EP1528127A2 - Bauteil, insbesondere Kolben sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung einer hochbelastbaren Oberfläche auf einem Bauteil, insbesondere auf einem Kolben - Google Patents
Bauteil, insbesondere Kolben sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung einer hochbelastbaren Oberfläche auf einem Bauteil, insbesondere auf einem Kolben Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1528127A2 EP1528127A2 EP04025342A EP04025342A EP1528127A2 EP 1528127 A2 EP1528127 A2 EP 1528127A2 EP 04025342 A EP04025342 A EP 04025342A EP 04025342 A EP04025342 A EP 04025342A EP 1528127 A2 EP1528127 A2 EP 1528127A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- component
- layer
- stop layer
- crack stop
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/10—Pistons having surface coverings
- F02F3/12—Pistons having surface coverings on piston heads
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/321—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/322—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer only coatings of metal elements only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/347—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with layers adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
Definitions
- the invention generally relates to a component, in particular a piston for an internal combustion engine, as well as a general Process for producing a heavy duty surface on a component, in particular on a piston for a Combustion engine.
- the non-prepublished DE 102 42 261 A1 describes a Piston rim edge reinforcement, in which the edge of the Piston cavity by kinetic cold gas and compacting coated or part of the piston through the coating is formed.
- US 4,699,695 relates to a nickel bath with which aluminum and / or aluminum alloys can be electroplated.
- WO 00/66918 describes a piston engine a light metal cylinder whose tread is chrome plated. The tread also receives a coating Synthetic resin base with embedded hard particles.
- the invention is based on the object, a component, in particular a piston and a method for its To create a production in which the heat resistance can be improved.
- a component in particular a piston for an internal combustion engine, the / of a base material exists, one on at least partially applied Crack-stop layer with a thickness of at least 3 ⁇ m.
- a crack stop layer having such a thickness has been included Try to prove that the effect of the following is more accurate explained aluminum layer is improved to that cracks that arise in the area of the aluminum layer can be prevented from getting into the interior of the Continue to piston. Consequently, the inventive effect Crack stop layer advantageously with the applied Aluminum layer together and guaranteed or improved their function.
- the undesirable Heat transfer to the piston base material further reduced be, and the spread of cracks to the Piston base material can be prevented even better.
- the following described at least acts partially anodized aluminum layer, as a thermal barrier coating.
- the crack stop layer prevents the propagation of cracks, which always exists in this external thermal barrier coating are in the piston material.
- the crack stop layer decreases for this purpose, the local stresses on a crack tip on and prevents the crack from growing.
- the crack stop layer is ductile, tough and still high Absorb tension. It has a high for this purpose Tensile strength and is on the one hand with the base material the piston and the other with the below described Aluminum layer well connected mechanically.
- the component according to the invention has an at least partially anodised aluminum layer, also called alumina conversion layer can be.
- alumina conversion layer can be.
- the Heat transfer from the combustion gases, which is a piston surrounded, worsened to the inside of the piston so far be that the temperature of the piston base material remains sufficiently low.
- the piston base material is in The rest is not anodized and remains undamaged metallic.
- anodized layer which in a layer of pure aluminum, for example galvanic deposited, an extremely smooth and homogeneous, outer ceramic layer are produced. This effectively prevents the initiation of cracks, what would reduce the fatigue life of a piston.
- the extremely low roughness of the applied layer a good insulating effect of the Ensuring layer, allowing the transfer of heat to the piston base material is hindered, and ensured is that the piston base material in temperature ranges where there is no risk of melting consists.
- the crackstop layer has particular good properties with regard to the prevention of Spread of cracks and in terms of reduction the heat transfer result when the crack stop layer a Thickness of at least 5 microns. Especially cheap the range between 10 and 40 microns proved.
- the crack stop layer As materials of the crack stop layer come nickel, silver, Chromium, iron or an alloy with at least one of these Metals into consideration.
- the properties of the component according to the invention as a whole can be further improved by the aluminum layer in the context of anodization partially in the metallic state is left.
- the area of the aluminum layer located in the metallic state is extremely soft and ductile and thus is also able to crack at the spread to prevent themselves otherwise from the outside Continue the hard anodizing layer into the piston base material would. Overall, it succeeds therefore by the combination one in this way only partially anodized Aluminum layer and the applied below Crack stop layer, a component, in particular a piston to create that improved significantly Has thermal insulation properties, which is a melting of the Prevent piston base material. At the same time the Fatigue resistance of the component, in particular one Piston not or not significantly reduced.
- piston base material any, suitable material for this purpose.
- the invention will be aluminum or an aluminum alloy preferred as a piston base material to the advantages of this To use light metals for the production of a piston.
- the invention from a Crack stop layer and an at least partially anodized Aluminum coating existing on all Make a component, in particular a piston used become, on which comparatively high temperatures occur. It is therefore preferred in the context of the invention, as far as they are is applied to a piston that described Coating is provided on the piston head.
- a heavy duty surface on a Component in particular a piston for a Internal combustion engine, produced by a Aluminum layer applied and at least partially anodized, before applying the Aluminum layer on the base material a crack stop layer is applied.
- any suitable method into consideration This can be a both in terms of Temperature resistance as well as fatigue resistance improved surface to be created, which the previously in connection with the component produced thereby has described advantages.
- Preferred developments of the method according to the invention correspond to the preferred Embodiments of the component produced thereby.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of the structure the surface area of a component according to the invention, in particular a piston. This is first on the base material 10, a crack stop layer 12 and Subsequently applied a layer 14 of pure aluminum Service.
- the aluminum layer subsequently partially anodized so that the surface through an extremely smooth and homogeneous hard anodising layer 16 is formed, below which a residual layer 14 from pure aluminum. This deteriorates along with the crack stop layer 12 the heat transfer to the Base material 10 and beyond that prevents Cracks that can form on the surface, to the Base material 10 can spread.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Fig. 1
- schematisch den Oberflächenbereich eines erfindungsgemäßen Kolbens in einem Bearbeitungsstadium; und
- Fig. 2
- den in Fig. 1 gezeigten Oberflächenbereich im endgültigen Zustand.
Claims (14)
- Bauteil, insbesondere Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor, mit einem Grundwerkstoff (10), einer darauf zumindest bereichsweise aufgebrachten Rissstopschicht (12) mit einer Dicke von zumindest 3 µm und einer auf der Rissstopschicht (12) aufgebrachten, zumindest teilweise anodisierten Aluminiumschicht (14).
- Bauteil nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Rissstopschicht (12) eine Dicke von zumindest 5 µm, vorzugsweise von 10 bis 140 µm aufweist. - Bauteil nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Rissstopschicht (12) duktil ist. - Bauteil nach zumindest einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Rissstopschicht (12) aus Nickel, Silber, Chrom, Eisen oder einer Legierung mit zumindest einem dieser Metalle besteht. - Bauteil nach zumindest einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Aluminiumschicht (14) zumindest teilweise im metallischen Zustand belassen ist. - Bauteil nach zumindest einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Grundwerkstoff (10) Aluminium oder eine Aluminiumlegierung ist. - Bauteil nach zumindest einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
dieses ein Kolben, und die Beschichtung am Kolbenboden vorgesehen ist. - Verfahren zur Herstellung einer hochbelastbaren Oberfläche auf einem Bauteil, insbesondere auf einem Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor, mit dem Aufbringen einer Rissstopschicht mit einer Dicke von mindestens 3 µm und dem Aufbringen und zumindest teilweise Anodisieren einer Aluminiumschicht auf die Rissstopschicht.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Rissstopschicht mit einer Dicke von mindestens 5 µm, bevorzugt 10 bis 40 µm aufgebracht wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 8 oder 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
eine duktile Rissstopschicht aufgebracht wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Rissstopschicht aus Nickel, Silber, Chrom, Eisen oder einer Legierung mit zumindest einem dieser Metalle besteht. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Aluminiumschicht teilweise im metallischen Zustand belassen wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Grundwerkstoff des Bauteils Aluminium oder eine Aluminiumlegierung ist. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Beschichtung am Kolbenboden eines Kolbens ausgebildet wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2003150190 DE10350190B4 (de) | 2003-10-28 | 2003-10-28 | Bauteil, insbesondere Kolben |
| DE10350190 | 2003-10-28 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1528127A2 true EP1528127A2 (de) | 2005-05-04 |
| EP1528127A3 EP1528127A3 (de) | 2008-09-03 |
Family
ID=34399570
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04025342A Withdrawn EP1528127A3 (de) | 2003-10-28 | 2004-10-25 | Bauteil, insbesondere Kolben sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung einer hochbelastbaren Oberfläche auf einem Bauteil, insbesondere auf einem Kolben |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1528127A3 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10350190B4 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006039679A1 (de) * | 2006-08-24 | 2008-02-28 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zur Bearbeitung von Zylinderlaufflächen eines Zylinderkurbelgehäuses oder von Zylinderbuchsen |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR355999A (fr) * | 1904-07-08 | 1905-11-17 | Eugen Berner | Revetement protecteur contre le feu pour poutres, tuyaux, plaques, etc |
| IT1162976B (it) * | 1983-10-31 | 1987-04-01 | Mondial Piston Dott Ercole Gal | Coppia pistone canna per motori diesel con disposizioni per prevenire danneggiamenti dalle incrostazioni carboniose |
| US4699695A (en) * | 1984-07-20 | 1987-10-13 | Rieger Franz Metallveredelung | Nickel plating bath |
| JPH0611917B2 (ja) * | 1988-08-23 | 1994-02-16 | 日本鋼管株式会社 | 陽極酸化処理用多層アルミニウムめっき基体 |
| DE19919725A1 (de) * | 1999-04-30 | 2000-11-02 | Mahle Gmbh | Kolbenmotor mit einem Zylinder aus Leichtmetall |
| DE19960646A1 (de) * | 1999-12-16 | 2001-07-05 | Fed Mogul Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer hochbelastbaren Oberflächenschicht auf Bauteilen aus siliziumhaltigen Aluminiumlegierungen |
| DE10118763A1 (de) * | 2001-04-11 | 2002-10-17 | Univ Schiller Jena | Verfahren zur Darstellung von keramischen Metalloxid- bzw. Metallmischoxidschichten auf beliebigen Substraten |
| DE10242261A1 (de) * | 2002-09-12 | 2004-03-25 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Kolbenmuldenrandverstärkung |
-
2003
- 2003-10-28 DE DE2003150190 patent/DE10350190B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-10-25 EP EP04025342A patent/EP1528127A3/de not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006039679A1 (de) * | 2006-08-24 | 2008-02-28 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zur Bearbeitung von Zylinderlaufflächen eines Zylinderkurbelgehäuses oder von Zylinderbuchsen |
| DE102006039679B4 (de) * | 2006-08-24 | 2011-02-10 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zur Bearbeitung von Zylinderlaufflächen eines Zylinderkurbelgehäuses oder von Zylinderbuchsen |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1528127A3 (de) | 2008-09-03 |
| DE10350190B4 (de) | 2005-11-10 |
| DE10350190A1 (de) | 2005-06-16 |
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