the size-reduction of materials, especially for knife ring flakers, equipped with a plurality of knife carriers (19) arranged in a circle around the axis of the knife ring and of which each has a seat surface (35) on which a knife package (20), consisting of a knife cover plate (21) and a flaking knife (22), is held in working position at a predetermined angle and protrusion of the cutting edge by fastening means (39), said knife carrier (19) showing a reference surface which interacts with the knife package (20) and with regard to which the knife protrusion is set, wherein, for the positioning of the knife package (20) on the knife carrier (19), the flaking knife (22) shows at least one recess (25) beginning at the rear longitudinal edge (24) and the reference surface being disposed in the vertical projection of the seat surface (35) within the recess (25) and wherein hereby the reference surface interacts with the adjusting system (42) of which the setting range is parallel to the transverse orientation of the knife holding plate (21).
2. A knife ring as set forth in claim 1, wherein the reference surface consists of a stop (45, 52) acting between the knife holding plate (21) and the knife carrier (19)
3. A knife ring as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein the reference surface is formed by a positive locking (45, 32) between the knife holding plate (21) and the knife carrier (19).
4. A knife ring as set forth in one of the claims 1 to 3, wherein the reference surface is integrated in a plug-in type connection, especially a tongue-and-groove joint (45, 32) between the knife holding plate (21) and the knife carrier (19).
5. A knife ring as set forth in claim 4, wherein the groove (32) is located in the knife holding plate (21) and the tongue (45) in the knife carrier (19).
6. A knife ring as set forth in claim 4 or 5, wherein the groove (32) is longer than the tongue (45).
7. A knife ring as set forth in one of the claims 1 to 6, wherein the adjusting system (42) has a setting screw (43) exerting a tension against the knife carrier (19) or the knife holding plate (21) by interposition of spacing shims (46).
8. A knife ring as set forth in one of the claims 1 to 7, wherein the reference surface is made of a part of the adjusting system (42) which is disposed at the knife carrier (19).
9. A knife ring as set forth in one of the claims 7 to 8, wherein the knife carrier (19) shows at least one niche (41) in which the adjusting system (42) is arranged.
10. A knife ring as set forth in claim 9, wherein the niche (41) beginning at the rear longitudinal edge of the knife carrier (19) extends up to the interior of the seat surface (35).
11. A knife ring as set forth in one of the claims 1 to 10, wherein a base (40,52) protrudes from the seat surface (35, 51) and wherein the reference surface, or the adjusting system (42) with the reference surface, is located in the area of the base (40, 52).
12. A knife ring as set forth in one of the claims 1 to 11, wherein the fastening means consists of screws (39) traversing the knife packages (20) in the recesses (25) of the flaking knife (22).
13. A knife ring as set forth in one of the claims 1 to 12, wherein at least in its marginal areas the flaking knife (22) shows a recess (25) to which corresponds a reference surface in the knife carrier (19).
14. Device for the size-reduction of material (16) with a stationary or rotating knife ring enclosing the size-reduction chamber (12) as set forth in one of the claims 1 to 13.

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