EP1523461A1

EP1523461A1 - Natural fertiliser and method for producing the same

Info

Publication number: EP1523461A1
Application number: EP03762671A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Andreas Kummer
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2002-07-09
Filing date: 2003-07-09
Publication date: 2005-04-20
Also published as: AU2003250013A1; WO2004005217A1; US20060048555A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a drillable natural fertiliser and to a method for producing the same. The aim of the invention is to provide a natural fertiliser based on horse manure and a method for producing said fertiliser which is simple, cost-effective and ecologically harmless and provides the fertiliser with good application properties. To this end, a natural fertiliser is produced, consisting of formed and dried horse droppings. The method for producing said fertiliser is characterised in that the horse droppings are collected and processed within a specific time frame.

Description

Natural fertilizer and process for its production

Be honest

The invention relates to a natural fertilizer and a method for its production according to the preamble of claims 1 and 22 and 43.

The intensive use of agricultural and horticultural areas requires additional fertilizers. The addition of mineral fertilizers can compensate for the nutrient used up. However, an exclusive fertilization based on mineral fertilizers has the disadvantage that no organic substance is added to the intensively used soil. However, organic matter in the soil is crucial for maintaining fertility. For this reason, soil-improving measures are carried out at regular intervals by adding humus-forming, organic substances. Animal manure has proven to be particularly suitable. However, animal manure is difficult to handle and can also lead to odor nuisance, especially in the allotment garden.

For example, various methods for treating animal manure have become known which can be used to improve the manageability of this valuable, organic substance. So in the German patent 23 34 494th Process for producing a granulated fertilizer from animal manure is described. This process provides that animal manure is first ground into a homogeneous, thin slurry and then this slurry is converted into granules, which are then dried. According to the process described, several processing steps are required, which make the grinding process, drying and granulation necessary. This method described there has several disadvantages. There is a risk that the intensive treatment during the production of the porridge, the intensive drying in a fluidized bed at over 100 ° C and the need to keep adding moisture to make the mass granulable could result in an unfavorable change in the nutrient composition can take place. In addition, this process is very energy intensive.

German patent application 26 42 332 specifies a process for drying wet fertilizers, such as horse manure, chicken manure and cow manure, in which the wet fertilizer is mixed with burnt, undeleted lime. This mixture is then ground, rolled, sieved and then processed as a fertilizer. The disadvantages of this method are, in particular, that the addition of a relatively aggressive substance, such as burnt, non-extinguished lime, results in increased production effort. In addition, the pH value shifts very strongly into the alkaline range due to the addition of the quicklime, so that this fertilizer cannot be used everywhere. In addition, the high pH value in the fertilizer can lead to the definition of important micronutrients. DE 36 09 162 AI also describes a fertilizer and a process for its production based on animal manure. Here, horse manure is processed together with straw and, if necessary, with further admixtures of artificial or natural fertilizers. In particular, moist horse manure is used as the starting product, which is provided with straw or other additives such as peat garbage, artificial fertilizer and other animal manure. This natural fertilizer made from horse manure has the disadvantage that the rotting properties of the natural fertilizer deteriorate, particularly when straw is added. In addition, straw is considered a nitrogen-consuming, organic material, so that this important nutrient for fertilization would be lost.

The invention is based on the object of describing or specifying a natural fertilizer based on horse manure and a method for its production which is simple, inexpensive and ecologically harmless in its production and is said to have good application properties.

The problem is solved with the characterizing features of claims 1 and 22 or 43.

Advantageous further developments are specified in the subclaims.

The method according to the invention for producing a spreadable natural fertilizer consisting of horse manure is characterized in that the bolls (horse apples) excreted by horses are taken up and within a certain time frame, which includes the extensive preservation of the natural moisture and loose structure of the pollen material, are to be processed. Intermediate storage of the bollen is advisable in order to be able to put together optimal quantities for further processing. The intermediate storage can already be used for pre-drying. It is ensured that the bulbs are separated from other admixtures, such as straw and urine straw, that are normally present in horse manure. The usual dung addition of hay is also removed. This largely eliminates any weed seeds that may be present. With the separation of these more difficult to decompose, high cellulose-containing components, a material which consumes nitrogen during the decomposition is advantageously eliminated. The relatively complex separation of the bolls from the admixtures can be avoided if boll catchers are used in particular during the housing.

When the bulbs are processed according to the invention, their apple-shaped structure is destroyed and roughly crushed.

As a rule, the bollen is collected from the litter, stored temporarily and processed within a week. Picking up the bollen on the pasture also makes sense. The time from the elimination of the horse apples to the picking up should not exceed an average of one week. In particular, the weather must be observed in order to prevent loss of ingredients and to protect the soil-improving microorganisms in horse manure. It has proven to be very useful that in the summer with the processing of the bollen not should be waited longer than 24 hours to avoid a hasty drying process. The effects of longer rains must also be prevented. Residues of up to approx. 1% straw or hay are harmless for the natural fertilizer according to the invention. The usual horse manure, which consists of straw, urine straw and horse apples, must be processed using a suitable separation system so that the bollen can be separated from the other components.

The required pre-crushing of the apple-shaped structures of the bulbs can be done mechanically with appropriate devices such as rake-like, high-speed machines.

In a development of the invention, it is proposed to carry out the pre-comminution using animals. Here the bulbs are spread widely and e.g. Domestic chickens brought into contact with this area. It is expedient to carry out this type of "animal" crushing in an airy, closed space.

It has been shown that chickens are ready and able to shred the bollen. The manure excreted by them is also a hot manure like horse manure and thus corresponds to the character of a fertilizer based on horse manure. The chickens should be kept on the floor during this activity. It is advantageous to ensure you have enough rest and a suitable free run, whereby normal feeding, as is usual with laying chickens, should take place. As part of the machining process according to the invention, the shredded bolls are then dried. The drying takes place exclusively by air drying. So-called air floor drying is possible on flat, roofed surfaces, air-light sun drying, whereby it should be noted here that the material is only exposed to moderate heat and does not fade, or air drying on air-permeable grids. A great advantage of the method according to the invention is that no additional energy has to be added for the drying and that the drying generally takes place at temperatures below 40 ° C. With direct and intense solar radiation, slightly higher temperatures can occur for a short time. In this case, the material must be turned over frequently to avoid overheating. Strong sunshine or other heat effects combined with washouts caused by rain cause a faded material that can no longer be used for the fertilizer. The drying process is carried out so long that the shredded bollen loses about 50% of its own moisture. If the weather conditions are particularly unfavorable, it may be advisable to use the waste heat generated to dry the material.

The coarsely shredded and dried material can be collected, for example, by a blower with chopper function. The loose chop is then air dried further until it has reached a residual moisture of approx. 5%.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the bulbs are processed from the time of their excretion calculated within a week. In particular, this processing frame should be set if weather influences, such as rain and strong sunlight, disadvantageously change the bulbs.

In a further development of the invention, the machining ^¬ takes place below the Bollen in the absence of Witterungseinfllüssen, such as temperature, moisture and sunlight within six months. After that, structural changes can be expected that can adversely affect the quality of the fertilizer.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the dried-on material for the production of granules is placed in an extruder which produces a pressed, granular material. The grain size is 4 to 10 mm with a maximum of 10% of small fragments and powder. The resulting granulate is then air-dried until it also has a residual moisture content of 5%. Additional microorganisms can advantageously be added to the granules but also to the chop, which inhibit the rotting process and the release of the nutrients, ie. H. the conversion into a plant-available form, favorably affect.

The natural fertilizer produced by the method according to the invention is characterized by a high degree of ease of application. Both the chop and the granulate could be delivered as bagged material. A delivery in another form is of course also possible. Due to their structure and porosity, the fertilizer granules advantageously have good water storage. It acts hotly deployed in the ground, proving that inherent in the raw material microbiological aktivi ^¬ ty even after the manufacturing process is preserved.

The natural fertilizer according to the invention is suitable for spreading over the cultivated areas. It is sufficient to work the fertilizer into the upper layer of the earth with a rake. A laborious incorporation, as is necessary when using animal manure, is not necessary here. The natural fertilizer according to the invention is quickly available as a nutrient supplier due to its easy and, above all, faster decomposition (as a result of the production method according to the invention). This means that the natural fertilizer can be applied very promptly to the cultivation of the plants, e.g. B. in front of the plants or the seeds. The granulate can be used very advantageously for roses, strawberries and vegetable areas, but also as top fertilizer for fruit trees and ornamental shrubs.

The natural fertilizer according to the invention, which consists of shaped and broken horse bollard material, contains, among other things, vital trace elements, the accumulation of which in the soil on particularly intensively used areas has decreased. In addition to such important micronutrients as selenium and iodine, it contains the important main nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus. An increase in the nutrient content can be achieved by enriching the horse bolls with horse urine. It is best to add it at the beginning of the drying process. The basic consistency supports loosening of the upper soil layers and water storage. The granulate can be considered a relatively heavy material without Familiarization. The natural fertilizer is almost odorless and dry and therefore very pleasant to use. During the rotting process, heat is generated, which can be of particular importance for the transitional seasons. Enriching the fertilizer with other microorganisms can usefully complement the properties. The microorganisms can be sprayed or sprayed in liquid form before being collected and packaged. It should be noted, however, that in-depth moistening of the material should be avoided.

The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment.

The production of a chopped or granulated (granular) fertilizer from horse manure depends in its process sequence on whether smaller or larger production units are planned. In the case of smaller production units, manual process steps in particular predominate, whereas in the larger production units mechanical processing is provided.

In the first process step, the horse apples are separated from the straw / hay / urine waste from the horse manure, so that only horse apples or bulbs are available for further processing. Suitable manure forks, made of metal or plastic, are used for the manual separation of the bollen. Here, the pollen material is taken up by the other manure components with the fork, stored temporarily and then further processed. In larger production units, the horse manure, which in addition to the horse bolls also contains straw, hay, sawdust or other grit and heavy urine mixture, is transported via a fast-running conveyor belt and fed to a fan connected at the end that blows in the transverse direction. Due to the acceleration, the heavy bulbs are separated from the light bedding. The urine straw also does not fall very far and is removed laterally. The manure to be processed should not be older than one to three weeks, otherwise the bolls will rot and the horse manure will compact, making it more and more difficult to separate the bollen. The bolls separated in this way are then temporarily stored. The interim storage should not take longer than a week. Longer storage is possible, but leads to loss of quality.

For a small production, the temporarily stored material is picked up and distributed in a chicken pen. A wheelbarrow bollards, distributed over an area of approximately 20 m ² , are crushed by six chickens in one day. Then the material treated by the chickens is sieved by hand using a sieve with a mesh size between 30 and 40 mm. The apples, which have not yet been sufficiently cut up, remain in the chicken enclosure. The horse bolls, cut to a maximum of 40 mm, are pre-dried until approx. 50% of the moisture has escaped. The type of drying depends on the season. The drying time will also depend on the season and the weather. The moisture content can obviously be assessed, an exact measurement is not necessary.

The pre-dried material is removed using a leaf blower with chopping function with a minimum output of 2 kW. sucked and then collected. The resulting chop has a maximum size of 20 mm and is spreadable. The material treated in this way can also be fed into an extruder. The result is granular natural fertilizer.

The cut horse bolls can be dried in various ways. Drying on concrete surfaces is particularly useful when the sun is shining and the relative humidity is low. Experience has shown that the drying process is completed after approximately one day. Depending on the season, a decision can be made as to the extent to which drying takes place outdoors or whether coverage is required in the rain.

When drying on gratings, it is recommended to use so-called expanded rib metal. This is fastened to a suitable substructure and set up with a slight slope, as well ventilated as possible. With suitable cross ventilation, drying is completed within one to 14 days, with a longer drying time at temperatures below freezing and in high air humidity.

Independence from the weather and the season can be achieved on concrete surfaces in covered rooms, e.g. in greenhouses. This drying is associated with frequent turning of the material, which can be done both by hand and by machine.

When drying on or in nets, e.g. Scaffolding protection nets must be properly tensioned, just above the

Soil to be laid so that it can also be used by producers can be entered. Ventilation must be ensured.

The drying time is usually around one day in midsummer until final drying, in the transitional period around 3-5 days and in winter around 3-4 weeks under greenhouse conditions.

Sunshine promotes drying, but is not the only decisive factor. Air in the normal Central European warmth of spring to autumn also dries the raw material very well and, above all, lightly, i.e. not under concentrated heat. Rapid and direct drying with, for example, microwaves or high heat would inevitably have an adverse effect on the microbiological activity potential of the fertilizer according to the invention. Maintaining the microbiological flora in the end product is an important advantage of the manufacturing process according to the invention.

Air-dried sun drying below 40 ° C, in which no overheating occurs in mild sunlight and is made possible by frequent turning of the air, is particularly suitable for producing the fertilizer according to the invention.

In general, the material should be turned regularly during drying, during which ammonium nitrogen can also escape.

In the presence of waste heat from biogas plants, which can also be used very advantageously in particular for ecological reasons, or also when other waste heat is used, this can take place in the individual drying stages, in particular in the case of grid drying. The natural fertilizer thus created is then up to a residual moisture of approx. 5% dried. This makes it very easy to handle and transport.

It can be bagged using paper bags, which are then sealed or glued with a paper bag sewing machine. Paper bags are breathable and environmentally friendly. They rule out the formation of mold and ensure the preservation of the microorganisms due to the air permeability.

Packaging in plastic sacks can also take place, but it must be noted here that residual moisture present can trigger undesirable microbiological activities in the fertilizer.

The sacks are then marked accordingly. The weight is given and consumer information, in particular also regarding the further processing of the fertilizer, is then given.

Both granulated and non-granulated material can be added to the drying process described above. As a rule, the drying of granulated material can be carried out in a shorter time. Up to a residual moisture of 5%, 30 to 40% less time is usually required.

Powerful machines are used in the large-scale production of the natural fertilizer according to the invention. Leaf vacuum cleaners with high performance are used to collect the horse bollards. High-performance turbines, which are used, for example, to suck up cut grass, also suck the horse apples without any problems residue-free. The grown grass and soil remain outside the blower. In this step, the material is crushed at the same time.

The high-performance vacuum cleaners can also be used in litter and horse bollards after separation of the manure, i.e. the external pollen pile is sucked in again and crushed in the process.

In the case of large-scale production, it is easily possible to distribute the moist material, which is applied to a concrete surface, for example, by means of a tractor to which a star tedder is attached. The fertilizer is turned several times a day in this way and dried to an apparent 50% dryness. In principle, further drying options, as described above, can also be used here.

Sucking up the material again with a leaf blower with a high-performance cutting function also creates a chopped material. Sucking and spreading out on the same surface is then possible. It should be noted that a not insignificant amount of dust already arises here, so that if the dust pollution becomes too great, it is therefore better to use grass catchers and redistribute them with the star tedder.

The pre-dried or dried material is also in the

The frame of the large-scale production was brought into a pressed, strand-like shape by means of an extruder

Cutting and distributing on the floor in granulated material is transferred. Uncrushed, slightly pre-dried horse balls can also be used here. Enrichment with an appropriate level of horse urine is advantageous and quality-demanding and improves the structure and the spreadability of the resulting granulate. The moisture content of the material must not exceed 20%. The chopped or granulated natural fertilizer is then, after it has reached a residual moisture of 5%, cleared by means of tractors and then bagged by machine.

The remaining materials separated from the horse manure, which usually consist of straw, hay, grass and weed seeds and, if necessary, litter, can be composted. For further composting, e.g. In old silage systems, the relevant environmental protection regulations must of course be observed.

The use of earthworms makes sense, in which case contact with the soil, i.e. with the surrounding microbiological environment, must be guaranteed. This ensures rapid rotting.

In order to shorten the processing time, it makes sense to collect the litter, if it has not yet rotten too much, using a leaf blower and to shred it in the process. The material can then be further stored in the silage systems with contact with the ground and fed to the rotting process. As a result, humus rich soil is advantageously created as a by-product. The fertilizer can be enriched with microorganisms by suitable spraying methods.

As part of small-scale production, these can be distributed using a spray bottle before the natural fertilizer is packaged. The use of a mechanical fertilizer sprayer is recommended for large-scale production. However, the minimum moisture levels should not be exceeded.

Claims

claims

1. A process for the preparation of a dispersible natural fertilizer from horse manure, characterized in that are that the excreted by horses Bollen received and processed within a certain time frame, comprising the far ^¬ preceding preserving natural moisture and lo ^¬ more chic structure of Boll material.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Bollen of other ingredients present such as straw, urine, straw, other bedding or Fremdmateri ^¬ alien be separated.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bulbs are destroyed in their apple-shaped structure and roughly crushed.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the bollen is mechanically comminuted.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the bulbs are spread out before the mechanical comminution. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the mechanical crushing of the spread bolls is carried out with a suction blower with a chopping function.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the shredding of the bollen is carried out by the use of animals.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5, characterized in that the crushing of the bollen by the use of

Domestic chickens.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 5 or 6, characterized in that the use of the chickens takes place in an airy, closed space and in floor management.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the crushed bollen are dried.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the drying of the shredded bollen is carried out by air drying or air-light sun drying.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the air drying is carried out on flat, covered surfaces or on air-permeable grids.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a predrying is carried out until a loss of moisture of approx. 50% is reached.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the pre-dried and coarsely crushed bollen for

Production of a chop to be finally dried to a residual moisture of approx. 5%.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that a granulate is produced from the pre-dried and crushed bollen.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the granulate production is carried out in an extruder.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that the bulbs are not crushed before extrusion. Method according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that a residual moisture of about 5% is set after the granulation by final drying.

19. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the bollen, calculated from the time of their excretion, are processed within a week.

20. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the bulbs when weather conditions are excluded, such as

Temperature, humidity and sun exposure can be processed within six months.

21. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that

Microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, actiomycetes and noble mold can be added.

22. Natural fertilizer made by

Collection of bolls excreted by horses and processing within a certain time frame, which largely preserves the natural moisture and loose structure of the bollen material.

23. Natural fertilizer according to claim 22, produced by

Separation of the bulbs from other present components such as straw, urine straw, other bedding or foreign materials.

24. Natural fertilizer according to claim 22 or 23, produced by

Destruction and rough crushing of the bulbs in their apple-like structure.

25. Natural fertilizer according to one of claims 22 to 24, produced by mechanical comminution of the bollen.

26. Natural fertilizer according to one of claims 22 to 25, produced by the spreading of the bollen before mechanical comminution.

27. Natural fertilizer according to one of claims 22 to 26, produced by the mechanical comminution of the spread bollen with suction fan with chopping function.

28. Natural fertilizer according to one of claims 22 to 24, produced by crushing the bollen by the use of animals.

29. Natural fertilizer according to one of claims 22 to 24 and 26, produced by crushing the bollen by using domestic chickens.

30. Natural fertilizer according to one of claims 22 to 24, 26 or 27, produced by the use of the chickens in an airy, closed ^¬ NEN space and in floor management.

31. Natural fertilizer according to one of claims 22 to 30, produced by

Drying the crushed bollen.

32. Natural fertilizer according to one of claims 22 to 31, produced by

Carrying out the drying of the shredded bollen by air drying or light sun drying.

33. Natural fertilizer according to one of claims 22 to 32, produced by

Air drying on flat, covered surfaces or on air-permeable grids.

34. Natural fertilizer according to one of claims 22 to 33, produced by

Perform a pre-drying process until a moisture loss of approx. 50% is reached.

35. Natural fertilizer according to one of claims 22 to 34, produced by

Final drying of the pre-dried and coarsely zerkleiner ^¬ th Bollen for preparing a chaff to a residual moisture content of about 5%.

36. Natural fertilizer according to one of claims 22 to 35, produced by

Granulate production from the pre-dried and crushed bollen.

37. Natural fertilizer according to one of claims 22 to 36, produced by

Granulate production in an extruder.

38. Natural fertilizer according to claim 37, produced by

Do not crush the bulbs before extruding.

39. Natural fertilizer according to one of claims 22 to 38, produced by

Adjustment of a residual moisture of approx. 5% after the granulation through final drying.

40. Natural fertilizer according to one of claims 22 to 39, produced by

Processing of the bulbs within one week from the time of their elimination.

41. Natural fertilizer according to one of claims 22 to 39, produced by

Processing of the bollen within six months if weather conditions such as temperature, humidity and sunshine are excluded.

42. Natural fertilizer according to one of claims 22 to 41, produced by

Addition of microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, actiomycetes and noble mold.

43. Natural fertilizer, consisting of molded and dried horse bollard material.

44. Natural fertilizer according to claim 43, characterized in that microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, actiomycetes and noble mold are contained.

45. Natural fertilizer according to claim 43 or 44, characterized in that the pollen material is granulated.

46. Natural fertilizer according to one of claims 43 to 45, characterized in that the pollen material is appropriately shaped like a chop.

7. Natural fertilizer according to one of claims 43 to 46, characterized in that less than 5% residual moisture is contained.