EP1559522A1 - Chipper with a ring of knives - Google Patents

Abstract

The chopping-up device has a chopping cutter (22) with at least one recess in its rear longitudinal edge (24). The reference surface is within the recess in the projection perpendicular to the resting surface (35). There are fixing devices (39) to tilt the cutter at a preset angle on the cutter carrier (19) and to act with the cutter pack (20).

Description

The invention relates to a device for comminuting feed with a a crushing space enclosing knife ring according to the preamble of Patent claim 1 and a knife ring with the features of the claim 15th

Generic crushing devices are for example as Messerringzerspaner with an internal Schlagradsystem known, in which Wood chips are crushed to fine chips and used as starting material for the Particle board production serve. There are also Langholzzerspaner, where the fixed feedstock from a rotating and transverse knife ring in is converted into large-format chips, which further for the production of OSB products Find use.

The actual crushing work of generic devices is of the Zerspanmessern performed, which together with a knife plate outside the Crushing device within a gauge to a knife package be joined together. The knife pacts are held by knife carriers, the are arranged in a ring shape between two carrier rings about an axis of rotation and so form the knife ring. To facilitate the required Cutting edge has the blade carrier over the entire length of the Knife carrier extending stop surface as a reference surface, with the cutting edge the opposite side of the preset blade package cooperates. These serving as a reference surface stop surface is also used as a zero position for the Knife packages referred to as from there the nominal dimension for the position of the cutting edge of Zerspanmessers is taken. Top priority in the assembly of knife packages is that all cutting edges of the cutting blades lie on a cutting circle.

Production-related tolerances mean that the stop surfaces of the Knife carrier and thus the reference surfaces for the cutting circle of Zerspanmesser not all on the same circumference with respect to the Knife ring axis lie. This leads to a nonuniform cutting overhang of Zerspanmesser and a resulting lower quality of the chips.

Therefore, it is already known from DE 26 28 764, the reference surface for Adjust compensation of production-related tolerances with the aid of an adjusting device to be able to. In DE 26 28 764, the reference surface of an adjustment and Fixing screw formed, the plane parallel to the knife package in the knife carrier or can be unscrewed. The adjusting and fixing screw serves as Stop for a continuous counterpressure strip, which is fixed to the knife package is screwed.

As disadvantageous proves in the known from the prior art Design ways that the maximum usable width of the cutting blade by the Distance between the cutting edge of a cutting blade and the reference surface to which the Zerspanmesser abuts with its rear longitudinal edge is fixed. in the However, with regard to longer operating times of the wear-resistant Zerspanmesser would be the use of the widest possible Zerspanmesser desirable.

Against this background, the invention has the object, generic Further develop shredders in that Zerspanmesser can be used with a larger than previously possible useful width.

This object is achieved by a device having the features of patent claim 1 solved.

Advantageous embodiments will be apparent from the dependent claims.

The basic idea of the invention is the reference surface on the knife carrier, the cooperates with the knife package to design substantially punctiform. Together with Zerspanmessern, which in the area of the reference surfaces each one of have rear edge outgoing recess, therefore, results in a constructive design of a knife carrier, wherein the reference surfaces within the Recesses come to rest and thereby the rear edge of the Zerspanmesser can extend beyond the reference surface addition. It can the Reference surface from a fixed stop or even from one to Knife package planparallel adjustable adjustment can be formed.

Thanks to the invention, the operator passes according to the invention Crushing devices have the advantage of using wider cutting blades than this was previously possible. These Zerspanmesser have due to their larger Usable width a longer life, so that the economy Overall, the size of the comminution devices according to the invention is increased.

In addition, the inventive design of a knife carrier allows the Displacement of the reference surface towards the center of the knife carrier. This results in a sturdier design of the individual knife carrier, which opens up the possibility accommodate more knife carriers on a circumference than before. Such a modified knife ring is able to provide a higher crushing capacity do.

In a simple embodiment of the invention, the reference surface consists of a Stop on the knife carrier for the knife package. Such an embodiment draws characterized by the simplicity of construction, but only acts in the direction of Stop, d. H. a knife package must be held against the stop until it is screwed on the knife carrier.

In a further embodiment of the invention is with the reference surface a positive connection generated between the knife carrier and the knife package, for example by Formation of a plug connection. This has the advantage that the knife package already when placing the knife package on the support surface of the knife carrier in his Target position is fixed and only needs to be tightened. Although the production is However, it adds complexity to such an embodiment compliance with the required cutting projection at.

A preferred connector according to the invention has the tongue and groove principle. Advantageously, the groove is arranged in the blade holding plate and the spring in the knife carrier. This contributes to a compact design of the knife carrier simple construction allows. A longer relative to the spring groove facilitates Threading the spring into the groove allows for minor positional corrections Nut direction in hindsight.

Although the invention also includes comminution devices whose Reference surface is fixed, so embodiments are still preferred, the one Setting the reference surface and thus adjusting the zero position for the Knife packages allowed. In an advantageous embodiment of this idea is the Reference surface Part of the adjusting device, preferably on the knife ring is arranged. This allows the knife package, with every blade change must be removed, limited to the absolutely necessary parts become. The parts required for the adjustment are protected in the knife carrier and will not be moved unintentionally.

A simple but very effective and reliable type of adjustment device exists from an adjusting screw, with the interposition of spacer plates to the Knife holder can be screwed. It is possible that the head of the Adjusting screw itself represents the reference surface for the knife package. alternative this is possible with the adjusting screw, again with the interposition of Spacer plate to attach a centering pin on the knife carrier, with the Knife holding plate cooperates.

In particular, when using knife carriers with an adjusting device the arrangement of niches on the knife carrier of advantage. By an arrangement of Adjustment device in the niche disappears the adjusting device in the cross section of the Knife carrier. This allows the Spanabfuhrkanal free of disturbing Cross-sectional constrictions are kept, which are always a source of danger in terms to constipation. Thus, the invention is characterized Crushing devices also by a higher reliability and Operational safety.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the support surface of the knife carrier a pedestal on which rests the blade holder plate in the operating state. The Arrangement of the reference surface or the adjusting device brings in the region of the base the advantage that, in static terms, the pedestal itself as a stabilizing element acts for the reference surface.

The invention further comprises a knife ring, which is also known in the market as independent part of a device according to the invention is placed on the market. For such a knife ring apply the previously made execution accordingly.

Fig. 1

einen vertikalen Längsschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Langholzzerspaner mit rotierendem Messerring,

Fig. 2

einen Teilquerschnitt durch den in Fig. 1 dargestellten Messerring entlang der Linie II-II,

Fig. 3

eine Draufsicht auf ein erfindungsgemäßes Zerspanmesser,

Fig. 4

eine Draufsicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Messerhalteplatte,

Fig. 5

einen Vorderansicht auf einen erfindungsgemäßen Messerträger,

Fig. 6

Querschnitte durch den in Fig. 2 dargestellten Messerträger entlang der Linien VIa-VIa und VIb-VIb,

Fig. 7

eine Teilansicht des in Fig. 6 dargestellten Messerträgers entlang der Linie VII-VII,

Fig. 8

einen Teilschnitt durch den in Fig. 6 dargestellten Messerträger entlang der Linie VIII-VIII und

Fig. 9

eine alternative Querschnittsausbildung eines erfindungsgemäßen Messerträgers.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it

Fig. 1

a vertical longitudinal section through a Langholzzerspaner invention with rotating blade ring,

Fig. 2

3 a partial cross section through the blade ring shown in FIG. 1 along the line II-II, FIG.

Fig. 3

a top view of an inventive Zerspanmesser,

Fig. 4

a top view of a knife holder plate according to the invention,

Fig. 5

a front view of a knife carrier according to the invention,

Fig. 6

Cross sections through the knife carrier shown in Fig. 2 along the lines VIa-VIa and VIb-VIb,

Fig. 7

6 is a partial view of the knife carrier shown in FIG. 6 along the line VII-VII,

Fig. 8

a partial section through the blade carrier shown in Fig. 6 along the line VIII-VIII and

Fig. 9

an alternative cross-sectional configuration of a knife carrier according to the invention.

In Fig. 1, an inventive Messerringzerspaner in the form of a Langholzzerspaners shown. Likewise, to illustrate the invention a woodchip chip maker with a knife ring and internal beater wheel, wherein the knife ring can be both stationary and rotating. In Fig. 1 sees first a stationary substructure 1, at the top in representation level extending rails 2 are arranged. The rails 2 serve as a career for the Machine base frame 3, on the wheels 4 in the direction of the arrow. 5 is arranged transversely displaceable. With the substructure 1 is a cylinder piston unit. 6 firmly connected, the movable piston 7 acts on the machine base frame 3 and worried about the transverse movement of the machine base frame 3. Of the Machine base frame 3 also has a platform 8, which has an electric motor 9 wearing. Further, on the machine base frame 3, a hood-shaped housing 10th attached, which for receiving a freely rotatable about a horizontal axis Knife ring 11 is used. While the rear wall of the housing 10 is closed and serves to support the drive shaft of the knife ring 11, the front of the Housing 10 has a circular opening through which the crushing chamber 12th is freely accessible. The crushing chamber 12 is upwardly of a Circular arc segment 13 limited, the curved side at a small distance to Knife ring 11 runs. In the lower area limited to a stiffening Floor construction 14 the crushing chamber 12 and is as well as the Circular arc segment 13 fixedly connected to the housing 10. In the Display plane left boundary surface of the crushing chamber 12 is of an axially projecting into the crushing chamber 12, convex in cross-section Counter-15 formed, which is stationary relative to the machine base 1 arranged is and thus does not follow the transverse movement of the machine base frame 3. The opposite side of the crushing chamber 12 is finally of a Section formed on the inside of the knife ring 11 and simultaneously represents the Crushing track

The feed material in the form of tree trunks 16 protrudes, like the counter 15, with the free part of its length axially into the crushing chamber 12 inside. The outside of the Crushing room 12 lying part of the logs 16 is not in one shown feeder, at the end it firmly for the Zerspanvorgang is clamped. In addition, 12 are not shown in the crushing chamber Hold down present, the tree trunks 16 in the crushing chamber 12 during of the cutting process. The crushing of the logs 16 takes place by traversing the machine base frame 3 in the direction of the arrow 5 at rotating knife ring 11, wherein due to the fixed counter-15, the Trunks 16 pressed against the crushing track and there in engagement with the Shredding tools are brought.

The detailed structure of the knife ring 11 is shown in FIG. 2. The knife ring 11 consists essentially of two concentric and at an axial distance from each other arranged annular discs 17 and 18, which are about paraxial and annular around the Rotary axis arranged knife carrier 19 are connected. These are the End faces of the knife carrier 19 with the inner sides of the annular discs 17 and 18th screwed. Each blade carrier 19 serves to receive the crushing tools in the required working position, what by their support in the Fixing levels A is accomplished. The crushing tools exist in present example of knife packages 20, each consisting of a Assemble knife holder plate 21 and a Zerspanmesser 22. The single ones Elements of such a unit, namely the Zerspanmesser 22, the knife plate 21 and the blade carrier 19 are shown in Figs. 3 to 5. Their mutual Arrangement in the operating state is most clearly apparent from Fig. 6.

The Zerspanmesser 22 shown in Fig. 3 has a pronounced Longitudinal direction, wherein the front in Fig. 3 lower longitudinal edge of the cutting edge 23 forms. The rear longitudinal edge 24 of the Zerspanmessers 22 has at the edge side Sections each have a slot-shaped recess 25 with rounded bottom and an extension transverse to the longitudinal direction. Between the front side and the recess 25 can also be seen two threaded holes 26th

A knife holding plate 21 suitable for forming a knife package 20 is shown in FIG. 4 shown. The knife holder plate 21 has substantially the same floor plan as the Zerspanmesser 22 with a rear longitudinal edge 27 and a front, in the drawing below extending longitudinal edge 28, leading to a sharp longitudinal edge tapers. In the two attachment levels A is in each case a stepped bore 29th introduced from the upper side 30 with a larger diameter and of the underside 31 with a smaller diameter across the thickness of Knife holding plate 21 extends.

Between the stepped holes 29 and the rear longitudinal edge 27 can be seen on the Bottom 31 in the region of the mounting planes A arranged grooves 32 which are parallel extend to the longitudinal direction and whose depth is about half the thickness of Knife plate 21 is.

Between the stepped holes 29 and the end faces of the knife-holding plate 21 is additionally each a slot 33 arranged with a similar gradation, as they has the stepped bore 29. The slots 33 are transverse to Longitudinal direction aligned.

The Zerspanmesser 28 shown in Fig. 3 and shown in Fig. 4 Knife holder plate 21 are outside the knife ring 11 in a specially for trained doctrine to a knife package 20 assembled. The teaching is there the desired width of a knife package 20, starting from a defined Zero position on the knife carrier 19 the desired cutting projection in the Machining space 12 results in. For this purpose, depending on the Wear state of the Zerspanmessers 22 the Zerspanmesser 22 and the Knife plate 21 with the necessary overlap across the Longitudinal direction of the knife plate 22 superimposed and not with connected screws shown connected. The screws extend with their Threaded portion through the slots 33 in the threaded holes 26 of the Zerspanmessers 23. The heads of the screws come in the slots 33 lie so that they do not protrude beyond the top 30 of the blade holder plate 21. The shown extension of the slot 33 transverse to the longitudinal axis of the blade holder plate 21 allows readjustment and thus adaptation of the blade package 20 to the respective state of wear of the respective Zerspanmessers 22nd

The knife packages 20 thus set to a predetermined nominal width then become on a knife carrier 19, as shown for example in Fig. 5, attached. As can be seen in particular from FIGS. 5 and 6, the knife carrier 19 has rod-shaped in triangular cross-section. At his that Crushing space side facing a wear shoe 34 is arranged.

The front side in the direction of rotation 47 of the knife carrier 19 forms a bearing surface 35 for the knife package 20. The rear in the direction 5 side 36 of the Knife holder 19 forms together with the knife package 20 of a subsequent Knife carrier 19 a chip removal channel 37, through which the already crushed Feedstock centrifugal force is withdrawn radially outward.

The closer embodiment of the receiving surface 35 shows in particular Fig. 5, from the it can be seen that the receiving surface 35 is substantially planar to the Back of Zerspanmessers 22 record. Run in the fastening planes A. perpendicular to the support surface 35 each have a threaded bore 38, in which the Locking screws 39 (Fig. 6 and 7) engage. Between the threaded bore 38 and the rear longitudinal edge of the knife carrier 19 is seen in each case a pedestal 40, the width of which is such that it is in the recess 25 of the Zerspanmessers 22 fits. The height of the base 40 corresponds to the thickness of the Zerspanmessers 22, whereby when tightening the fastening screws 39, the surface of the base 40 forms a support for the underside 31 of the knife-holding plate 21. This The facts can be seen in particular from FIG. 6.

The rear longitudinal edge of the knife carrier 19 has in both mounting planes A each have a rectangular cross-section niche 41, with its bottom 44th flush with the base 40 connects. The niche 41 serves to receive a Adjustment 42. For this purpose, a threaded hole in the bottom 44 of Niche 41 introduced, in which an adjusting screw 43 engages. The head of the Adjusting screw 43 spans with the interposition of one or more Spacer plate 46 a cuboid centering pin 45 against the bottom 44 of Niche 41. The centering pin 45 projects with a narrow side over the surface of the Socket 40 over and engages due to corresponding dimensions across the Longitudinal direction of the blade carrier 19 without play in the groove 32 on the Bottom 31 of the knife-holding plate 21st

In this way, the centering pin 45 forms a reference surface, which is the relative position the knife package 20 with respect to the knife carrier 19 and thus the Cutting overhang determines.

Since manufacturing tolerances cause the knife carrier 19 minor deviations from their desired position in the knife ring 11 may have by inserting a corresponding number of shims 46 between the Centering pin 45 and the niche ground 44 given a possibility Compensate for manufacturing tolerances.

As is apparent from Fig. 7 and in particular Fig. 8 clearly is through the Inventive arrangement of the reference surface in the form of Zentrierzapfens 45th within the vertical projection to the support surface 35 of the recess 25 of the Zerspanmessers 22 the use of Zerspanmessern 22 with large width possible. In this case, the rear longitudinal edge 24 with the corresponding longitudinal edge of the Messerträgers 19 coincide or over this even survive.

By the present invention given possibility niches 43 for the adjusting device Provide 42 can even with squat formation of the cross section of the Knife carrier 19 of the chip removal channel 37 free from the chip outlet obstructing Internals are kept.

With Fig. 9 is to be shown that the invention is not on the in Figs. 1 to 8 featured embodiment is limited, wherein the reference surface by means of a arranged on the knife carrier 19 adjusting 42 can be adjusted. Rather, in the context of the invention, a variety of modifications and Combinations possible in which, for example, the adjustment or even only the centering pin is attached to the knife holder plate.

The blade carrier 15 shown in Fig. 9 has a largely planar Support surface 51, the only in the mounting planes A of each one Socket 52 is interrupted. The base 52 is formed in two stages with a first deeper surface and one to the rear longitudinal edge of the blade carrier 50 out subsequent second higher surface with respect to the support surface 51st

The support surface 51 serves to receive a knife package 54, the one of Zerspanmesser 55 is formed, which is substantially as described in FIG corresponds and a knife holder plate 56, at the modifications to the under Fig. 4 described are made.

In contrast to the embodiments described in FIGS. 1 to 8 is the Knife holding plate 56 equipped with an adjusting device 57, the rear Longitudinal edge of the knife holder plate 56 in the region of the corresponding recesses the Zerspanmessers 55 is arranged. The adjusting device 57 in turn comprises an adjusting screw 58, in a threaded hole at the rear longitudinal edge of the Knife holding plate 56 engages. The head of the adjusting screw 58 in turn clamped Stop element 59 with the interposition of one or more spacer plates 60 against the rear longitudinal edge of the knife-holding plate 56th

When attaching the blade package 54 on the blade carrier 50 is the gradation between the first lower surface of the base 52 and the second higher one Surface as a reference and stop surface for the stop element 59 of the Knife packages 54. By suitable choice of the number of spacers 60 can thereby the required cutting overhang can be set.

Since the extension of the base 52 in the longitudinal direction of the blade carrier 50 is not greater is as the recess in Zerspanmesser 55, can also in this Embodiment of the invention, the Zerspanmesser 55 with a greater width than previously customary to be used. As a result, the rear longitudinal edge of the Zerspanmessers 55 extend to the rear longitudinal edge of the blade carrier 50.

Claims (15)

Apparatus for comminuting feed material (16) with a rotating or fixed knife ring (11) enclosing a comminuting space (12) with a plurality of knife holders (19) arranged in a ring around the knife ring axis, each of which has a support surface (35) on the Knife package (20) consisting of a knife-holding plate (21) and a Zerspanmesser (22) is held by means of fastening (39) at a predetermined angle and cutting edge supernatant in working position, wherein the knife carrier (19) has a reference surface, with the knife package (20 ) and from which the cutting projection is produced, characterized in that for positioning the knife package (20) on the knife carrier (19) the cutting knife (22) has at least one recess (25) emanating from the rear longitudinal edge (24) and the reference surface in the support surface (35) perpendicular projection within the recess (25) is arranged. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the reference surface consists of a stop (45, 52) acting between knife holder plate (21) and knife carrier (19). Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reference surface is formed by a positive connection (45, 32) between the knife-holding plate (21) and knife carrier (19). Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the reference surface in a plug connection, in particular in a tongue and groove connection (45, 32) between the knife-holding plate (21) and the knife carrier (19) is integrated. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the groove (32) in the knife-holding plate (21) and the spring (45) on the knife carrier (19) is arranged. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the groove (32) is longer than the spring (45). Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the reference surface cooperates with an adjusting device (42) whose adjustment region is parallel to the transverse direction of the knife-holding plate (21). Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the adjusting device (42) has an adjusting screw (43) which, with the interposition of spacer plates (46), clamps against the knife carrier (19) or the knife holding plate (21). Apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the reference surface of a part of the adjusting device (42) is formed, which is arranged on the knife carrier (19). Device according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the knife carrier (19) has at least one niche (41) in which the adjusting device (42) is arranged. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the niche (41) extends from the rear longitudinal edge of the knife carrier (19) into the bearing surface (35). Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that from the support surface (35, 51) a base (40, 52) protrudes and the reference surface or the adjusting device (42) with reference surface in the region of the base (40, 52) is. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the fastening means of screws (39) are formed, which penetrate the knife package (20) in the region of the recesses (25) of the Zerspanmessers (22). Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that at least in the edge portions of a Zerspanmessers (22) each have a recess (25) and on the knife carrier (19) with the recess (25) corresponding reference surface is arranged. Knife ring suitable for use in a device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, comprising a plurality of knife carriers (19) arranged in a ring around the knife ring axis, each of which has a bearing surface (35) on which a knife package (20) consisting of a Knife holding plate (21) and a Zerspanmesser (22) is held by means of fastening (39) at a predetermined angle and cutting edge supernatant in working position, wherein the knife carrier (19) has a reference surface which cooperates with the knife package (20) and starting from the cutting projection is manufactured, characterized in that for positioning the knife package (20) on the knife carrier (19) the Zerspanmesser (22) at least one of the rear longitudinal edge (24) outgoing recess (25) and the reference surface in the support surface (35) perpendicular Projection is disposed within the recess (25).

Images