EP1524380A1

EP1524380A1 - Profiled building component

Info

Publication number: EP1524380A1
Application number: EP04077852A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Josef H. T. O. Kettlitz
Original assignee: Kettlitz BV
Current assignee: Kettlitz BV
Priority date: 2003-10-15
Filing date: 2004-10-14
Publication date: 2005-04-20
Also published as: NL1024543C2

Abstract

The invention relates to a profiled building component arranged for being mounted to the outside of a structure, e.g. in the form of an outer wall, roof or inner wall structure, comprising an outer plate part (1), an inner plate part (2), and an intermediate connecting plate part (3), said outer plate part (1) and inner plate part (2) being arranged at an angle to said connecting plate part (3) and in which the stiffness of the building component is achieved by turns and/or ribs in at least one of the plate parts and further by fixedly connecting an insulating body (5) to at least one of the plate parts with specific embodiments. In order to reduce the action as a thermal bridge of said connecting plate part to an important degree while maintaining a predetermined stiffness, at least one series of perforations (12,14) is provided in the connecting plate part (3).

Description

The present invention relates to a profiled building component intended to be mounted at the outside of a structure, e.g. in the form of an outer wall, roof or inner wall structure.
Such building components are known per se. This concerns building components which are either not sufficiently strong and rigid, or have an insulation value being too small, form thermal bridges and in which a relatively large material thickness is required for a stable structure as a result of which the building components are heavy and thus the supporting structures, such as e.g. a outer wall structure, should likewise be carried out proportionally heavy. Finally, it can be stated that the way in which said known building components should be mounted in the work is not practical, i.e., connecting the building components in longitudinal direction across the full length of a surface to be covered before one can start working on a next row or column.
The object of the invention is to remove these disadvantages and to provide for a builing component combining a low weigth with a large stiffness, that can be manufactured at low cost, that has a high insulation value and can be mounted easily and quickly.
Accordingly, the invention provides for that the building component, seen from the inside to the outside, comprises an inner plate part, a connecting plate part and an outer part, said inner plate part and outer plate part being arranged at an angle to said connecting plate part and extending in the same direction or in opposite direction, perforations being made in said connecting plate part and at least one of the plate parts and/or the outer part being designed to connect to a plate part and/or an outer part of a subsequent building component, at least one of said plate parts and/or said outer part being provided with one or more ribs and/or one or more turns in order to enhance stiffness and strength of said building component.
The invention provides for a number of embodiments of said building component, including:

an embodiment in which the outer part is carried out as a fixing part for fixing a finishing plate to it, or as an outer plate part;
an embodiment in which the connecting plate part comprises a first and a second part, said first and second parts extending in the longitudinal direction of said building component and said first and second parts being coupled to one another at a turn or coupling;
an embodiment in which said building component comprises two or more independent constituent parts, a first constituent part comprising an inner plate part with an end turn and a connecting plate part or part of a connecting plate part and a second constituent part comprising an outer plate part, with or without a portion of a connecting plate part, said constituent parts being designed for engaging one another at the connecting plate part.

The first embodiment, if provided with a fixing part, can be finished with a finishing plate after a number of building components have been mounted, with a finishing plate connecting to one or more building components. In case an outer plate part has been provided, this outer plate part connects directly to an outer plate part of a preceding building component.
The embodiment stated as the second one is intended for, among other things, providing the possibility to employ various materials or material qualities for inside and outside.
The building element stated as the third embodiment is a compact building component with an outer plate part in relation to a connecting plate part extending in the same direction as the inner plate part. By having the outer plate part engage both the connecting plate part and the end turn of the inner plate part, a closed structure is achieved, at least in the direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of said building component. A structure in which the outer plate part only engages the connecting plate part and remains at a distance from the end turn is also possible.
In the embodiments in which the inner plate part is provided with an end turn, which can be embodiments comprising one piece or two or more constituent parts, it is preferably provided for that the end turn extends from within to the outside across a distance being smaller than the distance from within to the outside which is bridged by said connecting plate part. Having such an end turn instead of an end turn extending across an equal distance as the connecting plate part, always prevents two material cross-sections from extending from within to the outside, as a result of which the thermal bridge is reduced by half and the desired insulation value can be achieved more easily. This all the more, since the connecting plate part is provided with perforations. The weakening in relation to a turn extending across an equal distance is compensated by providing additional turns, ribs and/or steel cross-sections to plate parts, or by having connections overlap and fixing these to one another, or otherwise.
According to a further feature it is provided for that a body of insulating material is received between inner plate part, connecting plate part and outer plate part or finishing plate, said outer plate part being constituted by an outer plate part of a subsequent building component or by a second constituent part. In order to further enhance the stiffness and strength, depending on the embodiment of the building component it is provided for that the body comprising an insulating material is mounted at least fixedly against at least one of the inner sides of outer plate part, connecting plate part, or inner plate part, respectively.
In case of an insulating body mounted fixedly against an outer plate part of the building component, it is achieved that a tight, non-deforming outer plate part can even be realized when using thin plate material. By further providing for additional, longitudinally extending ribs, bending of the outer plate part can be almost completely excluded. Furthermore, these ribs provide the building component with additional supporting action in the longitudinal direction from column to column, thereby relieving other plate parts and allowing e.g. the number of perforations in the connecting plate part to be enhanced.
By fixedly connecting the body of an insulating material to a portion of said connecting plate part as well, a stiffening of said connecting plate part per se and of the angular connection of the outer plate part and the connecting plate part is established.
Depending on the embodiment, the insulating material is mounted against the building component beforehand, so that this need not be done under mostly more difficult circumstances during work. However, this does not mean that one couldn't achieve the same result in case of separate supplies of building components and insulating material, that can be connected to one another during work.
According to another elaboration it is provided for that the connecting plate part is provided with at least one turn and preferably that one or more turns spaced from the transition between the connecting plate part and the outer plate part have been provided. Such a turn or such turns provide for a considerable enhancement of the connecting plate part stiffness, as a result of which a better engagement of the insulating body on said connecting plate part can be established and a greater stiffness of the building component can be achieved.
Such a turn can have e.g. a diagonal, U-shaped, or V-shaped profile. However, such turns can also be realized by having two plate parts, with a first plate part comprising an outer plate part and a portion of a connecting plate part and a second plate part comprising an inner plate part and likewise a portion of the connecting plate part, engage one another with a turn or a coupling. The coupling can be established by a mechanical fastening, clamping, welding, glueing or other suitable fastening method. In doing so, an insulation can be mounted between the coupled parts as a result of which a thermal bridge can be effectively prevented. A further advantage is that various materials or material qualities can be used or that inner plate part and outer plate part can be provided with a different coating.
Said connecting plate part contains perforations for reducing a thermal bridge between outer plate part and inner plate part as much as possible. According to the invention, it is provided for that the perforations in said connecting part are of elongate shape, extend in longitudinal direction of said building component and have been arranged offset to one another in two or more parallel rows. Here, it is preferably provided for that the distance between subsequent perforations in a row and the distance between the rows has been chosen such that an approximately continuous path is formed in at least one direction oblique in relation to the longitudinal direction. These paths extending in diagonal direction or oblique to the longitudinal direction of the building component perform the function of pull rods as a result of which the weakening entailed with the perforations can be kept at a minimum. Instead of elongate perforations, one can also provide for round or almost round, or triangular perforations.
By mutual offsets of the perforations the way from the outside to the inside is also considerably longer than with one single straight connection, as a consequence of which the thermal bridge can be kept limited as much as possible. According to a further elaboration it is provided for that at one or both outer ends and/or a portion of said connecting plate part lying between said outer ends, e.g. at half the distance of the span, the number of perforations and/or their dimensions are reduced across a limited distance, or that the perforations are completely omitted. With this feature, the loads can be transferred better to the structure holding the building components. Instead of this feature, or as an addition to it, further fastening means and/or supporting means can be provided, in which said further means can be carried out in metal or another material suitable to this end. Finally, this load transfer can be improved by the overlap of (a portion of) the connecting plate part, provided with a reinforcement or not.
The perforations indicated above can be arranged between the inner plate part and a first turn or coupling or between the outer plate part and a first turn or coupling. Further perforations having another ratio of length to width can be provided at the opposite side of the turn or coupling. According to a preferred embodiment said first-mentioned perforations are provided between the inner plate part and a first turn or coupling, and said further perforations are provided at the opposite side of the first turn or coupling. According to a further elaboration, the two rows of further perforations are arranged between the outer plate part and a first turn or coupling, said further perforations comprising at least two rows of perforations.
According to a further embodiment, the ratio of length to width of said further perforations is larger than the ratio of length to width of said first-mentioned perforations. There, the distance between between subsequent further perforations in a row is smaller or relatively smaller than the distance between said first-mentioned perforations. Here, round perforations instead of elongate perforations can be employed if a larger stiffness and strength is required.
When applying an overlap between components mounted in alignment, portions of the outer plate part, of the connecting plate part and/or of the reinforcements incorporated therein, of the inner plate part and/or of the turn can be straight or be removed across and angle in order to prevent an excessive stacking of plate thicknesses and/or for facilitating fastening of the components concerned. Portions of said plate parts can also continue across an angle to beyond the support and/or the end of said overlap. Overlapping plates or plate parts can incorporate turns for improving the fit and limiting the marking of these connections.
Through said overlap and couplings to fastening means between adjacent components in the (extreme) angles of said overlap, adjacent components can be coupled to one another with fixed moment.
In case of a moment-fixed coupling, a strip of material without perforations is present in the connecting plate part between the transition on the outer plate part and the first row of perforations in this connecting part, seen from the outer plate part, in order to provide attachments for obtaining said continuous (moment-fixed) coupling with said component at the position of a possible overlap with an adjacent component being in alignment. Such an unperforated strip can also be arranged between the turn in the connecting plate portion and/or the outer plate part and/or the connecting plate part and the first row of perforations in said connecting plate part, seen from the first-mentioned parts.
The stiffness of the building component can be guaranteed if one chooses one single turn for this embodiment. The weakening for the larger surface of the further perforations in relation to the surface of the connecting plate in which these have been provided, can be overcome to a sufficient degree by a fixed connection of the insulating body with the outer plate part and the connection or its engagement with the connecting plate part and/or the turn arranged in it. The contribution of the profiled outer part in the transfer of force too can compensate for said weakening.
The inner plate part and connecting part can also contain one or more turns in order to enhance the strength and stiffness of these parts of the building component.
The mutual coupling of the building components is very important for the stiffness of a structure built with said building components, such as an outer wall. A first component is fixedly mounted to the supporting structure with said inner plate part, whereupon an overlapping outer plate part of a subsequent building component is fastened to the outside of the underlying outer plate part by means of fastening means such as e.g. screws. According to a further elaboration, it is provided for, that the free end of an inner plate part has an end turn which is intended to abut or engage the connecting plate part of the subsequent building component. Thus, subsequent building components form a particularly stiff sleeve, to which the tightly enclosed insulation body and the ribs in the outer plate part contribute to a large degree. There, the end turn supports the connecting plate part and contributes to the absorption of loads exerted on the building component.
According to a yet further elaboration, the connecting plate part contains perforations for taking up portions of an end turn of an inner plate of a preceding building component, as a result of which a fixed engagement can be realized without any further separate connecting means.
According to the invention it is provided for that at least one of the outer ends of the building component holds adjustments for properly connecting building components in rows and columns standing at right angles thereto, in which it mainly concerns the points where four building components or material thicknesses meet.
In one of the embodiments it is provided for that at least at one outer end of a building component, the inner plate part and the outer plate part extend to beyond that outer end of the building component. With a building component in which inner plate part and outer plate part project at one side, they will come to lie across the corresponding parts of a subsequent building component in the row and the connecting plate parts and the end turns of the inner plate parts will contact one another. By properly connecting the insulation bodies in subsequent building components, a proper sealing remains guaranteed. However, it is also possible to have the parts overlap just like with other embodiments.
It is also possible to have the inner plate part and the outer plate part, respectively, at opposite outer ends, extending across equal distances to beyond the outer ends, in which a portion of the connecting plate part extends across said distance or otherwise. According to a further elaboration, it is provided for that at one outer end, a receiving space is provided between the inner side of an outer plate part and/or the bottom side (of a portion) of the connecting plate part and the insulating body mounted against it, for receiving the portion of an outer plate of a subsequent building component. Finally, it is possible that also (a portion of) the connecting plate part extends to beyond the outer end. The fastening part can also extend farther.
Instead of having parts of a building component connect to one another by an overlap with corresponding parts of a subsequent building component, according to a further elaboration it is provided for that subsequent building components are connected to one another in a row with a coupling element. Then, at least the inner plate parts of successive building components will abut each other or be spaced from one another, in which, according to the invention a coupling column element is mounted which at least contacts the projecting portions of the inner plate parts of successive building components. This has the advantage that the building components can be quickly attached to a supporting structure whereupon a coupling column element can provide for a proper connection and sealing between the subsequent building components.
According to a further elaboration, a coupling column component comprises an inner part contacting the projecting portions of the inner plate parts of subsequent building components, an outer part contacting the inner side of projecting portions of the outer plate parts and an insulation body between inner part and outer part of said coupling column element.
A coupling column element can also be embodied such that is spans an angle in a direction transverse to the direction of the column, by which e.g. a connection of the building components to two subsequent sides of a building can be established.
An important advantage of the building component according to the invention is that the construction can take place in subsequent vertical or slanting columns which can be built fully from bottom to top before starting on the next column. Thus, it is not necessary to mount a complete row in horizontal direction before starting on a row situated higher. This goes for both the building components with overlapping portions and the building components which are connected by a coupling element.
Yet further, a coupling component is provided with one side connecting to a building component and the opposite side being arranged to connect to a structure component. Such a structure component is e.g. a window frame or a door frame.
Further it is additionally provided for, that the last building component in a column of successive components has been shortened in said connecting plate part, preferably at a turn, thus providing a roof edge profile having substantially an inverted U-shape and encompassing the top edge of the outer plate part of said shortened last building component and the top edge of the inner plate part of a second last building component. After that it is provided for, that the first building component in column of successive components has been shortened in the connecting plate part, preferably at a turn, with a ledge being fastened to said connecting plate part of said shortened building component and extending past the lower edge of the outer plate part of a subsequent building component.
According to the invention further a building component is provided for being mounted at the outer side of a structure, e.g. in the form of an outer wall, a roof or an inner wall, comprising an outer plate part, an inner plate part and connecting plate parts extending between outer plate part and inner plate part, together forming a closed or almost closed structure square to the longitudinal direction of said building component, with a body consisting of an insulating material being fixedly connected to at least one plate part of the building component or is completely enclosed between said plate parts, at least one of the plate parts being provided with ribs and/or a turn in order to enhance the stiffness in at least one direction and the external shape of upper connecting plate parts being complementary to the external shape of lowermost connecting plate parts.
According to a variation, further, a profiled building component is provided which is arranged to be mounted at the outside of a structure, e.g. in the shape of an outer wall, roof or inner wall, comprising an end turn, an inner plate part and a connecting plate part or portion of a connecting plate part, together forming a closed or almost closed structure transverse to the longitudinal direction of said building component, and a fastening point for a further outer wall finishing, with a body comprising an insulating material being fixedly or not fixedly connected to at least one plate part of said building component, at least one of said plate parts being provided with ribs and/or a turn in order to enhance the stiffness of the plate part concerned in at least one direction and the external shape of topmost connecting plate parts being complementary to the external shape of lowermost connecting plate parts.
Such a profiled building component can be carried out as a building component which is fastened to a supporting structure in its entirety or as a two-part building component first having the inner part fastened to the supporting structure and subsequently having the outer part placed within the inner part and attached to it.
The invention also relates to individual constituent parts of a building component and a building component assembled from said parts. A first constituent part comprises an inner plate part having a connecting plate part or a portion of said connecting plate part, with or without accompanying end turn or coupling. A second constituent part comprises an outer plate part having a connecting plate part or a portion of said connecting plate part, with or without accompanying end turn or coupling. Instead of an outer plate part one can also employ another finishing plate, e.g. a finishing part engaging building components. Then, at least one of the constituent parts is provided, in advance or on the building site, with an insulating body. The coupling between the first and second constituent parts, respectively, and/or between a first and a second constituent part and a finishing component is established on the building site by clamping, screwing or another way of mechanichal coupling.
According to further elaborations it can be provided for

that the first constituent part is asymmetric to a connecting plate part or a portion of it projecting farther in outward direction than the end turn;
that the second constituent part comprises an outer plate part and a portion of a connecting plate part; and
that additional turns and/or material sections have been provided in said connecting plate part and/or said inner plate part transverse to the longitudinal direction, for stiffening and reinforcement.

The invention further provides for an embodiment of the building component in which the outer plate part is carried out as an fastening part to which a finishing plate can be fastened. This finishing plate can extend across one or a number of said building components. The inner plate part, connecting plate part and the attaching part can be provided with turns, perforations and end turns such as described with the preceding embodiments. In at least the overlap of subsequent building components, preferably in the connecting plate part at one or both of the sides of the perforations provided in the connecting plate part, a strip of material without any perforations is kept free in order to be able to couple the subsequent building components by fastening means.
In another elaboration, the perforations directly connecting to the fastening part are less long than the perforations directly connecting to the inner plate part.
In this embodiment, depending on whether or not the building components are coupled to one another by fastening means, the insulating body is premounted or in use after mutual coupling of the building components.
When employing constituent parts in combination or separately having another type of finish, if necessary, one will provide measures for reinforcing and/or stiffening the building component in the form of reinforcing components or coupling components. To this end, the turn in the connecting plate part can be used as fastening surface for a further outer wall finishing to be mounted. This surface and the connecting plate part can be provided with further turns and mat-erial sections for a strength and stiffness to be achieved.
To that end, one could also provided a profiling of the connecting plate part and/or the inner plate part transverse to its longitudinal direction.
The inner plate part can also be provided with further turns for a stiffness to be achieved. In a preferred embodiment these turns are mounted at such a distance from the connecting plate part that together with the connecting plate part, these turns contribute to the strength and stiffness of the component in its entirety. Apart from a stiffening and strengthening function, these turns can be designed such, that they offer the possibility for an additional fastening of some outer finishing of said building component.
When using an individual inner plate part with a connecting plate part or a portion of the connecting plate part and an end turn, in which the turn in said connecting plate part is employed as fastening part for a further outer wall finishing to be mounted an additional strength and stiffness can be obtained by having the aligned components overlap at their points of support, in which at their outer ends portions of the component or portions of plate parts of said component at a straight or angle are removed in order to facilitate said overlapping, in order to prevent an excessive stacking of material thicknesses and/or in order to facilitate fastening of the components concerned. Within this framework, additional turns can be provided in the plate parts of overlapping components.
By coupling the overlapping components at the location of the overlap, and that in the approximately outermost corners of the overlap, a moment-fixed coupling between the components can be achieved, thus enhancing the moment-stiffness and strength of the outer wall structure in its entirety. By suitably arranging the perforations and the turns, the corners concerned of the overlaps can provide enough material for positioning the attachments providing for coupling.
In order to prevent instability of a constituent component or building component preceding its fastening to a structure situated behind it, said component is placed above and/or next to a component already mounted against a structure, according to a further elaboration it can be provided for that the connecting plate part and/or the end turn or coupling and/or the outer end of the constituent part or building component has been designed such that through support or clamping they derive stability at least temporarily to previously arranged constituent parts or building components.
In all embodiments of the building component according to the invention it can be provided for that the insulating body is composed of at least two insulation materials having a different density and/or stiffness, due to which the building component can be reinforced further on positions where this is desirable.
The function of the insulating material in the building component according to the invention is of great importance due to the many functions it performs, among which are stated in particular:

keeping the outer plate part taught and flat;
preventing or counteracting distortion of the outer plate part square to the ribs extending in longitudinal direction;
spreading the loads and passing these to the connecting plate part;
support said connecting plate part and the continuous connections between perforations in said connecting plate part against bending, buckling and/or folding;
coupling the outer plate part to said connecting plate part in order to prevent or counteract angular torsion at the connection between both plate parts;
due to the connection with the outer plate part, the building components can be stacked without sagging;
reinforcement of the sleeve shape, arising between successive building components;
in case of fire, the shape of the building component is partly maintained by the fixed connection with the connecting plate part, which prevents the occurrence of open spaces in and/or between the components, reducing or eliminating the fire-resisting properties of an assembly of building components; and
limiting the number of manipulations on the building site to one manipulation.

In the following, the invention is explained further by way of the example given in the drawing, in which:

figs. 1A-C: show schematically three embodiments of the building component;
figs. 2A-H: show schematically a number of possible turns in the connecting plate part;
figs. 3A-B: show a turn in the connecting plate part with the structural effective zones;
fig. 4: shows an embodiment of the building component in perspective view;
fig. 5: shows schematically a portion of said connectting plate part with perforations arranged therein;
figs. 6A-B: show two embodiments of possible perforations in the connecting plate part;
figs. 7A-F: show a number of different other turns and couplings between inner and outer part in the connecting plate part;
figs. 8A-E: show an example of an end turn of the inner plate part;
figs. 9A-F: show a number of variations of end turn of the inner plate part and coupling in the connecting plate part;
figs. 10A-C: show three cross-sections of a sequence of building components;
figs. 11A-D: show a first embodiment of overlapping portions of two subsequent building components;
figs. 12A-F: show a second embodiment of overlapping portions of two subsequent building components;
figs. 13A,B: show overlapping building components of a roof structure;
figs. 14A,B: show a cross-section and view of a column coupling component;
fig. 15: shows a cross-section of a coupling component for a corner connection;
fig. 16: shows a cross-section of a column coupling component for connection to a structural element;
figs. 17A-C: show embodiments of a roof edge profile and ledge to be fastened to the building component;
figs. 18A-C: show replacing of the outer plate part;
figs. 19A-C: show a first further embodiment of the building component;
figs. 20A-C: show a second further embodiment of the building component;
figs. 21A-F: show a third further embodiment of the building component;
figs. 22A-B: show a number of examples of mutually engaging constituent parts of a building component;
figs. 23A-C: show a number of examples of inner plate parts with connecting plate parts to be employed in combination with various types of finishing plates;
fig. 24: shows an overlap with coupling between two of such components at a point of support;
figs. 25A-C: show examples of the blanks of the outer ends of such components;
figs. 26A-C: show three variations of mutually engaging outer plate parts;
figs. 27A-C: show two variations of a building component for use in a roof structure;
figs. 28A-B: show a view and cross-section of connecting plate part and fastening part of a building component; and
figs. 29A-B: show a view and cross-section of a further embodiment of the connecting plate part and fastening part of a building component.

Fig. 1A shows a building component 1 having an inner plate part 2, a connecting plate part 3 and an outer plate part 4. An insulating body 5 is mounted against the inside of the outer plate part 4 and fixedly mounted with it. Preferably, the insulating body 5 is likewise fixedly connected to connecting plate part 3 or to a portion of said connecting plate part 3. The top edge of inner plate part 2 is provided with an end turn 6 by which it will abut a connecting plate part 3 of an upper building component.
Fig. 1B shows a similar building component in which a turn 7 has been made in the connecting plate part 3. The turn 7 comprises a U-shaped turn giving the connecting plate part 3 a greater stiffness, which is further improved by the better engagement performed on it by the insulating body 5. The turn 8 of building component 1 in fig. 1C comprises the individual turns of opposite edges of parts 10, 11 of a connecting plate part subsequently fastened to one another by fastening means 8'. The division of connecting plate part 3 in parts 10, 11 offers the possibility to use various materials and various material thicknesses for inner plate part and outer plate part and/or providing them with a different quality of coating and/or a different colour.
Figs. 2A-H show various possible examples of turns 9, 9', which can extend both downwards and upwards, can be arranged at a corner point between connecting plate part 3 and outer plate part 4, can make an angle with connecting plate part 3 or can be provided in a plurality. The depth of turn 9, 9' or the number of turns can also be used, at a given width of the plate material, to adapt the total width and individual widths of the plate parts at wish.
The cross-sections according to figs. 3A, B show a building component 1 in which a thick line indicates where the building component 1 has been reinforced and stiffened by turns and the relation to the insulating body 5. Fig. 3B indicates a fastening screw pin 13 by which an outer plate part 4 of a subsequent building component can be fastened to a preceding building component and which extends through the turn 9. Such a way of fastening establishes a further enhancement of the strength and stiffness of the building component and thus of the strength and stiffness of the sleeves formed by subsequent building components.
Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of a building component 1 with series of perforations 12, 24 being arranged in parts 10, 11 at both sides of turn 9 in connecting plate part 3. The individual perforations 12 are arranged such that the spaces between perforations offset to one another in subsequent rows are on an almost continuous strip of material, in fig. 5 indicated with the lines 15, 16, as a result of which forces acting on the connecting plate part are properly taken up and distributed. Thus, weakening of the connecting plate part is kept as limited as possible. The effect of the perforations is that the thermal bridge formed by the connecting plate part is considerably reduced by the long way from the outside to the inside, see arrow 17 in fig. 5. Here, instead of elongate perforations, one can also provide round or almost round, or triangular perforations.
The series of perforations 14 in part 10 of connecting plate part 3 in fig. 4 are longer and more closely spaced than the perforations 12, as a result of which the thermal bridge in this outer part 10 in proportion can be more strongly reduced than in the inner part 11 with perforations 12. The weakening by the perforations 14 is indeed in proportion greater again, however, due to the smaller surface and because the outer part 10 derives a portion of its strength and stiffness to the nearby bending between connecting plate part 3 and outer plate part 4, here the reduced strength and stiffness caused by perforations 14 is less relevant. However, for the strength and stiffness of inner part 11, which is substantially plane, upstanding inner plate part 2 is of great importance. The perforations 14 are not allowed to weaken the inner part 11 too much and are therefore provided in or near the central area of the inner part 11, so that a large part at the inner side of the perforations 14 can be as strong and stiff as possible. Here it is also possible to provide round, almost round, or triangular perforations instead of elongate perforations.
The perforations 12, 14 can be formed by punching the material of connecting plate part 3 completely away, as indicated in fig. 6A. It is also possible to leave a strip of material at one side connected to connecting plate part 3 and forming a perforation by bending the strip 18. Therefore the stiffness of connecting plate part 3 is greater than if the strips would be removed completely. By engagement of the insulating body 5 on the bent strips 8, the stiffness is further enhanced.
Figs. 7A-H show more examples of possible connections between parts 10, 11 of a connecting plate 3, in which the parts 10, 11 respectively form a unity with outer plate part 4 and inner plate part 2. Depending on the desired stiffness of the connection and stiffness of the connecting plate part 3, the turns 9 can be arranged flat on one another, be turned or be folded once or several times. Coupling can be effected through welding, screwing or any other suitable mechanical coupling.
Fig. 8A,B show schematically a cross-section of two subsequent building components 1, in which the end turn 6 of the inner plate part 2 comprises a continuous edge strip 19 and a series of spaced apart lips 20 mounted on it. A series of perforations 21 for receiving lips 20 has been provided in connecting plate part 3. This embodiment of the end turn 6 improves the mutual relation to the successive building components and thus that of the entire structure.
Figs. 9A-F show six further variations in which the end turn 6 engages a light profile 61 in the connecting plate part 3 of a subsequent building component 1. These variations have the advantage that it is not necessary to remove a small corner from the insulation body 5 to make room for a penetrating end turn as in the embodiment according to figs. 8A,B. With the variations according to figs. 9D,E, the end turn 6 contributes to the uptake of loads by connecting plate part 3. Since here the end turn 6 extends to underneath the portion of the connecting plate part in which perforations are made, it can be provided with corresponding perforations. With the variation according to fig. 9F, the turn 61 opens up wider in the direction of inner plate part 2, by which the positioning of the end turn 6 between connecting plate part 3 and insulation body 5 lying beneath it is facilitated and possible dimensional tolerances can be compensated.
Figs. 10A-C show cross-sections of subsequent building components 1, in which a sealing foil 22 has been applied across the series of perforations 12, 14. The foil 22 is intended for preventing an air flow from arising between end turn 6, connecting plate part 3 of the subsequent building component 1, perforations 12, 14 and between the outer plate parts 4 of subsequent building components 1, in case of not properly connecting inner plate parts 2 of subsequent building components 1. Such an air flow will in general not be able to arise easily, since the insulating bodies 5 provide for a sufficient sealing also in case of a less proper connection of building components.
The sealing foil 22, which is preferably a water vapour proof foil, across the perforations 12, 14 provides for that the weakening caused by the perforations 12, 14 is partly overcome. The foil 22 further provides for that in case of fire, the oxygen supply from the outside is largely prevented, which can be further improved by providing the foil with means that increase their volume in case of a temperature rise, so that the sealing will then definitely be guaranteed.
In case of a not completely tight connection between subsequent inner plate parts 2, condensed water may be formed inside a building component 1. This condensed water passes through or along the insulating body 5 and onto the connecting plate part 3 of a building component 1 situated underneath it. Thus, preferably the connecting plate part 3 has such an angle to the inner plate part 2, by which the building component is fixed to a supporting structure, that possible condensed water will flow to the outside, see fig. 10B. In fig. 9C, outer plate part 4 is turned in such a way along the bottom edge 23, that just above the bottom edge 23 a relief groove 24 is formed between subsequent outer plate parts 4, allowing possible condensed water to easily flow out through the small space between overlapping outer plate parts 4. Further the relief groove 24 provides for that leak water between connecting outer plate parts 4 can not get inwards into the components, but will be discharged to the outside.
Figs. 11A,B show a perspective view of two subsequent building components 1 and blanks of the outer ends of said building components, respectively. The left-hand building component in the figure has extensions 2' and 4' of inner plate part 2 and outer plate part 4, respectively, which in case of contacted building components 1 will come to lie across inner plate part 2 and outer plate part 4 of the subsequent building component. Here, extension 2' will end up under the end turn 6 of the subsequent building component 1. Variations are possible.
The schematic cross-sections according to the figs. 11C,D indicate that there will never be more than 2 plate parts overlapping one another at the inside of the building components. At the outside, this is not possible for a proper sealing and 4 outer plate parts 4 will lie across one another in an overlapping point. However, here the outer plate parts do not cross one another, so that it is not necessary to cut or saw away portions of the plate parts 4 at the point of connection at the building site.
Figs. 12A,B show a perspective view and blanks of building components, respectively, which are provided with extensions 2' and 4' at both outer ends of the building components 1. Therefore, here the building components are carried out completely symmetrically. For a better sealing at the front side, the extensions 4' are longer than the extensions 2'. In order to have sufficient space for being able to receive an extension 4' at the inner side of an outer plate part 4, insulation body 5 has been detached across a distance 5'.
In the cross-sections according to fig. 12C,D, the difference in length of the extensions 2' and 4' is clearly visible. Here, the extension 2' can have a somewhat tapering shape. The end turns 6, the connecting plate parts 3 and the insulation bodies 5 will directly abut one another. The building components have been fastened to supporting beam 25 with fastening means 26, 27, with fastening means 26 only engaging inner plate parts 2 and fastening means 27 extending through at least two outer plate parts 4 and an inner plate part 2.
Figs. 13A,B show an example of a roof structure constructed with the building components 1, in which said building components 1 have been mounted with a certain slope 28. In this embodiment of building components 1, the end edges 29 of the outer plate parts 4 have an oblique course 29 so that draining rain water can never get between the overlapping portions of outer plate parts 4 and into the insulation material.
Figs. 14A,B show a perspective view and a cross-section of another solution for having subsequent building components connect. To this end, a coupling column component 30 comprising an inner part 31, an outer part 32 and an intermediately mounted insulation body 33 has been provided. The outer ends of building components 1 are executed such that the parts 31, 32 have enough space for abutting the inner sides of inner plate parts 2 and outer plate parts 4, respectively. By mounting said building components spaced-apart against the supporting beams, one obtains sufficient space for the coupling column component. The outermost part 32 is provided with a back 34 projecting outwards beyond outer plate part 4, which substantially has a visual function. Coupling column elements 30 have a length by which they extend across at least a number of building components 1.
Fig. 15 shows a further embodiment of a coupling column component 35 differing from previous coupling column component 30 in that, seen transverse to its longitudinal direction, extends across an angle of about 90°. Thus, a connection between building components to adjacent walls of a building can be realized in a simple way.
A related coupling component 36 connecting to a structural body 37, e.g. a window sill 37, is shown in fig. 16. This component comprises an inner plate 38, an outer plate 39 and an insulating body 40.
Figs. 17A-C show schematically that in a sequence of building components 1, for the first and last component in the stack one employs a building component 1 which is cut or sawn or cut into two parts at the turn 9 in connecting plate part 3. The upper part having end turn 6, inner plate part 2 and the part 11 of connecting plate part 3 is as first one in the stack, in which a ledge 41 has been secured to part 11 of the original connecting plate part 3. The lower part with outer plate part 4, insulation body 5 and part 10 of connecting plate part 3 is employed as last part in the stack, in which a roof edge profile 42 has been mounted on the stack for sealing.
With said building components 1 according to the invention it is also simple to replace the outer plate part 4 of a building component 1 damaged at the outside, see figs. 18A-C. The fastening means of an outer plate part 4 are detached, whereupon the building component 1 is sawn or cut through at the turn 9 and subsequently outer plate part 4 and insulation body 5 are removed. After that, a similar new part can easily be inserted and fastened.
Figs. 19A-C illustrate an embodiment of a building component 51 comprising an inner plate part 52 with a connecting plate part 53 secured to it which is provided with perforations 57 not further illustrated in the figure and with a loose outer plate part 54 in which an insulating body 55 is fixedly mounted. The insulating body 55 is made up of insulating materials having different densities 55' and 55'', in such a way that the greatest stiffness is obtained at the side of the outer plate part 54, however, this is not necessary. In this embodiment, inner plate part 52, as seen from connecting plate part 53, is turned downwards, as a result of which an almost inverted U-shaped component enclosing an insulating body 55 is achieved with a completely constructed building component. The lower and upper limits 56, 58 complement one another. The complete building component 1 is ready for mouting and can easily be stacked and secured.
A variation to this is illustrated in figs. 20A-C in which the inner plate part is also provided with a connecting plate part 59 at the bottom side, which is intended to engage the bottom edge or a turned portion of it, of outer plate part 54. In this way, a building component is assembled which, when seen transverse to its longitudinal direction, has a closed casing. With assembled insulating body 55', 55" this closely resembles a sandwich structure, however with the great difference that the insulation body is trapped within a stiff sleeve structure and the structural connection between outer plate part and inner plate part is not only constituted by the insulating material, but also by at least one connecting plate part. Using these variations, a wall can be erected quickly too.
Figs. 21A-C illustrate a variation of the embodiment according to figs. 19A-C, in which connecting plate part 53 is mounted at the bottom side of inner plate part 52 and engages a turned portion at the bottom side of outer plate part 54. Wit this variation, a mounted building component has an almost U-shaped structure. When mounting this variation, first all inner plate parts 52 can be mounted, whereupon all outer plate parts 54 with insulating bodies 55', 55" can be placed onto the connecting plate parts 53, without them having to be additionally secured.
Figs. 21C-F illustrate a number of possible variations of supporting and clamping structures for coupling connecting outer and inner components and some examples of reinforcements of the component with possible ways of coupling a component to an outer plate part or another embodiment of finishing, see fig. 21C.
Fig. 22A illustrates a constituent part comprising an inner plate part 52 and a part 53 of the connecting plate part in more detail, said reinforcement 71 at the end of part 53 being provided with additional turns and/or a material cross-section for enhancing the strength and stiffness of the component. The turn at the inside of the connecting plate part is formed such that a next positioned component can not slide or rotate and fall down before it has been secured.
Fig. 22B shows two components mounted to each other with inner plate parts 52 and the extensions 52' of the inner plate parts of adjacent component parts. Since the extensions of the inner plate parts overlap, an already secured component prevents an adjacently positioned but not yet secured component from sliding or rotating and possibly from falling down. In this way, also (a portion of) said connecting plate part provided with a reinforcement or otherwise can for this purpose offer temporary stabilization to the component not yet secured through said overlap.
Figs. 23A-C illustrate three examples of a building component substantially comprising an inner plate part 52 with connecting plate part 53, which is suitable for being abutted by various finishing plates, and securing them by means of a fastening part 71. Said fastening part is provided with turns and/or profiled in order to give said building component sufficient stiffness and strength. In other embodiments, additional stiffness and strength is achieved by an outer plate part extending farther, which is established here with said fastening part. Here, connecting plate part 53 is designed such that it closely connects to end turn 79 of the connecting building component, as illustrated here with complementary profiles. This can also be done with perforations and parts projecting in them, possibly combined with a complementary profile.
Stiffening 71 can be provided with additional turns in view of enhancing the strength and stiffness of the component, and/or in view of the stiffening of part 71 per se, such as is intended e.g. with the additional turn 80 in fig. 23A.
Turns 81/81' and 82/82' in connecting plate part 53, and end turn 79, respectively, as indicated in this figure as well, have the purpose of facilitating and guaranteeing the exact positioninng of the connecting components in one line, in which 81/81' prevents or limits sliding of the components in relation to one another in one direction, and 82/82' does this in the opposite direction.
Turns 83/83' in the connection between connecting plate part and end turn 79, respectively, and inner plate part 52 have the function of stacking the components in order to facilitate a compact transport of these components to the building site, improving the fit of the connecting components at the mutual overlap and of reducing the mutual marking of the part with overlap in relation to the part without overlap, at the inside of the outer wall.
Turns 84/84' in inner plate part 52 have the purpose of stiffening last-mentioned plate part and it preferably cooperates with connecting plate part 53 and other supporting plate parts in order to render the builing component stronger and stiffer in its entirety.
Turn 84'' in illustration 23C stiffens and reinforces the inner plate part and also forms an additional fastening possibility for a further outer wall finishing.
Fig. 24 shows an example of a possible embodiment of an overlap at a point of support where a moment-fixed coupling is achieved. At column 85, building components 86, 86' and 86" overlap building components 87, 87' and 87'' Near the outer ends of the overlap, fastening parts 88 and 88' are coupled by means of the fastenings 89 and 89', possibly in the form of fastening of the further outer wall finishing. In the unperforated zone between fastening parts 88 and 88' and the first row of perforations in the connecting plate parts, seen from said fastening parts, the connecting plate parts 90 and 90' are coupled by means of fastenings 91 and 91', near the outer ends of the overlap.
In the zone without perforations between inner plate parts 92' and the first row of perforations in the connecting plate parts, seen from said inner plate parts near the outer ends of the overlap, connecting plate parts 90 and 90' are coupled by means of fastenings 93 and 93'. These fastenings 94 and 94' provide for fastening the building components to column 85. Depending on the way and position of the fastening, this fastening can also be executed as a moment-stiff coupling to the column, which can be of particular importance at outer wall ends.
Figs. 25A-C illustrate possible embodiments of an outer end of the building component, in the shape of a blank of a possible design. Illustrated are inner plate part 95, end turn 96, partly or fully perforated connecting plate part 97 and fastening part 98 and fastening part 99 to be turned.
A perforation 102 in any form can be incorporated in the outer end of inner plate part 95 for offering space to the possibly already mounted fastening of the adjacent component already mounted. End turn 96 and fastening part 99 to be turned can be provided with a perforation 100 and 101, respectively, in order to limit the material stacking at the overlap to three material thicknesses. In fig. 25A, the length of the perforation equals half a colum and/or overlap width plus a possible tolerance dimension.
In fig. 25B connecting plate part 97 and fastening part 98 extend farther than beyond the end of the overlap formed by inner plate part 95. In this way, these parts can provide additional support for the adjacent building component without the overlap of the inner plate part ending aside the column instead of behind the column and thus will become visible.
In fig. 25C, connecting plate part 97, across an angle, and fastening part 98 extend farther than beyond the end of the overlap formed by inner plate part 95. The angle of fastening plate part 97 is chosen such that a transfer of force from the building component to the structure behind it will be distributed as evenly as possible.
Figs. 26A-C illustrate three variations for mutual engagement of outer plate parts 4 of subsequent building components 1. According to a first variation, upwardly extending longitudinal grooves 62 are provided in an outer plate part 4, serving as reinforcement ribs, one longitudinal groove of which being intended for receiving the turned end edge 63 of an outer plate part 4. There, end edge 63 hooks into longitudinal groove 62. Upwardly extending longitudinal grooves provide for that no water can remain behind in them. A fastening member 65 can be arranged in an inwardly turned part 64 of outer plate part 4 which member will be hidden from sight after mounting a subsequent building component 1. In the second variation, the longitudinal grooves 66 extend straight inwards and the end edge 67 is bent such, that it can be clampingly received in a longitudinal groove 66. The third variation has various longitudinal grooves 66, 68 of which only longitudinal groove 68 is intended for receiving an end edge 69. Longitudinal groove 68 and end edge 69 are carried out such that end edge 69 hooks into longitudinal edge 68 but furthermore also clampingly engages the narrower opening 70 of longitudinal groove 69. Thus, a proper connection can be established, in which watering of the longitudinal groove 69 is prevented.
Mutual engagement of outer plate parts 4 has the advantage that the strength and stiffness are enhanced and, since the longitudinal grooves from the outside appear similar to the reinforcement ribs, that this hidden coupling provides for a smooth and uniform appearance.
Figs. 27A, B illustrate variations of a building component 72 intended to be used for both slanting and flat roofs. Building component 72 has an outer plate part 73 having an edge turn 74, a connecting plate part 75 and an innner plate part 76 having an end turn 77, 77', in which insulating body is connected to inner plate part 76 and/or connecting plate part 75. Ribs 78, 78' extending in longitudinal direction have been provided in the inner plate part for its strength and stiffness. Fig. 24C shows a portion of a roof structure having a number of connecting building components 72.
Figs. 28A,B illustrate a view across and a cross-section transverse to the longitudinal direction of a building component 103 having a fastening part 106, connecting plate part 104 and inner plate part 105.
Fastening part 106 having a double plate thickness contains a turn 107. Connecting plate part 104 contains a turn 108 between the transition to fastening part 106 and the first row of perforations 110 and a turn 109 between the rows of perforations 110 and 111 in this plate part. Further turns 112 are provided at the transition from connecting plate part 104 to inner plate part 105, said turns 112 connecting to and fitting into turns of a precedingly mounted building component. Further, turn 113 is incorporated in inner plate part 105.
Figs. 29A,B illustrate a further embodiment of connecting plate part 104, in which similar reference numbers have been employed where it corresponds to the embodiment according to figs. 28A,B. However, here perforations 114, 115 at both sides of the turn 109 are substantially of triangular shape. Turn 109, which is made wider here and has a flat bottom part, additionally holds another perforation 115.
A number of rows of perforations 110 have been provided between turns 108 and 109 in connecting plate part 104. A second number of rows of perforations 111 is accomodated between
turn 109 and turns 112 in connecting plate part 104. Perforations 110 have a smaller length than perforations 111.
All features according to the invention are applicable to all variations described and/or illustrated, as far as they are relevant for them.

Claims

Profiled building component intended for mounting at the outside of a structure and which, seen from the inside to the outside, comprises an inner plate part, a connecting plate part and an outer part, said inner plate part and outer part being arranged at an angle to said connecting plate part and extending in the same direction or in opposite directions, perforations being made in said connecting plate part and at least one of the plate parts and/or the outer part being designed to connect to a plate part and/or an outer part of a subsequent building component, at least one of said plate parts and/or said outer part being provided with one or more ribs and/or one or more turns in order to enhance the stiffness and the strength of said building component.
Building component according to claim 2, characterized in that the outer part is carried out as a fastening part for fastening a finishing plate to it, or an as outer plate part.
Building component according to claim 2, characterized in that the inner plate part and/or outer plate part and/or fastening part is provided with one or more longitudinally extending ribs or turns.
Building component according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the connecting plate part is provided with at least one turn, said turn or turns having been spaced from the transition between connecting plate part and outer part or outer plate part.
Building component according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the connecting plate part comprises a first and second part, in which said first and second parts extend in longitudinal direction of the building component and said first and second parts are fixedly coupled to one another at a turn or coupling.
Building component according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the free outer end of an inner plate part has an end turn intended to abut against and/or engage a connecting plate part of a subsequent building component.
Building component according to claim 6, characterized in that the end turn extend across a distance from the inside to the outside which is smaller than the distance from the inside to the outside which is bridged by the connecting plate part.
Building component according claims 6-7, characterized in that the end turn, as far as it extends below a portion of said connecting plate part which is provided with perforations, is provided with perforations corresponding to the perforations arranged in said connecting plate part.
Building component according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises one or more individual constituent parts, with a first constituent part comprising an inner plate part having an end turn and a connecting plate part or a portion of a connecting plate part and with a second constituent part comprising an outer plate part, having a portion of a connecting plate part or not, and with the constituent parts being arranged for engaging one another at the connecting plate part.
Building component according to claim 9, characterized in that the outer plate part in relation to the connecting plate part extends in the same direction als the inner plate part.
Building component according to claim 10, characterized in that the outer plate part is arranged for connecting to or engaging the connecting plate part and/or fastening part of the first constituent part.
Building component according to claims 1-11, characterized in that the perforations in the connecting part are circular, triangular or elongate in shape, with elongate perforations extending in longitudinal direction of the building component and said perforations being arranged in one or more rows.
Building component according to claim 12, characterized in that in case of two or more rows, the perforations are arranged offset to one another in subsequent rows and with the distance between subsequent perforations in a row and the distance between the rows is chosen such that an approximatly continuous path is formed in at least one direction oblique in relation to the longitudinal direction.
Building component according to claims 12-13, characterized in that in at least one of the outer ends of the connecting plate part and/or at least at the position of one other portion thereof, the number of perforations and/or the size thereof has been reduced, or have not been provided.
Building component according to claims 1-14, characterized in that at least one of the outer ends of the building component is provided with adaptations for mutual engagement of building components in rows and columns being square to them and their intersecting lines, in which a formed adaptation can comprise a butt joint or an overlap between parts of the building component.
Building component according to claim 15, characterized in that the inner plate part, the outer plate part and/or the connecting plate part or a portion thereof at at least one outer end of a building component extend beyond said outer end of said building component.
Building component according to claim 16, characterized in that fastening means and/or supporting means have been provided at least at one of the outer ends of the connecting plate part and/or at least one other part thereof, in which a supporting means can also comprise an overlap with an adjacent component formed during work.
Building component according to claims 16-17, characterized in that fastening means have been provided in zones free of perforations in overlapping portions of connecting plate parts of subsequent building components.
Building component according to claims 1-18, characterized in that a body of insulating material has been provided which is received between inner plate part, connecting plate part and outer plate part, in which finishing layer or outer plate part are constituted by an outer plate part of a subsequent building component or by a second constituent part.
Building component according to claim 19, characterized in that the body consisting of an insulating material is arranged at least fixedly to at least one of the inner sides of outer plate part, connecting plate part, inner plate part or finishing plate, respectively.
Building component according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in subsequent building components, an outer plate part engages the outer plate part of a building component underneath it, in which the engagement takes place by hooking and/or clamping in and to that end the outer plate parts have been provided with complementary hooking and/or clamping members.
Coupling component for mutually coupling building components according to one or more of the preceding claims or for coupling building components according to one or more of the preceding claims to structural elements.