EP1554238A2 - Liquides ioniques contenant un anion de sulfonate - Google Patents

Liquides ioniques contenant un anion de sulfonate

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Publication number
EP1554238A2
EP1554238A2 EP03788606A EP03788606A EP1554238A2 EP 1554238 A2 EP1554238 A2 EP 1554238A2 EP 03788606 A EP03788606 A EP 03788606A EP 03788606 A EP03788606 A EP 03788606A EP 1554238 A2 EP1554238 A2 EP 1554238A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composition
group
anion
cation
docusate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03788606A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
James H. Davis, Jr.
Roger Moulton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of South Alabama
Sachem Inc
Original Assignee
University of South Alabama
Sachem Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University of South Alabama, Sachem Inc filed Critical University of South Alabama
Publication of EP1554238A2 publication Critical patent/EP1554238A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
    • C07C309/01—Sulfonic acids
    • C07C309/28—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton
    • C07C309/57—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton containing carboxyl groups bound to the carbon skeleton
    • C07C309/58—Carboxylic acid groups or esters thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
    • C07C309/63—Esters of sulfonic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
    • C07C309/63—Esters of sulfonic acids
    • C07C309/64—Esters of sulfonic acids having sulfur atoms of esterified sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C309/70—Esters of sulfonic acids having sulfur atoms of esterified sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton substituted by carboxyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids

Definitions

  • the present inventions pertain to compositions comprising an ionic liquid comprising a Docusate anion, a docusate variant anion, or other sulfonate anion, and processes for making said compositions.
  • Ionic liquids are salts that are liquid at ambient or near ambient temperatures. Ionic liquids have a number of uses that include replacing organic solvents in chemical processes and reactions, extracting organic compounds from aqueous waste streams, and as electrolytes in devices such as capacitors and batteries. This is because, unlike conventional organic solvents, ionic liquids are non-volatile and non-flammable. These properties are advantageous to help reduce losses to evaporation, eliminate volatile organic emissions, and improve safety.
  • ionic liquids have a broad temperature range at which they remain liquid and also are stable over a broad pH range. This is beneficial for high temperature processes with a demanding pH.
  • some ionic liquid systems can be used as both a solvent and catalyst.
  • [bmim]-Al 2 Cl 7 and [emim]-Al 2 Cl 7 can be employed as a solvent and catalyst in Friedel-Crafts reactions wherein bmim is 1 >utyl-3memylimidazolium and emim is 1-ethyl- 3 -methylimidazolium.
  • the compounds comprise either a docusate or other sulfonate anion and are made via simple processes that are capable of producing ionic liquids having a high purity.
  • ionic liquid means a salt comprising a cation and an anion.
  • the salt or hydrate or solvate of the salt
  • An ionic liquid may comprise two or more different salts, e.g., mixtures of salts comprising two or more different cations, anions, or both.
  • the ionic liquids of the present inventions are often hydrated or solvated. Thus, both hydrates and solvates are considered to be within the definition of "ionic liquid.”
  • hydrophilic ionic liquid means an ionic liquid which is partially or wholly miscible with water.
  • hydrophobic ionic liquid means an ionic liquid which is relatively immiscible with water, i.e., forms two phases at ambient conditions.
  • composition includes a mixture of the materials that comprise the composition, as well as, products formed by the reaction or the decomposition of the materials that comprise the composition.
  • derived from means made or mixed from the specified materials, but not necessarily composed of a simple mixture of those materials.
  • Substances “derived from” specified materials may be simple mixtures of the original materials, and may also include the reaction products of those materials, or may even be wholly composed of reaction or decomposition products of the original materials.
  • halo means chloro, bromo, fluoro, or iodo
  • arylene means a divalent aromatic group such as phenylene, napthylenylene, biphenylene, antracenylene, phenanthrenylene, etc.
  • heteroarylene means a divalent heteroaromatic group such as pyrrolene, furanylene, thiophenylene, pyridinylene, etc.
  • alkylene means a divalent alkane group which may be substituted with one or more heteroatoms such as nitrogen or oxygen
  • cycloalkylene means a divalent cycloalkane group which may be substituted with one or more heteroatoms such as nitrogen or oxygen
  • alkenylene means a divalent alkene group which may be substituted with one or more heteroatoms such as nitrogen or oxygen.
  • Docusate is the anion of the bis(2-ethylhexyl)ester of sulfosuccinic acid.
  • the chemical formula of Docusate (anion) is C 20 H 37 O 7 S " .
  • docusate variant is taken to include the compounds described by chemical structures I and III described below and includes the anions of bis(organo)ester derivatives of sulfosuccinic acid and anions of bis(organoamide) derivatives of sulfosuccinic acid.
  • any numerical values recited herein include all values from the lower value to the upper value in increments of one unit provided that there is a separation of at least 2 units between any lower value and any higher value.
  • the amount of a component or a value of a process variable such as, for example, temperature, pressure, time and the like is, for example, from 1 to 90, preferably from 20 to 80, more preferably from 30 to 70, it is intended that values such as 15 to 85, 22 to 68, 43 to 51, 30 to 32 and the like, are expressly enumerated in this specification.
  • one unit is considered to be 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01 or 0.1 as appropriate.
  • the ionic liquid of the present invention comprise one or more compounds.
  • the ionic liquid may be a pure compound or may be a mixture of compounds.
  • Each compound comprises an anion or a mixture of anions and a cation or a mixture of cations as described below.
  • anions of compounds of the instant invention include those having a chemical structure selected fromR l3 R 2 , t and R 5 in Structure I and II above are independently selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkenyl groups.
  • the alkyl or alkenyl groups of Ri, R 2 , R 4 and R 5 should have a sufficient number of carbon atoms so that the ionic liquid has the desired properties. For example, if a hydrophobic ionic liquid is desired then the total number of carbon atoms in the ionic liquid will typically be more than if a hydrophilic ionic liquid is desired. However, if there are too many carbon atoms in the anion then the ionic liquid may be less useful as an ionic liquid due to a decline in properties such as vapor pressure, dipole moment, polarity, etc.
  • R 1; R 2, t and R 5 are preferably independently selected from alkyl groups having about five or more carbon atoms, preferably from about six to about eighteen carbon atoms.
  • R ⁇ R 2] t and R 5 is
  • This group is useful for the properties it gives to the ionic liquid and for its cost and convenience to manufacture.
  • R 3 in structure I above is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, heteroarylene group, arylene group, or cycloalkylene group.
  • R 3 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group and even more preferably R 3 is -(CH 2 ) n - wherein n is an integer of from about one to about 10.
  • R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are independently selected from hydrogen (H) or another substituent such as, for example, alkyl, NO 2 , halo, cyano, silyl, and OH.
  • R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are H.
  • two or more adjacent substitutents such as or Ri and R 2 , R ⁇ and R 5; R ⁇ and R 7 , and/or R 7 and R 8 may be taken together to form a ring such as a 5-7 membered carbocyclic ring.
  • carbocyclic rings include cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl rings.
  • R ls R 2 , R 3 , R , R5, R ⁇ , R-7, and R 8 may optionally be substituted with one or more substituents.
  • the type of the substituent is not particularly critical so long as the compound or mixture of compounds has the desired ionic liquid properties.
  • the substituents usually include typical and non-typical organic subsitituents such as those selected from the group consisting of alkyl, NO , halo, cyano, silyl, OH, and other suitable substituents.
  • the substituent group itself may often be further branched.
  • Another exemplary anion that can be used to make ionic liquids is a docusate variant having the following chemical structure:
  • R 2 , R 3 , R t , and R 5 in chemical structure III can be independently selected from a hydrogen atom (H) or a carbon-containing group, e.g., akyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, benzyl, akyl-ether, etc.
  • the anion source is a sodium salt of the 2-ethylhexyl amide sulfonate salt, which can be synthesized using known techniques having the benefit of this Specification.
  • an anion was prepared having the above chemical structure III with R and R 5 each being a 2-ethylhexyl group, R 2 and R 4 each being a hydrogen atom, and R 3 being a methylene group.
  • Two different ionic liquids were prepared using this anion by first isolating it as a sodium salt and then reacting it with a source of two different cations.
  • the cation in one of the ionic liquids was tetrabutylammonium cation.
  • the cation in the other ionic liquid was l-methyl-3-hexyl imidazolium.
  • a second anion was prepared having the above chemical structure III with Ri and R 5 each being a 2-ethylhexyl group, R 2 and R 4 each being an ethyl group, and R 3 being a methylene group.
  • Two more ionic liquids were prepared using this anion by first isolating it as a sodium salt and then (in separate experiments) reacting it with a source of the same two cations mentioned above, namely tetrabutylammonium cation and 1- methyl-3-hexyl imidazolium.
  • each of the R groups in chemical structure III could vary in length or composition and still give rise to an ionic liquid when combined with an suitable cation, e.g., an onium cation.
  • the cation of the ionic liquid to be produced is not particularly critical so long as the ionic liquid has properties to make it suitable for its intended use.
  • Typical useful cations include, for example, "onium" cations.
  • Onium cations include cations such as substituted or unsubstituted ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium cations.
  • Preferred onium cations include, for example, substituted or unsubstituted N-alkyl or N-aryl pyridinium, pyridazinium, pyrimidinium, pyrazinium, imidazolium, pyrazolium, thiazolium, oxazolium, triazolium, imidazolinium, memylpyrrolidinium, isothiazolium, isoxazolium, oxazolium, pyrrolium, and thiophemum.
  • the substituents include one or more of the following groups: halo, alkyl, and aryl groups such as phenyl.
  • alkylene radical thereby forming a ring structure converging on N.
  • the alkyl, phenyl, and alkylene radicals may be further substituted.
  • Another particularly preferred cation is an ammonium cation substituted by one or more groups such as alkyl and aryl groups such as phenyl. Many such cations and substituted cations are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,827,602 and 5,965,054, which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • Suitable cations include BMIM, tetrabutyl ammonium, tributylmethyl ammonium, tetrabutyl phosphonium, tetraethyl ammonium, N, N - dialkyl pyrrolidinium, trimethyl 2-hydroxyethyl ammonium, N, N' - dialkyl imidazolium, N-alkylpyridinium, or mixtures thereof.
  • the cation may be an onium cation and optionally contains more than 4 carbon atoms.
  • the ionic liquid compounds of structures I-II may be conveniently made by a number of different processes.
  • One process which is suitable for making hydrophobic or hydrophilic ionic liquids or mixtures of the present invention comprises using metathesis, i.e., a double decomposition reaction, whereby the reaction of two or more compounds forms two or more new compounds - one of which is the ionic liquid.
  • metathesis i.e., a double decomposition reaction
  • reacting [bmimJCl with sodium docusate will yield [bmim]docusate and NaCl.
  • the two or more compounds produced by the metathesis reaction can then be separated by any means.
  • the manner of contacting the two or more compounds to form the ionic liquid is not particularly important so long as the desired reaction occurs.
  • the compounds can be mixed in any order, can be formed in situ, or can be mixed together with a solvent such as water which is at least partially miscible and does not significantly react with any of the compounds.
  • the starting compounds are often readily available and, in addition, many syntheses are available to those skilled in the art to make the desired starting compounds.
  • the mixing conditions may vary depending on the specific compounds employed and the desired product. In most instances, it is acceptable to contact the compounds and an optional solvent such as water or dichloromethane at ambient pressure and a temperature high enough for the reaction to occur efficiently but not so high as to decompose or boil off any starting compound.
  • the contacting temperature may range from about 75 to about 110 °C, preferably from about 85 to about 100 °C. When v/ater is used as a solvent, temperatures of about 75 to about 110 °C are sometimes preferable because this tends to breaks up emulsions which typically form between the ionic liquid and water.
  • the preferred temperature is typically substantially lower, usually around room temperature, e.g., 25 °C or slightly above room temperature.
  • room temperature e.g. 25 °C or slightly above room temperature.
  • any heating element may be employed as the compounds are mixed or the starting compounds can be heated separately and then mixed.
  • any vessel or reactor can be employed so long as it is of adequate size and material. Often it is beneficial to employ a stirring means to facilitate the reaction.
  • the increased temperature is maintained for at least a sufficient time until the desired reaction has occurred to the desired extent. In some instances, it may be desirable to maintain the increased temperature for a longer time than it takes to complete the reaction. In this manner, any water or lower boiling components that are formed as byproducts or present as solvents can be removed by boiling.
  • the amount of each of the starting compounds may vary depending upon the desired yield. In general, high yields are often obtained by using about the stoichiometric amount of reactants, i.e., about a 1:1 ratio. However, as one skilled in the art will appreciate, different reaction conditions may alter the ratio of reactants at which the optimum yield occurs.
  • an ionic liquid mixture comprising two or more different salts
  • it can be accomplished by employing a mixture of three or more different compounds so that a variety of salts are formed.
  • the resulting ionic liquid salt mixture can then be used as a mixture or, if desired, individual salts can be separated by routine means.
  • the ionic liquid or ionic liquid mixture may be recovered from the solvent and/or reaction mixture by any suitable means the most efficient of which may vary depending upon the type and desired purity of the ionic liquid or mixture. Suitable means of recovery include rotary evaporation or distillation, azeotropic distillation, ion chromatography, liquid liquid extraction, crystallization, pervaporization, drying agents, and reverse osmosis.
  • hydrophobic ionic liquids are often not very soluble in the water which is often used as a reaction medium. Therefore, simple liquid-liquid extraction can be used to separate the hydrophobic ionic liquid from the soluble byproduct. In contrast, hydrophilic ionic liquids are often miscible with the byproduct. Consequently, a different separation method, e.g., solvent extraction, can be employed. For example, it may be desirable or necessary to use a hydrophobic solvent like an alkyl chloride, e.g. methylene chloride, to extract the ionic liquid. Characteristics and Uses of Ionic Liquids of the Present Invention
  • the purity of ionic liquids produced by the processes of this invention can often be greater than 55%, preferably greater than 60%, more preferably greater than 70%, most preferably greater than 80%. This is often advantageous for processes that require high purity materials such as in the electronics industry.
  • the ionic liquids are also preferably hydrophobic and thus useful in many processes as a substitute for an orgamc solvent and in mixtures with catalysts such as ZnCl 2 , CuCl 2 , A1C1 3 , and organic catalysts.
  • the ionic liquids of the present invention are also often useful in mixtures with hydrocarbons such as alkanes, e.g., hexane.
  • hydrocarbons such as alkanes, e.g., hexane.
  • the mixtures often do not hold static electricity charge and thus will not ignite or explode readily.
  • tetrabutylammonium docusate is soluble in supercritical carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
  • CO 2 supercritical carbon dioxide
  • supercritical applications using CO 2 typically operate at temperatures between above 32° C and pressures above about 1,070 psi. It is believed that the docusate and docusate variant based ionic liquids are useful adjuvants, additives, and detergents for addition to supercritical CO 2 for cleaning, synthesis, and separations applications.
  • docusate and docusate variant based ionic liquids are useful antistatic additives for fuel applications and polymer applications.
  • the docusate and docusate variant based ionic liquids tend to be partially or fully miscible with hydrocarbons (e.g., alkanes such as hexane) and can be added to fuels as anti-static additives.
  • hydrocarbons e.g., alkanes such as hexane
  • These ionic liquids can also be added to polymers, e.g., polyvinylacetate, as an anti-static additive.
  • two or more ionic liquids are blended together to form an improved reaction solvent. It is believed that Lewis Acid ionic liquids can be advantageously blended with ionic liquids based upon docusate or docusate variants to form an improved reaction solvent that provides better mixing between reactants to improve reaction kinetics. Because the docusate and docusate variant ionic liquids tend to be at least relatively miscible with the hydrocarbon streams, they tend to inhibit the formation of two phases and improve the mixing and contact between the reactants.
  • Lewis Acid ionic liquids that are believed to be useful in making blends with the sulfonate anion (e.g., docusate and docusate variant) ionic liquids of the present invention are disclosed in copending U.S. Application entitled “Lewis Acid Ionic Liquids,” filed on August 15, 2003 and invented by Roger Moulton (Serial No. currently unknown), which is incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.
  • Exemplary Lewis Acid ionic liquids useful in these blends include ionic liquids having (i) a cation selected from ammonium, sulfonium, and phosphonium cations and having less than 14 total carbon atoms; and (ii) an anion having the formula AlyR3y+l wherein y is greater than 0 and R is independently selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group and halogen group.
  • a suitable anion for the Lewis Acid ionic liquid in the blend is aluminum chloride anion.
  • a suitable cation for the Lewis Acid ionic liquid is tetraalkylammonium.
  • Suitable substituents include, for example, halogens such as chloride, bromide, or iodide.
  • Particularly preferred tetralakylammomum cations include trimethylethyl ammonium, trimethyl chloromethyl ammonium, trimethylbutyl ammonium, and tributyl methyl ammonium.
  • Another suitable cation for the Lewis Acid ionic liquid are the N-alkyl substituted saturated heterocycles such as piperidinium and morpholinium.
  • piperidinium substituted on the nitrogen with an alkoxy or alkyl group such as - (CH 2 ) 2 OMe, butyl, or propyl are particularly beneficial.
  • Pyrolidine-based cations can also be employed.
  • the cation may include ether functionality (e.g., NCH2CH2OCH3 + ).
  • the cation may include halogenated alkyl groups.
  • Exemplary Lewis Acid ionic liquids for the blend include ionic liquids having an aluiriinum chloride anion and a cation sourced from an ammonium salt such as MeBu3N Cl, Me3PentylN Cl, Me3ButylN Cl, MeEt3N Cl, Me2Et2N Cl, Cl-CH2-NMe3 Cl, orN-methyl- N-Butyl Pyrolidinium Cl.
  • Lewis Acid ionic liquids include N-alkyl substituted piperidinium heptachlorodialuminate, trimethyl chloromethyl ammonium heptachlorodialuminate, trimethylbutyl ammonium heptachlorodialuminate, and tributyl methyl ammonium heptachlorodialuminate.
  • Example 1 The ionic liquids of Examples 2-5 in Table 1 below were made substantially as in the same manner as Example 1 except that approximately 1 mole of the starting material in Table 1 was substituted for the 1 mole of tetrabutylammonium bromide in Example 1. Table 1
  • the ionic liquids of Examples 6-10 in Table 2 below were made by dissolving sodium docusate in dichloromethane and in a separate flask dissolving the starting material of Table 2 in dichloromethane. The two solutions were mixed and stirred for approximately 12 hours. The solutions were then filtered to remove precipitated solid salts, then evaporated to thick syrups. The thick syrups are then extracted with diethyl ether, hexanes or a mixture thereof, again filtering to removed solid salts. After rotary evaporation, the residues are redissolved in hexane/ether and the process of filtration repeated (using progressively smaller fractions of ether in the mix) until no further solids were formed. The resulting salts are then washed with water to effect a final removal of inorganic salts, after which they are dried in vacuo. Table 2
  • the ionic liquids of Examples 6-10 were generally hydrophobic ionic liquids.
  • l-hexyl-3 -methyl imidazolium docusate contacting it with 40 volume percent or less of water resulted in the formation of two phases, even after agitation.
  • agitation produced a stiff, visibly monophasic gel. Addition of additional water to the gel, followed by agitation, resulted in the formation of two phases again.
  • This example details the synthesis of a tetrabutyl ammonium molten salt of the amide having chemical formula III above.
  • One-tenth of a mole (50g) of the sodium salt of the amide-sulfonate salt having chemical structure III above (with R 2 and R_ ⁇ being CH 2 CH 3 , Rl and R5 each being a 2-ethylhexyl group, and R 3 being CH 2 ) was dissolved in 250 mL of dichloromethane, and one-tenth mole (32g) of tetrabutyl ammonium bromide was added as a solid. The mixture was stirred for a day, after which time the solution was filtered first through filter paper and then through a short plug of silica gel.
  • the eluted dichloromethane solution was quickly washed with water, dried over magnesium sulfate, and the solvent removed in vacuo, leaving the desired product in high yield (64g, 89%).
  • the product salt is soluble in both water and in several common orgamc solvents, such as dichloromethane and acetone.
  • the melting range of the resulting salt was less than about 30°C because the product was a viscous oil at room temperature.
  • the product salt included Bis (N-ethyl-N-(2- ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate diamide) anion paired with tetrabutyl ammonium cation. Examples 12-19
  • the water layer was extracted with three successive 50 mL portions of dichloromethane, which were combined, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and evaporated, leaving the desired product (13g, 73% yield).
  • the melting range of the resulting salt was less than about 30°C because the product was a viscous oil at room temperature.
  • the melting range of the resulting salts was less than about 80°C and typically between about 40°C and 80°C.
  • the octyl and heptyl docusate variants had lower melting ranges as indicated by the fact that they were a viscous liquids at room temperature.
  • the structure and composition of the ionic liquids was determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy.
  • docusate salts (2-ethylhexylsulfosuccinate diester)
  • the spectra consist simply of resonances arising from the anion superimposed on those of the cation.
  • resonances originating from the anion were (with minor variations) within the following ranges: (300 Mhz, CDC13, d: 0.73-0.83 (triplets), 1.24-1.70 (overlapping multiplets), 3.05-3-31 (complex m), 3.90-4.25 ( overlapping m)

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Abstract

L'invention concerne de nouveaux liquides ioniques comprenant un docusate, un variant de docusate ou autre anion de sulfonate. Les liquides ioniques peuvent commodément être obtenus par le biais, par exemple, de la métathèse. Les liquides ioniques, souvent hydrophobes, sont utiles dans de nombreuses compositions d'hydrocarbures, compositions polymères et dans des applications de dioxyde de carbone supercritique. Les liquides ioniques peuvent empêcher l'accumulation de l'électricité statique dans les compositions d'hydrocarbures et, par conséquent, minimiser leur inflammabilité et/ou explosivité.
EP03788606A 2002-08-16 2003-08-15 Liquides ioniques contenant un anion de sulfonate Withdrawn EP1554238A2 (fr)

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PCT/US2003/025815 WO2004016570A2 (fr) 2002-08-16 2003-08-15 Liquides ioniques contenant un anion de sulfonate

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CA (1) CA2495384A1 (fr)
IN (1) IN2005CH00398A (fr)
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WO2004016570A3 (fr) 2004-11-25
KR20060025515A (ko) 2006-03-21
AU2003263889A1 (en) 2004-03-03
AU2003263889A8 (en) 2004-03-03
IN2005CH00398A (fr) 2007-09-07
JP2006510581A (ja) 2006-03-30
CA2495384A1 (fr) 2004-02-26
WO2004016570A2 (fr) 2004-02-26

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