EP1555139A1 - Document de securité avec filigrane - Google Patents

Document de securité avec filigrane Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1555139A1
EP1555139A1 EP05075081A EP05075081A EP1555139A1 EP 1555139 A1 EP1555139 A1 EP 1555139A1 EP 05075081 A EP05075081 A EP 05075081A EP 05075081 A EP05075081 A EP 05075081A EP 1555139 A1 EP1555139 A1 EP 1555139A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
security document
watermark
brightness variation
brightness
security
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05075081A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1555139B1 (fr
Inventor
Henricus Anthonius Maria De Heij
Alwin Hendrikus Bernardus Theodorus Van Gelder
Thomas Buitelaar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
De Nederlandsche Bank NV
Original Assignee
De Nederlandsche Bank NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by De Nederlandsche Bank NV filed Critical De Nederlandsche Bank NV
Publication of EP1555139A1 publication Critical patent/EP1555139A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1555139B1 publication Critical patent/EP1555139B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a security document provided with a watermark, a sheet of printing paper for such a security document, a method for processing and/or detecting the watermark in such a security document and software for carrying out said method.
  • security characteristics are provided on security documents, particularly banknotes.
  • the various security characteristics serve various security purposes. There are for instance security characteristics on the basis of which the public can easily verify whether for instance a banknote is authentic.
  • An example of such a security characteristic is among other things the well-known watermark, such as for instance described in EP-A-1.273.461 of the applicant, the security thread and the holograms and foil parts that are disposed on the banknotes.
  • security characteristics are disposed on quite some security documents, which characteristics can only be made visible using particular aids, for instance at a bank. Furthermore there are security characteristics that can for instance only be perceived by a central bank, and there are particular security characteristics relating to criminal investigation matters that can only be perceived with highly particular means.
  • the invention regards a security document provided with a watermark, wherein the watermark extends over the full security document and shows a continuous brightness variation over the security document that is visually not or hardly visible under visible light, and/or using infrared radiation and/or ultraviolet radiation.
  • the specific watermark offers the possibility of offering a security characteristic which enables to easily perceive first of all whether an attempt at fraud has been made, and in particular whether an attempt at fraud has been made wherein the carrier of the security document, that means the paper or optionally the synthetic material, has been changed physically.
  • a watermark is a change of mass provided in a carrier, usually paper.
  • a carrier usually paper.
  • the carrier By holding the carrier “against the light", that means in front of a source of (artificial or day)light, a generally known watermark is visible.
  • the known watermark usually is also visible under infrared radiation.
  • the watermark according to the invention however, has such a brightness variation that it will not be visible in the usual manner without using aids. Moreover, also in order to render it virtually invisible, it extends over almost the full banknote.
  • the brightness variation of the watermark according to the invention as regards translucency (transmission) is hardly visible to the human eye at visible light.
  • the watermark on the other hand can indeed be made discernible at light visible to the human eye by using aids, such as by means of equipment such as image recorders such as digital (line scan) cameras. It can also be opted for that a watermark, whether or not as regards translucency, can be discerned by means of equipment using infrared radiation (IR) or ultraviolet radiation (UV).
  • IR infrared radiation
  • UV ultraviolet radiation
  • the watermark can be made such that it can be made visible by means of aids under either visible light, or under IR radiation, or under UV radiation or possibly under a combination thereof.
  • the watermark extends over almost the full security document. In such cases this means that the watermark extends over the full width and the full length.
  • the brightness may vary over the length only, the width only, or a combination of both.
  • the watermark according to the invention can also be combined with the already known visible watermark, such as a portrait watermark that is for instance used in banknotes.
  • the brightness of the watermark varies periodically or aperiodically undulatory.
  • production technology such a variation is easy to realise.
  • such a variation can rather easily be made such that visually the watermark cannot or hardly be seen.
  • the brightness of the watermark varies continuously along the longitudinal axis of the security document, the latitudinal axis of the security document, one or more diagonals of the security document, from a point on the security document either circular or not, or a combination thereof.
  • Each one of these options offers its own additional options.
  • Brightness variations varying along both axes, and particularly differently along both axes, offer additional options, as will become clear further below in this description.
  • the brightness of the watermark varies undulatory along a line in the plane of the security document, which line may or may not be imaginary.
  • the security document is further provided with a group indication for distinguishing groups of security documents.
  • a group indication may for instance be a denomination code (for instance 50) and/or a model code (for instance Euro series 2) and/or a code regarding the manufacturer of the paper and/or another code.
  • the security document is further provided with a location indication which is unique for each specimen or a specimen of the security document within a sheet of printing paper (for instance the position of a banknote in a sheet of printing paper).
  • the brightness variation of the watermark along a line in the plane of the security document, which line may or may not be imaginary depends on the group indication or at least on a part or subset of the specimen indication.
  • a brightness variation characteristic is selected from the group of the first derivative of the brightness variation, the second derivative of the brightness variation and a combination of the first and second derivative depending on the group indication or at least a part or subset of the specimen indication.
  • the security document has been obtained from a sheet of printing paper with a plurality of security documents, wherein the original position of the security document on the sheet of printing paper can be deduced from the brightness variation of the security document.
  • the security document has been obtained from a sheet of printing paper having columns and rows of similar security documents, wherein the brightness variation of each security document has a predetermined relation with the column and/or row of the security document on the sheet of printing paper so that the row and/or column from which the security document originates can be deduced.
  • the security document according to the invention is further provided with an indication that may or may not be visible.
  • Said indication for instance disposed by means of printing, security foil, or another characteristic, may have a relation with one of the above-mentioned characteristics of the watermark according to the invention, for instance a mathematic or other logic relation.
  • a value indication on the security document may have been disposed on the security document by means of printing, or the security document may have been provided with a further, visually visible watermark in which an image or another value has been disposed.
  • the value or other property of said image or said characteristic can be related to characteristics of the watermark according to the invention that cannot or hardly be seen visually.
  • the banknote may be provided with a value indication, such as 10.- Euro, 20.- Euro and 50.- Euro, and a characteristic of the watermark according to the invention can be related thereto.
  • a value indication such as 10.- Euro, 20.- Euro and 50.- Euro
  • a characteristic of the watermark according to the invention can be related thereto.
  • the value of the first or second derivative may depend on the value indication of a banknote.
  • the security document is a banknote.
  • the invention further relates to a method for processing a watermark in a security document as described above, for verification or determination of authenticity, wherein a image recording of the security document is made and stored in a first memory, a brightness variation is determined along a predefined line in the plane of the security document, and at least one parameter is determined from the brightness variation.
  • a measurement parameters can be determined that visually cannot be determined at all, such as for instance the first and second derivative of the brightness variation along a line.
  • the image recording is normalised with respect to a reference image for determining the brightness variation.
  • the invention furthermore regards computer software for, once implemented on a computer, carrying out the method steps of the method as described above.
  • the invention further regards a sheet of printing paper on which several security documents according to the above description can be printed in rows and columns, comprising a watermark over almost the entire sheet of printing paper having an almost continuously varying brightness variation which visually is not or hardly visible under visible light and/or using infrared radiation, and/or using ultraviolet radiation and which along a line, that may or may not be imaginary, selected from the group consisting of the length, the width and the diagonals of the sheet of printing paper varies almost undulatory, wherein a position or positions of minimum and/or maximum values of the brightness of the watermark along the line are situated at a different location per security document.
  • the brightness variation can be coupled to other characteristics of the security document, such as for instance a group indication or group code (denomination, model, manufacturer).
  • a place/location indication can also be given (column and/or row on the sheet of printing paper).
  • a banknote for instance a denomination indication or serial number.
  • the brightness variation may be periodical or aperiodical.
  • the brightness variation as regards translucency is not or hardly visible to the human eye.
  • the brightness variation is periodically undulatory.
  • a continuous function more preferably a function that can be differentiated twice at least.
  • the brightness variation is almost sinusoidal.
  • the invention further regards a watermark for securing a security document, extending over almost the full security document and showing an almost continuous brightness variation over the security document which is visually hardly visible under visible light, and/or using infrared radiation, and/or ultraviolet radiation.
  • the above-mentioned watermark is combined with a watermark that as regards translucency is visible to the human eye at visible light.
  • a watermark that as regards translucency is visible to the human eye at visible light.
  • An example thereof is the generally known watermark in banknotes, such as the portrait watermark.
  • Such a watermark can be considered a coded watermark, but itself is also often provided with an additional code. During detection said watermark will also produce a detectable signal.
  • the two different codes that means of the known watermark and the watermark according to the invention, thus together form a new code.
  • Said code can be encrypted, so that determination of the authenticity of the security document takes place based on detection of both watermarks.
  • the watermark according to the invention and the visible watermark have been encrypted into a code.
  • the brightness variation as regards translucency when using visible light is not or hardly visible to the human eye.
  • Figure 1A shows a security document 1 provided with a watermark extending over the full security document 1.
  • a watermark extending over the full security document 1.
  • the brightness of the watermark here varies almost sinusoidal along line L, the longitudinal axis of the security document.
  • the watermark has a first minimum brightness 2, a maximum brightness 3 and a second minimum brightness 2'.
  • Figure 1B again shows a security document 1, this time having a watermark again extending over the full security document, wherein this time the brightness varies almost sinusoidal along the imaginary line L over the width of the security document again having a maximum brightness 3 and minimum brightnesses 2 and 2'.
  • the brightness differences between the maximum and minimum values and the variation of the brightness between the maximum and minimum values will be such that visually it is not or hardly visible.
  • Figure 1C shows an embodiment of the security document 1 provided with a watermark extending over almost the full security document, wherein the brightness along the diagonal L varies almost sinusoidal.
  • the diagonal can both be selected from top left to bottom right and from top right to bottom left.
  • Figure 2A shows a curve of the brightness along the imaginary line L indicated in the figures which line varies almost sinusoidal.
  • the wavelength of said sinusoid almost corresponds with the length of the security document.
  • Figure 2B shows an alternative embodiment wherein the brightness variation shows several maximum values (3, 3') and minimum values (2, 2', 2"). In this case it has to be observed each time that the minimum and maximum brightnesses and the variation between them are such that visually they are not or hardly perceptible.
  • Figure 2C shows a curve of the brightness of the watermark along a line L that may or may not be imaginary, wherein the brightness variation is not a sinusoid.
  • the brightness variation again has several maximum values 3, 3'and several minimum values 2, 2', 2".
  • FIG. 3A shows another alternative embodiment of the watermark, wherein the brightness along the imaginary line L does not vary periodically this time.
  • Figure 3B shows another alternative for the brightness variation along imaginary line L, wherein the variation is not sinusoid (banknote for instance has been turned a quarter turn).
  • Figure 4 shows various characteristics that can be used for identifying the brightness variation of the watermark according to the invention.
  • the first derivative 13, and as the occasion arises the second derivative 12 may be used as shades of the brightness variation.
  • the positions and values of the first and second derivative may among other things be used to verify the authenticity of the security document.
  • Figure 5 shows what happens in case of fraud wherein two parts of security documents that originally were not part of the same document are joined.
  • the derivative of the brightness variation will show a step. A machine and maybe even the naked eye, depending on the minimum and maximum brightnesses of the watermark, will be able to perceive this.
  • Figure 6 shows an application of the watermark and security document according to the invention on a larger scale, wherein a sheet of printing paper 7 is shown provided with security documents 1 in rows 9 and columns 8.
  • the watermark is disposed over almost the entire sheet of printing paper.
  • the watermark is periodical, having a period that almost corresponds with the width of a security document.
  • Figure 7A shows a security document provided with a watermark over almost the full surface of the sheet of printing paper.
  • the watermark here has a period that does not correspond with the width of a security document, particularly a period selected such that the watermark on each security document has a maximum and a minimum value situated at another position.
  • Figure 7B shows a cross-section of various watermarks originating from one sheet of printing paper, wherein it is clearly shown that the derivative varies continuously from the one banknote to the other banknote.
  • Figure 8A and 8B show an occurring fraud with for instance banknotes.
  • the strips are cut from banknotes, each time a slightly bigger strip of a next banknote, wherein the strips are compiled into a new banknote.
  • FIG 8A a strip of an authentic banknote is used. It can be seen that by cutting a strip from an existing banknote that has also been provided with a watermark, wherein the watermarks over various banknotes vary differently each time, the brightness of the watermark no longer varies continuously.
  • a strip of an authentic banknote instead of a strip of an authentic banknote a strip of a counterfeit banknote is inserted. Said strip is indicated with 18. In this case it can very clearly be seen that the brightness varies discontinuously as the strip 18 is not provided with a watermark at all.
EP05075081A 2004-01-15 2005-01-10 Document de securité avec filigrane Active EP1555139B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1025258 2004-01-15
NL1025258A NL1025258C2 (nl) 2004-01-15 2004-01-15 Waardedocument voorzien van een watermerk.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1555139A1 true EP1555139A1 (fr) 2005-07-20
EP1555139B1 EP1555139B1 (fr) 2006-12-06

Family

ID=34617601

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05075081A Active EP1555139B1 (fr) 2004-01-15 2005-01-10 Document de securité avec filigrane

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1555139B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE347492T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE602005000299D1 (fr)
NL (1) NL1025258C2 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009147393A1 (fr) 2008-06-04 2009-12-10 De La Rue International Limited Améliorations relatives aux documents de sécurité
EP2281280A1 (fr) * 2008-05-02 2011-02-09 De La Rue International Limited Procédé et appareil de détermination de l' authenticité
WO2011015295A3 (fr) * 2009-08-07 2011-07-21 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Papier de sûreté comportant un filigrane
US9544466B2 (en) 2014-10-09 2017-01-10 Xerox Corporation Security compliance checking of documents

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1273461A2 (fr) 2001-07-06 2003-01-08 De Nederlandsche Bank N.V. Ensemble de documents de sécurité avec une filigrane sous forme d'une code à barres
WO2003080365A2 (fr) * 2002-03-27 2003-10-02 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Element de securite

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5538290A (en) * 1993-05-05 1996-07-23 Formtronics, Inc. Method and apparatus for inhibiting the copying of checks and negotiable documents

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1273461A2 (fr) 2001-07-06 2003-01-08 De Nederlandsche Bank N.V. Ensemble de documents de sécurité avec une filigrane sous forme d'une code à barres
WO2003080365A2 (fr) * 2002-03-27 2003-10-02 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Element de securite

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CENTRAL EUROPEAN BANK: "50 euro note", CENTRAL EUROPEAN BANK, no. v14757742291, 1 January 2002 (2002-01-01), EUROPEAN COMMUNITY, XP002329100 *
H. DE HEIJ: "design and methodology of dutch banknotes", OPTICAL SECURITY AND COUNTERFEIT DETERRENCE TECHNIQUES III, vol. 3973, 27 January 2000 (2000-01-27) - 28 January 2000 (2000-01-28), SAN JOSE CALIFORNIA USA, pages 6 - 8, XP002295603 *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2281280A1 (fr) * 2008-05-02 2011-02-09 De La Rue International Limited Procédé et appareil de détermination de l' authenticité
CN102047296A (zh) * 2008-05-02 2011-05-04 德拉鲁国际有限公司 用于确定真实性的方法和设备
US8655044B2 (en) 2008-05-02 2014-02-18 De La Rue International Limited Method and apparatus for determining authenticity
CN102047296B (zh) * 2008-05-02 2015-11-25 德拉鲁国际有限公司 用于确定真实性的方法和设备
WO2009147393A1 (fr) 2008-06-04 2009-12-10 De La Rue International Limited Améliorations relatives aux documents de sécurité
WO2011015295A3 (fr) * 2009-08-07 2011-07-21 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Papier de sûreté comportant un filigrane
US9544466B2 (en) 2014-10-09 2017-01-10 Xerox Corporation Security compliance checking of documents

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1555139B1 (fr) 2006-12-06
DE602005000299D1 (de) 2007-01-18
ATE347492T1 (de) 2006-12-15
NL1025258C2 (nl) 2005-07-18

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