EP1528341A2 - Process for drying by means of infrared rays - Google Patents

Abstract

Water driven off goods or material to be dried is carried by an airstream (7) to a regulator valve (14) and a cooling heat exchanger (3) carrying air from outside (19). A ventilator (2) may circulate this air. There are further heat exchangers (4,5). Condensed water may fall onto a sloping metal sheet (10) and drains into a tank at the back with a level sensor (12). The IR produced by the heating plate may have a wavelength of between 3 and 6 mu.

Description

The present invention belongs to the technical field of drying of solid goods or products by removing liquid underneath Application of heat and thus concerns a procedure for the wall or Building drying, in which a heat application by infrared radiation is effected.

Generally known are different, more or less distinctive Procedures for drying by removing liquid under Heat on the object to be dried or on the to be dried Object substance, in particular for building or building drying. These Procedures use the heat to directly or indirectly surrounding substance and the water therein, which is free water, Solvationswasser and / or Sorptionswasser, which itself behave differently, can act. The previously known Drying methods and equipment or arrangements for this purpose are so configured to pass the water present in or on the substance Convert heat into water vapor and endeavor to or lead away from the substance. In general, these are air quantities for water vapor uptake and air movements to remove the then moist air quantities used. Significant influences during drying, i.e. When running off or running the water, cause the capillary forces, the means, for example, that free water from the capillaries of the substance by means of Of the conventional procedures only with restrictions from the Substance depth is removable. The most obvious difference is the Method of this type of drying (method with heat application) and Equipment for this by the means for and the type of heating, optionally still by the type of further treatment, i. the exhaustion the humid air.

Operate the group of dehumidifiers with or without low heating the most ineffective method of drying, since the usual Dehumidifier with the process effect of lowering the temperature work. If e.g. Rooms or other buildings in the winter months are in an unheated state, it happens regularly that the Dehumidifiers freeze and the air therefore disadvantageously no Moisture can escape more.

The method of dehumidification by means of the device group of Dehumidifier with heating has the disadvantage that by the sole Dehumidifying the process anyway only indirectly the substance drying e.g. on the structure causes and that a lot of the condensate removed from the containers of the equipment from the outside and / or ambient air come because a concentration gradient is compelling to balance. Only one Dry layer of a few centimeters deep can be achieved if the dehumidifiers do not alternate in the operating system "Operation - Pause" work, because after dehydration, once the degree of dryness, i.e. the "tightening" of moisture from even deeper must be moist to superficially dry area. This is a procedure for weeks to months necessary, thus extremely disadvantageous.

In the process of hot air drying, the air is first heated and then applied to the substance to be dried. The disadvantage is that the heat transfer from the air into the substance to be dried is very low is. It is thus mainly the air heated and not to be dried Substance. Thus, a not significant portion of the energy generated simply ventilated. The efficiency of this so completed Dry process is low.

The widespread failure of the procedures dehumidification and Hot air drying is due to the "plug effect". The capillaries in the too drying goods are superficially dried out and the meniscus of the Water surface in the affected capillaries has no Wetting connection more to the surface. In addition, then sinks the Evaporation surface drastically. As a result, the Nachtransport of Water almost stopped. Nevertheless, a dehumidification of Ambient air maintained, which has no effect on the drying in the Inside of the substance. It will be in the plants container to container emptied with water, which comes only from the outside. Even a help by introducing the normal space heating in the process implementation Dehumidification often brings only a slight improvement in the Drying rate. As with hot air drying, a lot of heat Ventilated, without contributing to the drying effect, as this heat even poorly penetrates into the material to be dried or substance and Moreover, not the optimal wavelength distribution for water evaporation has, for which heaters are not designed. The disadvantages of the v.g. Procedures showed vividly on many flood-affected Objects of the Dresden / Chemnitz area, the flood of August 2002 were affected and where the different drying methods were used came. After a period of 7 to 8 months of use of this Procedure could not reach any significant dehydration be determined. Only a near-surface layer in the masonry could be dried or it was found only a small Total moisture reduction taking place. The dehydration of these objects will be like this extend over months or years.

Infrared drying with IR devices that produces a nearly uniform Emit frequency response and thus next to the water and the too drying substance, such as masonry, strongly heat, leads there with high probability to crack because of the high Temperature differences between surface and (wall) depth. unnecessary Energy is generated and consumed useless. Destructive effects through Steam formation is not excluded.

The methods of microwave drying heat the substance to be dried very fast, within seconds and minutes, from the inside. Around To achieve high effectiveness, are the devices provided for this and Equipment equipped with a performance, which also in greater wall depth Effect shows what u.U. too unintentional, hardly predictable, let alone because controllable overheating can cause harmful effects. One building fire caused by microwave drying of a building is known. In addition, water vapor is produced in the to be dried Good, so in the wall to be dried, with all its destructive power thereon. Due to the very rapid warming inside, considerable costs arise Overpressures, especially at the beginning of drying, as the water through the Capillaries can not escape fast enough. The danger of disruptions Destruction of the microstructure of the dry material is latent. Water pipes are to be depressurized and / or emptied, too open to repressurize when residual water evaporates to encounter. Only through a complex parameter tuning are the v.g. Disadvantages manageable.

To each group of the above-mentioned general and the drying expert known drying procedures, there are a variety of Drying equipment or arrangements, so it should be dispensable should be described in detail as state of the art.

Based on the shortcomings of the aforementioned prior art is the Invention, the object of an increase in technical technological Effectiveness of the drying process through a targeted Influence to achieve this, in particular to an increased Mobility of the water is worked as well as a concentration gradient produced as a water-promoting and -expensive process component and is exploited.

According to the invention, this task and objective by the following solved. Since water hardly absorbs visible light or UV radiation, however, IR radiation in certain areas will cause the to be dried Substance irradiated with infrared rays in the micron wavelength range. in this connection are several of the water types present in the capillaries Consider points of view. Available clear water obeys with Restrictions rather the normal hydraulic laws. Solvation water (semi-solid) is partly already the binding forces of Capillarity and partly still the gravity-dominated hydraulics arrested. Sorption water is only subject to capillary forces. The density of the water, which in the temperature range of about 0 ° C over about 30 ° C ... 60 ° C ... 90 ° C has changed because of the associated Viscosity change influences the drying and water movement processes, which are designed with the inventive solution. freezing temperatures Although in practice there are real, but frozen water and even saline solutions with minus degrees as such have no practical Meaning, since by means of the proposed IR radiation heating takes place. As is known, the mobility of the fluid increases Water in this o.g. Span by about 30% and the surface tension decreases in parallel.

This v.g. Knowledge will be new and inventive here exploited proposed technical teaching. By the intended Infrared radiation in the wavelength range of around 3 μm and at the same time the 6 μm is u.a. specifically increases the mobility of the water. Thereby It can also be transported specifically to the near-surface layers to evaporate there. To amplify this effect, the air additionally artificially ionized. The evaporation process at the Surface causes a concentration gradient, which together with the reduced viscosity as a water-driving or water-promoting effect keeps the evaporation and drying process in function. These processes do not work as long as the moisture lamellae in the capillaries be dried out and these are preserved. The intended Irradiation therefore works as time- and material-specific up and down decongesting, specially programmed, time, temperature and heat-dependent irradiation, so that just these v.g. Operations are not abort. If you dry too long, you develop to a certain depth depending on the material, a dried-out area, which itself is solvation water emits. In the greater depths of the substance to be dried, the Menisci of the capillaries, so to speak, turn into "stoppers" and would barely still allow moisture to reach the surface. The above is a significant advantage over the prior art methods in which Often these processes are disadvantageously interrupted and thus Also, the possibilities are opened that the evaporated water is on elsewhere in the substance, i. in the building or in the building again, without really leaving it. Also from For this reason, a closed circuit is proposed to this To remedy defects in the previous drying process. It will be a Air flow from the substance to be dried with the leaked, Evaporated water in a first internal cycle over one Condenser with heat exchanger and, for example, Peltier elements, then back to the spotlight and to the substance to be dried for the purpose passed the moisture absorption over. Alternatively, the air flow with the leaked, evaporated water by convection, if necessary supported by device-related forced air movement, upwards via a condenser with heat exchanger and Peltier elements and / or about another suitable technical capacitor device, good Provided heat dissipation, be routed. In a second outer open media circuit that is not connected to the first circuit stands, there is a forced media promotion, optionally air conveying, by means of small fans, this air conveying the external room air, and the conveyed medium via heat dissipation elements, especially small cooling plates, is passed to the condenser. This second medium cycle works as a separating acting Media cooling curtain, guided in the semi-open outer space cycle, and guarantees cooling between radiator and condenser. after the Drying air (of the inner circuit) has given off the water, the Condensate drops over collection devices, e.g. Collecting sheets and one or more gutters, a collection container forwarded. After that, the air becomes the internal circuit, as already described, back to the IR emitter and the drying substance passed by. This can also be used as a further advantageous Effect of the spread of mold spores and others especially at the beginning prevent a treatment. Incidentally, when drying Humidity, temperature and other important process data inside and outside the substance to be dried for the purpose of litigation recorded and controlled by the control of the drying process accordingly processed.

• die Wand-, Decken- und/oder übrigen Bauwerksteile nicht überhitzt werden,
• Energie summarisch effizient eingesetzt wird,
• Energie direkt im physikalisch interessierenden Frequenz-/Wellenlängenbereich in die Wand-, Decken- und/oder übrigen Bauwerksteile eingebracht wird,
• eine Tiefenwirkung während und nach der Trocknung erreicht wird,
• ein System des Energiedurchlaufes und des Stoffkreislaufes unter Ausscheidung von Wasser stattfindet,
• vorwiegend das Wasser und nicht die Wand-, Decken- und/oder übrigen Bauwerksteile erwärmt werden,
• automatisch die Trocknungszeit bestimmt wird,
• eine Fixierung von Salzen in der Tiefe der Wand-, Decken- und/oder übrigen Bauwerksteile und kaum Salztransport während der Trocknung stattfindet
  und
• das Kondensat aus den Wand-, Decken- und/oder übrigen Bauwerksteilen sichtbar gesammelt wird.

This new inventive teaching improves drying, especially in the field of building drying, in that

• the wall, ceiling and / or other building parts are not overheated,
• Energy is used summarily efficiently,
• Energy is introduced directly in the physically interesting frequency / wavelength range in the wall, ceiling and / or other parts of the building,
• a depth effect is achieved during and after drying,
• a system of energy passage and material cycle takes place with elimination of water,
• mainly the water and not the wall, ceiling and / or other parts of the building are heated,
• automatically the drying time is determined,
• a fixation of salts in the depth of the wall, ceiling and / or other parts of the building and little salt transport takes place during drying
  and
• the condensate from the wall, ceiling and / or other parts of the building is visibly collected.

A major advantage of the teaching of the invention is the low heating the building parts. Surface temperatures between approx. 60 ° C (start of drying) and 90 ° C (drying cycle end) guarantee a gentle Drying without the development of steam, which is a burden for the building components. The Indoor temperatures are much lower. Used in the media area Plastics could then be partially above 90 ° C in other processes damaged or even plastic. Water pipes pose no problem Also, electric cables are not. Through the process data acquisition and the control device can be ensured that upon reaching a preselected temperature, the process execution is switched off.

A further application of the v.g. inventive The method consists in successfully combating fungal and algae infestation.

In the process implementation, it is appropriate in this case, partially also necessary to change the selective frequency response to the Depth effect to regulate. For greater depth effect is an infrared frequency to be used in the range of greater than 6 microns.

Extensive applications to this control method have shown that There was no repopulation in the irradiated area unless it was In addition, untreated areas exist or have become insufficient End dry times realized. In the Hausschwammbekämpfung has a previous long-term test revealed that this apparently successful was destroyed. For 2 years there are no signs of activity. In addition, a recurrence of the irradiation can occur when it appears again take place according to this procedure. So that dry rot without Construction work and without toxic remedies.

Another further application of the v.g. inventive The process consists of remediating oily masonry. Need for this only the parameters of the power density and the frequency response of the radiator to achieve greater depth effect, see above, to be changed and the condenser is to be replaced by a flaming device. to Execution of this process, the masonry is scheduled up to a defined height under water, so that during the oil spill this do not crawl under. Since oil always floats on the water, one can possibly already spread oil slick be compressed again. On a defined horizon, the oil is tapped. The masonry will be heated, the oil becomes more fluid and evaporable. At Kam-merungen in the Building blocks are targeted small caliber bores helpful. The oil can escape easier. Targeted flaming in the inner circulation is too connect with the supply of oxygen and the disposal of the Combustion gas. The environment is thus protected from harmful fumes protected. Subsequently, the masonry is dried according to the procedure. Advantageously, a masonry replacement can be avoided.

In the following embodiment, the invention will be explained in more detail become.

The invention is in a typical variant of a variety of described possible alternatives.

The explanation of the invention will be made by way of an example selected Arrangement.

Fig.

1 zeigt die Anlage im Schnitt

Fig. 2

zeigt die Ansicht A der Anlage

Fig. 3

zeigt die Ansicht B der Anlage

FIGS. 1 to 3 thus represent this possible arrangement for realizing the method according to the invention from a multiplicity of alternatives which are possible in terms of apparatus. Since further arrangement alternatives are conceivable for this, they thus comprise the teaching according to the invention.

FIG.

1 shows the plant in section

Fig. 2

shows the view A of the plant

Fig. 3

shows the view B of the plant

List of used reference numbers

1

panel radiators

2

fan

3

Cooling, heat exchanger

4

Heat sink, radiator

5

cooling element

6

air inlet

7

Internal circuit

8, 9

port door

10

baffle

11

collecting channel

12

water tank

13

guard

14

control flap

15

viewing slot

16

Water level sensor

17

Pad, container

18

power adapter

19

second outer cooling medium circuit

Embodiment 1

The building substance of a wall base to be dried is coated with the structure shown in FIGS to 3 shown from the side A with infrared rays in the both wavelength ranges around the 3 μm and at the same time around the 6 μm of the Panel radiator 1 irradiated. This irradiation takes place depending on the concrete local conditions as time- and material-specific up and Decongesting, specially programmed, time, temperature and heat-dependent Irradiation. This is how 40 cm thick natural stone masonry made of gneiss at a temperature of 60 ... 90 ° C over a period of 6 ... 8 h in Dependent on the actual water content dried. It will the drying air flow 7 at the not shown here to be dried Substance over and from there with the leaked, evaporated water in the first inner circuit 7 via a capacitor, then again on Spotlight 1 and on the substance to be dried for the purpose of Moisture absorption passed by. The air flow of the first circuit. 7 with the leaked, evaporated water can also by convection, possibly assisted by equipment-enforced Air movement, up over the condenser with heat exchanger 3 and Peltier elements and / or another suitable technical Conduit be passed. A second outer cooling medium circuit 19 forms a separating media cooling curtain and working thereby guarantees the cooling between radiator and condenser, wherein this second outer cooling medium circuit 19 is not connected to the first circuit 7 communicates and by means of forced media promotion through a fan 2, where appropriate, the air promotion of the outer surrounding occurs Room air, via cooling elements 5 is realized on the capacitor and represents a semi-open outer space cycle. On or in the condenser the condensate drops are collected via collection means, e.g. collection plates 10 and one or more grooves 11, a collecting container 17th fed. The irradiation is carried out so that the procedure at surface temperatures between about 80 ° C is operated. In this drying, moisture, temperature and other important Process data inside and outside of the substance to be dried Purposes of litigation recorded and controlled by the Drying process processed accordingly.

Claims (8)

Procedure for drying solid goods or products by removing liquid with heat application by means of infrared rays,
characterized in that the substance to be dried is irradiated with infrared rays in the wavelength ranges around 3 microns and at the same time around 6 microns and this irradiation as time- and material-specific up-and-down, specially programmed, time, temperature and heat-dependent irradiation works .
that an air flow (7) from the substance to be dried with the leaked, evaporated water in a first inner circuit via a condenser, then passed back to the radiator and the substance to be dried for the purpose of moisture absorption,
that a second external coolant circuit (19) is provided, which forms a separating working media cooling curtain and thereby guarantees the cooling between the radiator and the condenser, said second external cooling medium circuit (19) is not engaged with the first circuit (7) in connection and by means of forcible Medienförderung , Where appropriate, air promotion of the outer ambient air, is realized via cooling elements on the condenser and represents a semi-open outer space cycle. Procedure according to claim 1,
characterized in that the irradiation is carried out so that the process is carried out at surface temperatures between about 60 ° C and about 90 ° C. Procedure according to claim 1,
characterized in that the air flow of the first circuit (7) with the leaked, evaporated water by convection optionally assisted by device forced air movement is passed upwards via a condenser with heat exchanger and Peltier elements and / or another suitable technical capacitor device. Procedure according to claim 1,
characterized in that the irradiation is carried out so that the air flow of the first circuit (7) is additionally artificially ionized. Procedure according to claim 1,
characterized in that the forced air delivery of the second outer circuit (19) by means of small fans, the air delivery of the outer room air via heat removal, in particular small cooling plates, on the capacitor. Procedure according to claim 1,
characterized in that on or in the condenser, the condensate drops are supplied via collecting devices, such as collecting sheets and one or more grooves, a collecting container. Procedure according to claim 1,
characterized in that for the purpose of fungal control and oil remediation, a frequency response in the far infrared range greater than 6 microns is to be used, wherein in the oil renovation plus the power density is to be increased. Procedure according to claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that when drying moisture, temperature and other important process data in the interior and outside of the substance to be dried for the purpose of process control recorded and processed accordingly by the control of the drying process.

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