EP1555139B1 - Sicherheitsdokumen mit Wasserzeichen - Google Patents

Sicherheitsdokumen mit Wasserzeichen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1555139B1
EP1555139B1 EP05075081A EP05075081A EP1555139B1 EP 1555139 B1 EP1555139 B1 EP 1555139B1 EP 05075081 A EP05075081 A EP 05075081A EP 05075081 A EP05075081 A EP 05075081A EP 1555139 B1 EP1555139 B1 EP 1555139B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
security document
watermark
brightness variation
brightness
security
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP05075081A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1555139A1 (de
Inventor
Henricus Anthonius Maria De Heij
Alwin Hendrikus Bernardus Theodorus Van Gelder
Thomas Buitelaar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
De Nederlandsche Bank NV
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De Nederlandsche Bank NV
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Publication date
Application filed by De Nederlandsche Bank NV filed Critical De Nederlandsche Bank NV
Publication of EP1555139A1 publication Critical patent/EP1555139A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1555139B1 publication Critical patent/EP1555139B1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a security document provided with a watermark, a sheet of printing paper for such a security document, a method for processing and/or detecting the watermark in such a security document and software for carrying out said method.
  • security characteristics are provided on security documents, particularly banknotes.
  • the various security characteristics serve various security purposes. There are for instance security characteristics on the basis of which the public can easily verify whether for instance a banknote is authentic.
  • An example of such a security characteristic is among other things the well-known watermark, such as for instance described in EP-A-1.273.461 of the applicant or present on the 50 euro banknote circulated on 1. January 2002, the security thread and the holograms and foil parts that are disposed on the banknotes.
  • security characteristics are disposed on quite some security documents, which characteristics can only be made visible using particular aids, for instance at a bank. Furthermore there are security characteristics that can for instance only be perceived by a central bank, and there are particular security characteristics relating to criminal investigation matters that can only be perceived with highly particular means. criminal investigation matters that can only be perceived with highly particular means.
  • the invention regards a security document provided with a watermark, wherein the watermark extends over the full security document and shows a continuous brightness variation over the full security document that is visually not or hardly visible under visible light, and/or using infrared radiation and/or ultraviolet radiation.
  • a watermark is a change of mass provided in a carrier, usually paper.
  • a carrier usually paper.
  • the carrier By holding the carrier “against the light", that means in front of a source of (artificial or day)light, a generally known watermark is visible.
  • the known watermark usually is also visible under infrared radiation.
  • the watermark according to the invention however, has such a brightness variation that it will not be visible in the usual manner without using aids. Moreover, also in order to render it virtually invisible, it extends over almost the full banknote.
  • the brightness variation of the watermark according to the invention as regards translucency (transmission) is hardly visible to the human eye at visible light.
  • the watermark on the other hand can indeed be made discernible at light visible to the human eye by using aids, such as by means of equipment such as image recorders such as digital (line scan) cameras. It can also be opted for that a watermark, whether or not as regards translucency, can be discerned by means of equipment using infrared radiation (IR) or ultraviolet radiation (UV).
  • IR infrared radiation
  • UV ultraviolet radiation
  • the watermark can be made such that it can be made visible by means of aids under either visible light, or under IR radiation, or under UV radiation or possibly under a combination thereof.
  • the watermark extends over almost the full security document. In such cases this means that the watermark extends over the full width and the full length.
  • the brightness may vary over the length only, the width only, or a combination of both.
  • the watermark according to the invention can also be combined with the already known visible watermark, such as a portrait watermark that is for instance used in banknotes.
  • the brightness of the watermark varies periodically or aperiodically undulatory.
  • production technology such a variation is easy to realise.
  • such a variation can rather easily be made such that visually the watermark cannot or hardly be seen.
  • the brightness of the watermark varies continuously along the longitudinal axis of the security document, the latitudinal axis of the security document, one or more diagonals of the security document, from a point on the security document either circular or not, or a combination thereof.
  • Each one of these options offers its own additional options.
  • Brightness variations varying along both axes, and particularly differently along both axes, offer additional options, as will become clear further below in this description.
  • the brightness of the watermark varies undulatory along a line in the plane of the security document, which line may or may not be imaginary.
  • the security document is further provided with a group indication for distinguishing groups of security documents.
  • a group indication may for instance be a denomination code (for instance 50) and/or a model code (for instance Euro series 2) and/or a code regarding the manufacturer of the paper and/or another code.
  • the security document is further provided with a location indication which is unique for each specimen or a specimen of the security document within a sheet of printing paper (for instance the position of a banknote in a sheet of printing paper).
  • the brightness variation of the watermark along a line in the plane of the security document, which line may or may not be imaginary depends on the group indication or at least on a part or subset of the specimen indication.
  • a brightness variation characteristic is selected from the group of the first derivative of the brightness variation, the second derivative of the brightness variation and a combination of the first and second derivative depending on the group indication or at least a part or subset of the specimen indication.
  • the security document has been obtained from a sheet of printing paper with a plurality of security documents, wherein the original position of the security document on the sheet of printing paper can be deduced from the brightness variation of the security document.
  • the security document has been obtained from a sheet of printing paper having columns and rows of similar security documents, wherein the brightness variation of each security document has a predetermined relation with the column and/or row of the security document on the sheet of printing paper so that the row and/or column from which the security document originates can be deduced.
  • the security document according to the invention is further provided with an indication that may or may not be visible.
  • Said indication for instance disposed by means of printing, security foil, or another characteristic, may have a relation with one of the above-mentioned characteristics of the watermark according to the invention, for instance a mathematic or other logic relation.
  • a value indication on the security document may have been disposed on the security document by means of printing, or the security document may have been provided with a further, visually visible watermark in which an image or another value has been disposed.
  • the value or other property of said image or said characteristic can be related to characteristics of the watermark according to the invention that cannot or hardly be seen visually.
  • the banknote may be provided with a value indication, such as 10.- Euro, 20.- Euro and 50.- Euro, and a characteristic of the watermark according to the invention can be related thereto.
  • a value indication such as 10.- Euro, 20.- Euro and 50.- Euro
  • a characteristic of the watermark according to the invention can be related thereto.
  • the value of the first or second derivative may depend on the value indication of a banknote.
  • the security document is a banknote.
  • the invention further relates to a method for processing a watermark in a security document as described above, for verification or determination of authenticity, wherein a image recording of the security document is made and stored in a first memory, a brightness variation is determined along a predefined line in the plane of the security document, and at least one parameter is determined from the brightness variation.
  • a measurement parameters can be determined that visually cannot be determined at all, such as for instance the first and second derivative of the brightness variation along a line.
  • the image recording is normalised with respect to a reference image for determining the brightness variation.
  • the invention furthermore regards computer software for, once implemented on a computer, carrying out the method steps of the method as described above.
  • the invention further regards a sheet of printing paper on which several security documents according to the above description can be printed in rows and columns, comprising a watermark over the entire sheet of printing paper having an continuously varying brightness variation which visually is not or hardly visible under visible light and/or using infrared radiation, and/or using ultraviolet radiation and which along a line, that may or may not be imaginary, selected from the group consisting of the length, the width and the diagonals of the sheet of printing paper varies almost undulatory, wherein a position or positions of minimum and/or maximum values of the brightness of the watermark along the line are situated at a different location per security document.
  • the brightness variation can be coupled to other characteristics of the security document, such as for instance a group indication or group code (denomination, model, manufacturer).
  • a place/location indication can also be given (column and/or row on the sheet of printing paper).
  • a banknote for instance a denomination indication or serial number.
  • the brightness variation may be periodical or aperiodical.
  • the brightness variation as regards translucency is not or hardly visible to the human eye.
  • the brightness variation is periodically undulatory.
  • a continuous function more preferably a function that can be differentiated twice at least.
  • the brightness variation is sinusoidal.
  • Figure 1A shows a security document 1 provided with a watermark extending over the full security document 1.
  • a watermark extending over the full security document 1.
  • the brightness of the watermark here varies almost sinusoidal along line L, the longitudinal axis of the security document.
  • the watermark has a first minimum brightness 2, a maximum brightness 3 and a second minimum brightness 2'.
  • Figure 1B again shows a security document 1, this time having a watermark again extending over the full security document, wherein this time the brightness varies almost sinusoidal along the imaginary line L over the width of the security document again having a maximum brightness 3 and minimum brightnesses 2 and 2'.
  • the brightness differences between the maximum and minimum values and the variation of the brightness between the maximum and minimum values will be such that visually it is not or hardly visible.
  • Figure 1C shows an embodiment of the security document 1 provided with a watermark extending over almost the full security document, wherein the brightness along the diagonal L varies almost sinusoidal.
  • the diagonal can both be selected from top left to bottom right and from top right to bottom left.
  • Figure 2A shows a curve of the brightness along the imaginary line L indicated in the figures which line varies almost sinusoidal.
  • the wavelength of said sinusoid almost corresponds with the length of the security document.
  • Figure 2B shows an alternative embodiment wherein the brightness variation shows several maximum values (3, 3') and minimum values (2, 2', 2"). In this case it has to be observed each time that the minimum and maximum brightnesses and the variation between them are such that visually they are not or hardly perceptible.
  • Figure 2C shows a curve of the brightness of the watermark along a line L that may or may not be imaginary, wherein the brightness variation is not a sinusoid.
  • the brightness variation again has several maximum values 3, 3'and several minimum values 2, 2', 2".
  • FIG. 3A shows another alternative embodiment of the watermark, wherein the brightness along the imaginary line L does not vary periodically this time.
  • Figure 3B shows another alternative for the brightness variation along imaginary line L, wherein the variation is not sinusoid (banknote for instance has been turned a quarter turn).
  • Figure 4 shows various characteristics that can be used for identifying the brightness variation of the watermark according to the invention.
  • the first derivative 13, and as the occasion arises the second derivative 12 may be used as shades of the brightness variation.
  • the positions and values of the first and second derivative may among other things be used to verify the authenticity of the security document.
  • Figure 5 shows what happens in case of fraud wherein two parts of security documents that originally were not part of the same document are joined.
  • the derivative of the brightness variation will show a step. A machine and maybe even the naked eye, depending on the minimum and maximum brightnesses of the watermark, will be able to perceive this.
  • Figure 6 shows an application of the watermark and security document according to the invention on a larger scale, wherein a sheet of printing paper 7 is shown provided with security documents 1 in rows 9 and columns 8.
  • the watermark is disposed over almost the entire sheet of printing paper.
  • the watermark is periodical, having a period that almost corresponds with the width of a security document.
  • Figure 7A shows a security document provided with a watermark over almost the full surface of the sheet of printing paper.
  • the watermark here has a period that does not correspond with the width of a security document, particularly a period selected such that the watermark on each security document has a maximum and a minimum value situated at another position.
  • Figure 7B shows a cross-section of various watermarks originating from one sheet of printing paper, wherein it is clearly shown that the derivative varies continuously from the one banknote to the other banknote.
  • Figure 8A and 8B show an occurring fraud with for instance banknotes.
  • the strips are cut from banknotes, each time a slightly bigger strip of a next banknote, wherein the strips are compiled into a new banknote.
  • FIG 8A a strip of an authentic banknote is used. It can be seen that by cutting a strip from an existing banknote that has also been provided with a watermark, wherein the watermarks over various banknotes vary differently each time, the brightness of the watermark no longer varies continuously.
  • a strip of an authentic banknote instead of a strip of an authentic banknote a strip of a counterfeit banknote is inserted. Said strip is indicated with 18. In this case it can very clearly be seen that the brightness varies discontinuously as the strip 18 is not provided with a watermark at all.

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Editing Of Facsimile Originals (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Sicherheitsdokument (1) mit einem Wasserzeichen versehen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Wasserzeichen sich über das ganze Sicherheitsdokument (1) erstreckt und unter wahrnehmbarem Licht, und/oder mit Hilfe von Infrarotstrahlung und/oder mit Ultraviolettstrahlung einen kontinuierlichen und visuell nicht oder kaum wahrnehmbaren Helligkeitsverlauf über das ganze Sicherheitsdokument (1) zeigt.
  2. Sicherheitsdokument nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Helligkeit des Wasserzeichens was die Lichtdurchlässigkeit betrifft, periodisch oder aperiodisch wellenförmig variiert.
  3. Sicherheitsdokument nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Helligkeit des Wasserzeichens entlang der Längsachse des Sicherheitsdokuments, der Breitenachse des Sicherheitsdokuments, einer oder mehrerer Diagonalen des Sicherheitsdokuments, aus einem Punkt auf dem Sicherheitsdokument entweder kreisförmig oder nicht, oder eine Kombination davon, kontinuierlich variiert.
  4. Sicherheitsdokument nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, wobei die Helligkeit des Wasserzeichens entlang einer Linie (I) in der Fläche des Sicherheitsdokuments wellenförmig variiert, wobei die Linie entweder imaginär sein kann oder nicht.
  5. Sicherheitsdokument nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, weiter mit einer Gruppenandeutung für das Unterscheiden von Gruppen Sicherheitsdokumente versehen.
  6. Sicherheitsdokument nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, weiter mit einer Exemplarandeutung versehen, die für jedes Exemplar des Sicherheitsdokuments oder ein Exemplar oder eine Position des Sicherheitsdokuments innerhalb eines Druckblatts (7) einzigartig ist.
  7. Sicherheitsdokument nach Anspruch 5, wobei der Helligkeitsverlauf des Wasserzeichens was die Lichtdurchlässigkeit betrifft entlang einer Linie (I) in der Fläche des Sicherheitsdokuments von der Gruppenandeutung oder von zumindest einem Teil oder einer Teilsammlung der Exemplarandeutung abhänging ist, wobei die Linie entweder imaginär sein kann oder nicht.
  8. Sicherheitsdokument nach Anspruch 7, wobei das Helligkeitsverlaufkennzeichen ausgewählt aus der Gruppe von der ersten Ableitung des Helligkeitsverlaufs, die zweite Ableitung des Helligkeitsverlaufs und eine Kombination der ersten und zweiten Ableitung, von der Gruppenandeutung oder zumindest einem Teil oder einer Teilsammlung der Exemplarandeutung abhängig ist.
  9. Sicherheitsdokument nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Sicherheitsdokument aus einem Druckblatt (7) mit mehreren Sicherheitsdokumenten erhalten ist, wobei aus dem Helligkeitsverlauf des Wasserzeichens des Sicherheitsdokuments, die ursprüngliche Position des Sicherheitsdokuments auf dem Druckblatt (7) abzuleiten ist.
  10. Sicherheitsdokument nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Sicherheitsdokument aus einem Druckblatt mit Spalten (8) und Reihen (9) von ähnlichen Sicherheitsdokumenten erhalten ist, wobei der Helligkeitsverlauf von jedem Sicherheitsdokument einen vorabbestimmten Zusammenhang mit der Spalte (8) und/oder Reihe (9) des Sicherheitsdokuments auf dem Druckblatt (7) hat, so daß die Reihe und/oder Spalte wovon das Sicherheitsdokument stammt, abgeleitet werden kann.
  11. Sicherheitsdokument nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Sicherheitsdokument eine Banknote ist.
  12. Sicherheitsdokument nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Helligkeitsverlauf was die Lichtdurchlässigkeit betrifft oder bei Transmission von wahrnehmbarem Licht für das menschliche Auge nicht oder kaum wahrnehmbar ist.
  13. Verfahren zum Verarbeiten und/oder Detektieren eines Wasserzeichens in einem Sicherheitsdokument (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche für Nachprüfung oder Echtheitsprüfung, wobei eine Bildaufnahme des Sicherheitsdokuments (1) gemacht wird und in einem ersten Speicher gespeichert wird, ein Helligkeitsverlauf entlang einer zuvor definierten (I) Linie in der Fläche des Sicherheitsdokuments (1) bestimmt wird, und aus dem Helligkeitsverlauf zumindest ein Parameter bestimmt wird.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, wobei die Bildaufnahme bezüglich eines Referenzbilds für Bestimmung des Helligkeitsverlaufs normalisiert wird.
  15. Computersoftware für das, wenn auf einem Computer implementiert, Ausführen der Verfahrenschritte nach Ansprüchen 13 oder 14.
  16. Druckblatt (7) worauf mehrere Sicherheitsdokumente (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche in Reihen (9) und Spalten (8) gedruckt werden können, umfassend ein Wasserzeichen über das ganze Druckblatt (7) und einem unter wahrnehmbarem Licht, und/oder mit Hilfe von Infrarotstrahlung und/oder mit Ultraviolettstrahlung kontinuierlich variierenden Helligkeitsverlauf, der visuell nicht oder kaum wahrnehmbar ist und der entlang einer Linie (I), die entweder imaginär sein kann oder nicht, aus der Gruppe bestehend aus der Länge, der Breite und den Diagonalen des Druckblatts ausgewählt, nahezu wellenförmig variiert, wobei eine Position oder Positionen von Mindestwerten (2,2') und/oder Maximalwerten (3) der Helligkeit des Wasserzeichens entlang der Linie (I) pro Sicherheitsdokument (1) an einer anderen Position gelegen sind.
  17. Druckblatt nach Anspruch 16, wobei der Helligkeitsverlauf periodisch wellenförmig ist.
  18. Druckblatt nach Anspruch 17, wobei der Helligkeitsverlauf nahezu sinusförmig ist.
  19. Druckblatt nach Ansprüchen 16, 17 oder 18, wobei der Helligkeitsverlauf was die Lichtdurchlässigkeit betrifft für das menschliche Auge kaum oder nicht wahrnehmbar ist.
EP05075081A 2004-01-15 2005-01-10 Sicherheitsdokumen mit Wasserzeichen Active EP1555139B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1025258A NL1025258C2 (nl) 2004-01-15 2004-01-15 Waardedocument voorzien van een watermerk.
NL1025258 2004-01-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1555139A1 EP1555139A1 (de) 2005-07-20
EP1555139B1 true EP1555139B1 (de) 2006-12-06

Family

ID=34617601

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05075081A Active EP1555139B1 (de) 2004-01-15 2005-01-10 Sicherheitsdokumen mit Wasserzeichen

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1555139B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE347492T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602005000299D1 (de)
NL (1) NL1025258C2 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009133332A1 (en) 2008-05-02 2009-11-05 De La Rue International Limited Method and apparatus for determining authenticity
GB2460670B (en) 2008-06-04 2010-05-05 Rue De Int Ltd Improvements in security documents
DE102009036615A1 (de) * 2009-08-07 2011-02-10 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Sicherheitspapier mit Wasserzeichen
US9544466B2 (en) 2014-10-09 2017-01-10 Xerox Corporation Security compliance checking of documents

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5538290A (en) * 1993-05-05 1996-07-23 Formtronics, Inc. Method and apparatus for inhibiting the copying of checks and negotiable documents
NL1018485C2 (nl) * 2001-07-06 2003-01-08 Nl Bank Nv Serie waardedocumenten voorzien van een watermerk in de vorm van een streepjescode.
DE10213794B4 (de) * 2002-03-27 2010-04-01 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Sicherheitspapier, Sicherheits- und Wertdokument, sowie Verfahren und Papiersieb zur Herstellung eines Sicherheitspapiers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL1025258C2 (nl) 2005-07-18
ATE347492T1 (de) 2006-12-15
EP1555139A1 (de) 2005-07-20
DE602005000299D1 (de) 2007-01-18

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