EP1558798A1 - Spinnereivorbereitungsmaschine sowie hohlraumresonator - Google Patents
Spinnereivorbereitungsmaschine sowie hohlraumresonatorInfo
- Publication number
- EP1558798A1 EP1558798A1 EP03769393A EP03769393A EP1558798A1 EP 1558798 A1 EP1558798 A1 EP 1558798A1 EP 03769393 A EP03769393 A EP 03769393A EP 03769393 A EP03769393 A EP 03769393A EP 1558798 A1 EP1558798 A1 EP 1558798A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- resonator
- machine according
- steel
- temperature
- sensor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
- D01H13/00—Other common constructional features, details or accessories
- D01H13/32—Counting, measuring, recording or registering devices
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
- D01G31/00—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop motions
- D01G31/006—On-line measurement and recording of process and product parameters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
- D01H5/00—Drafting machines or arrangements ; Threading of roving into drafting machine
- D01H5/18—Drafting machines or arrangements without fallers or like pinned bars
- D01H5/32—Regulating or varying draft
- D01H5/38—Regulating or varying draft in response to irregularities in material ; Measuring irregularities
Definitions
- the invention relates to a spinning preparation machine with a drafting device for stretching at least one sliver, in particular a card, draw frame or comber, with at least one microwave sensor at the inlet and / or at the outlet of the drafting device for measuring the sliver thickness of the at least one sliver, the microwave sensor comprising at least one cavity resonator through which the at least one sliver is to be passed during the measurements.
- the invention also includes such a cavity resonator.
- the spinning preparation machines upstream of the yarn production have in particular the task of regulating the fluctuations in the sliver mass of one or more slivers.
- belt sensors are arranged on lines, for example, which measure the belt thickness - also known as the belt mass - or its fluctuations and pass this information on to a regulating unit which controls at least one of the drafting elements of the drafting system accordingly. Even with unregulated lines, information regarding the fluctuations in strip thickness is desired in many cases.
- a corresponding sensor at the outlet of a drafting system outputs, for example, a corresponding shutdown signal for the machine and / or a warning signal if a threshold value for the strip thickness is undershot or exceeded.
- the known measuring methods for determining the strip thickness fluctuations are mainly based on mechanical scans.
- the dynamics of these mechanical sensors at delivery speeds at the drafting system exit of in particular more than 1000 m / min are no longer sufficient.
- the necessary strong mechanical compression in front of the mechanical sensor has a negative impact on the ability to warp.
- BESTATIGUNGSKOPIE From WO 00/12974 it is known to determine a microwave resonator for the continuous detection of belt thickness fluctuations in moving textile strands at the inlet of the drafting system.
- a microwave sensor is arranged at the drafting system outlet, which can be used in particular for quality monitoring of the uniform fiber material.
- the device according to WO 00/12974 comprises a temperature sensor for measurement in order to compensate for temperature influences by means of a processor.
- this temperature compensation for taking temperature influences on the measurement results into account is not an optimal solution, since on the one hand it is cost-intensive and on the other hand it is based on inevitably empirical computing algorithms.
- This object is achieved in the spinning preparation machine of the type mentioned at the outset by means for preventing temperature-related deformations of the resonator walls of the microwave sensor during the measurements.
- the object is also achieved by a cavity resonator with resonator walls which are made at least in sections from a material with a low coefficient of thermal expansion.
- the temperatures in and on the machine are relatively low, but increase over time.
- the heat development due to the machine motors and other moving components and the sliver friction at the inlet and outlet of the cavity resonator cause an increase in temperature, which leads to deformation of the cavity walls.
- Such changes in the resonator geometry cause a shift in the resonance frequency (in the case of changed sliver cross section) and thus a falsification of the measured values or lead to measurement inaccuracies.
- the means according to the invention for preventing these temperature-related deformations of the resonator walls the measuring accuracy can be increased considerably. It is therefore particularly irrelevant whether the machine has just started up or has been in operation for a long time. If, on the other hand, a computational compensation with regard to temperature influences were to be carried out, the temperature would first have to be measured and the corresponding point in the correction curve, which reflects the correction value for a specific temperature, would have to be found.
- the resonator walls are made at least in sections from a material with a low coefficient of thermal expansion.
- a material with a low coefficient of thermal expansion is steel with low thermal expansion, the steel preferably having a thermal expansion of approximately 1/5 and preferably approximately 1/10 of the thermal expansion of steel normally used in textile machines at normal operating temperatures.
- steel is for example a N ⁇ '36 steel, that is a steel having a nickel content of about 35-37% as well as smaller amounts of other metals as well as carbon, or a comparable steel in this regard.
- Ni36 steel has an almost negligible thermal expansion, ie the expansion coefficient at 20 ° C for such a steel is approximately zero.
- a steel is known for example under the name lnvar ® steel.
- Other, comparable steels have different trade names.
- the Ni36 steels are also characterized by the fact that they are relatively elastic in comparison to ceramics, ie they do not have their brittleness and thus susceptibility.
- a conductive layer can be 5 ⁇ m thick, for example.
- thermal insulation means it is advantageous to largely uncouple the sensor from the rest of the machine in thermal terms by means of thermal insulation means.
- Such a thermally shielded island prevents waste heat from motors or other moving machine elements from reaching the sensor and causing the volume changes and thus the resonance frequency shift of the resonator.
- insulating foils can be arranged around larger sections of the resonator.
- the sensor can be at least partially surrounded by a thermally shielding housing.
- the connecting elements with which the sensor is attached to a machine part are fastened from a material with low thermal conductivity, so that the heat conduction is essentially interrupted at this point.
- active temperature setting means are preferred. This gives great flexibility in the temperature setting of the said walls. In this case, unwanted heating or cooling of the resonator walls can be counteracted in a targeted manner by setting the temperature to the desired degree.
- the temperature setting means are particularly preferably controllable.
- the temperature of the resonator walls and / or the environment can be inferred, for example, from a resistance measurement.
- a known measuring device of this type and also cost-effective is, for example, a so-called PT100, which is attached, for example, to an outer wall of the resonator.
- an inductive coil or another suitable measuring method can be used.
- the at least one temperature measuring element is advantageously attached at a location which is representative of the temperature behavior of the entire resonator.
- several temperature sensors arranged at different locations can be used, the signal of which is preferably preprocessed.
- the active temperature setting means can be regulated in various ways.
- a separate control unit is provided in one embodiment.
- an evaluation unit assigned to the at least one microwave sensor can be used for temperature control.
- the central machine control can also regulate the temperature setting means.
- the temperature setting means comprises at least one heating means, the end temperature of the resonator walls expediently being above that caused by the effects of the machine, the environment and friction.
- a heating medium that can be used advantageously is, for example, a heating foil, which can be attached in particular to large-area sections on the outside of the resonator.
- At least one resonator wall is heated directly, by preferably applying a heating voltage to it.
- coolants can be provided which set the resonator walls below the temperature caused by the machine, environmental and frictional influences.
- coolants are designed to generate a cooling air flow.
- Such an air flow can also be used to clean the resonator chamber and / or adjacent machine sections.
- homogeneous temperature distribution in the resonator interior can be achieved by means of such an air flow if this air flow is at least partially conducted through the resonator interior.
- the temperature setting means are advantageously designed as a Peltier element in order to heat or cool at least one resonator wall.
- the at least one Peltier element draws the heat from the resonator wall to be cooled, the temperature of the at least one resonator wall being able to be kept well below the temperature that would be achieved with conventional cooling.
- the side of the resonator facing the machine interior can be cooled and the side facing away can be heated, the corresponding resonator sections not necessarily having to have the same final temperature. Rather, the goal is to keep the resonator geometry constant during the measurements.
- the different means for preventing deformation of the resonator walls during the measurements can be combined in different ways.
- An independent aspect of the invention provides for the resonator chamber to be kept clean or cleaned by an air flow.
- the strength and / or the flow path of the air flow can be adjusted by means of an air flow control means, for example by means of at least one throttle valve on an air guide element of these means.
- the opening width of the at least one throttle valve can in particular be set manually or electrically.
- automatic actuation of the at least one throttle valve can be implemented.
- a control variable e.g. the degree of contamination of the resonator is used, which can be determined in an advantageous embodiment with at least one corresponding sensor.
- a sensor can be, for example, an optical sensor, the received signals of which become weaker with increasing contamination and ultimately fall below a threshold value.
- the evaluation unit of the sensor advantageously outputs a corresponding signal for actuating the at least one throttle valve or another air flow control means.
- the air flow can be used as a suction or a blowing flow.
- a continuous or interrupted air flow can also be used.
- the time intervals can be periodic, for example, or made dependent on exceeding threshold or limit values, for example on the degree of contamination or on the quality of the resonator.
- the sequence of the successive suction or blowing pulses can advantageously be set with regard to their duration and / or their time interval, for example on an operator console (so-called panel) arranged on the machine and / or from a central control device in the spinning mill. According to the previous one the duration, distance, strength, flow path, etc. of the air flow can be set manually and / or automatically.
- the air flow is activated during a can change, since - if no so-called flying can change is carried out with continuous sliver production - no measurements are carried out on the stationary sliver or slivers at this time.
- the air flows for cleaning and / or temperature adjustment can be directed differently.
- the sensor can be vacuumed from below.
- the air flow is directed from the bottom up.
- a negative pressure can be generated by means of air flow in a housing surrounding the sensor and thermally insulating it.
- FIG. 1 shows a route with regulation shown as a block diagram in a schematic representation
- 2a, 2b, 2c a schematically illustrated microwave sensor with an upstream funnel and downstream calender rollers in plan view, side view and rear view, and
- FIG. 3 is a side view of a schematically illustrated microwave sensor in a housing.
- An exemplary regulation principle on a route 1 is explained below with reference to FIG. 1.
- the sliver thickness of the incoming slivers 2 - in this case six slivers 2 - is detected with a microwave sensor 3 which works according to the resonator principle (microwave generator not shown).
- a funnel 18 designed as a compression means for compressing the fiber slivers 2 is connected upstream of the resonator principle.
- the fiber tapes 2 After passing through the microwave sensor 3, the fiber tapes 2 are spread out to form a fleece (shown as a triangle widening towards the drafting system 1a), which runs into the drafting system 1a.
- the drafting system 1a is formed by a pair of input rollers, a middle roller and a delivery roller (only the lower roller 20, 21 and 22 of the roller pairs is shown in each case).
- a warping of the slivers 2 is realized.
- the measured values of the sensor 3 are converted by an evaluation unit 4 into electrical voltage values representing the strip thickness fluctuations, which are fed to a memory 5.
- This memory 5 is designed as a FIFO (First-In-First-Out) and forwards the voltage to a setpoint stage 7 with a defined time delay.
- the memory 5 receives a number of clocks from a clock generator 6, which is a measure of the speed of the fiber slivers 2 passing through the sensor 3.
- the slivers are conveyed by the pair of input rollers, so that it makes sense to couple the clock 6 to this pair of rollers.
- the voltage values of the sensor 3 are retained in the memory 5 in accordance with the path covered by the fiber bands 2 between the sensor 3 and the drafting system 1a.
- the fiber tapes or the fleece 2 with the piece of tape to be regulated reach the fictitious location in the draft zone of the drafting system 1a, the corresponding measured value is released by the memory 5 and a corresponding actuating action is carried out *, which will be discussed in more detail below.
- the distance between the measuring location of the sensor 1 and the delay location is called the control point.
- the clock generator 6 can be coupled to another pair of rollers, for example to a pair of transport rollers immediately behind (in the direction of belt travel see) the sensor 3.
- the pair of input rollers is not used for transport, the fiber slivers through sensor 3, but the pair of transport rollers.
- the setpoint stage 7 also receives a master voltage from a master tachometer 9, which is a measure of the speed of the lower roller 22 of the pair of delivery rollers driven by a main motor 8.
- a setpoint voltage is then calculated in setpoint stage 7 and passed on to a control unit 10.
- a setpoint-actual value comparison takes place in the control unit 10, the actual values of a control motor 11 being transmitted to an actual value tachometer 12, which then forwards the corresponding actual voltage to the control unit 10.
- the setpoint-actual value comparison in the control unit 10 is used to give the control motor 11 a very specific speed corresponding to the desired change in distortion.
- the control motor 11 drives in a planetary gear 13, so that the speeds of the lower roller 20 of the input roller pair and the lower roller 21 of the middle roller pair are changed in accordance with the desired belt uniformity. Due to the proportional superimposition of the speeds of the main motor 8 and the control motor 11, taking into account the dead time mentioned, the strip thickness in the drafting system 1a at the so-called control point of application, i.e. at the place of delay, regulated.
- a microwave sensor 30 is also arranged at the outlet of the drafting unit 1a, which in the exemplary embodiment shown is connected downstream of a fleece nozzle 19 designed as a compression device.
- the fiber sliver or fiber fleece 2 'leaving the drafting system is drawn off here by a pair of calender rolls 35 connected downstream of the sensor 30.
- the signals from the sensor 30 are fed to an evaluation unit 31, which supplies electrical voltage signals corresponding to the strip thickness of the drawn fiber strip 2 'and forwards them to the control unit 10.
- the signals from the sensor 30 for example, long-wave periodic fluctuations in the fiber slivers 2 presented to the drafting system 1 a can be regulated.
- the signals from sensor 30 are used for quality control, the machine advantageously being switched off when a threshold value is exceeded or fallen below.
- 1 shows schematically that a temperature measuring element 40 and 41 is arranged on the sensors 3 and 30 in order to measure the temperature in the resonator interior or on a resonator wall.
- a temperature measuring element 40 and 41 is arranged on the sensors 3 and 30 in order to measure the temperature in the resonator interior or on a resonator wall.
- Several temperature measuring elements can also be used, for example in order to obtain an average temperature value. Since it has been found that the measuring accuracy of the sensors 3, 30 suffers due to temperature fluctuations caused by switching the machine on and off and the machine environment and the associated heating or cooling of the resonator walls, a suitable temperature control role is appropriate.
- the temperature measuring elements 40 and 41 pass on the temperature measured values to the evaluation units 4 and 31, respectively.
- the evaluation units 4, 31 also serve to regulate the temperature in order to control suitably designed temperature setting means 14, 15.
- the evaluation unit 4 controls a heating circuit 14 which takes over the heating of at least one resonator wall of the sensor 3.
- at least one heating foil can be integrated into the heating circuit 14, which is arranged at least in sections - advantageously in contact contact - around the resonator (not shown). Care must be taken that these heating means do not interfere with the microwave resonance signals.
- the heating circuit 14 can be activated immediately when the machine is switched on after a long period of inactivity in order to quickly obtain the desired heating temperature.
- the aim is to bring the resonator walls to a largely constant temperature, which is independent of the temperature in the interior of the machine, but also of the ambient temperature of the machine and possibly of temperature effects caused by fiber friction on resonator elements. At such a constant temperature, no temperature-related deformations can occur, so that the precision of the measured values is increased.
- the temperature measuring element 40 determines the current temperature, whereupon the evaluation unit 4 controls the heating circuit 14 when the temperature falls below a predetermined threshold.
- the evaluation unit 4 outputs an corresponding command to the heating circuit 14 to interrupt the heating process.
- a corresponding embodiment with an analog heating method is provided for the sensor 30 at the outlet of the drafting system 1a.
- the evaluation unit 31 also takes over the control of a heating circuit 15, which is designed to set the temperature of at least one resonator wall of the resonator 30.
- control of the heating circuits 14, 15 can also be implemented by the control unit 10 in an embodiment not shown. In a further alternative, separate control units can also be provided.
- cooling can be implemented. It is important that the resonator walls are set to an essentially constant temperature in order to largely prevent volume fluctuations in the resonator chamber and distortions in the resonance field.
- the resonator walls are at least partially made of a material with low thermal expansion, for example Ni36 steel (e.g. Invar® steel).
- Ni36 steel e.g. Invar® steel
- FIGS. 2a top view
- 2b side view
- 2c rear view
- the at least one fiber sliver 2 is only indicated by a dotted arrow;
- 2c shows the sliver 2 in cross section as a composite of many individual fibers.
- the hopper 118 and the calender rolls 135 are not shown in FIG. 2c.
- band guide elements can also be used, for example horizontally and / or vertically arranged deflecting rods, which for example can also have concave guide surfaces in order to allow the at least one fiber band 2 to enter the sensor 300 in a centered manner.
- the calender rolls 135 can be arranged rotated through 90 ° or any other angle.
- the sensor 300 has a resonator 300a with two half-cylinders 301, 305 separated by a gap 310, the outer walls 302, 306 of the.; Half-cylinders 301, 305 made of metal and the inner walls 303, 307 made of ceramic oriented towards the sliver 2 are made.
- the resonance is formed in the resonator interior between the walls 302, 306.
- an air flow is passed through the gap 310 on both sides of the sliver 2, which is dashed in FIGS. 2a, 2b and shown in FIG. 2c as a circle with crossed lines drawn therein (airflow direction directed away from the viewer).
- the air flow or the air flows 50 can perform several functions. On the one hand, they ensure a largely homogeneous temperature distribution in the gap 310, on the other hand, they prevent the deposition of fibers in particular on the inner walls 303, 307 of the half-cylinders 301, 305 and at the exit of the resonator 300a or at the transition to the calender rolls 135 Dirt deposits would detune the resonator 300a and lead to measurement inaccuracies.
- the air flow 50 can be used for the targeted temperature setting, in particular of the resonator walls 302, 306.
- FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of a microwave sensor 3000, in which, compared to the embodiment in FIG. 2, a housing 45 is additionally provided around the hollow resonator 3000a.
- the housing 45 from which the end facing the viewer is shown removed, is designed to be thermally insulating in order to prevent heat from the machine room and the surroundings Keep resonator 3000a away.
- two gaps 312, 314 are provided between the outer walls of the resonator 3000a and the inner walls of the housing, through which an air flow 51 is passed in each case. These air flows 51 can also be used to clean the gaps 312, 314 and / or to adjust the temperature of the resonator walls.
- the air flows led to sensor 3000 each branch into two partial flows, on the one hand into the already described air flow 51, and on the other hand into an air flow 50 that runs through the gap 310.
- no air flow 50 or one provided specifically for the gap 310 is provided through the gap 310.
- the air flows 50, 51 in FIGS. 2 and 3 can be blowing or suction flows, the latter causing a negative pressure in the columns 310, 312, 314.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
- Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10248322 | 2002-10-16 | ||
| DE10248322 | 2002-10-16 | ||
| PCT/EP2003/011411 WO2004035888A1 (de) | 2002-10-16 | 2003-10-15 | Spinnereivorbereitungsmaschine sowie hohlraumresonator |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1558798A1 true EP1558798A1 (de) | 2005-08-03 |
| EP1558798B1 EP1558798B1 (de) | 2011-11-30 |
Family
ID=32102791
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03769393A Expired - Lifetime EP1558798B1 (de) | 2002-10-16 | 2003-10-15 | Spinnereivorbereitungsmaschine mit hohlraumresonator |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060137145A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1558798B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN100500961C (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE535635T1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2003278083A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2004035888A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108004628A (zh) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-05-08 | 东华大学 | 一种带有纳米纤维防粘连机构用于制备纳米纤维/短纤混纺纱的装置及方法 |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011106906B4 (de) * | 2011-07-08 | 2017-12-14 | Karl Mayer Textilmaschinenfabrik Gmbh | Kettenwirkmaschine |
| DE102011054216A1 (de) * | 2011-10-06 | 2013-04-11 | Rieter Ingolstadt Gmbh | Verfahren zur Korrektur einer von der Banddicke eines Faserbands abhängigen Kenngröße sowie Textilmaschine mit einer Vorrichtung zum Verstrecken eines Faserbands |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2619217B1 (fr) * | 1987-08-04 | 1989-11-10 | Aerospatiale | Dispositif de mesure en continu du taux d'impregnation par une substance de fibres conductrices ou non d'electricite. |
| DE4445720B4 (de) * | 1994-12-22 | 2006-06-14 | Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnereimaschinenbau Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Messung der Masse eines bewegten Faserbandes |
| US5943740A (en) * | 1996-04-02 | 1999-08-31 | Rieter Machine Works, Ltd. | Combing machine with an autoleveller drafting arrangement |
| DE59804686D1 (de) * | 1997-09-01 | 2002-08-08 | Rieter Ag Maschf | Reguliertes streckwerk |
| EP1114299B1 (de) * | 1998-08-31 | 2005-02-02 | Malcam Ltd. | Mikrowellenresonator zur kontinuierlichen auswertung von faserigen stoffen |
| DE19854550C5 (de) | 1998-11-26 | 2011-03-17 | Hauni Maschinenbau Ag | Resonatorgehäuse für Mikrowellen |
| DE10214649A1 (de) * | 2002-04-02 | 2003-10-16 | Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnerei | Vorrichtung zum Optimieren der Reguliereinstellungen einer Spinnereimaschine sowie entsprechendes Verfahren |
| DE10214955B9 (de) * | 2002-04-04 | 2017-06-29 | Rieter Ingolstadt Gmbh | Spinnereivorbereitungsmaschine |
| DE10306209A1 (de) * | 2003-02-13 | 2004-08-26 | Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnereimaschinenbau Ag | Vorrichtung mit einem Mikrowellenresonator für eine oder an einer Spinnereivorbereitungsmaschine |
-
2003
- 2003-10-15 CN CNB2003801014270A patent/CN100500961C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-10-15 AT AT03769393T patent/ATE535635T1/de active
- 2003-10-15 US US10/530,933 patent/US20060137145A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-10-15 EP EP03769393A patent/EP1558798B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-15 WO PCT/EP2003/011411 patent/WO2004035888A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2003-10-15 AU AU2003278083A patent/AU2003278083A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2004035888A1 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108004628A (zh) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-05-08 | 东华大学 | 一种带有纳米纤维防粘连机构用于制备纳米纤维/短纤混纺纱的装置及方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20060137145A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
| AU2003278083A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
| WO2004035888A1 (de) | 2004-04-29 |
| EP1558798B1 (de) | 2011-11-30 |
| ATE535635T1 (de) | 2011-12-15 |
| CN100500961C (zh) | 2009-06-17 |
| CN1705777A (zh) | 2005-12-07 |
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