EP1547953A1 - Dispositif de reprise et d'individualisation de fils sortant d'une machine de traitement - Google Patents
Dispositif de reprise et d'individualisation de fils sortant d'une machine de traitement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1547953A1 EP1547953A1 EP04360100A EP04360100A EP1547953A1 EP 1547953 A1 EP1547953 A1 EP 1547953A1 EP 04360100 A EP04360100 A EP 04360100A EP 04360100 A EP04360100 A EP 04360100A EP 1547953 A1 EP1547953 A1 EP 1547953A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wires
- wire
- individual
- sensor
- speed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H54/00—Winding, coiling, or depositing filamentary material
- B65H54/02—Winding and traversing material on to reels, bobbins, tubes, or like package cores or formers
- B65H54/10—Winding and traversing material on to reels, bobbins, tubes, or like package cores or formers for making packages of specified shapes or on specified types of bobbins, tubes, cores, or formers
- B65H54/20—Winding and traversing material on to reels, bobbins, tubes, or like package cores or formers for making packages of specified shapes or on specified types of bobbins, tubes, cores, or formers forming multiple packages
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H59/00—Adjusting or controlling tension in filamentary material, e.g. for preventing snarling; Applications of tension indicators
- B65H59/38—Adjusting or controlling tension in filamentary material, e.g. for preventing snarling; Applications of tension indicators by regulating speed of driving mechanism of unwinding, paying-out, forwarding, winding, or depositing devices, e.g. automatically in response to variations in tension
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H59/00—Adjusting or controlling tension in filamentary material, e.g. for preventing snarling; Applications of tension indicators
- B65H59/38—Adjusting or controlling tension in filamentary material, e.g. for preventing snarling; Applications of tension indicators by regulating speed of driving mechanism of unwinding, paying-out, forwarding, winding, or depositing devices, e.g. automatically in response to variations in tension
- B65H59/384—Adjusting or controlling tension in filamentary material, e.g. for preventing snarling; Applications of tension indicators by regulating speed of driving mechanism of unwinding, paying-out, forwarding, winding, or depositing devices, e.g. automatically in response to variations in tension using electronic means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H59/00—Adjusting or controlling tension in filamentary material, e.g. for preventing snarling; Applications of tension indicators
- B65H59/38—Adjusting or controlling tension in filamentary material, e.g. for preventing snarling; Applications of tension indicators by regulating speed of driving mechanism of unwinding, paying-out, forwarding, winding, or depositing devices, e.g. automatically in response to variations in tension
- B65H59/384—Adjusting or controlling tension in filamentary material, e.g. for preventing snarling; Applications of tension indicators by regulating speed of driving mechanism of unwinding, paying-out, forwarding, winding, or depositing devices, e.g. automatically in response to variations in tension using electronic means
- B65H59/388—Regulating forwarding speed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H63/00—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions ; Quality control of the package
- B65H63/02—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions ; Quality control of the package responsive to reduction in material tension, failure of supply, or breakage, of material
- B65H63/024—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions ; Quality control of the package responsive to reduction in material tension, failure of supply, or breakage, of material responsive to breakage of materials
- B65H63/028—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions ; Quality control of the package responsive to reduction in material tension, failure of supply, or breakage, of material responsive to breakage of materials characterised by the detecting or sensing element
- B65H63/032—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions ; Quality control of the package responsive to reduction in material tension, failure of supply, or breakage, of material responsive to breakage of materials characterised by the detecting or sensing element electrical or pneumatic
- B65H63/0321—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions ; Quality control of the package responsive to reduction in material tension, failure of supply, or breakage, of material responsive to breakage of materials characterised by the detecting or sensing element electrical or pneumatic using electronic actuators
- B65H63/0324—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions ; Quality control of the package responsive to reduction in material tension, failure of supply, or breakage, of material responsive to breakage of materials characterised by the detecting or sensing element electrical or pneumatic using electronic actuators using photo-electric sensing means, i.e. the defect signal is a variation of light energy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
- B65H2701/30—Handled filamentary material
- B65H2701/31—Textiles threads or artificial strands of filaments
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of the textile industry, particularly son processing machines, such as steaming, resumption of son of beams, or others and has for object a device for taking up and individualizing wires coming out of a machine treatment.
- the wire to be treated has good mechanical strength and a large linear density, it is possible to treat several simultaneously, in a process called a multi-wire process.
- more than one son to be treated is deposited jointly in the form of parallel turns on the means of transport and pass through the enclosure of steaming, then are cooled and wound separately.
- This winding is carried out by means of a winder having as many winding units co-deposited wires, the winding units operating from synchronously.
- Such a single-wire method has, however, a certain number of disadvantages. Indeed, to obtain a production consequently, it is necessary to implement a large number of treatment units. However, when working with very fine threads, and because of the limitation of the working speed according to the mechanical resistance son, the production of such sets of single-line processing units is greatly reduced.
- the present invention aims to overcome these disadvantages by proposing a device for recovery and individualization of wires emerging from a processing machine for regulating the speed of the wires out of a processing machine, before further processing.
- said device intended to be mounted at the output of a yarn processing machine, such as a vaporizer, rework machine of string wires, or the like, essentially consists of at least one means of individualizing wires, comprising individual elements of wire guide and a pull-back assembly of the individual threads, and by at least one individual means for controlling the presence of the wires and regulating the speed of the threads, so as to produce on said threads a slack corresponding to a trajectory of undulating shape before their treatment in downstream.
- a yarn processing machine such as a vaporizer, rework machine of string wires, or the like
- FIG. 1 of the attached drawings represents, by way of example, a device, intended to be mounted at the output of a son-processing machine, such as a steaming machine, recovery of string son or other.
- a son-processing machine such as a steaming machine, recovery of string son or other.
- this device is essentially constituted by at least one means 1 for individualizing wires, comprising individual wire guiding elements 2 and a pickup assembly traction individualized son, and by at least one individual means 4, 4 'of monitoring the presence of wires and regulating the speed of wires, in order to produce on said wires a slack corresponding to a trajectory of undulating form before their downstream treatment.
- This device is represented at as an example, with a vertical circulation of the wire 3. However, it is It is also possible to operate the device with circulation of son horizontally.
- the downstream treatment of the wires 3 may consist, for example, as shown in FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings, in a straight or conical in a winder 5 having winding devices 6 to crenellated rollers 6 'or fly or mobile eyelets (not shown). AT this effect, the winder 5 is provided, in a manner known per se, with devices 7 for guiding and pre-tensioning the wires 3 wound individually on coils 8 of said winder 5. Downstream processing may also consist in other thread processing operations individually.
- the elements 2 individual guide wire 3 and the assembly of traction recovery of the son individualized means and the individual means 4, 4 'of control of the presence of the wires and the regulation of the speed of the wires are advantageously mounted on a chassis 9 for support and fixation on a machine of downstream processing 5 or on an independent chassis (not shown).
- the individual wire guiding elements 2 are presented advantageously each in the form of an eyelet mounted on an arm 2 ' secured to the frame 9 and extending upstream of the recovery assembly by pulling individual threads 3.
- This set of traction recovery of individualized son 3 is present in the form of at least one drive cylinder 10 actuated at constant speed by a motor 11 and cooperating at each thread individual 3, with a pressure roller 12.
- the son 3 from a upstream processing machine can be perfectly individualized by passing through the eyelets 2 which are assigned to them and then, by passage between the drive cylinder 10 and the pressure roller 12, they are pulled under Constant voltage and speed out of jacks or other devices provided at the output of the upstream processing machine.
- the traction recovery assembly of the individualized wires 3, illustrated by way of example in FIGS. 1, 2, 4 and 5, is only adapted to the However, it is obvious that such a set can extend over a large width and be provided with a number important pressure rollers 12 corresponding to an equivalent number of individual threads 3 of a web of threads from a machine of treatment.
- the individual means 4, 4 'of presence control of the son 3 and regulating the speed of said wires 3 consist essentially of sensor pairs 4, 4 'mounted on the support frame 9 and assigned each to a thread 3, individualized via the recovery set wires 3, these pairs of sensors being each arranged downstream of a pressure roller 12 for feeding the corresponding wire 3 and cooperating with a electronic device (not shown) for controlling and regulating means 6-6 'for pulling the threads 3 of a downstream processing machine 5.
- the sensors forming the individual means 4, 4 'each comprise a photoelectric or optical cell 41, 41 'whose detection axis extends in a recess 42, 42 'of said sensor.
- one, 4, sensors is arranged near the drive roller 10 and the pressure roller 12, downstream of these, and the axis of its cell 41 crosses perpendicularly the trajectory of the wire 3 at the exit of said roller 10 and roller drive 12, while the other sensor 4 'is disposed at a distance from the first sensor 4 and with an offset with respect to the rectilinear trajectory of the wire in upstream thereof, this other sensor 4 'being provided with an eyelet 13 of guiding the wire 3, extending after said sensor 4 'and the cell 41' and mounted on said sensor 4 'via a support 14 ( Figures 1 to 5).
- Thread 3 from the son pickup assembly 3 is then routed, after the 4 ', to a downstream processing machine and is guided by through one or more eyelets 15 (Figure 1). It results from this offset assembly of the sensors 4 and 4 'that the wire 3 tends to extend in bias between the sensor 4 'and the drive rollers 10 and presser 12 ( Figure 4 and 5), when the wire 3 receives a certain tension between these two elements.
- downstream processing machine 5 is a winder and the means 6-6 ' pulling threads 3 are roller winding devices 6 crenellated 6 '.
- the device electronic control and regulation means 6-6 'traction son 3 of a downstream processing machine 5 can advantageously be constituted in the form of a programmable controller integrating a detection of presence of wires at the cells 41, 41 'of the sensors 4, 4' and the speed of the thread 3 at the level of the means 6-6 'for pulling the threads 3 of the downstream processing machine 5.
- the device according to the invention operates from the following way:
- Each wire then passes into the recess corresponding 42 of the sensor 4, then is threaded into the eyelet 13 of the sensor 4 ' corresponding and then in an eyelet 15 of a processing machine into downstream 5 to be brought into it, via a device 7 of guiding and pre-tensioning means 6-6 'traction.
- the cell 41 of the sensor 4 extending immediately downstream drive rollers 10 and presser 12 and the cell 41 'of the sensor 4' extending immediately before the eyelet 13 can detect the presence of a slack on the wire 3 corresponding to a shape trajectory undulating of the wire.
- Such slack is particularly necessary in the presence of very fine and very fragile son having to undergo a very limited tension.
- the electronic device of control and regulation cooperating with the sensors 4, 4 'forming the individual means for controlling the presence of the wires 3 and regulating the speed of said wires 3, delivers a signal for regulating the speed of said means 6, 6 'tending to lower the speed of traction of the latter so that the wire 3 takes a path of undulating shape between the sensors 4 and 4 ', this trajectory extending through one of its strands in the recess 42 'of the sensor 4'.
- the wire 3 brought to constant speed by the recovery assembly of the device according to the invention forms a undulating trajectory whose strands are detected by the two sensors 4 and 4 '.
- the electronic control device delivers an end signal of slowing down allowing the yarn to pull at a steady speed corresponding substantially to that of supplying said wire to the sensors 4, 4 '.
- a single multi-zone sensor detecting different positions of the wire 3, that is to say at least that corresponding to the undulating shape and that corresponding to a voltage of the wire 3.
- a sensor can, for example, be constituted by a multipositions detector sweeping simultaneously multiple zones or by a detector type radar to Doppler effect.
- the electronic control device allows, in addition, also to take into account the differential speed of traction that the wire 3 can undergo, for example, in the case of a winding on a conical coil (FIG. 1), as well as swirling during winding. In such cases, the speed winding undergoes variations causing more or less on the wire 3. These variations in traction speed can be taken into account by the device according to the invention.
- the invention it is possible to produce a device for recovery and individualization of son exiting a processing machine allowing a perfect separation of several son treated simultaneously in upstream and their individual recovery at constant voltage. This is particularly interesting in the case of recovery of very fine and fragile threads.
- the problem of loops is producing during steaming can be solved to a large extent.
- the loops vaporizing tend to, despite the treatment, tend to maintain a degree of elasticity that could lead to the formation of knots following a pull on the thread.
- the loops deposited for steaming have a more important step, namely at least two or even three or more, due to alternating turns from several wires, which leads to a natural ability of said wires to separate, to so that their tendency to reform a loop or a node is considerably lessened.
- the device according to the invention allows to increase the productivity of the upstream processing unit.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (9)
- Dispositif, destiné à être monté en sortie d'une machine de traitement de fils, telle qu'une machine de vaporisage, de reprise de fils d'ensouples, ou autre, essentiellement constitué par au moins un moyen (1) d'individualisation de fils, comportant des éléments individuels (2) de guidage de fil (3) et un ensemble de reprise par traction des fils individualisés, et par au moins un moyen individuel (4, 4') de contrôle de présence des fils et de régulation de la vitesse des fils, de manière à réaliser sur lesdits fils un mou correspondant à une trajectoire de forme ondulante avant leur traitement en aval.
- Dispositif, suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les éléments individuels (2) de guidage de fil (3) et l'ensemble de reprise par traction des fils individualisés, ainsi que le ou les moyens individuels (4, 4') de contrôle de présence des fils et de régulation de la vitesse des fils sont montés sur un châssis (9) de support et de fixation sur une machine de traitement en aval (5) ou sur un châssis indépendant.
- Dispositif, suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les éléments individuels (2) de guidage de fil (3) se présentent chacun sous forme d'un oeillet monté sur un bras (2') solidaire du châssis (9) et s'étendant en amont de l'ensemble de reprise par traction des fils individualisés (3).
- Dispositif, suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble de reprise par traction des fils individualisés (3) se présente sous forme d'au moins un cylindre d'entraínement (10) actionné à vitesse constante par un moteur (11) et coopérant, au niveau de chaque fil individuel (3), avec un rouleau presseur (12).
- Dispositif, suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 4, caractérisé en ce que les moyens individuels (4, 4') de contrôle de présence des fils (3) et de régulation de la vitesse desdits fils (3) consistent essentiellement en des paires de capteurs (4, 4') montés sur le châssis de support (9) et affectés chacune à un fil (3), individualisé par l'intermédiaire de l'ensemble de reprise des fils (3), ces paires de capteurs étant disposées chacune en aval d'un rouleau presseur (12) d'amenée du fil (3) correspondant et coopérant avec un dispositif électronique de commande et de régulation de moyens (6-6') de traction des fils (3) d'une machine de traitement en aval (5).
- Dispositif, suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1, 4 et 5, caractérisé en ce que les capteurs formant les moyens individuels (4, 4') comportent chacun une cellule photo-électrique ou optique (41, 41') dont l'axe de détection s'étend dans un évidement (42, 42') dudit capteur.
- Dispositif, suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'un (4) des capteurs est disposé à proximité du rouleau d'entraínement (10) et du rouleau presseur (12), en aval de ces derniers, et l'axe de sa cellule (41) coupe perpendiculairement la trajectoire du fil (3) à la sortie desdits rouleau d'entraínement (10) et rouleau presseur (12), tandis que l'autre capteur (4') est disposé à distance du premier capteur (4) et avec un décalage par rapport à la trajectoire rectiligne du fil en amont de celui-ci, cet autre capteur (4') étant pourvu d'un oeillet (13) de guidage du fil (3), s'étendant après ledit capteur (4') et la cellule (41') et monté sur ledit capteur (4') par l'intermédiaire d'un support (14).
- Dispositif, suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 4 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif électronique de commande et de régulation de moyens (6-6') de traction des fils (3) d'une machine de traitement en aval (5) est constitué sous forme d'un automate programmable intégrant une détection de présence de fils au niveau des cellules (41, 41') des capteurs (4, 4') et la vitesse du fil (3) au niveau des moyens (6-6') de traction des fils (3) de la machine de traitement en aval (5).
- Dispositif, suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un moyen individuel de contrôle de présence des fils (3) sous forme d'un capteur unique multizones détectant différentes positions du fil (3), c'est-à-dire au moins celle correspondant à la forme ondulante et celle correspondant à une tension du fil (3).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL04360100T PL1547953T3 (pl) | 2003-12-23 | 2004-11-03 | Urządzenie do odbierania i rozdzielania nici wychodzących z maszyny obrabiającej |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0315278 | 2003-12-23 | ||
FR0315278A FR2864055B1 (fr) | 2003-12-23 | 2003-12-23 | Dispositif de reprise et d'individualisation de fils sortant d'une machine de traitement |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1547953A1 true EP1547953A1 (fr) | 2005-06-29 |
EP1547953B1 EP1547953B1 (fr) | 2009-05-13 |
Family
ID=34531338
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04360100A Not-in-force EP1547953B1 (fr) | 2003-12-23 | 2004-11-03 | Dispositif de reprise et d'individualisation de fils sortant d'une machine de traitement |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1547953B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN100519381C (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2327336T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2864055B1 (fr) |
PL (1) | PL1547953T3 (fr) |
PT (1) | PT1547953E (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114715720A (zh) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-07-08 | 江西中臻通讯科技有限公司 | 一种并丝裸铜退火线生产工艺用直线导轨收线系统 |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2703825T3 (es) * | 2015-07-20 | 2019-03-12 | Staeubli Sargans Ag | Máquina de disposición de hilos |
CN106087305B (zh) * | 2016-08-05 | 2018-10-23 | 江阴市永欣印染机械有限公司 | 绳状水洗联合机 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1202702A (fr) * | 1958-09-23 | 1960-01-12 | Barmag Barmer Maschf | Dispositif de bobinage pour fils continus entièrement synthétiques, sur des bancs d'étirage |
FR2040551A5 (fr) * | 1969-04-03 | 1971-01-22 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | |
US3638873A (en) * | 1970-08-12 | 1972-02-01 | Du Pont | Apparatus for winding yarn |
US4574574A (en) * | 1983-12-10 | 1986-03-11 | Stolberger Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Tension regulator for a stranding machine |
US4623101A (en) * | 1984-07-25 | 1986-11-18 | Brunswick Corporation | Filament tensioner |
US4830296A (en) * | 1986-06-05 | 1989-05-16 | Murata Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha | Automatic winder |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1214999A (en) * | 1967-03-23 | 1970-12-09 | Leesona Ltd | Strand tension control apparatus |
-
2003
- 2003-12-23 FR FR0315278A patent/FR2864055B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-11-03 EP EP04360100A patent/EP1547953B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2004-11-03 ES ES04360100T patent/ES2327336T3/es active Active
- 2004-11-03 PL PL04360100T patent/PL1547953T3/pl unknown
- 2004-11-03 PT PT04360100T patent/PT1547953E/pt unknown
- 2004-12-17 CN CNB2004100820312A patent/CN100519381C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1202702A (fr) * | 1958-09-23 | 1960-01-12 | Barmag Barmer Maschf | Dispositif de bobinage pour fils continus entièrement synthétiques, sur des bancs d'étirage |
FR2040551A5 (fr) * | 1969-04-03 | 1971-01-22 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | |
US3638873A (en) * | 1970-08-12 | 1972-02-01 | Du Pont | Apparatus for winding yarn |
US4574574A (en) * | 1983-12-10 | 1986-03-11 | Stolberger Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Tension regulator for a stranding machine |
US4623101A (en) * | 1984-07-25 | 1986-11-18 | Brunswick Corporation | Filament tensioner |
US4830296A (en) * | 1986-06-05 | 1989-05-16 | Murata Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha | Automatic winder |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114715720A (zh) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-07-08 | 江西中臻通讯科技有限公司 | 一种并丝裸铜退火线生产工艺用直线导轨收线系统 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1637190A (zh) | 2005-07-13 |
FR2864055B1 (fr) | 2006-06-02 |
FR2864055A1 (fr) | 2005-06-24 |
CN100519381C (zh) | 2009-07-29 |
PL1547953T3 (pl) | 2009-10-30 |
PT1547953E (pt) | 2009-08-17 |
ES2327336T3 (es) | 2009-10-28 |
EP1547953B1 (fr) | 2009-05-13 |
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