EP1527658B1 - Zyklotron mit neuen teilchenstrahl-umlenkungsmitteln - Google Patents

Zyklotron mit neuen teilchenstrahl-umlenkungsmitteln Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1527658B1
EP1527658B1 EP03739886A EP03739886A EP1527658B1 EP 1527658 B1 EP1527658 B1 EP 1527658B1 EP 03739886 A EP03739886 A EP 03739886A EP 03739886 A EP03739886 A EP 03739886A EP 1527658 B1 EP1527658 B1 EP 1527658B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cyclotron
median plane
particle beam
inflection means
inflection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP03739886A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1527658A1 (de
Inventor
Yves Jongen
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Ion Beam Applications SA
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Ion Beam Applications SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
    • H05H7/08—Arrangements for injecting particles into orbits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H13/00—Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons

Definitions

  • the present invention aims at providing a cyclotron equipped with a new type of inflector used to "bend" a beam of charged particles injected axially by an injection device or injector towards the median plane of the cyclotron.
  • Cyclotrons consist of several distinct main assemblies, such as the electromagnet which guides the charged particles, the high frequency resonator which ensures the acceleration of said particles and finally the system for injecting said particles into the cyclotron.
  • the combination of the different means makes it possible to accelerate the charged particles which will describe in the median plane of the cyclotron (perpendicular to the magnetic field) a trajectory having approximately a spiral shape of radius increasing around the central axis (vertical) of the cyclotron which is perpendicular to the median plane.
  • the poles of the electromagnet are divided into sectors alternately having a reduced air gap and a larger gap.
  • the azimuthal variation of the magnetic field that results has the effect of ensuring the vertical and horizontal focusing of the beam during acceleration.
  • the high frequency resonator is constituted by the accelerating electrodes, often called “dice” for historical reasons. An alternating voltage of several tens of kilovolts is thus applied to the electrodes at the rotation frequency of the particles in the magnet.
  • These charged particles accelerated by a cyclotron may be positive particles, such as protons, or negative particles, such as H - ions.
  • These last particles are extracted by converting the negative ions into positive ions by passing them through a sheet, for example carbon, which Its function is to strip the negative ions of their electrons.
  • the main drawback is that the negative ions are fragile and are therefore easily dissociated by residual gas molecules or by the high magnetic fields traversed at high energy and present in the cyclotron.
  • the injection device and the source are, for these reasons, located outside the cyclotron. This avoids any pollution of the cyclotron air gap.
  • the injection and source devices are arranged directly above the central axis of the cyclotron so as to inject the particles generated in a substantially vertical direction towards the center of the cyclotron, where they will be gradually bent in order to be directed in the median (horizontal) plane of the cyclotron where they will undergo the various accelerations.
  • cyclotrons are called axial injector cyclotrons.
  • the known inflectors are electrostatic inflectors which essentially consist of a negative electrode and a positive electrode between which a potential difference creates an electric field. This will progressively bend the particle beam to position it correctly tangentially in the median plane of the cyclotron and therefore perpendicular to its direction of arrival.
  • the particle beam performs spiral helix movement.
  • the charged particles acquire a velocity component in the horizontal plane, and they are subjected to the force of Lorentz.
  • the combination of the two components generates a spiral motion of the particle beam within the central portion of the cyclotron.
  • the current trend is to increase the intensity of the beams, which is currently between 300 and 500 ⁇ A up to values that can reach a few mA.
  • Another important problem is that to increase the intensity of the particle beam, the space charge is increased, ie the electrical charge density thus causing the electrostatic repulsion of the charges and thereby a broadening of the beam (electric charges caused by the presence of many charged particles that repel each other in a space, thus causing an increase in the size of the beam).
  • This space charge of course depends on the intensity and speed of the beam. To reduce the space charge, it is therefore necessary to increase the speed of the charged particles from the injection device and therefore the injection voltage.
  • a last problem comes from the symmetry of revolution of the isochronous cyclotron which includes an alternation of hills and valleys.
  • focusing is done by alternating gradients and is particularly delicate in the center of the cyclotron because the modulation effect of the field due to hills and valleys disappears in the center of the cyclotron.
  • the present invention aims to propose a solution that makes it possible to overcome the various disadvantages of the state of the art.
  • the present invention aims in particular to provide a cyclotron having a new type of inflector which can gradually bend the charged particle beam from an external injection device or injector disposed axially relative to the center of the cyclotron towards the plane median of said cyclotron in order to subject them to acceleration.
  • the present invention aims to provide a cyclotron with a new type of inflector that solves the problem of the presence of a "hump" field in the center of said cyclotron in the case of an isochronous cyclotron.
  • the present invention relates to a cyclotron for accelerating a charged particle beam having an axial injector, that is to say disposed outside the cyclotron and perpendicularly to the median plane and according to the invention.
  • central axis of said cyclotron which combined with inflection means which inflect the beam of particles progressively makes it possible to position the beam in the median plane, where the particles will conventionally undergo the necessary accelerations.
  • These inflection means are arranged essentially at the intersection of the median plane and the axis of the cyclotron.
  • these inflection means are constituted by a magnetic inflector, that is to say one or elements that make it possible to give a horizontal or radial component to the magnetic field, so as to guide the beam of charged particles progressively towards the median plane.
  • ferro-magnetic elements arranged in such a manner as to create an induction field having a horizontal or radial component and which are integral with the poles of the cyclotron are simply chosen as inflection means.
  • rings or washers consisting of blocks bonded with a material that does not modify the axial magnetic field are used.
  • This material is preferably a strong permanent magnet made of an alloy such as a Samarium-Cobalt or Neodymium-Iron-Boron alloy.
  • the figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of an isochronous cyclotron in which an inflector according to the present invention may be used.
  • the figure 2 describes a sectional view of such a cyclotron.
  • the figure 3a and 3b represent a detailed plan and perspective view of a first embodiment of an inflector according to the present invention.
  • the figure 4 is a detailed view of a second embodiment of an inflector according to the present invention.
  • the figure 5 shows a Sm-Co ring used according to a preferred embodiment of the invention described in figure 4 .
  • the figures 1 and 2 describe an example of a cyclotron that can use the inflectors according to the various embodiments described below.
  • the cyclotron 1 is a compact isochronous cyclotron such as the cyclone produced by the applicant for the acceleration of negative particles, such as H - .
  • the magnetic structure of cyclotron 1 is shown in FIG. Fig. 1 vertically.
  • this magnetic structure is arranged so that the median plane is substantially horizontal. It consists of a number of elements made of a ferro-magnetic material and coils 6 made of a conductive or superconducting material.
  • the coils 6 are of essentially circular shape and are located in the annular space left between the sectors 3 and 3 'and the flux returns 5.
  • An injection device 100 is arranged essentially axially, that is to say at a distance outside the cyclotron with respect to the median plane 10. In a suitable manner, this injection device is located in the extension of the central axis of the cyclotron.
  • a central duct 20 is then created in the cylinder head, for example higher, so as to allow the charged particles to be injected in the center of the apparatus.
  • the charged particle beam will be injected into said conduit and will then be directed with inflection elements until it is positioned in the median plane of said cyclotron.
  • an inflector 30 is disposed substantially in the gap at the central duct and will gradually bend the particle beam from the injection device 100 to the median plane 10.
  • the cyclotron has inflection means or a magnetic inflector.
  • the essential characteristic of the present invention therefore lies in the fact that this type of inflector does not generate an electric field in the center of the cyclotron.
  • the inflator according to the present invention is composed of magnetic materials, that is to say ferro-magnetic materials or permanent magnets, which will disturb the axial magnetic field of the cyclotron, thereby creating a horizontal or radial component of said a field that will gradually bend the beam according to the desired path.
  • such an inflector consists of pieces forming the magnetic circuit in the central zone of the cyclotron. These parts are integral with the poles and are made of a ferro-magnetic material for introducing a horizontal or radial component to the magnetic field.
  • the inflection means consist of a first element 31 in the shape of a cone and whose axis of symmetry coincides with the axis 22 of the cyclotron and a second element 33 essentially in the form of a ring, with the same axis of symmetry, and which essentially surrounds the cone 31, so as to form an annular space 34 between the two elements 31 and 33.
  • These elements are necessarily made of a ferromagnetic material magnetic, such as a low carbon steel or an iron-cobalt alloy.
  • the particle beam will tend to bend along a spiral helical path as shown in FIG. Fig. 3b .
  • the beam arrives essentially through the upper part above the inflection elements, it must be slightly deflected relative to the central (and vertical) axis of the cyclotron during its passage between said inflection means.
  • guide coils 28 or other suitable deflection devices must be present above the inflection elements.
  • the inflection means are constituted by rings or washers which also make it possible to give a horizontal component to the magnetic field.
  • Said rings 40 are constructed from small elements 41 which are preferably Samarium-Cobalt magnets.
  • each ring is made from elements 41, which are all permanent magnets with individual orientations of the magnetic field which progressively evolve along the perimeter of the ring.
  • a uniform field 42 is produced inside the ring 40. Thanks to the characteristics of the material used, a ring as represented in FIG. figure 5 , located in the center of the cyclotron, will not disturb the essentially axial (vertical) magnetic field present in the cyclotron air gap, with the exception of the space inside the ring. At this point, an additional component of the magnetic field is created. By arranging said rings adequately, the particle beam can be progressively bent until it is disposed in the median plane.
  • the solution allows the arrangement of a series of ring-shaped magnets in the center of the cyclotron to gradually bend the beam from the axial injector along a path formed by the point central successive rings. This journey is symbolized by a spiral.
  • the solution will have the advantage of not requiring the presence of deflection devices, such as guide coils, upstream of the inflection elements.
  • An example of execution makes it possible to envisage the acceleration of particles H - in a cyclotron of 115 MeV for an injection energy of 80 kV.
  • the radius of the center of the cyclotron will be 5.12 cm and the radius of connection will be between 6 and 7 cm.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Zyklotron (1) zur Beschleunigung eines Strahls (26) geladener Teilchen, die in der mittleren Ebene (10) zirkulieren, wobei der Zyklotron im Wesentlichen in der Form von zwei Polen besteht, die ein Magnetfeld induzieren, und einen so genannten Axialinjektor (100) aufweist, d. h. einen Injektor, der auf der Außenseite des Zyklotrons im Wesentlichen entlang der Hauptachse (22) des Zyklotrons und somit senkrecht zu dessen mittlerer Ebene angeordnet ist, und mit Biegungsmitteln (30 oder 40) kombiniert ist, die das Biegen des Teilchenstrahls ermöglichen, bis dieser in der mittleren Ebene positioniert ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Biegungsmittel aus einem magnetischen Inflektor bestehen.
  2. Zyklotron nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Biegungsmittel eine horizontale oder radiale Komponente im Magnetfeld auf Höhe der Mitte des Zyklotrons hervorbringen, die ermöglicht, den Strahl geladener Teilchen derart zu führen, dass er sich allmählich in Richtung der mittleren Ebene biegt.
  3. Zyklotron nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Biegungsmittel aus ferromagnetischen Elementen (31 und 33) bestehen, die vorzugsweise an den zwei Polen fest angebracht sind.
  4. Zyklotron nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Biegungsmittel ein erstes Element in der Form eines Kegels (31) und ein zweites Element in der Form eines Rings (33), der einen Teil des Kegels einschließt, umfassen.
  5. Zyklotron nach Anspruch 4, in dem die Symmetrieachsen der Elemente mit der Symmetrieachse des Zyklotrons zusammenfallen.
  6. Zyklotron nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er außerdem aufwärts Elemente zur Führung (28) des Strahls umfasst.
  7. Zyklotron nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Biegungsmittel aus Ringen oder Scheiben (40) bestehen, die aus einzelnen Elementen zusammengefügt werden, die Permanentmagnete sind.
  8. Zyklotron nach Anspruch 7, in dem die Permanentmagneten aus einer Legierung hergestellt sind, wie einer Samarium-Kobalt-Legierung oder einer Neodym-Eisen-Bor-Legierung.
  9. Zyklotron nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, in dem die Biegungsmittel aus einer Reihe von Ringen bestehen, deren Mittelpunkte einen Weg in der Form einer Spiralschraube bilden.
EP03739886A 2002-07-22 2003-07-18 Zyklotron mit neuen teilchenstrahl-umlenkungsmitteln Expired - Lifetime EP1527658B1 (de)

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EP03739886A EP1527658B1 (de) 2002-07-22 2003-07-18 Zyklotron mit neuen teilchenstrahl-umlenkungsmitteln

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02447140A EP1385362A1 (de) 2002-07-22 2002-07-22 Zyklotron mit neuen Teilchenstrahl-Ablenkungsmitteln
EP02447140 2002-07-22
PCT/BE2003/000124 WO2004010748A1 (fr) 2002-07-22 2003-07-18 Cyclotron muni de nouveaux moyens d'inflexion du faisceau de particules
EP03739886A EP1527658B1 (de) 2002-07-22 2003-07-18 Zyklotron mit neuen teilchenstrahl-umlenkungsmitteln

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EP1527658A1 EP1527658A1 (de) 2005-05-04
EP1527658B1 true EP1527658B1 (de) 2011-09-14

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EP02447140A Withdrawn EP1385362A1 (de) 2002-07-22 2002-07-22 Zyklotron mit neuen Teilchenstrahl-Ablenkungsmitteln
EP03739886A Expired - Lifetime EP1527658B1 (de) 2002-07-22 2003-07-18 Zyklotron mit neuen teilchenstrahl-umlenkungsmitteln

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US (1) US7456591B2 (de)
EP (2) EP1385362A1 (de)
AT (1) ATE524954T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2003281602A1 (de)
ES (1) ES2373548T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2004010748A1 (de)

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ATE524954T1 (de) 2011-09-15
US20050269497A1 (en) 2005-12-08
WO2004010748A1 (fr) 2004-01-29
EP1385362A1 (de) 2004-01-28
ES2373548T3 (es) 2012-02-06
AU2003281602A1 (en) 2004-02-09
EP1527658A1 (de) 2005-05-04
US7456591B2 (en) 2008-11-25

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