EP1555902B1 - Multilayered, breathable textile fabric - Google Patents

Multilayered, breathable textile fabric Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1555902B1
EP1555902B1 EP03777848A EP03777848A EP1555902B1 EP 1555902 B1 EP1555902 B1 EP 1555902B1 EP 03777848 A EP03777848 A EP 03777848A EP 03777848 A EP03777848 A EP 03777848A EP 1555902 B1 EP1555902 B1 EP 1555902B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
yarns
aramid
layer
textile fabric
fabric according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03777848A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1555902A1 (en
Inventor
Sonja Hubner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EIDP Inc
Original Assignee
EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Publication of EP1555902A1 publication Critical patent/EP1555902A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1555902B1 publication Critical patent/EP1555902B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/08—Heat resistant; Fire retardant
    • A41D31/085—Heat resistant; Fire retardant using layered materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/10—Impermeable to liquids, e.g. waterproof; Liquid-repellent
    • A41D31/102—Waterproof and breathable
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/12—Hygroscopic; Water retaining
    • A41D31/125—Moisture handling or wicking function through layered materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/26—Electrically protective, e.g. preventing static electricity or electric shock
    • A41D31/265—Electrically protective, e.g. preventing static electricity or electric shock using layered materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/513—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads heat-resistant or fireproof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multilayered, breathable - that is to say, moisture vapor permeable - textile (including woven and knitted) fabric and especially, but not exclusively, to a textile fabric for clothing purposes.
  • the invention relates to a fabric for manufacturing articles of work clothing for protection against the effects of heat, flames, electric arc, and the like. Therefore, the invention also relates to an article of fire protection clothing with a novel, breathable, moisture-transporting fabric as an inner layer.
  • the textile fabric can also be used in the leisure sector, for example, to manufacture functional undergarments.
  • Breathing fabric constructions such as, those sold under the name GORETEX ® .
  • Breathable fabrics are essentially water impermeable on one side, while they allow water vapor to escape through the fabric on the other side. These fabrics are used for articles of clothing, especially for jackets and coats and pants.
  • the fabric is waterproof, while, at the same time, it prevents the collection of water vapor under the coat caused by perspiration.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,272,685 describes a waterproof fabric that has at least two different layers.
  • German Patent DE 195 47 704 A1 describes a multilayered textile fabric consisting of two fabric layers with different denier values used to transport perspiration and other bodily fluids.
  • the fabric layers have a material from the group consisting of polyester, nylon and acrylic resin. This fabric, however, is not suitable for manufacturing protective clothing.
  • German Patent DE 43 07 501 A1 describes a multilayered textile fabric with an inner layer of microfibers, whereby the fabric has a wicking or capillary effect and improves the water vapor transport from the inside to the outside.
  • the described textile fabrics are used to manufacture sports clothing, leisure clothing and the like.
  • protective clothing for instance, for firefighters, is very heavy on its own.
  • the protective outfits provide protection by being massive, but this greatly limits the wearer's ability to move and leads to severe heat stress, thus considerably impairing the wearing comfort.
  • fire protection clothing has to meet national standards, for example, the standards DIN EN 469 or SN 054551.
  • the textile fabric 1 comprises at least two separate layers 2, 3 that are bonded to each other by means of dots or lines or else over the entire surface, whose warp and weft yarns consist of aramid yarns or aramid twisted threads or aramid filament yarns or yarns made of blended fibers containing polybenzimidazole and aramid fibers, whereby the layers 2, 3 have different individual fiber degrees of fineness in order to bring about a fineness gradient over the thickness 7 of the fabric 1, whereby the side 6 of the layer 3 that essentially faces the skin has the coarser individual fiber titer and the layer of the side 4 facing away from the skin has the finer individual fiber titer.
  • the fabric according to the invention while providing virtually identical thermal insulation, has a moisture absorption, relative to the square meter weight, that is about four to eight times as high in comparison to the prior art material.
  • the time within which the drops of perspiration are absorbed is less than one second with the material according to the invention.
  • this value is about five minutes.
  • the mode of action of the textile fabric 1 according to the invention can be described as follows.
  • the fabric 1 is composed of at least two separate single plies 2, 3 being bonded to each other at predefined positions 5 by the mean of selected bounding yarns which are part of the ply 3 which faces away from the skin.
  • the bounding yarns are woven or knitted or stitched through the ply 2 on the skin side.
  • the bounding yarns are visible on this predefined position on the skin side 6 in the form of dots.
  • the moisture formed on the skin is absorbed by the microfiber composing the bounding yarns forming the dots 5 located on the skin side 6, it is then transported by the capillary action of the microfibers along the bounding yarns to the back of the ply or layer 3 by means of capillary action and the preferred direction of the bounding yarns towards the ply 3 facing away from the skin.
  • On the side 6 which faces the skin it quickly evaporates due to the large surface of the waffle structure. Consequently, the side 6, which faces the skin, always remains relatively dry in comparison to normal material, for example, normal aramid lining fabric.
  • the multilayered, breathable textile fabric 1 is used to manufacture an article of work clothing, for example, for firefighters.
  • the textile fabric 1 consists of a base fabric, ply or layer 2 and a microfiber fabric, ply or layer 3, each layer 2,3 with warp and weft yarns.
  • the warp and weft yarns for each of the layers 2,3 can be made of aramid spun yarn (made from staple fiber) as well as multifilament continuous yarn can be used. Combinations are also possible. According to the invention, however, it is also possible to use phenol formaldehyde fibers, polyamide/polyimide fibers, polybenzimidazole fibers or fiber mixtures made of the above-mentioned fibers or else fiber mixtures with aramid yarns or else blended fibers containing polybenzimidazole and aramid fibers.
  • polyester and/or polyamide yarns can then used for either or both of the layers 2,3.
  • Such materials are fundamentally known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the aramid yarns consist of aramid fibers from the group made up of Nomex ® , Kevlar ® , Twaron ® , Technora ® , and Teijinconex ® .
  • Products such as Kynol ® are used as the phenol formaldehyde fibers and products such as Kermel ® are used as the polyamide/polyimide fibers.
  • Possible weaves are all basic woven or knit types of weaves and their variations.
  • the aramid fibers are natural colored or dyed.
  • the fabric layers 2, 3 have a square meter weight in the range from 50 to 450 g/m 2 .
  • the breathable fabric 1 is a duplex construction comprising at least two layers or plies 2, 3 that are bonded to each other.
  • the layers 2, 3 are bonded to each other by means of selected bounding yarns which are part of the ply 3 which faces away from the skin forming dots 5 or lines or else over the entire surface, whereby in one embodiment, the pattern shown in Figure 1 can be formed.
  • the individual microfiber dots 5 are each at a distance of x 1 in the weft direction and x 2 in the warp direction from each other as indicated in the Figure 1 .
  • the distances x 1 and x 2 should be selected in such a way that a water micro droplet on the surface 6 of the layer 2 facing the skin would touch at least one of the dots 5 or lines.
  • the base fabric or layer 2 according to the invention consists fundamentally of a basic woven or knit base fabric, whereby the layers 2, 3 have different individual fiber deniers, i.e., degrees of fineness of the individual fibers, in order to bring about a fineness gradient over the thickness 7 of the fabric 1.
  • the finer denier layer 3 is on the outside, that is to say, on the side 4 facing away from the skin.
  • this layer 3 has individual fiber titers of less than 1.3 dtex, especially less than 1 dtex.
  • the microfiber layer 3 has a highly structured surface 10.
  • the fibers used in the layer 3 are microfibers, i.e., a new generation of ultrafine-titer fibers. With these microfiber yarns, one can manufacture very windproof, fine-pored, water-repellant fabrics that have a soft hand but that are good at dissipating water vapor or moisture of a perspiring person. This effect is shown in Figure 2 . Perspiration 8 formed on the skin is picked up via the microfiber dots 5 and transported to the outside by the capillary action of the bounding yarns of the fabric 3 (wicking effect 9). This wicking effect 9 is necessary for the transport of moisture 8 (perspiration, condensation water) from the inside 6 to the outside 4.
  • the textile fabric 1 can be used in a fire-protection jacket.
  • the textile fabric 1 or insulating lining can be in a composite with other materials.
  • an article can be made comprising:
  • a blend of fibers commercially available from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wihnington, Delaware, U.S.A., under the trade name Nomex ® N301, having a cut length of 5 cm and consisting of:
  • Y1 had a linear density of Nm 40/1 or 250 dtex and a twist of 700 Turns Per Meter (TPM) in Z direction and it was subsequently treated with steam to stabilize its tendency to wrinkle. Two Y1 yarns were then plied and twisted together. The resulting plied and twisted yarn (TY1) had a linear density of Nm 40/2 or 500 dtex and a twist of 500 TPM in S direction. TY1 was used as warp yarn and weft yarn for the ply or base fabric 2 facing the skin.
  • TPM Turns Per Meter
  • Nomex ® T 450 having a cut length of 5 cm and consisting of 100% of poly-metaphenylene isophthalamide (meta-aramid), 1.1 dtex staple fibers
  • Y2 had a linear density ofNm 80/1 or 125 dtex and a twist of 1070 Turns Per Meter (TPM) in Z direction and it was subsequently treated with steam to stabilize its tendency to wrinkle.
  • TPM Turns Per Meter
  • Two Y2 yarns were then plied and twisted together.
  • the resulting plied and twisted yarn had a linear density of Nm 80/2 or 250 dtex and a twist of 750 TPM in S direction.
  • TY2 was used as warp yarn and weft yarn for the ply 3 facing away from the skin.
  • TY2 were also used as the bounding yarns between the two plies as they have the highest capillarity.
  • TY1 and TY2 were woven into a special double-face weave according to Sonja 0203 pattern as illustrated in Figures 3a-d .
  • This fabric 1 was tested as an innerliner thermal barrier used in a multi layer structure (Garment in Table I) which further comprised (1) an intermediate water barrier layer of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane laminate on a nonwoven fabric made of 85 wt-% Nomex ® and 15 wt-% Kevlar ® and having a specific weight of 135 g/m 2 (commercially available under the trade name GORETEX ® Fireblocker N from the company W. L. Gore and Associates, Delaware, U.S.A), and (2) an outershell having a specific weight of 195 g/m 2 and composed of a blend of fibers, commercially available from E. I du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A. under the trade name Nomex ® N305 having a cut length of 5 cm and consisting of:
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the FFF was 5.3 compared to the prior art or benchmark which is between 5.2 and 6.7.
  • This fabric 1 was also tested according to a water transmission test with a water drop of 60 ml applied with a syringe on the fabric 1. The test consisted of measuring the time for the penetration and absorption. This test was repeated for the ply 2 facing the skin alone without the second ply 3 and the bounding yarns. Results are in Table 2. TABLE 2 Sample Test Time for penetration Ply facing the skin alone Drop 1 2 sec. Drop 2 5 sec. Drop 3 3 sec. Drop 4 7 sec. Drop 5 3 sec. Average 4 sec. Fabric according to the invention Drop 1 immediate Drop 2 immediate Drop 3 immediate Drop 4 immediate Drop 5 immediate Average immediate Control fabric Drop 1 6 sec. Nomex ® comfort Quilted with Drop 2 7 sec. Felt 250g/m 2 Drop 3 7 sec. Drop 4 6 sec. Drop 5 8 sec. Average 7 sec.
  • This fabric 1 was tested according to a water absorption test method. The test consisted of applying a colored water drop of 20 ml on the ply of the fabric facing the skin fabric and measured after 60 seconds the size of the drop on the each layer of the sample. Results are in Tables 3 and 4. TABLE 3 Fabric according to the invention Ply facing the skin Test Size in mm Drop 1 6 Drop 2 6 Drop 3 6 Average 6 TABLE 4 Test Minimum Size in mm after penetration Maximum size in mm after penetration Ply facing away from the skin Drop 1 25 33 Drop 2 27 35 Drop 3 26 38 Control Drop 1 0 0 Nomex ® comfort Quilted with Drop 2 0 0 Felt 250g/m2 Drop 3 0 0
  • the fabric 1 was tested against moisture absorption on porous disk method STFI-Vorschr. PE03 from the Sambasisches Textilmaschine Institute, simulating the physiological properties of a fabric in contact with a wet skin. The moisture absorption was measured in g/dm 2 , and the relative moisture absorption was calculated according the fabric surface weight. The fabric 1 was also tested against the sweating guarded hot plate test ISO-11092 in order to obtain the Ret value. This fabric was compared with a control Fritsche 48101330022941 composed of a Nomex ® Comfort liner of 140 g/m 2 quilted with a Nomex ® knitted thermal barrier of 190 g/m 2 . The results are in Table 5. TABLE 5 Ret (M 2 Pa/W) Absolute moisture absorption (g/dm 2 ) Relative moisture absorption (%) Fabric 1 5.78 7.7 255 Function Control 6.86 2.4 67.5 Fritsche 48101330022941
  • This fabric 1 was tested according to the contact heat resistance test in accordance with prEN 702.
  • the threshold time t t (sec) at 100 °C was measured at 19.8 sec and was significantly better than a standard fabric out of Nomex ® N 307 having t t (sec) at 100 °C value of 18.4 sec.
  • the articles of clothing according to the invention can be made up as desired.
  • the fabric according to the invention is, of course, not limited to the use for manufacturing protective clothing.
  • the fabric can be used to manufacture leisure clothing, especially to manufacture functional undergarments.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Multi-Layer Textile Fabrics (AREA)
EP03777848A 2002-10-21 2003-10-21 Multilayered, breathable textile fabric Expired - Lifetime EP1555902B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10248999 2002-10-21
DE10248999A DE10248999B3 (de) 2002-10-21 2002-10-21 Mehrschichtiges, atmungsaktives textiles Flächengebilde
PCT/US2003/033701 WO2004037027A1 (en) 2002-10-21 2003-10-21 Multilayered, breathable textile fabric

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1555902A1 EP1555902A1 (en) 2005-07-27
EP1555902B1 true EP1555902B1 (en) 2008-02-27

Family

ID=32087062

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03777848A Expired - Lifetime EP1555902B1 (en) 2002-10-21 2003-10-21 Multilayered, breathable textile fabric

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1555902B1 (es)
JP (1) JP4344697B2 (es)
KR (1) KR101210061B1 (es)
CN (1) CN100405941C (es)
AU (1) AU2003286641A1 (es)
BR (1) BR0314494B1 (es)
CA (1) CA2503014C (es)
DE (2) DE10248999B3 (es)
ES (1) ES2300629T3 (es)
MX (1) MXPA05004160A (es)
WO (1) WO2004037027A1 (es)

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2416781A (en) * 2004-08-04 2006-02-08 Lightex Ltd Breathable fabric
ES2327883B1 (es) * 2006-07-18 2010-09-06 Tejidos Estambril, S.A. Tejido de proteccion termica.
DE102006052695A1 (de) 2006-11-07 2008-05-08 Ofa Bamberg Gmbh Elastischer Faden mit temperaturausgleichenden Materialien enthaltendem Umwindungsfaden
CN101126190B (zh) * 2007-09-25 2011-02-16 山东滨州亚光毛巾有限公司 一种无捻毛巾的生产方法
US7744999B2 (en) * 2008-07-11 2010-06-29 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Crystallized meta-aramid blends for improved flash fire and arc protection
CN102177016B (zh) * 2008-08-28 2015-11-25 泰科保健集团有限合伙公司 抗微生物纤维和相关制品与方法
CN101973148B (zh) * 2010-08-20 2014-02-12 圣欧芳纶（江苏）股份有限公司 一种防电弧织物、制作方法及其应用
WO2012126102A1 (en) * 2011-03-22 2012-09-27 Barrday Inc. Multilayer fabric platform designed for flame and thermal protection
KR101237692B1 (ko) * 2011-05-25 2013-02-26 유건영 이중편직물을 이용한 봉제장갑
EP3385418B1 (en) 2015-12-02 2021-07-14 Teijin Limited Fabric and protective product
CN105350341A (zh) * 2015-12-04 2016-02-24 江南大学 一种隔热织物的生产方法
JP6666129B2 (ja) * 2015-12-11 2020-03-13 帝人株式会社 布帛および繊維製品
WO2018153844A1 (en) * 2017-02-27 2018-08-30 Teijin Aramid Gmbh Textile fabric and workwear manufactured thereof
EP3901339B1 (en) 2018-12-17 2023-07-05 Teijin Limited Cloth and protective product
JP7311314B2 (ja) * 2019-05-30 2023-07-19 帝人株式会社 ２層布帛、および、それを用いた熱防護衣料
CN111764020B (zh) * 2020-05-27 2022-02-18 深圳全棉时代科技有限公司 一种多层纱布提花面料、空调被及织物产品

Family Cites Families (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3272685A (en) * 1964-05-05 1966-09-13 Kagan Joseph Woven waterproof fabrics
JPS63145496A (ja) * 1986-12-02 1988-06-17 日本フイルコン株式会社 製紙用多層織物
US5294258A (en) 1992-04-08 1994-03-15 Nordson Corporation Apparatus for producing an integral adhesive matrix
DE9205214U1 (de) * 1992-04-15 1992-06-11 Scheibler Peltzer Gmbh & Co, 4150 Krefeld Dreischichtige Textilbahn
US5468537A (en) * 1993-09-30 1995-11-21 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Protective garments comprising an outer shell fabric of woven aramid fibers which elongate when exposed to a flame
DE69426397T2 (de) * 1994-09-13 2001-07-19 Lion Apparel, Inc. Schutzbekleidung mit geschlossenzelliger schauminnenschicht
DE29501651U1 (de) * 1995-02-02 1995-04-13 Handschuhfabrik Seiz GmbH & Co. KG, 72555 Metzingen Schutzhandschuh
JPH0942894A (ja) * 1995-08-02 1997-02-14 Toray Ind Inc 防刃衣料
DE19547704C2 (de) * 1995-12-20 1999-03-25 Patrick Yeh Verbund-Textilstoff mit feuchtigkeitsleitenden Eigenschaften
WO2002018702A2 (en) * 2000-08-30 2002-03-07 Warwick Mills, Inc. Methods for improving the dyeability and puncture resistance of fabrics comprising high tenacity fibers and fabrics produced by such methods

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP4344697B2 (ja) 2009-10-14
DE10248999B3 (de) 2004-05-06
DE60319400T2 (de) 2009-03-12
JP2007535415A (ja) 2007-12-06
CA2503014C (en) 2011-07-26
KR20050073566A (ko) 2005-07-14
BR0314494A (pt) 2005-08-02
MXPA05004160A (es) 2005-06-22
ES2300629T3 (es) 2008-06-16
BR0314494B1 (pt) 2012-12-25
WO2004037027A1 (en) 2004-05-06
AU2003286641A1 (en) 2004-05-13
EP1555902A1 (en) 2005-07-27
CN1705445A (zh) 2005-12-07
CN100405941C (zh) 2008-07-30
DE60319400D1 (de) 2008-04-10
CA2503014A1 (en) 2004-05-06
KR101210061B1 (ko) 2012-12-07

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